Daman district, India: Difference between revisions

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{{Multiple issues|{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}
{{Dispute about|1=the inclusion of an alternative name of the district|date=February 2024}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Daman district
| name               = Daman district
| other_name              =
| settlement_type   = [[Districts of India|District]]
| settlement_type         = [[Districts of India|District]]
| image_skyline     =  
| image_skyline           =
| image_alt         =  
| image_alt               =
| image_caption     =  
| image_caption           =
| nickname           =  
| nickname               =
| map_alt           =  
| map_alt                 =
| map_caption       =  
| map_caption             =
| pushpin_map       = India#India Gujarat
| pushpin_map = India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt   =  
| pushpin_map_alt         =
| pushpin_map_caption = Daman district headquarters
| pushpin_map_caption = Daman district headquarters
| coordinates             = {{coord|20.41|N|72.89|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates       = {{coord|20.41|N|72.89|E|display=inline,title}}
| seat_type             = Headquarters
| seat_type         = Headquarters
| seat                   = [[Daman, India|Daman]]
| seat               = [[Daman, India|Daman]]
| subdivision_type       = Country
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name  = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_name  = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1= [[States and territories of India|Union territory]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|Union territory]]
| subdivision_name1= {{flagicon image|Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu emblem.png}} [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu emblem.png}} [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
| subdivision_type2 = Tehsil
| subdivision_type2 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name2 = [[Daman Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Daman Tehsil]]
| established_title  = <!-- Established -->
| established_title  = <!-- Established -->
| established_date =
| established_date   =  
| founder =
| founder           =  
| named_for =
| named_for         =  
| government_type =
| government_type   =  
| governing_body         =
| governing_body     =  
| unit_pref               = Metric
| unit_pref         = Metric
| area_footnotes         =
| area_footnotes     =  
| area_rank               =
| area_rank         =  
| area_total_km2         = 72
| area_total_km2     = 72
| elevation_footnotes     =
| elevation_footnotes =  
| elevation_m             = 0
| elevation_m       = 0
| population_total       = 191173
| population_total   = 191173
| population_as_of       = 2011 Census
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_rank         =
| population_rank   =  
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym     =
| population_demonym =  
| population_footnotes   =
| population_footnotes =  
| demographics_type1     = Languages
| demographics_type1 = Languages<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |page=87 |title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |date=29 March 2016 |access-date=15 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date=25 May 2017 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1= [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[English language|English]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1=[[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| demographics1_info2 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] -->
| timezone1         = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| postal_code   =
| utc_offset1       = +5:30
| registration_plate =
| postal_code_type   = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] -->
| blank1_name_sec1= [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| postal_code       =  
| blank1_info_sec1= 1.69 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| registration_plate =  
| website = http://daman.nic.in/
| blank1_name_sec1   = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| footnotes =
| blank1_info_sec1   = 1.69 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website           = http://daman.nic.in/
| footnotes         =  
| leader_title      = District Collector
| leader_name        = Rakesh Minhas, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
}}
}}


'''Daman''' {{IPAc-en|d|@|'|m|ɑː|n}} is one of the three [[Districts of Daman and Diu|district]]s of the [[union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]<ref>https://indusdictum.com/2019/12/04/dadra-nagar-haveli-and-daman-diu-uts-merge-for-better-admin-efficiency-service-mos-home/</ref> on the western coast of [[India]], surrounded by [[Valsad district]] of [[Gujarat]] state on the north, east and south and the Arabian Sea to the west. The district has an area of {{convert|72|km2|sqmi}},<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Daman and Diu: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1216 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}<!--| access-date = 2011-10-11 --></ref> and a population of 191,173 at the 2011 census, an increase of 69.256% from the preceding 2001 Census. The district headquarters is [[Daman, India|Daman]].
'''Daman district''' ({{IPA|en|də'mɑːn|lang}}, {{ipa|gu|d̪əmən|lang}}) (formerly '''Distrito de Damão''')<ref>{{cite web | url=https://modeindia.co.in/special_days/establishment-day-of-dadra-nagar-haveli/ | title=Establishment Day of Dadra & Nagar Haveli – MoDe India }}</ref> is one of three [[Districts of Daman and Diu|district]]s of the Indian [[union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indusdictum.com/2019/12/04/dadra-nagar-haveli-and-daman-diu-uts-merge-for-better-admin-efficiency-service-mos-home/|title=Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu UTs Merge for 'better Admin Efficiency, Service': MoS Home|date=4 December 2019|access-date=4 December 2019|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111061240/https://indusdictum.com/2019/12/04/dadra-nagar-haveli-and-daman-diu-uts-merge-for-better-admin-efficiency-service-mos-home/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is located on the west coast of [[India]] and is surrounded by the [[Valsad district]] of [[Gujarat]] to the north, east, and south; and by the Arabian Sea to the west. The district covers an area of 72 square kilometers (28 sq mi)<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | editor1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Daman and Diu: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1216 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}<!--| access-date = 2011-10-11 --></ref> and had a population of 191,173 as of the 2011 census, an increase of 69.256% from the 2001 census. The district headquarters is [[Daman, India|Daman]]. The territorial headquarters were previously in [[Panjim]] when it was jointly administered as [[Goa, Daman and Diu|Goa, Daman, and Diu]] until the time of the [[Konkani language agitation]].


Daman lies at the mouth of the [[Daman Ganga River]].  Major industries have units here. The closest railway station is [[Vapi]] (7&nbsp;km). It is also famous for its beach, [[Portuguese architecture|Portuguese colonial architecture]], churches, and for the scenic beauty in the twin towns of Nani-Daman and Moti-Daman, which lie opposite each other across the Daman Ganga. The city of [[Surat]] lies to the north, and [[Mumbai]] lies approximately 160&nbsp;km (100&nbsp;mi) south of Daman on the Arabian Sea coast in [[Maharashtra]] state.
Daman lies at the mouth of the [[Daman Ganga River]]. The closest railway station is [[Vapi railway station|Vapi]], which is 7&nbsp;km away. [[Surat]] is to the north, and [[Mumbai]] is approximately 160&nbsp;km (100&nbsp;mi) to the south in the [[Konkan division]] of Maharashtra.


==History==
==History==
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2013}}
The edict of Emperor Ashoka (273 to 136 BC) was found in Saurashtra and Sopara near Bombay. The Satraps under the Kushana emperor seem to have ruled over Daman District during the 1st century AD. Coins of Bhumaka and Nahapan, the Kshaharata rulers, were discovered in the surrounding areas of Surat District. Ushavadatta, Nahapan's son-in-law, is said to have provided ferries on the Dhanuha, Dhamana, Parada, and Tapi rivers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Panchayati Raj-DAMAN AND DIU - National Panchayat Portal - Govt. of India |url=https://www.dddp.gov.in/hidden/-/asset_publisher/KbMoGURN0GPL/content/about-daman-diu/7575491 |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=www.dddp.gov.in |archive-date=13 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113081025/https://www.dddp.gov.in/hidden/-/asset_publisher/KbMoGURN0GPL/content/about-daman-diu/7575491 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The edict of the Emperor Ashoka (273 to 136 BC) was found in Saurashtra and Sopara near Bombay. Satrya Kshatrapas under the Kushana emperor seemed to have ruled over Daman District during the 1st century, AD. The coins of Bhumaka and Nahapan, the kshaharata rulers were discovered in the surrounding areas of Surat District. Ushavadatta, son-in-law of Nahapan, is said to have provided ferries on rivers Dhanuha Dhamana, Parada and Tapi.


This is the earliest reference of these rivers and the names of the places, i.e. Dahanu, Daman and Pardi, remained unchanged for the last 2000 years. The District seems to have been subjected to the rule of Gautamaputra Satakarnin, about 125 AD, who drove away the Kshaharatas. But Satavahana's rule was short lived.
The river's names—Dahanu, Daman, and Pardi—have remained unchanged for the last 2,000 years. The district seems to have been subjected to the rule of Gautamiputra Satakarni around 125 AD, who drove away the Kshaharatas. However, the Satavahana's rule was short-lived.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daman and Diu Geography of Daman and Diu Culture of Daman and Diu Cuisine of Daman and Diu Places of interest in Daman and Diu Geographic coordinate of Daman and Diu |url=https://www.brandbharat.com/english/daman_diu/index_dnd.html |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=www.brandbharat.com}}</ref>
[[File:Damão, Dadra, Nagar Haveli.png|thumb|left|The territory of Daman during the Portuguese colonial period]]
[[File:Damão, Dadra, Nagar Haveli.png|thumb|left|The territory of Daman during the Portuguese colonial period]]
Rudraman I, grandson of Chastan of Kadamaka branch of Kshatrapas reconquered a large part of Western India including the seaboard from the river Mahi in Gujarat to Ratnagiri by about 150 AD from Satavahana ruler, Satakarni, and Daman district again passed under the rule of Kshatrapa Vijayasen (234-239 AD) who seems to have ruled over the district till 249 AD. Abhir king Ishwarasena of Nasik, who conquered the western part of the Deccan from the Satavahanas seems to have been laid by Gautamaputra Yajnashri, campaigns the Kshatrapas from 180 to 200 AD.
Govinda III handed over the Lata kingdom to his brother Indra around 808 AD, giving him the title Lateswaramandalasya or the Protector of Latamandala. Indra was succeeded by his son Karka, who seems to have ruled Latamandala jointly with his brother Govinda until 826. Druva II, son of Karka, ascended the throne around 835 and was succeeded by Akalavarsha in 867. The district passed to Tailappa II of the Chalukyas of Kalyani in 973. Tailappa II placed the Lata country in the hands of his relative and general Barrpa alias Dvarappa Chalukya.


The District seems to have been subjected to the rule of traikutakas during the 5th century, AD. The Lata Country was ruled by Rashtrakutas of Malkhed in the Deccan directly till 808 by the successors, Govinda II (575- 795 AD), Druvaraja - I (795-800) and Govinda III (800-808).
The Portuguese acquired Daman from the Shah of Gujarat. They first noticed the port of Daman in 1523. Daman was a Portuguese enclave for four and a half centuries until the end of colonial rule in 1961. Daman has been a coveted prize, for which princes, monarchs, and alien powers waged wars. Muted memories of history lie vaulted in the monuments of Daman. It had been a melting pot where races and cultures met and mixed to bring forth a multi-coloured identity.<ref>http://rguir.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/16841/1/9781984668172.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.daman.nic.in/about-daman.asp | title=Official Website of U.T. Administration of Daman & Diu - India }}</ref>


Govinda III handed over the Lata kingdom to his brother Indra about 808 and was given the title Lateswaramandalasya or the protector of Latamandala. Indra was succeeded by his son Karka who seems to have ruled Latamandala with his brother, Govinda jointly till 826. Druva II, son of Karka came to the throne about 835 and was succeeded by Akalavarsha in 867. The District was passed to Tailappa II of the Chalupas of Kalyani in 973. Tailappa II placed Lata Country in the hands of his relative and general Barrpa alias Dvarappa Chalukya. By the middle of the 13th century, a Rajput prince Ramsingh alias Ramashah seems to have defeated the [[Koli People|koli]] chief [[Nathorat]] and established himself in the hilly tract at Asheri of Asserseta near Daman about 1262. Ramsingh was succeeded by his son Somanath in 1295. The newly founded Ramnagar at the foot of the ghats flourished under Somnath (1335-1360) and Daram shah (1360-1391). Jagatshah succeeded Gopushah and ruled during 1432 to 1470. The Portuguese from Shah of Gujarat acquired Daman. They noticed the port of Daman for the first time in 1523. A Portuguese enclave for four centuries and a half till the close of the colonial rule in 1961; Daman has been a coveted prize for which princes, monarchs and alien powers waged wars. Muted memories of history lie vaulted in the monuments of Daman. It had been a melting pot, where races and cultures met and mixed to bring forth a multi-coloured identity.
<!-- Please read [[MOS:PARA]] in relation to this line through "union territory of Daman and Diu" -->On 3 November 2019, Daman [[District magistrate|Collector]] Rakesh Minhas issued a [[Unlawful assembly#India|Section 144]] order banning the peaceful assembly of four or more persons, slogan-shouting, and the use of loudspeakers across the entire district. Additionally, he ordered the conversion of two high schools into "temporary jails"<ref>{{Cite web|last=The Wire|first=Staff|date=4 November 2019|title=Daman: Section 144 Imposed, Two Government Schools Converted Into 'Temporary Jails'|url=https://thewire.in/rights/section-144-daman-protests-evictions|access-date=2021-03-02|website=The Wire|language=en}}</ref> in response to a land ownership dispute between the local indigenous fishing community and the [[List of administrators of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|local administration]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Express|first=News Service|date=5 November 2019|title=Demolition of houses: Section 144 in Daman after residents protest|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/demolition-of-houses-section-144-in-daman-after-residents-protest-6103699/|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> who had confiscated their land and bulldozed their homes. The ensuing [[2019 Daman Indigenous Land Clearing Protests]] resulted in the detention of 70 protesters in the 'temporary jails' and another 8 arrests. While a few of the [[adivasi]] fisherfolk were rehoused, most were left traumatized and homeless.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Uppal|first=Jas|date=6 January 2020|title=Daman – Land and Property Owned by the Fishing Communities Confiscated and Homes Demolished|url=https://www.justiceupheld.org.uk/daman-land-and-property-owned-by-the-fishing-communities-confiscated-and-homes-demolished/|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Justice Upheld|language=en}}</ref>
 
Daman was occupied by the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] in 1531, and was formally ceded to [[Portugal]] in 1539 by the [[Sultan of Gujarat]].
 
Mirroring the system of administrative division in European Portugal, Daman district (''Distrito de Damão'') was established as an administrative division of the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese State of India]] (''Estado da Índia'') in the first half of the 19th century. The District was made up of the Portuguese territories of Daman, [[Dadra, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Dadra]] and [[Nagar Haveli]]. It was headed by a district governor, subordinate to the [[governor-general]] of Portuguese India in [[Goa]]. The district was divided in the two municipalities of Daman and [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli|Nagar Haveli]], which were further subdivided into [[parish (administrative division)|civil parishes]].
 
The [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] landlocked parts of the Daman district were [[Indian annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli|occupied by pro-Indian Union forces in 1954]]. In 1961, Dadra and Nagar Haveli was officially [[annexation|annexed]] by India, forming a union territory separated from Daman.
 
The rest of the District remained under [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese rule]] until it was [[Operation Vijay (1961)|annexed by Indian forces on 19 December 1961]]. From 1961-87, it was a part of the union territory of [[Goa, Daman and Diu]]. In 1987, it became a part of the newly formed [[Daman and Diu|union territory of Daman and Diu]].
 
On 3 November 2019, Daman [[District magistrate|Collector]] [https://ddd.gov.in/directory/shri-rakesh-minhas-ias-2/  Rakesh Minhas] issued a [[Unlawful assembly#India|Section 144]] order banning peaceful assembly of four or more persons, slogan-shouting and the use of loudspeakers across the entire district and ordered the conversion of [https://goo.gl/maps/fb4KnjWqbmhGsjZo7|Government High School, Bhimpore] and the [https://goo.gl/maps/bvsP33of3AqSs7vX8|Government Sarvottam High School, Moti Daman] into 'temporary jails'.<ref>{{Cite web|last=The Wire|first=Staff|date=4 November 2019|title=Daman: Section 144 Imposed, Two Government Schools Converted Into 'Temporary Jails'|url=https://thewire.in/rights/section-144-daman-protests-evictions|access-date=2021-03-02|website=The Wire|language=en}}</ref> This was in response to a land ownership dispute between the local indigenous fishing community and the [[List of administrators of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|local administration]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Express|first=News Service|date=5 November 2019|title=Demolition of houses: Section 144 in Daman after residents protest|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/demolition-of-houses-section-144-in-daman-after-residents-protest-6103699/|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> that had confiscated their land and bulldozed their homes. The ensuing [[2019 Daman Indigenous Land Clearing Protests]] resulted with the detention of 70 protesters in the 'temporary jails' and another 8 arrests. Few of the [[adivasi]] fisherfolk were rehoused whilst most languished traumatised and homeless on the streets near the rubble of their razed homes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Uppal|first=Jas|date=6 January 2020|title=Daman – Land and Property Owned by the Fishing Communities Confiscated and Homes Demolished|url=https://www.justiceupheld.org.uk/daman-land-and-property-owned-by-the-fishing-communities-confiscated-and-homes-demolished/|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Justice Upheld|language=en}}</ref>
 
==Divisions==
Daman district has only one tehsil - [[Daman Tehsil|Daman]]. The territory of the whole district is part of Daman and Diu [[Lok Sabha]] constituency.


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
The district is infamous for having the least balanced sex ratio in the country. According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Daman District, India has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 191,173,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Samoa]].<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison: Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote =Samoa 193,161
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], the Daman district had a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 191,173,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Samoa]],<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison: Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote =Samoa 193,161
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 592nd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 2655 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 69.256%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Daman has a [[sex ratio]] of 533 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1,000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 88.06%.<ref name=districtcensus/>
}}</ref> which ranked it 592nd out of [[Districts of India|640]] districts in India.<ref name="districtcensus" /> The district has a population density of {{convert|2655|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade from 2001 to 2011 was 69.256%.<ref name=districtcensus/> The district reported 533 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1,000 males<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 88.06%.<ref name=districtcensus/>


==Transport==
==Transport==
Daman is connected by roads and is 12&nbsp;km from Vapi, 125&nbsp;km from Surat, and 195&nbsp;km from Mumbai. [[Vapi railway station]] on the [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]] is the station nearest to Daman, and connects to all major cities. [[Daman Airport]] has a Coast Guard air base.
A bridge over the Daman Ganga River between Moti Daman and Nani Daman collapsed during the monsoon on 28 August 2003, killing 27 school children and one teacher when their vehicles plunged into the river.<ref>{{cite news|title=24 Killed in Daman Bridge Collapse|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030829/main5.htm|access-date=18 December 2012|newspaper=The Tribune|date=28 August 2003|location=Chandigarh}}</ref> A new bridge was constructed at a cost of about 90 million rupees, but it partially collapsed in August 2004; no casualties occurred in this incident. The collapse was attributed to heavy flooding of the Daman Ganga River.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=239932 |title=Part of Daman bridge collapses, no {{sic|casua|lities|nolink=y}} |access-date=24 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202162924/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=239932 |archive-date=2 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050731/spectrum/main2.htm Ervell E. Menezes, "Lotus of the marshlands", ''The Tribune'' (31 July 2005)]</ref>
 
A bridge over the Daman Ganga between Moti Daman and Nani Daman collapsed during a monsoon on 28 August 2003, killing 27 school children and one teacher when their vehicles plunged into the river.<ref>[http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/part-of-daman-bridge-collapses--no-casualities/239932  "Part of Daman bridge collapses, no casualities" (sic), ''Outlook'' (Aug 03, 2004)]</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=24 Killed in Daman Bridge Collapse|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030829/main5.htm|access-date=18 December 2012|newspaper=The Tribune|date=28 August 2003|location=Chandigarh}}</ref> A new bridge was constructed at a cost of about 90 million rupees, but that partially collapsed in August 2004. No casualties occurred. The collapse was attributed to heavy flooding on river Damanganga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=239932 |title=Archived copy |access-date=24 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202162924/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=239932 |archive-date=2 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050731/spectrum/main2.htm Ervell E. Menezes, "Lotus of the marshlands", ''The Tribune'' (31 July 2005)]</ref>
Now the new bridge, known as Rajeev Gandhi Setu for Heavy Vehicles, has been completed, and the old bridges are to be kept closed forever.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
 
== Education ==
In Daman, the most popular schools are Divya Jyoti English Higher Secondary School, Institute of Our Lady of Fátima located in Moti Daman, Coast Guard Public School in Nani Daman, Sarvajanik Vidyalaya in Nani Daman, Shri Macchi Mahajan High School in Nani Daman, and other government institutions. There is also a college named [[Government College, Daman]] which has most of the educational facilities.


== Sister cities ==
== Sister cities ==
[[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]] is a [[twin towns and sister cities|twin town]] of the city of [[Coimbra]], [[Portugal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cm-coimbra.pt/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1183&Itemid=578 |title=Damão, Índia |publisher=Câmara Municipal de Coimbra |year=2014 |location=Coimbra, Portugual |website=coimbra.pt |language=pt |access-date=17 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129043628/http://www.cm-coimbra.pt/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1183&Itemid=578 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
<!-- [[MOS:PARA]]: Single sentence section -->[[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]] is a [[twin towns and sister cities|twin town]] of [[Coimbra]], [[Portugal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cm-coimbra.pt/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1183&Itemid=578 |title=Damão, Índia |publisher=Câmara Municipal de Coimbra |year=2014 |location=Coimbra, Portugal |website=coimbra.pt |language=pt |access-date=17 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129043628/http://www.cm-coimbra.pt/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1183&Itemid=578 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=March 2025}}


==References==
==References==
Line 108: Line 93:
==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.daman.nic.in/ Government of the Union Territory of Daman and Diu]
*[http://www.daman.nic.in/ Government of the Union Territory of Daman and Diu]
*[http://collectordaman.gov.in/ Daman District Administration]
*[http://collectordaman.gov.in/ Daman District Administration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228064330/http://collectordaman.gov.in/ |date=28 December 2019 }}


{{Geographic location
{{Geographic location

Latest revision as of 19:24, 21 October 2025

Daman district
District
Daman district is located in India
Daman district
Daman district
Daman district headquarters
Daman district is located in Gujarat
Daman district
Daman district
Daman district (Gujarat)
Coordinates: 20°25′N 72°53′E / 20.41°N 72.89°E / 20.41; 72.89
Country India
Union territory Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
TehsilDaman Tehsil
HeadquartersDaman
Government
 • District CollectorRakesh Minhas, IAS
Area
 • Total72 km2 (28 sq mi)
Elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total191,173
 • Density2,700/km2 (6,900/sq mi)
Languages[1]
 • OfficialHindi, English
 • Additional officialGujarati
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Sex ratio1.69 ♂/♀
Websitehttp://daman.nic.in/

Daman district (en, Template:Ipa) (formerly Distrito de Damão)[2] is one of three districts of the Indian union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.[3] It is located on the west coast of India and is surrounded by the Valsad district of Gujarat to the north, east, and south; and by the Arabian Sea to the west. The district covers an area of 72 square kilometers (28 sq mi)[4] and had a population of 191,173 as of the 2011 census, an increase of 69.256% from the 2001 census. The district headquarters is Daman. The territorial headquarters were previously in Panjim when it was jointly administered as Goa, Daman, and Diu until the time of the Konkani language agitation.

Daman lies at the mouth of the Daman Ganga River. The closest railway station is Vapi, which is 7 km away. Surat is to the north, and Mumbai is approximately 160 km (100 mi) to the south in the Konkan division of Maharashtra.

History[edit | edit source]

The edict of Emperor Ashoka (273 to 136 BC) was found in Saurashtra and Sopara near Bombay. The Satraps under the Kushana emperor seem to have ruled over Daman District during the 1st century AD. Coins of Bhumaka and Nahapan, the Kshaharata rulers, were discovered in the surrounding areas of Surat District. Ushavadatta, Nahapan's son-in-law, is said to have provided ferries on the Dhanuha, Dhamana, Parada, and Tapi rivers.[5]

The river's names—Dahanu, Daman, and Pardi—have remained unchanged for the last 2,000 years. The district seems to have been subjected to the rule of Gautamiputra Satakarni around 125 AD, who drove away the Kshaharatas. However, the Satavahana's rule was short-lived.[6]

The territory of Daman during the Portuguese colonial period

Govinda III handed over the Lata kingdom to his brother Indra around 808 AD, giving him the title Lateswaramandalasya or the Protector of Latamandala. Indra was succeeded by his son Karka, who seems to have ruled Latamandala jointly with his brother Govinda until 826. Druva II, son of Karka, ascended the throne around 835 and was succeeded by Akalavarsha in 867. The district passed to Tailappa II of the Chalukyas of Kalyani in 973. Tailappa II placed the Lata country in the hands of his relative and general Barrpa alias Dvarappa Chalukya.

The Portuguese acquired Daman from the Shah of Gujarat. They first noticed the port of Daman in 1523. Daman was a Portuguese enclave for four and a half centuries until the end of colonial rule in 1961. Daman has been a coveted prize, for which princes, monarchs, and alien powers waged wars. Muted memories of history lie vaulted in the monuments of Daman. It had been a melting pot where races and cultures met and mixed to bring forth a multi-coloured identity.[7][8]

On 3 November 2019, Daman Collector Rakesh Minhas issued a Section 144 order banning the peaceful assembly of four or more persons, slogan-shouting, and the use of loudspeakers across the entire district. Additionally, he ordered the conversion of two high schools into "temporary jails"[9] in response to a land ownership dispute between the local indigenous fishing community and the local administration,[10] who had confiscated their land and bulldozed their homes. The ensuing 2019 Daman Indigenous Land Clearing Protests resulted in the detention of 70 protesters in the 'temporary jails' and another 8 arrests. While a few of the adivasi fisherfolk were rehoused, most were left traumatized and homeless.[11]

Demographics[edit | edit source]

According to the 2011 census, the Daman district had a population of 191,173,[12] roughly equal to the nation of Samoa,[13] which ranked it 592nd out of 640 districts in India.[12] The district has a population density of 2,655 inhabitants per square kilometre (6,880/sq mi).[12] Its population growth rate over the decade from 2001 to 2011 was 69.256%.[12] The district reported 533 females for every 1,000 males[12] and a literacy rate of 88.06%.[12]

Transport[edit | edit source]

A bridge over the Daman Ganga River between Moti Daman and Nani Daman collapsed during the monsoon on 28 August 2003, killing 27 school children and one teacher when their vehicles plunged into the river.[14] A new bridge was constructed at a cost of about 90 million rupees, but it partially collapsed in August 2004; no casualties occurred in this incident. The collapse was attributed to heavy flooding of the Daman Ganga River.[15][16]

Sister cities[edit | edit source]

Daman is a twin town of Coimbra, Portugal.[17][failed verification]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). 29 March 2016. p. 87. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  2. ↑ "Establishment Day of Dadra & Nagar Haveli – MoDe India".
  3. ↑ "Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu UTs Merge for 'better Admin Efficiency, Service': MoS Home". 4 December 2019. Archived from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  4. ↑ Srivastava, Dayawanti, ed. (2010). "States and Union Territories: Daman and Diu: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. p. 1216. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7.
  5. ↑ "Department of Panchayati Raj-DAMAN AND DIU - National Panchayat Portal - Govt. of India". www.dddp.gov.in. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  6. ↑ "Daman and Diu Geography of Daman and Diu Culture of Daman and Diu Cuisine of Daman and Diu Places of interest in Daman and Diu Geographic coordinate of Daman and Diu". www.brandbharat.com. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  7. ↑ http://rguir.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/16841/1/9781984668172.pdf Template:Bare URL PDF
  8. ↑ "Official Website of U.T. Administration of Daman & Diu - India".
  9. ↑ The Wire, Staff (4 November 2019). "Daman: Section 144 Imposed, Two Government Schools Converted Into 'Temporary Jails'". The Wire. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
  10. ↑ Express, News Service (5 November 2019). "Demolition of houses: Section 144 in Daman after residents protest". Indian Express. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
  11. ↑ Uppal, Jas (6 January 2020). "Daman – Land and Property Owned by the Fishing Communities Confiscated and Homes Demolished". Justice Upheld. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  13. ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison: Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Samoa 193,161
  14. ↑ "24 Killed in Daman Bridge Collapse". The Tribune. Chandigarh. 28 August 2003. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
  15. ↑ "Part of Daman bridge collapses, no casualities [sic]". Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  16. ↑ Ervell E. Menezes, "Lotus of the marshlands", The Tribune (31 July 2005)
  17. ↑ "Damão, Índia". coimbra.pt (in português). Coimbra, Portugal: Câmara Municipal de Coimbra. 2014. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 17 November 2014.

Further reading[edit | edit source]

  • Andrada (undated). The Life of Dom John de Castro: The Fourth Vice Roy of India. Jacinto Freire de Andrada. Translated into English by Peter Wyche. (1664). Henry Herrington, New Exchange, London. Facsimile edition (1994) AES Reprint, New Delhi. ISBN 81-206-0900-X.

External links[edit | edit source]

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