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{{About|the municipality in | {{About|the municipality in Bihar, India|its namesake district|Munger district|other uses|Munger (disambiguation)}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date= | |||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
|name | | name = Munger | ||
|native_name | | native_name = | ||
|native_name_lang | | native_name_lang = | ||
|other_name | | other_name = | ||
|nickname | | nickname = Yoga Nagri<ref>{{cite web |title=Economy {{!}} Munger District, Government of Bihar {{!}} India |url=https://munger.nic.in/economy/ |website=munger.nic.in |access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref> | ||
|settlement_type | | settlement_type = City | ||
|image_skyline | | image_skyline = {{multiple image | ||
| border = infobox | |||
| total_width = 250 | |||
| image_style = | |||
| perrow = 1/2/2 | |||
| image1 = Fort of Munger.jpg | |||
| | | caption1 = [[Munger Fort]] | ||
| | | image2 = Shri krishna setu.jpg | ||
| | | caption2 =[[Munger Ganga Bridge]] | ||
| | | image3 = Chandika Sthan Temple near Saharsa Town.jpg | ||
| | | caption3 = [[Chandika Sthan]] | ||
| | | image4 = Kashtharni Ghat Munger.jpg | ||
| | | caption4 = [[Kastaharni Ghat]] | ||
| | | image5 = Munger Railway station.jpg | ||
| caption5 = [[Munger railway station]] | |||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Munger''' is a [[twin cities|twin city]] and a [[Municipal Corporation]] situated in the [[Indian state]] of [[Bihar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://urban.bih.nic.in/Docs/CDP/CDP-Munger.pdf|title=CDP Munger|publisher=Urban department, Government of Bihar|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215204/http://urban.bih.nic.in/Docs/CDP/CDP-Munger.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> It is the administrative headquarters of [[Munger district]] and [[Munger Division]]. | | caption = | ||
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India | |||
| pushpin_label_position = right | |||
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India | |||
| coordinates = {{coord|25.381|N|86.465|E|display=inline,title}} | |||
| subdivision_type = Country | |||
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | |||
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | |||
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]] | |||
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Region]] | |||
| subdivision_name2 = | |||
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | |||
| subdivision_name3 = [[Munger district|Munger]] | |||
| subdivision_type4 = [[List of divisons of India|Division]] | |||
| founder = [[Chandragupta Vikramaditya|Chandragupta II]] | |||
| established_title = Established | |||
| established_date = 1834 | |||
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporation]] | |||
| governing_body = Munger Nagar Nigam | |||
| leader_title = [[Mayor of Mumbai|Mayor]] | |||
| leader_name = Kumkum Devi | |||
| leader_title2 = [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]] | |||
| population_demonym = Mungeri | |||
| leader_name2 = Sivakshi Dixit (IAS) | |||
| leader_title3 = [[Munger Assembly constituency|MLA,Munger]] | |||
| leader_name3 = Pranav Kumar (BJP) | |||
| unit_pref = Metric | |||
| area_total_km2 = 89 | |||
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Munger City|url=https://nagarseva.bihar.gov.in/udhd/cache/SHOW_DOCS/Final%20CDP%20Munger.pdf|website=nagarseva.bihar.gov.in|access-date=22 November 2020}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | |||
| elevation_m = 43 | |||
| population_total = 213,101 | |||
| population_as_of = 2011 | |||
| population_rank = 11th in Bihar | |||
| population_density_km2 = auto | |||
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2011 census data">{{cite web|title=Census of India Search details|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=254543|publisher=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=10 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518133015/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=254543|archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> | |||
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]] | |||
| demographics1_title1 = Official | |||
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=3 January 2019 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | |||
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official | |||
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/> | |||
| demographics1_title3 = Regional | |||
| demographics1_info3 = Hindi, English, [[Angika language|Angika]], [[Maithili language|Maithili]]<ref>{{cite web |title=language {{!}} Munger District, Government of Bihar {{!}} India |url=https://munger.nic.in/language/ |website=munger.nic.in |access-date=12 March 2022}}</ref> | |||
| demographics1_title4 = | |||
| demographics1_info4 = | |||
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | |||
| utc_offset1 = +5:30 | |||
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | |||
| postal_code = 811201 to 811214 , 813201<ref>{{cite news |title=MUNGER Pin Code - 811201, Munger All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search MUNGER Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/bihar/munger/munger-pincode-811201.html |access-date=27 July 2022 |work=ABP Live}}</ref> | |||
| area_code_type = Telephone code | |||
| area_code = +91-6344 | |||
| registration_plate = BR-08 | |||
| website = {{URL|Munger.nic.in}} | |||
| footnotes = | |||
}} | |||
'''Munger''', formerly spelt as '''Monghyr''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kerkhoff |first=Kathinka Sinha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zuXBBAAAQBAJ&dq=monghyr+bihar&pg=PA229 |title=Colonising Plants in Bihar (1760-1950) |date=2014 |publisher=PartridgeIndia |isbn=978-1-4828-3911-1 |page=229}}</ref> is a [[twin cities|twin city]] and a [[Municipal Corporation]] situated in the [[Indian state]] of [[Bihar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://urban.bih.nic.in/Docs/CDP/CDP-Munger.pdf|title=CDP Munger|publisher=Urban department, Government of Bihar|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215204/http://urban.bih.nic.in/Docs/CDP/CDP-Munger.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> It is the administrative headquarters of [[Munger district]] and [[Munger Division]]. Munger was one of the major cities in [[Eastern India]] and undivided [[Bengal]] during [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] period and [[British raj|British Raj]]. It is one of the major political, cultural, educational and commercial centers of [[Bihar]] and [[Eastern India]]. Munger is situated about {{cvt|180|km}} east of capital city [[Patna]], about {{cvt|480|km}} west of [[Eastern India]]'s largest city [[Kolkata]] and {{cvt|1200|km}} from country's capital [[New Delhi]]. | |||
Historically, Munger is known for being an ancient seat of rule. The twin city comprises Munger and [[Jamalpur, Munger|Jamalpur]] situated on the southern bank of the river [[Ganges]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://urban.bih.nic.in/Docs/CDP/CDP-Jamalpur.pdf|title=CDP Jamalpur|work=Urban Department, Government of Bihar|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509133101/http://urban.bih.nic.in/Docs/CDP/CDP-Jamalpur.pdf|archive-date=9 May 2016}}</ref> It is situated | Historically, Munger is known for being an ancient seat of rule. The twin city comprises Munger and [[Jamalpur, Munger|Jamalpur]] situated on the southern bank of the river [[Ganges]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://urban.bih.nic.in/Docs/CDP/CDP-Jamalpur.pdf|title=CDP Jamalpur|work=Urban Department, Government of Bihar|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509133101/http://urban.bih.nic.in/Docs/CDP/CDP-Jamalpur.pdf|archive-date=9 May 2016}}</ref> It is situated {{cvt|8|km}} from [[Jamalpur Junction]], {{cvt|180|km}} east of capital city [[Patna]] and {{cvt|430|km}} from [[Kolkata]] the capital of [[West Bengal]]. | ||
[[File:Gangariver 23220.jpg|thumb|Kastaharni Ghat]] | [[File:Gangariver 23220.jpg|thumb|Kastaharni Ghat]] | ||
Munger is said to have been founded by the Guptas (4th century CE) and contains a fort that houses the tomb of the Muslim saint Shah Mushk Nafā (died 1497). In 1763 | Munger is said to have been founded by the Guptas (4th century CE) and contains a fort that houses the tomb of the Muslim saint Shah Mushk Nafā (died 1497). In 1763, the [[Nawab of Bengal]] [[Mir Qasim]] made Munger his capital and built an arsenal and several palaces. It was constituted a municipality in 1864. | ||
==History== | |||
In classical period (4th-5th century), Munger was known as "Guptagadh" or "Guptagarh". The inscription was found inscribed on a rock at the kasta-harani ghat at the north-western side of the present fort.<ref>{{Citation |last=Sahai |first=Bhagwant |title=The Monghyr Stone Inscription of Chandragupta II |date=1983 |work=The Inscriptions of Bihar |editor-last= |editor-first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-dO1AAAAIAAJ|access-date= |publisher=University of California }}</ref> | |||
Guptagadh was founded by [[Chandragupta Vikramaditya]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Chowdhry |first=Babu Ram |title=Hand-book on India for Political Workers |date=1959 |editor-last= |editor-first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gllEAAAAIAAJ&q=gopa+in+bihar|access-date= |publisher=University of California }}</ref> | |||
In early medieval times, Munger was known as ''Mudgagiri'' (Sanskrit {{IAST|Mudgagiri}}, with no diacritics).<!-- Pandey, Sen and Maurya 2024, p. 121 --><ref name="Pandey, Sen, and Maurya 2024">{{cite journal |last1=Pandey |first1=Akash |last2=Sen |first2=Sushmita |last3=Maurya |first3=Rahul |title=Mudgagiri, a Pāla "Jayaskandhāvāra": An Assessment of Recent Sculptural and Inscriptional Findings at Munger, Bihar |journal=South Asian Studies |date=2024 |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=121–43 |doi=10.1080/02666030.2024.2391633 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02666030.2024.2391633 |access-date=29 January 2025|url-access=subscription }}</ref>{{rp|121}} The name is derived from Sanskrit ''mudga'', referring to the [[mung bean]], plus ''giri'', meaning hill.<ref name="Monier-Williams">{{cite book |last1=Monier-Williams |first1=Monier |author1-link=Monier Monier-Williams |title=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary |date=1899 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://archive.org/details/nSrb_a-sanskrit-english-dictionary-sir-monier-monier-williams/page/821}}</ref>{{rp|355, 822}} Mudgagiri was a royal residence of the [[Pala Empire]].<!-- Pandey, Sen and Maurya 2024, p. 121 --> Sometime in the mid-800s, there was a significant battle fought at Mudgagiri between the Palas (possibly under [[Narayanapala]]) and the [[Pratihara dynasty|Pratihara]]s, possibly under [[Mihira Bhoja]].<!-- Banerji 1915, p. 59 --> Another Pratihara dynast, a feudatory ruler named Kakka, also took part in the battle, which was part of a Pratihara invasion of Bengal.<!-- Banerji 1915, p. 59 --> Later, Munger was mentioned (as ''Mudgiri'') as the residence of the Pala ruler [[Ramapala]].<!-- Banerji 1915, p. 92 --> In the 1100s, Mudgagiri seems to have been under [[Sena dynasty|Sena]] rule.<!-- Banerji 1915, p. 107 --> A [[Indian copper plate inscriptions|copper plate grant]] of the [[Gahadavala]] ruler [[Govindachandra (Gahadavala dynasty)|Govindachandra]] indicates that he advanced as far as Mudgagiri in April 1146, and bathed in the Ganges here on the day of [[Akshaya Tritiya]].<!-- Banerji 1915, p. 107 --> According to [[R. D. Banerji]], Govindachandra was likely leading a military expedition to Bengal at that point, and the expedition was evidently unsuccessful, leaving eastern Magadha under Sena control.<!-- Banerji 1915, p. 107 --><ref name="Banerji 1915">{{cite book |last1=Banerji |first1=Rakhal Das |author1-link=R. D. Banerji |title=The Pālas of Bengal |date=1915 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U7Q-AQAAMAAJ&dq=mudgagiri&pg=PA59 |access-date=29 January 2025}}</ref>{{rp|59, 92, 107}} | |||
Historically, Munger was located at a strategic [[choke point|bottleneck]] controlling the main route into Bengal from the west.<!-- Wink 1997, p. 258 --> To the south, travel was impeded by the steep hills; to the north, the numerous Ganges tributaries were the main obstacle.<!-- Wink 1997, p. 258 --><ref name="Wink 1997">{{cite book |last1=Wink |first1=André |author1-link=André Wink |title=Al-Hind: the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol. II: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11th-13th Centuries |date=1997 |publisher=Brill |location=The Netherlands |isbn=9004102361}}</ref>{{rp|258}} | |||
In the end of 12th century, Munger alongside with Patna was conquered by [[Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji|Bakhtiyar Khalji]]. The region served as a province of Bengal until 1330 before its annexation by [[Muhammad bin Tughluq|Muhammad Tughlaq]]. From 1397 Munger was part of the [[Jaunpur Sultanate]] till [[Sikandar Khan Lodi|Sikander Lodi]] overrun Bihar before 1499. Treaty was concluded between Delhi and Bengal, which allowed [[Alauddin Husain Shah|Alauddin Hussain Shah]] to retain the region of Bihar. In 1521, [[Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah|Nusrat Shah]] annexed few forts of Munger. Later it was captured by [[Sher Shah Suri]]. From 1545 till [[Mughal conquest of Bengal|Akbar's invasion of Bengal]], Munger remained in the hands of [[Karrani dynasty]]. The region remained under Muslim rule until British occupation of Bihar in 1760's.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|O'malley|2007|p=|pp=33–37; 47}}</ref> | |||
Maharshi Nagendranath Bhaduri pursued intense spiritual practices in solitude, especially [[Hathayoga]] and [[Pranayama|Pranayam]], in a lonely cave in Monghyr and attained salvation there.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Companions and Followers of Ramakrishna |location=Kolkata |publisher=Advaita Ashrama |isbn=978-81-7505-360-1 |pages=381}}</ref> He also known as Bhaduri Mahasaya, was an Indian yogi famously referred to as "The Levitating Saint" by [[Paramahansa Yogananda]] in his book [[Autobiography of a Yogi]].The chapter which describes Bhaduri Mahasaya is titled "The Levitating Saint".<ref>[[Paramahansa Yogananda|Yogananda, Paramahansa]], [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Autobiography_of_a_Yogi/Chapter_7''Autobiography of a Yogi''], Los Angeles, CA: Self-Realization Fellowship, 1946, Chapter 7.</ref> | |||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
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The climate of Munger is subtropical (warm in summer and cold during winter). The [[Köppen climate classification]] sub-type for this climate is [[humid subtropical]].<ref name=weatherbase/> | The climate of Munger is subtropical (warm in summer and cold during winter). The [[Köppen climate classification]] sub-type for this climate is [[humid subtropical]].<ref name=weatherbase/> | ||
{{weather box | {{weather box | ||
|width= | |width=80% | ||
|location = Munger, India | |location = Munger, India | ||
|single line = yes | |single line = yes | ||
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==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
As per 2011 census, Munger Municipal Corporation has a total population of 213,101 out of which 113,173 were males and 99,928 were females. It had a sex ratio of 883. The population between 0 | As per 2011 census, Munger Municipal Corporation has a total population of 213,101 out of which 113,173 were males and 99,928 were females. It had a sex ratio of 883. The population between 0 and 6 years was 29,260. The literacy rate of the 7+ population was 81.83 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above|work=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|archive-date=7 May 2012}}</ref> | ||
{{bar box | {{bar box | ||
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|titlebar=#Fcd116 | |titlebar=#Fcd116 | ||
|left1= Religion | |left1= Religion | ||
|riht1= | |riht1= per cent | ||
|float= right | |float= right | ||
|bars= | |bars= | ||
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==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
Munger, along with Jamalpur are the major industrial cities in Bihar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hajipuronline.in/city-guide/about-hajipur |title=About Hajipur |website=www.HajipurOnline.in |access-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019053006/http://www.hajipuronline.in/city-guide/about-hajipur |archive-date=19 October 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Munger is also one of the most prosperous cities in Bihar with a per capita income of INR 42,793 in FY 2020–21.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chaudhary |first1=Pranav |date=27 February 2023 |title=Patna, Begusarai, Munger emerge most prosperous districts of Bihar |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/patna-begusarai-munger-emerge-most-prosperous-districts-of-bihar-1503157937.html |work=The Statesman |access-date=28 January 2024}}</ref> | |||
[[Indian Railways]] operates of Asia's largest and oldest railway workshops at [[Jamalpur Locomotive Workshop|Jamalpur]]. This was set up by the [[British Raj]] in 1862.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Minister-releases-stamp-on-Jamalpur-railway-workshop/articleshow/26488437.cms|author=Kumod Verma|title=Minister releases stamp on Jamalpur railway workshop|work=Times of India|agency=TNN|date=28 November 2013|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703215150/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Minister-releases-stamp-on-Jamalpur-railway-workshop/articleshow/26488437.cms|archive-date=3 July 2017}}</ref> | [[Indian Railways]] operates of Asia's largest and oldest railway workshops at [[Jamalpur Locomotive Workshop|Jamalpur]]. This was set up by the [[British Raj]] in 1862.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Minister-releases-stamp-on-Jamalpur-railway-workshop/articleshow/26488437.cms|author=Kumod Verma|title=Minister releases stamp on Jamalpur railway workshop|work=Times of India|agency=TNN|date=28 November 2013|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703215150/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Minister-releases-stamp-on-Jamalpur-railway-workshop/articleshow/26488437.cms|archive-date=3 July 2017}}</ref> | ||
Munger has also ITC Factory established by British. Ordinance Gun Factory Munger , ITC Milk Dairy and many others.{{ | Munger has also ITC Factory established by the British. Ordinance Gun Factory Munger, ITC Milk Dairy and many others.[https://www.jagran.com/bihar/bhagalpur-munger-gun-factory-mir-kasim-started-with-pistol-now-five-shot-pump-action-gun-is-being-ready-22743874.html] | ||
==Culture== | |||
Munger is known for [[Sita]] Manpatthar (Sita charan) Sitacharan temple situated on a boulder in the middle of the Ganges in Munger (Anga Region) is the main center of public faith regarding [[Chhath]] festival. It is believed that Mata Sita performed the Chhath festival in Munger. It was only after this that Chhath Mahaparv started. That is why [[Chhath]] Mahaparva is celebrated with great pomp in Munger.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/munger/story-mata-sita-performed-chhath-puja-in-munger-5027410.amp.html|title=Sitacharan Temple." Live Hindustan.livehindustan.com |date=8 November 2021 |access-date= 8 November 2021}}</ref> Munger is also famous for Durga Puja Mahotsav which is celebrated for 10 days. The first nine days are celebrated with great fervor across the city. On the 10th day evening, one side rushes to the Polo Grounds for Ravan Badh, while the other side prepares for a unique ritual known as "Shobha Yatra." The '''“Shobha Yatra of Badi Durga of Shadipur'''” marks the importance of Badi Durga of Munger all over the country. People from all over the city join this yatra, and the deity is immersed early in the morning in the holy river Ganges. | |||
==Places of interest== | ==Places of interest== | ||
*[[Munger Fort]], covers an area of around 222 | *[[Munger Fort]], covers an area of around {{convert|222|acre}} | ||
*Munger [[Museum]] | |||
*[[Chandika Sthan|Chandika Asthan]], a sacred Shakti-Peeth | *[[Chandika Sthan|Chandika Asthan]], a sacred Shakti-Peeth | ||
*[[Kastaharni Ghat]] on the [[Ganges]] | *[[Kastaharni Ghat]] on the [[Ganges]] | ||
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*[[Mir Qasim]]'s Tunnel<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mir Kasim Tunnel {{!}} Munger District, Government of Bihar {{!}} India|url=https://munger.nic.in/tourist-place/mir-kasim-tunnel/|access-date=1 November 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> | *[[Mir Qasim]]'s Tunnel<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mir Kasim Tunnel {{!}} Munger District, Government of Bihar {{!}} India|url=https://munger.nic.in/tourist-place/mir-kasim-tunnel/|access-date=1 November 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
*Peer Shah Nafah Shrine<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pir Shah Nafah Shrine {{!}} Munger District, Government of Bihar {{!}} India|url=https://munger.nic.in/tourist-place/pir-shah-nafah-shrine/|access-date=1 November 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> | *Peer Shah Nafah Shrine<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pir Shah Nafah Shrine {{!}} Munger District, Government of Bihar {{!}} India|url=https://munger.nic.in/tourist-place/pir-shah-nafah-shrine/|access-date=1 November 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
*Kharagpur Jheel (Lake) <ref name=":0" /> | *[[Haveli Kharagpur]] Jheel (Lake) <ref name=":0" /> | ||
*Raja Rani Park | |||
*Goenka Shivalaya / Machli Talab <ref>{{Cite web|title=Goyanka Shivalaya (Mirchi Talab) {{!}} Munger District, Government of Bihar {{!}} India|url=https://munger.nic.in/tourist-place/goyanka-shivalaya-mirchi-talab/|access-date=1 November 2020|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> | *Goenka Shivalaya / Machli Talab <ref>{{Cite web|title=Goyanka Shivalaya (Mirchi Talab) {{!}} Munger District, Government of Bihar {{!}} India|url=https://munger.nic.in/tourist-place/goyanka-shivalaya-mirchi-talab/|access-date=1 November 2020|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> | ||
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===Rail=== | ===Rail=== | ||
[[File:MungerRailwayStation.jpg|thumb|left|[[Munger Railway Station]]]] | [[File:MungerRailwayStation.jpg|thumb|left|[[Munger Railway Station]]]] | ||
Munger has two railway stations: [[Jamalpur Junction]] and [[Munger Railway Station]]. The former is the main railhead for the city while the latter, which was earlier called Purabsarai Railway Station, acts as suburban facility. Stations are connected with [[Sahibganj Loop]]. | |||
The rail system provides connection to cities such as {{rws|New Delhi}}, [[Mumbai]],{{rws|Surat}}, {{rws|Yesvantpur Junction}}, {{rws|Jamshedpur}}, {{rws|Jammu Tawi}}, {{rws|Dibrugarh}}, {{rws|Guwahati}}, [[Lucknow Charbagh railway station|Lucknow]], [[Patna Junction|Patna]], {{rws|Ranchi}}, {{rws|Agartala}}, {{rws|Hyderabad}}, {{rws|Deoghar Junction}}, {{rws|Muzaffarpur Junction}} and {{rws|Dhanbad}}. The [[Munger Ganga Bridge]], which takes both rail and road-traffic, connects Munger to the nearby cities of {{rws|Begusarai}}, {{rws|Saharsa Junction}}, {{rws|Katihar}} and {{rws|Khagaria Junction}} as well as various districts of [[North Bihar]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Munger-railroad-bridge-likely-to-be-operational-by-2014-end/articleshow/19552527.cms|author=Kumod Verma|title=Munger bridge likely to be operational by 2014 year end|work=The Times of India|agency=TNN|date=15 April 2013|access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208181950/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Munger-railroad-bridge-likely-to-be-operational-by-2014-end/articleshow/19552527.cms|archive-date=8 December 2014}}</ref> The bridge is the third-largest rail-cum-road bridge in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.walkthroughindia.com/walkthroughs/10-top-impressive-rail-cum-road-bridges-of-india/|title=Top ten rail road bridges in india|work=Walk Through India|date=3 October 2012 |access-date=31 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413143727/http://www.walkthroughindia.com/walkthroughs/10-top-impressive-rail-cum-road-bridges-of-india/|archive-date=13 April 2014}}</ref> | |||
The rail system provides connection to cities such as {{rws|New Delhi}}, | |||
===Road=== | ===Road=== | ||
Munger is connected to major parts of [[India]] by various National and State Highways. The major cities of [[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]] - such as [[Patna]], [[Ranchi]], [[Bhagalpur]], [[Purnia]], [[Bihar sharif]], [[Muzaffarpur]], [[Jamshedpur]], [[Dhanbad]], [[Gaya (India)|Gaya]], [[Bokaro Steel City|Bokaro]] and [[Darbhanga]] - can be reached by {{jct|NH|33|country=IND}}, {{jct|NH|333B|country=IND}}, {{jct|NH|333A|country=IND}}, {{jct|NH|31|country=IND}} and {{jct|NH|333|country=IND}} and various state Highways. Regular bus service are provided by [[BSRTC]] for all the major cities and other destinations. Citybuses, Taxies, Autorikshaw, E-Rickshaw, etc. are available all the times in the entire city for transportation. | Munger is connected to major parts of [[India]] by various National and State Highways. The major cities of [[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]] - such as [[Patna]], [[Ranchi]], [[Bhagalpur]], [[Purnia]], [[Katihar]], [[Bihar sharif]], [[Muzaffarpur]], [[Jamshedpur]], [[Dhanbad]], [[Gaya (India)|Gaya]], [[Bokaro Steel City|Bokaro]] and [[Darbhanga]] - can be reached by {{jct|NH|33|country=IND}}, {{jct|NH|333B|country=IND}}, {{jct|NH|333A|country=IND}}, {{jct|NH|31|country=IND}} and {{jct|NH|333|country=IND}} and various state Highways. Regular bus service are provided by [[BSRTC]] for all the major cities and other destinations. Citybuses, Taxies, Autorikshaw, E-Rickshaw, etc. are available all the times in the entire city for transportation. | ||
[[File:Munger Ganga Rail Road Bridge.jpg|thumb]] | |||
The [[Munger Ganga Bridge]] | The [[Munger Ganga Bridge]] links Munger to various districts of [[North Bihar]] and north-eastern India by 2021.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} | ||
===Air=== | ===Air=== | ||
[[Munger Airport]] is located in Safyabad, which is 5 km from Munger. It was re-inaugurated by Chief Minister [[Nitish Kumar]] on 24 May 2016.<ref>{{cite news|title=मुख्यमंत्री ने हवाई अड्डा टर्मिनल का किया उद्घाटन |url= | [[Munger Airport]] is located in Safyabad, which is 5 km from Munger. It was re-inaugurated by Chief Minister [[Nitish Kumar]] on 24 May 2016.<ref>{{cite news|title=मुख्यमंत्री ने हवाई अड्डा टर्मिनल का किया उद्घाटन |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/munger-14061672.html |date=24 May 2016 |location=Munger |work=[[Dainik Jagran]] |language=hi|access-date=30 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nitish to open renovated airstrip| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/nitish-to-open-renovated-airstrip/articleshow/52349577.cms |date= 19 May 2016 |location=Munger |author=Kashi Prasad |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=30 April 2017}}</ref> Munger has no international airport with commercial service. Domestic airport with commercial service is [[Jay Prakash Narayan Airport]] in [[Patna]] around 180 km away, which is served by all major airlines. | ||
The nearest international airport is [[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport]] in [[Kolkata]], which is around 480 km away. | |||
==Education== | ==Education== | ||
*[[Bihar School of Yoga]] | <!---♦♦♦ Only add a college to this list if it already has its own article on the English Bharatpedia ♦♦♦---> | ||
*[[Indian Railway Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering]] | <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---> | ||
*[[ | * [[Bihar School of Yoga]],established in 1964 by [[Satyananda Saraswati]]. | ||
*[[Munger University]] | * [[Biswanath Singh Institute of Legal Studies]] | ||
* [[Government Engineering College, Munger]] | |||
* [[Indian Railway Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering]] | |||
* [[Jagjivan Ram Shramik Mahavidyalaya]], general degree college<ref>{{cite web |title=Constituent Colleges Under T. M. Bhagalpur University |url=http://tmbu.org/College.aspx |access-date=27 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819002357/http://tmbu.org/College.aspx |archive-date=19 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
* [[Munger Forestry College]]<ref>{{cite news |title=बिहार के इस जिले में बनकर तैयार हुआ राज्य का पहला वानिकी कॉलेज, जल्द ही इन विषयों की पढ़ाई होगी शुरू |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/munger/bihar-first-forestry-college-is-ready-in-munger-classes-will-start-soon-gvk |access-date=5 June 2023 |work=Prabhat Khabar |date=7 January 2023 |language=hi}}</ref> | |||
* [[Munger University]] | |||
==Notable people== | ==Notable people== | ||
<!--Alphabetically arranged by LAST NAME--> | <!--Alphabetically arranged by LAST NAME--> | ||
*[[Nandalal Bose]], sculptor and painter | * [[Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay]], Bengali writer, lawyer and script-writer in Hindi films. | ||
*[[George Browne, 6th Marquess of Sligo]] (1856–1935), Anglo-Irish aristocrat, born in Munger | * [[Nandalal Bose]], sculptor and painter | ||
*[[Mona Das]] - [[Washington State Senate]] | * [[George Browne, 6th Marquess of Sligo]] (1856–1935), Anglo-Irish aristocrat, born in Munger | ||
*[[Brahmanand Mandal]] - Former MP from [[Munger (Lok Sabha constituency)|Munger Lok Sabha constituency]] | * [[Mona Das]] - [[Washington State Senate]] | ||
*[[Wali Rahmani]] - General Secretary of [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]] of [[India]] | * [[Brahmanand Mandal]] - Former MP from [[Munger (Lok Sabha constituency)|Munger Lok Sabha constituency]] | ||
*[[Ramdhari Singh Dinkar]], poet | * [[Muhammad Ali Mungeri]], Indian Muslim scholar, founder Nadwatul Ulama | ||
*[[Monazir Hassan]] -four-time MLA from Munger and one-time [[Member of parliament (India)|member of the Indian Parliament]] in 15th Lok Sabha (2009 to 2014) and represented [[Begusarai]] ([[Begusarai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lok Sabha constituency]]).<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 July 2018|first=Madan |last=Kumar|title=Former MP Monazir Hassan returns to JD(U) after a gap of four years|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/former-mp-monazir-hassan-returns-to-jdu-after-a-gap-of-four-years/articleshow/64831131.cms|access-date=12 November 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> | * [[Minnatullah Rahmani]] First General Secretary of [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]] | ||
* [[Wali Rahmani]] - General Secretary of [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]] of [[India]] | |||
*[[Kumar Suresh Singh]], Director-General of [[Anthropological Survey of India]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Scholar of society|newspaper=Frontline|volume=23|issue=12|date=30 June 2006|url=http://www.flonnet.com/fl2312/stories/20060630006312500.htm|first=T. K.|last=Rajalakshmi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611204439/http://www.flonnet.com/fl2312/stories/20060630006312500.htm|archive-date=11 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> | * [[Ramdhari Singh Dinkar]], poet | ||
*[[Udit Narayan Singh]] of Shakarpura Raj [[Zamindari]]- local benefactor | * [[Monazir Hassan]] -four-time MLA from Munger and one-time [[Member of parliament (India)|member of the Indian Parliament]] in 15th Lok Sabha (2009 to 2014) and represented [[Begusarai]] ([[Begusarai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lok Sabha constituency]]).<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 July 2018|first=Madan |last=Kumar|title=Former MP Monazir Hassan returns to JD(U) after a gap of four years|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/former-mp-monazir-hassan-returns-to-jdu-after-a-gap-of-four-years/articleshow/64831131.cms|access-date=12 November 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[Niranjanananda Saraswati]], yoga Guru | * [[Kumar Suresh Singh]], Director-General of [[Anthropological Survey of India]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Scholar of society|newspaper=Frontline|volume=23|issue=12|date=30 June 2006|url=http://www.flonnet.com/fl2312/stories/20060630006312500.htm|first=T. K.|last=Rajalakshmi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611204439/http://www.flonnet.com/fl2312/stories/20060630006312500.htm|archive-date=11 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
*[[Satyananda Saraswati]], founder of [[Bihar School of Yoga]] | * [[Shri Krishna Sinha]], first [[List of Chief Ministers of Bihar|Chief Minister of Bihar]] and a freedom fighter | ||
* [[Udit Narayan Singh]] of Shakarpura Raj [[Zamindari]]- local benefactor | |||
* [[Niranjanananda Saraswati]], yoga Guru | |||
* [[Satyananda Saraswati]], founder of [[Bihar School of Yoga]] | |||
* [[Ramdeo Singh Yadav]] - three times MLA and Co-operative Minister, Government of Bihar. | |||
== See also == | |||
* [[Anga (region)|Anga region]] | |||
* [[Angika]] | |||
* [[Manjusha Art]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} | {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} | ||
== Bibliography == | |||
{{refbegin}} | |||
* {{Cite book |last=O'malley |first=L. S. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ONw8apR5mVYC&q=Bakhtiyar's+Conquest+of+Bihar |title=Bihar And Orissa District Gazetteers : Monghyr |date=2007 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7268-135-7 |language=en}} | |||
{{refend}} | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{NIE Poster|Monghyr}} | {{NIE Poster|Monghyr}} | ||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20151219044930/http://www.munger.bih.nic.in/ Munger | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20151219044930/http://www.munger.bih.nic.in/ Munger district-official website] (archived) | ||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150506061511/http://munger.nic.in/ Munger | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150506061511/http://munger.nic.in/ Munger official national website] (archived) | ||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170914174802/http://ceo.bihar.gov.in/electorsearchnew/ Election commission] | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20170914174802/http://ceo.bihar.gov.in/electorsearchnew/ Election commission] (archived) | ||
{{Munger district}} | |||
{{Munger Division}} | {{Munger Division}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
| Line 209: | Line 268: | ||
[[Category:Cities and towns in Anga Desh]] | [[Category:Cities and towns in Anga Desh]] | ||
[[Category:Cities and towns in Munger district]] | [[Category:Cities and towns in Munger district]] | ||
Latest revision as of 11:32, 2 March 2026
Munger | |
|---|---|
City | |
| Nickname: Yoga Nagri[1] | |
  Munger Location in Bihar, India  Munger Munger (India) | |
| Coordinates: 25°22′52″N 86°27′54″E / 25.381°N 86.465°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Bihar |
| District | Munger |
| Established | 1834 |
| Founded by | Chandragupta II |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Corporation |
| • Body | Munger Nagar Nigam |
| • Mayor | Kumkum Devi |
| • Municipal Commissioner | Sivakshi Dixit (IAS) |
| • MLA,Munger | Pranav Kumar (BJP) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 89 km2 (34 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 43 m (141 ft) |
| Population (2011)[3] | |
| • Total | 213,101 |
| • Rank | 11th in Bihar |
| • Density | 2,400/km2 (6,200/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Mungeri |
| Language | |
| • Official | Hindi[4] |
| • Additional official | Urdu[4] |
| • Regional | Hindi, English, Angika, Maithili[5] |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 811201 to 811214 , 813201[6] |
| Telephone code | +91-6344 |
| Vehicle registration | BR-08 |
| Website | munger |
Munger, formerly spelt as Monghyr,[7] is a twin city and a Municipal Corporation situated in the Indian state of Bihar.[8] It is the administrative headquarters of Munger district and Munger Division. Munger was one of the major cities in Eastern India and undivided Bengal during Mughal period and British Raj. It is one of the major political, cultural, educational and commercial centers of Bihar and Eastern India. Munger is situated about 180 km (110 mi) east of capital city Patna, about 480 km (300 mi) west of Eastern India's largest city Kolkata and 1,200 km (750 mi) from country's capital New Delhi.
Historically, Munger is known for being an ancient seat of rule. The twin city comprises Munger and Jamalpur situated on the southern bank of the river Ganges.[9] It is situated 8 km (5.0 mi) from Jamalpur Junction, 180 km (110 mi) east of capital city Patna and 430 km (270 mi) from Kolkata the capital of West Bengal.
Munger is said to have been founded by the Guptas (4th century CE) and contains a fort that houses the tomb of the Muslim saint Shah Mushk Nafā (died 1497). In 1763, the Nawab of Bengal Mir Qasim made Munger his capital and built an arsenal and several palaces. It was constituted a municipality in 1864.
History[edit | edit source]
In classical period (4th-5th century), Munger was known as "Guptagadh" or "Guptagarh". The inscription was found inscribed on a rock at the kasta-harani ghat at the north-western side of the present fort.[10] Guptagadh was founded by Chandragupta Vikramaditya.[11] In early medieval times, Munger was known as Mudgagiri (Sanskrit Mudgagiri, with no diacritics).[12]:121 The name is derived from Sanskrit mudga, referring to the mung bean, plus giri, meaning hill.[13]:355, 822 Mudgagiri was a royal residence of the Pala Empire. Sometime in the mid-800s, there was a significant battle fought at Mudgagiri between the Palas (possibly under Narayanapala) and the Pratiharas, possibly under Mihira Bhoja. Another Pratihara dynast, a feudatory ruler named Kakka, also took part in the battle, which was part of a Pratihara invasion of Bengal. Later, Munger was mentioned (as Mudgiri) as the residence of the Pala ruler Ramapala. In the 1100s, Mudgagiri seems to have been under Sena rule. A copper plate grant of the Gahadavala ruler Govindachandra indicates that he advanced as far as Mudgagiri in April 1146, and bathed in the Ganges here on the day of Akshaya Tritiya. According to R. D. Banerji, Govindachandra was likely leading a military expedition to Bengal at that point, and the expedition was evidently unsuccessful, leaving eastern Magadha under Sena control.[14]:59, 92, 107
Historically, Munger was located at a strategic bottleneck controlling the main route into Bengal from the west. To the south, travel was impeded by the steep hills; to the north, the numerous Ganges tributaries were the main obstacle.[15]:258
In the end of 12th century, Munger alongside with Patna was conquered by Bakhtiyar Khalji. The region served as a province of Bengal until 1330 before its annexation by Muhammad Tughlaq. From 1397 Munger was part of the Jaunpur Sultanate till Sikander Lodi overrun Bihar before 1499. Treaty was concluded between Delhi and Bengal, which allowed Alauddin Hussain Shah to retain the region of Bihar. In 1521, Nusrat Shah annexed few forts of Munger. Later it was captured by Sher Shah Suri. From 1545 till Akbar's invasion of Bengal, Munger remained in the hands of Karrani dynasty. The region remained under Muslim rule until British occupation of Bihar in 1760's.[16]
Maharshi Nagendranath Bhaduri pursued intense spiritual practices in solitude, especially Hathayoga and Pranayam, in a lonely cave in Monghyr and attained salvation there.[17] He also known as Bhaduri Mahasaya, was an Indian yogi famously referred to as "The Levitating Saint" by Paramahansa Yogananda in his book Autobiography of a Yogi.The chapter which describes Bhaduri Mahasaya is titled "The Levitating Saint".[18]
Geography[edit | edit source]
Climate[edit | edit source]
The climate of Munger is subtropical (warm in summer and cold during winter). The Köppen climate classification sub-type for this climate is humid subtropical.[19]
| Climate data for Munger, India | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 23.5 (74.3) |
26.4 (79.6) |
32.5 (90.5) |
37.0 (98.6) |
37.9 (100.3) |
35.5 (95.9) |
31.9 (89.4) |
31.2 (88.1) |
31.5 (88.7) |
30.8 (87.5) |
27.7 (81.9) |
24.2 (75.6) |
30.8 (87.5) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 9.4 (48.9) |
11.9 (53.4) |
16.9 (62.4) |
21.8 (71.3) |
24.6 (76.3) |
25.4 (77.7) |
24.9 (76.8) |
24.8 (76.6) |
24.2 (75.5) |
20.9 (69.7) |
14.4 (57.9) |
10 (50) |
19.1 (66.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 15 (0.6) |
18 (0.7) |
13 (0.5) |
13 (0.5) |
41 (1.6) |
170 (6.8) |
300 (11.7) |
280 (11) |
230 (8.9) |
81 (3.2) |
5.1 (0.2) |
2.5 (0.1) |
1,160 (45.7) |
| Source: weatherbase[19] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[edit | edit source]
As per 2011 census, Munger Municipal Corporation has a total population of 213,101 out of which 113,173 were males and 99,928 were females. It had a sex ratio of 883. The population between 0 and 6 years was 29,260. The literacy rate of the 7+ population was 81.83 per cent.[20]
Economy[edit | edit source]
Munger, along with Jamalpur are the major industrial cities in Bihar.[22] Munger is also one of the most prosperous cities in Bihar with a per capita income of INR 42,793 in FY 2020–21.[23]
Indian Railways operates of Asia's largest and oldest railway workshops at Jamalpur. This was set up by the British Raj in 1862.[24]
Munger has also ITC Factory established by the British. Ordinance Gun Factory Munger, ITC Milk Dairy and many others.[1]
Culture[edit | edit source]
Munger is known for Sita Manpatthar (Sita charan) Sitacharan temple situated on a boulder in the middle of the Ganges in Munger (Anga Region) is the main center of public faith regarding Chhath festival. It is believed that Mata Sita performed the Chhath festival in Munger. It was only after this that Chhath Mahaparv started. That is why Chhath Mahaparva is celebrated with great pomp in Munger.[25] Munger is also famous for Durga Puja Mahotsav which is celebrated for 10 days. The first nine days are celebrated with great fervor across the city. On the 10th day evening, one side rushes to the Polo Grounds for Ravan Badh, while the other side prepares for a unique ritual known as "Shobha Yatra." The “Shobha Yatra of Badi Durga of Shadipur” marks the importance of Badi Durga of Munger all over the country. People from all over the city join this yatra, and the deity is immersed early in the morning in the holy river Ganges.
Places of interest[edit | edit source]
- Munger Fort, covers an area of around 222 acres (90 ha)
- Munger Museum
- Chandika Asthan, a sacred Shakti-Peeth
- Kastaharni Ghat on the Ganges
- Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary
- Bihar School of Yoga
- Sita Kund hotspring[26]
- Rishi Kund hotspring[27][28]
- Pir Pahar[29][28]
- Jai Prakash Udyaan / Company Garden [28]
- Dolphin ECO Park for the conservation of Gangetic river dolphin.[30]
- Mir Qasim's Tunnel[31]
- Peer Shah Nafah Shrine[32]
- Haveli Kharagpur Jheel (Lake) [28]
- Raja Rani Park
- Goenka Shivalaya / Machli Talab [33][28]
Transport[edit | edit source]
Rail[edit | edit source]
Munger has two railway stations: Jamalpur Junction and Munger Railway Station. The former is the main railhead for the city while the latter, which was earlier called Purabsarai Railway Station, acts as suburban facility. Stations are connected with Sahibganj Loop.
The rail system provides connection to cities such as New Delhi, Mumbai,Surat, Yesvantpur Junction, Jamshedpur, Jammu Tawi, Dibrugarh, Guwahati, Lucknow, Patna, Ranchi, Agartala, Hyderabad, Deoghar Junction, Muzaffarpur Junction and Dhanbad. The Munger Ganga Bridge, which takes both rail and road-traffic, connects Munger to the nearby cities of Begusarai, Saharsa Junction, Katihar and Khagaria Junction as well as various districts of North Bihar.[34] The bridge is the third-largest rail-cum-road bridge in India.[35]
Road[edit | edit source]
Munger is connected to major parts of India by various National and State Highways. The major cities of Bihar and Jharkhand - such as Patna, Ranchi, Bhagalpur, Purnia, Katihar, Bihar sharif, Muzaffarpur, Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, Gaya, Bokaro and Darbhanga - can be reached by 
NH 33, 
NH 333B, 
NH 333A, 
NH 31 and 
NH 333 and various state Highways. Regular bus service are provided by BSRTC for all the major cities and other destinations. Citybuses, Taxies, Autorikshaw, E-Rickshaw, etc. are available all the times in the entire city for transportation.
The Munger Ganga Bridge links Munger to various districts of North Bihar and north-eastern India by 2021.[citation needed]
Air[edit | edit source]
Munger Airport is located in Safyabad, which is 5 km from Munger. It was re-inaugurated by Chief Minister Nitish Kumar on 24 May 2016.[36][37] Munger has no international airport with commercial service. Domestic airport with commercial service is Jay Prakash Narayan Airport in Patna around 180 km away, which is served by all major airlines.
The nearest international airport is Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport in Kolkata, which is around 480 km away.
Education[edit | edit source]
- Bihar School of Yoga,established in 1964 by Satyananda Saraswati.
- Biswanath Singh Institute of Legal Studies
- Government Engineering College, Munger
- Indian Railway Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
- Jagjivan Ram Shramik Mahavidyalaya, general degree college[38]
- Munger Forestry College[39]
- Munger University
Notable people[edit | edit source]
- Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay, Bengali writer, lawyer and script-writer in Hindi films.
- Nandalal Bose, sculptor and painter
- George Browne, 6th Marquess of Sligo (1856–1935), Anglo-Irish aristocrat, born in Munger
- Mona Das - Washington State Senate
- Brahmanand Mandal - Former MP from Munger Lok Sabha constituency
- Muhammad Ali Mungeri, Indian Muslim scholar, founder Nadwatul Ulama
- Minnatullah Rahmani First General Secretary of All India Muslim Personal Law Board
- Wali Rahmani - General Secretary of All India Muslim Personal Law Board of India
- Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, poet
- Monazir Hassan -four-time MLA from Munger and one-time member of the Indian Parliament in 15th Lok Sabha (2009 to 2014) and represented Begusarai (Lok Sabha constituency).[40]
- Kumar Suresh Singh, Director-General of Anthropological Survey of India[41]
- Shri Krishna Sinha, first Chief Minister of Bihar and a freedom fighter
- Udit Narayan Singh of Shakarpura Raj Zamindari- local benefactor
- Niranjanananda Saraswati, yoga Guru
- Satyananda Saraswati, founder of Bihar School of Yoga
- Ramdeo Singh Yadav - three times MLA and Co-operative Minister, Government of Bihar.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Economy | Munger District, Government of Bihar | India". munger.nic.in. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ↑ "Munger City" (PDF). nagarseva.bihar.gov.in. Retrieved 22 November 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "Census of India Search details". censusindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
- ↑ "language | Munger District, Government of Bihar | India". munger.nic.in. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
- ↑ "MUNGER Pin Code - 811201, Munger All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search MUNGER Post Office Address". ABP Live. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
- ↑ Kerkhoff, Kathinka Sinha (2014). Colonising Plants in Bihar (1760-1950). PartridgeIndia. p. 229. ISBN 978-1-4828-3911-1.
- ↑ "CDP Munger" (PDF). Urban department, Government of Bihar. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ "CDP Jamalpur" (PDF). Urban Department, Government of Bihar. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ Sahai, Bhagwant (1983), "The Monghyr Stone Inscription of Chandragupta II", The Inscriptions of Bihar, University of California
- ↑ Chowdhry, Babu Ram (1959), Hand-book on India for Political Workers, University of California
- ↑ Pandey, Akash; Sen, Sushmita; Maurya, Rahul (2024). "Mudgagiri, a Pāla "Jayaskandhāvāra": An Assessment of Recent Sculptural and Inscriptional Findings at Munger, Bihar". South Asian Studies. 40 (2): 121–43. doi:10.1080/02666030.2024.2391633. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
- ↑ Monier-Williams, Monier (1899). A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Banerji, Rakhal Das (1915). The Pālas of Bengal. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
- ↑ Wink, André (1997). Al-Hind: the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol. II: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11th-13th Centuries. The Netherlands: Brill. ISBN 9004102361.
- ↑ O'malley 2007, pp. 33–37; 47
- ↑ Companions and Followers of Ramakrishna. Kolkata: Advaita Ashrama. p. 381. ISBN 978-81-7505-360-1.
- ↑ Yogananda, Paramahansa, Autobiography of a Yogi, Los Angeles, CA: Self-Realization Fellowship, 1946, Chapter 7.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 "weatherbase.com". weatherbase. 2014. Archived from the original on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017. Retrieved on 8 April 2014.
- ↑ "Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ "Census of india:Socio-cultural aspects". Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs. Retrieved 9 March 2014.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "About Hajipur". www.HajipurOnline.in. Archived from the original on 19 October 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
- ↑ Chaudhary, Pranav (27 February 2023). "Patna, Begusarai, Munger emerge most prosperous districts of Bihar". The Statesman. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
- ↑ Kumod Verma (28 November 2013). "Minister releases stamp on Jamalpur railway workshop". Times of India. TNN. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ "Sitacharan Temple." Live Hindustan.livehindustan.com". 8 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
- ↑ "Sita Kund | Munger District, Government of Bihar | India". Retrieved 1 November 2020.
- ↑ "कुदरत का करिश्मा, ठंड में भी यहां बहता है गर्म पानी". Hindustan (in हिन्दी). 13 October 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 Bihar, Incredible Munger (28 December 2018). "10 best places to visit in Munger during new year". IM-BIHAR. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
- ↑ Bihar, Incredible Munger (25 March 2020). "Pir Pahar: The heritage site of Munger, Bihar". IM-BIHAR. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
- ↑ "मुंगेर में इको पार्क का आनंद ले सकेंगे पर्यटक". Hindustan (in हिन्दी). 5 October 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
- ↑ "Mir Kasim Tunnel | Munger District, Government of Bihar | India". Retrieved 1 November 2020.
- ↑ "Pir Shah Nafah Shrine | Munger District, Government of Bihar | India". Retrieved 1 November 2020.
- ↑ "Goyanka Shivalaya (Mirchi Talab) | Munger District, Government of Bihar | India". Retrieved 1 November 2020.
- ↑ Kumod Verma (15 April 2013). "Munger bridge likely to be operational by 2014 year end". The Times of India. TNN. Archived from the original on 8 December 2014. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ "Top ten rail road bridges in india". Walk Through India. 3 October 2012. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ↑ "मुख्यमंत्री ने हवाई अड्डा टर्मिनल का किया उद्घाटन". Dainik Jagran (in हिन्दी). Munger. 24 May 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
- ↑ Kashi Prasad (19 May 2016). "Nitish to open renovated airstrip". The Times of India. Munger. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
- ↑ "Constituent Colleges Under T. M. Bhagalpur University". Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
- ↑ "बिहार के इस जिले में बनकर तैयार हुआ राज्य का पहला वानिकी कॉलेज, जल्द ही इन विषयों की पढ़ाई होगी शुरू". Prabhat Khabar (in हिन्दी). 7 January 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ↑ Kumar, Madan (2 July 2018). "Former MP Monazir Hassan returns to JD(U) after a gap of four years". The Times of India. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
- ↑ Rajalakshmi, T. K. (30 June 2006). "Scholar of society". Frontline. Vol. 23, no. 12. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011.
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
- O'malley, L. S. S. (2007). Bihar And Orissa District Gazetteers : Monghyr. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-7268-135-7.
External links[edit | edit source]
- Munger district-official website (archived)
- Munger official national website (archived)
- Election commission (archived)