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| image              =  
| image              =  
| caption            =  
| caption            =  
| birth_name          =
| birth_name          = Masarat Alam Bhat
| birth_date          = July 1971
| birth_date          = July 1971
| birth_place        = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|J&K]], [[India]]<ref name=Praveen/>
| birth_place        = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]<ref name=Praveen/>
| death_date          =
| death_date          =
| death_place        =
| death_place        =
| nationality        =  
| nationality        =  
| order              = Chairman of [[All Parties Hurriyat Conference]]
| office              = Chairman of [[All Parties Hurriyat Conference]] (Geelani faction)
| status              = [[Acting (law)|Interim]]
| predecessor        = [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]]
| predecessor        = [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]]
| successor          =
| successor          =
| term_start          = 17 September 2021<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=News|date=2021-09-07|title=Masarat Alam is new chairman of Hurriyat Conference {{!}} Free Press Kashmir|url=https://freepresskashmir.news/2021/09/07/masarat-alam-is-new-chairman-of-hurriyat-conference/|access-date=2021-10-17|website=freepresskashmir.news|language=en-GB}}</ref>
| term_start          = 7 September 2021<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-07|title=Masarat Alam is new chairman of Hurriyat Conference {{!}} Free Press Kashmir|url=https://freepresskashmir.news/2021/09/07/masarat-alam-is-new-chairman-of-hurriyat-conference/|access-date=2021-10-17|website=freepresskashmir.news|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="Masarat">{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/masarat-alam-succeeds-geelani-as-hurriyat-chairman-7495424/|title=Masarat Alam succeeds Geelani as Hurriyat chairman|author=Bashaarat Masood|work=The Indian Express|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230204070907/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/masarat-alam-succeeds-geelani-as-hurriyat-chairman-7495424/|archive-date=4 February 2023|date=8 September 2021|access-date=4 February 2023}}</ref>
| term_end            =
| term_end            =  
| predecessor1        = ''position established''
| successor1          = Syed Ali Shah Geelani
| term_start1        = 7 September 2003<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-hurriyat-at-a-crossroads-7477227/|title=Explained: Hurriyat at a crossroads|author=Bashaarat Mashood|work=The Indian Express|date=5 September 2021|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref>
| term_end1          = 15 September 2003<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030916/main4.htm|title=Geelani heads breakaway Hurriyat group|work=The Tribune|date=15 September 2003|access-date=4 February 2023}}</ref>
| alma_mater          = [[University of Kashmir]]
| alma_mater          = [[University of Kashmir]]
| occupation          = Politician & Separatist
| occupation          = {{hlist|[[Politician]]|[[Activism|Activist]]}}
| party              = [[All Parties Hurriyat Conference]] & Jammu Kashmir Muslim League
| party              = [[All Parties Hurriyat Conference|Hurriyat (Geelani faction)]]<br />Jammu Kashmir Muslim League
| otherparty          = [[Tehreek-e-Hurriyat]]<br />[[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir]]
| otherparty          = [[Tehreek-e-Hurriyat]]<br />[[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir]]
| website            = {{URL|www.thjk.org}}
| website            = {{URL|www.thjk.org}}
}}
}}


'''Masarat Alam Bhat''' (born 1971) is a [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|Kashmiri separatist]] leader and [[chairman]] of the Jammu Kashmir Muslim League and also serving as [[chairman]] of the [[Tehreek-e-Hurriyat|Hurriyat Conference]],  the umbrella organization of the separatists in Kashmir.
'''Masarat Alam Bhat''' (born 1971) is a [[Kashmiris|Kashmiri]] [[Islamist]] activist and a political [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|separatist leader]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. He is the chairman of the Jammu Kashmir Muslim League, and interim chairman of the Geelani faction of the [[All Parties Hurriyat Conference]].


Bhat was appointed as chairman of [[Tehreek-e-Hurriyat|Hurriyat Conference]] after the death of [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]]. He played a significant role in the 2010 [[Stone pelting in Kashmir|Kashmir stone pelting]] rallies which broke out against the Machil encounter [[Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir|carried out by the Indian Army in Kashmir]]. Government has booked Masrat Alam in 27 criminal cases but in most of these he has either been exonerated or bailed out by the courts and was released after [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]] took over as the [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister]] of Jammu and Kashmir on 1 March 2015.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Masarat-Alam-Bhat-A-stone-thrower-since-childhood/articleshow/46510843.cms | title=Masarat Alam Bhat: 'A stone thrower since childhood | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=10 March 2015 | access-date=10 March 2015}}</ref>
Bhat was appointed as the interim chairman of the Geelani faction of Hurriyat after the death of [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]]. He played a significant role in the 2010 [[Stone pelting in Kashmir|Kashmir stone pelting]] rallies which broke out against the [[2010 Machil encounter|Machil fake encounter]] carried out by the Indian Army in Kashmir. Government has booked Masrat Alam in 27 criminal cases but in most of these he has either been exonerated or bailed out by the courts and was released after [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]] took over as the [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister]] of Jammu and Kashmir on 1 March 2015.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Masarat-Alam-Bhat-A-stone-thrower-since-childhood/articleshow/46510843.cms | title=Masarat Alam Bhat: 'A stone thrower since childhood | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=10 March 2015 | access-date=10 March 2015}}</ref>


Bhat was detained under the controversial [[Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act, 1978|Public Safety Act]] and was in March 2015 released which caused a major political controversy and dominated Indian Parliament Proceedings.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jandk-mufti-pdp-bjp-omar-abdullah-national-conference/1/422685.html | title=Mufti Mohammad Sayeed releases Muslim League leader Masarat Alam from jail, draws flak | publisher=[[India Today]] | work=Naseer Ganai | date=8 March 2015 | access-date=10 March 2015}}</ref> Amid speculations over his release Masrat Aalam said that no deal was made between him and the Chief Minister Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, saying "I spent more than four years in prison and during all these years I challenged the grounds of my 'illegal' detention".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://onlykashmir.in/no-deal-between-me-and-mufti-bukharis-revelations-expose-omars-mindset-says-masarat-alam/|title=No deal between me and Mufti, Bukhari's revelations expose Omar's mindset, says Masarat Alam - Only Kashmir - Behind the News|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220043539/http://onlykashmir.in/no-deal-between-me-and-mufti-bukharis-revelations-expose-omars-mindset-says-masarat-alam/|archive-date=20 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.business-standard.com/video-gallery/general/bjp-leaders-meet-kashmir-chief-over-masarat-alam-release-row-18078/bjp-leaders-meet-kashmir-chief-over-masarat-alam-release-row-18501.htm | title=BJP leaders meet Kashmir chief over Masarat Alam release row | newspaper=Business Standard India | publisher=[[Business Standard]] | date=10 March 2015 | access-date=10 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/live-hurriyat-hardliner-masarat-alams-release-rocks-parliament-opposition-seeks-pms-statement/ | title=Hurriyat hardliner Masarat Alam's release rocks House: PM Modi makes his anger known | publisher=Indian Express | date=10 March 2015 | access-date=10 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://qz.com/359280/how-masarat-alam-bhat-transformed-from-a-posh-schoolboy-to-kashmirs-most-wanted-separatist/ | title=How Masarat Alam Bhat transformed from a posh schoolboy to Kashmir's "most wanted" separatist | date=10 March 2015 | publisher=Quartez | access-date=10 March 2015}}</ref> He has been Jailed for 17 years and has around 27 cases against him.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-masarat-alam-bhat-spent-17-years-in-jail-has-27-firs-against-him-2067432 | title=Masarat Alam Bhat spent 17 years in jail, has 27 FIRs against him | publisher=Dna | date=10 March 2015 | access-date=13 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="sundayguardian">{{cite news|title=Masarat set to be ISI's poster boy in valley|url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/news/masarat-set-to-be-isis-poster-boy-in-valley|access-date=17 April 2015|publisher=The Sunday Guardian|date=14 March 2015}}</ref>
Bhat was detained under the controversial [[Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act, 1978|Public Safety Act]] and was in March 2015 released which caused a major political controversy and dominated Indian Parliament Proceedings.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/jandk-mufti-pdp-bjp-omar-abdullah-national-conference-243317-2015-03-07 | title=Mufti Mohammad Sayeed releases Muslim League leader Masarat Alam from jail, draws flak | publisher=[[India Today]] | work=Naseer Ganai | date=8 March 2015 | access-date=10 March 2015}}</ref> Amid speculations over his release Masrat Aalam said that no deal was made between him and the Chief Minister Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, saying "I spent more than four years in prison and during all these years I challenged the grounds of my 'illegal' detention".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://onlykashmir.in/no-deal-between-me-and-mufti-bukharis-revelations-expose-omars-mindset-says-masarat-alam/|title=No deal between me and Mufti, Bukhari's revelations expose Omar's mindset, says Masarat Alam - Only Kashmir - Behind the News|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220043539/http://onlykashmir.in/no-deal-between-me-and-mufti-bukharis-revelations-expose-omars-mindset-says-masarat-alam/|archive-date=20 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.business-standard.com/video-gallery/general/bjp-leaders-meet-kashmir-chief-over-masarat-alam-release-row-18078/bjp-leaders-meet-kashmir-chief-over-masarat-alam-release-row-18501.htm | title=BJP leaders meet Kashmir chief over Masarat Alam release row | newspaper=Business Standard India | publisher=[[Business Standard]] | date=10 March 2015 | access-date=10 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/live-hurriyat-hardliner-masarat-alams-release-rocks-parliament-opposition-seeks-pms-statement/ | title=Hurriyat hardliner Masarat Alam's release rocks House: PM Modi makes his anger known | publisher=Indian Express | date=10 March 2015 | access-date=10 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://qz.com/359280/how-masarat-alam-bhat-transformed-from-a-posh-schoolboy-to-kashmirs-most-wanted-separatist/ | title=How Masarat Alam Bhat transformed from a posh schoolboy to Kashmir's "most wanted" separatist | date=10 March 2015 | publisher=Quartez | access-date=10 March 2015 | archive-date=17 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117181753/https://qz.com/359280/how-masarat-alam-bhat-transformed-from-a-posh-schoolboy-to-kashmirs-most-wanted-separatist/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> He has been jailed for 17 years and has around 27 cases against him.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-masarat-alam-bhat-spent-17-years-in-jail-has-27-firs-against-him-2067432 | title=Masarat Alam Bhat spent 17 years in jail, has 27 FIRs against him | publisher=Dna | date=10 March 2015 | access-date=13 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="sundayguardian">{{cite news|title=Masarat set to be ISI's poster boy in valley|url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/news/masarat-set-to-be-isis-poster-boy-in-valley|access-date=17 April 2015|publisher=The Sunday Guardian|date=14 March 2015|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180956/http://www.sunday-guardian.com/news/masarat-set-to-be-isis-poster-boy-in-valley|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==
Alam was born in old-city Srinagar's Zaindar Mohalla in July 1971.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/being-masarat-alam/|title=Sunday Story: Being Masarat Alam|date=2015-03-15|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-06-21|language=en-US}}</ref> Like many youths of his generation, he was drawn to the armed rebellion against Indian state that began in 1989.<ref name=Praveen/>
Bhat was born in old-city [[Srinagar]]'s Zaindar Mohalla in July 1971.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/being-masarat-alam/|title=Sunday Story: Being Masarat Alam|date=2015-03-15|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-06-21|language=en-US}}</ref> Like many youths of his generation, he was drawn to the armed rebellion against Indian state that began in 1989.<ref name=Praveen/>
He was first arrested by the [[Border Security Force]] in October 1990 on charges of serving as a lieutenant to the then-prominent militant, Mushtaq Ahmad Bhat. He won a protracted legal battle in 1997 and began working at a cloth store owned by his grandfather, graduating the next year.
He was first arrested by the [[Border Security Force]] in October 1990 on charges of serving as a lieutenant to the then-prominent militant, Mushtaq Ahmad Bhat. He won a protracted legal battle in 1997 and began working at a cloth store owned by his grandfather, graduating the next year.
From 1999, Bhat became increasingly active in the [[All Parties Hurriyat Conference]](APHC) that cost him multiple stints in prison. He represented the Muslim League in APHC. Bhat found space under hardline Islamist leader [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]]'s wing after the Hurriyat Conference split in 2003.<ref name=Praveen>{{cite news|author=Praveen Swami |title=Inside Kashmir's New Islamist movement|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Inside-Kashmirs-New-Islamist-movement/article16136544.ece|access-date=17 April 2015|work=The Hindu|date=19 August 2010}}</ref>
From 1999, Bhat became increasingly active in the [[All Parties Hurriyat Conference]](APHC) that cost him multiple stints in prison. He represented the Muslim League in APHC. Bhat found space under hardline Islamist leader [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]]'s wing after the Hurriyat Conference split in 2003.<ref name=Praveen>{{cite news|author=Praveen Swami |title=Inside Kashmir's New Islamist movement|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Inside-Kashmirs-New-Islamist-movement/article16136544.ece|access-date=17 April 2015|work=The Hindu|date=19 August 2010}}</ref>
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In 2010, he was on the run after the Indian government announced a reward for his arrest for issuing protest calendars.
In 2010, he was on the run after the Indian government announced a reward for his arrest for issuing protest calendars.
Subsequently he was arrested later that year and remained in custody until early 2015.
Subsequently he was arrested later that year and remained in custody until early 2015.
*He was arrested on 17 April 2015 by Kashmir police in [[Srinagar]] for raising Pakistan flag and shouting anti-India slogans.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/india-kashmir-clashes-idINKBN0N81H120150417|title=Violent clashes erupt in Kashmir over arrest of separatist leaders|first=Fayaz|last=Bukhari|newspaper=Reuters|date=17 April 2015|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]] has called for shutdown call for his arrest in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] on 18 April<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kashmirdispatch.com/headlines/170429920-geelani-calls-for-valley-wide-shutdown-on-saturday.htm|title=Geelani calls for Valley-wide shutdown on Saturday - KashmirDispatch|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> and some hurriyat supporters were doing protest against the arrest of Masarat Alam. In Budgam one protesting teenager boy who was claimed to be pelting stones was killed by [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]] firing which created tension in the Jammu and Kashmir.<ref>{{cite news|title=One Dead as Security Personnel Fire at Protesters in Narbal in Jammu and Kashmir|url=http://www.ndtv.com/cheat-sheet/one-dead-as-police-fire-at-protesters-in-narbal-in-jammu-and-kashmir-756022|access-date=18 April 2015|publisher=NDTV|date=18 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bandh-in-kashmir-against-masarat-alams-arrest-one-dead-in-police-firing-near-srinagar/540533-3-245.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423033441/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bandh-in-kashmir-against-masarat-alams-arrest-one-dead-in-police-firing-near-srinagar/540533-3-245.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 April 2015|title=Bandh in Kashmir against Masarat Alam's arrest, one dead in police firing near Srinagar|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://post.jagran.com/youth-killed-in-crpf-firing-on-protesters-in-budgam-1429339474|title=Youth killed in firing in Budgam district of J&K; Mirwaiz placed under house arrest|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/boy-killed-in-crpf-firing-in-srinagar/article7116434.ece|title=Boy killed in CRPF firing in Srinagar|first=Zahid|last=Rafiq|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 April 2015|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> Again Public Safety Act has been invoked against him by [[India]]n [[Government]] on 23 April.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/public-safety-act-invoked-against-jk-separatist-masarat-alam-can-be-jailed-for-2-years_1583480.html|title=Public Safety Act invoked against J&K separatist Masarat Alam, can be jailed for 2 years|date=23 April 2015|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> The valley saw sporadic clashes between Alam's supporters and the police. Protests were also held in some areas against his arrest, which has become the rallying point for separatists in Kashmir.<ref name="ndtv.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kashmiri-separatists-call-for-shutdown-to-protest-masarat-alams-detention-under-public-safety-act-757992|title=Kashmiri Separatists Call for Shutdown on Saturday to Protest Masarat Alam's Detention Under Public Safety Act|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> The Jammu and Kashmir government has shifted Alam out of the valley to a jail in Jammu. Kashmiri separatists have called for [[Strike action|shutdown]] on Saturday 25, 2015 in the valley against the detention of hardliner leader Masarat Alam under the Public Safety Act, a law that will allow the state to keep him in jail for two years without trial.<ref name="ndtv.com"/>
*He was arrested on 17 April 2015 by Kashmir police in [[Srinagar]] for raising Pakistan flag and shouting anti-India slogans.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/india-kashmir-clashes-idINKBN0N81H120150417|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306233253/http://in.reuters.com/article/india-kashmir-clashes-idINKBN0N81H120150417|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 March 2016|title=Violent clashes erupt in Kashmir over arrest of separatist leaders|first=Fayaz|last=Bukhari|newspaper=Reuters|date=17 April 2015|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]] has called for shutdown call for his arrest in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] on 18 April<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kashmirdispatch.com/headlines/170429920-geelani-calls-for-valley-wide-shutdown-on-saturday.htm|title=Geelani calls for Valley-wide shutdown on Saturday - KashmirDispatch|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> and some hurriyat supporters were doing protest against the arrest of Masarat Alam. In Budgam one protesting teenager boy who was claimed to be pelting stones was killed by [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]] firing which created tension in the Jammu and Kashmir.<ref>{{cite news|title=One Dead as Security Personnel Fire at Protesters in Narbal in Jammu and Kashmir|url=http://www.ndtv.com/cheat-sheet/one-dead-as-police-fire-at-protesters-in-narbal-in-jammu-and-kashmir-756022|access-date=18 April 2015|publisher=NDTV|date=18 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bandh-in-kashmir-against-masarat-alams-arrest-one-dead-in-police-firing-near-srinagar/540533-3-245.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423033441/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bandh-in-kashmir-against-masarat-alams-arrest-one-dead-in-police-firing-near-srinagar/540533-3-245.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 April 2015|title=Bandh in Kashmir against Masarat Alam's arrest, one dead in police firing near Srinagar|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://post.jagran.com/youth-killed-in-crpf-firing-on-protesters-in-budgam-1429339474|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418102159/http://post.jagran.com/youth-killed-in-crpf-firing-on-protesters-in-budgam-1429339474|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2015|title=Youth killed in firing in Budgam district of J&K; Mirwaiz placed under house arrest|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/boy-killed-in-crpf-firing-in-srinagar/article7116434.ece|title=Boy killed in CRPF firing in Srinagar|first=Zahid|last=Rafiq|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 April 2015|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> Again Public Safety Act has been invoked against him by [[India]]n [[Government]] on 23 April.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/public-safety-act-invoked-against-jk-separatist-masarat-alam-can-be-jailed-for-2-years_1583480.html|title=Public Safety Act invoked against J&K separatist Masarat Alam, can be jailed for 2 years|date=23 April 2015|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> The valley saw sporadic clashes between Alam's supporters and the police. Protests were also held in some areas against his arrest, which has become the rallying point for separatists in Kashmir.<ref name="ndtv.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kashmiri-separatists-call-for-shutdown-to-protest-masarat-alams-detention-under-public-safety-act-757992|title=Kashmiri Separatists Call for Shutdown on Saturday to Protest Masarat Alam's Detention Under Public Safety Act|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> The Jammu and Kashmir government has shifted Alam out of the valley to a jail in Jammu. Kashmiri separatists have called for [[Strike action|shutdown]] on Saturday 25, 2015 in the valley against the detention of hardliner leader Masarat Alam under the Public Safety Act, a law that will allow the state to keep him in jail for two years without trial.<ref name="ndtv.com"/>
* On 1 September 2015, he was detained again in jail premises after authorities released him following the Jammu and Kashmir [[High Court]]'s order for releasing him. After Jammu jail authorities freed [[Masarat Alam]] following the court orders, a police party however, rearrested him and took him away to some unknown destination.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kashmiri-separatist-masarat-alam-re-arrested-in-jammu-1213148|title=Kashmiri Separatist Masarat Alam Re-arrested in Jammu|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> The Jammu and Kashmir High Court quashed the detention of hardline separatist leader Masrat Alam under the Public Safety Act (PSA). [[Hasnain Masoodi|Justice Hasnain Masoodi]] announced in open court that he has quashed the detention order issued by state government under the [[Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act, 1978|PSA]] against Masrat Alam and the detailed order would follow.<ref>http://www.abplive.in/crime/2015/08/21/article691182.ece/Kashmir-HC-quashes-Masrat-Alams-detention-under-PSA {{Dead link|date=August 2022}}</ref> Many people believe that he could be a new leader in Jammu and Kashmir.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/masarat-alam-man-who-could-be-the-new-leader/|title=Masarat Alam: Man who could be the new leader|date=31 August 2015|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref>
* On 1 September 2015, he was detained again in jail premises after authorities released him following the Jammu and Kashmir [[High Court]]'s order for releasing him. After Jammu jail authorities freed [[Masarat Alam]] following the court orders, a police party however, rearrested him and took him away to some unknown destination.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kashmiri-separatist-masarat-alam-re-arrested-in-jammu-1213148|title=Kashmiri Separatist Masarat Alam Re-arrested in Jammu|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> The Jammu and Kashmir High Court quashed the detention of hardline separatist leader Masrat Alam under the Public Safety Act (PSA). [[Hasnain Masoodi|Justice Hasnain Masoodi]] announced in open court that he has quashed the detention order issued by state government under the [[Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act, 1978|PSA]] against Masrat Alam and the detailed order would follow.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.abplive.in/crime/2015/08/21/article691182.ece/Kashmir-HC-quashes-Masrat-Alams-detention-under-PSA |title=Archived copy |access-date=2 September 2015 |archive-date=25 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825070206/http://www.abplive.in/crime/2015/08/21/article691182.ece/Kashmir-HC-quashes-Masrat-Alams-detention-under-PSA |url-status=dead }}</ref> Many people believe that he could be a new leader in Jammu and Kashmir.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/masarat-alam-man-who-could-be-the-new-leader/|title=Masarat Alam: Man who could be the new leader|date=31 August 2015|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref>


==Quotes==
==Quotes==
Line 44: Line 49:
*"It is not only Indian administration (officials) who have a right to live in Jammu and Kashmir. We are sons of the soil and we have a right to live here. This is our land".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/did-not-wave-pakistan-flag-says-masarat-alam/|title=Did not wave Pak flag: Masarat Alam|date=16 April 2015|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref>
*"It is not only Indian administration (officials) who have a right to live in Jammu and Kashmir. We are sons of the soil and we have a right to live here. This is our land".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/did-not-wave-pakistan-flag-says-masarat-alam/|title=Did not wave Pak flag: Masarat Alam|date=16 April 2015|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref>
*"The state has been using force against us for decades but it will not deter us from fighting for our goal. For us there is no difference in who is in the government. They are all same."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/masarat-alams-arrest-will-hit-sayeeds-plan-to-make-separatists-irrelevant-2200908.html|title=As Srinagar rages over Masarat Alam's arrest, Sayeed's plan for separatists seems doomed - Firstpost|date=18 April 2015|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref>
*"The state has been using force against us for decades but it will not deter us from fighting for our goal. For us there is no difference in who is in the government. They are all same."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/masarat-alams-arrest-will-hit-sayeeds-plan-to-make-separatists-irrelevant-2200908.html|title=As Srinagar rages over Masarat Alam's arrest, Sayeed's plan for separatists seems doomed - Firstpost|date=18 April 2015|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref>
*"I'm a stone thrower since childhood."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Masarat-Alam-Bhat-A-stone-thrower-since-childhood/articleshow/46510843.cms|title=Masarat Alam Bhat: 'A stone thrower since childhood' - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref>
*"I'm a stone thrower since childhood."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Masarat-Alam-Bhat-A-stone-thrower-since-childhood/articleshow/46510843.cms|title=Masarat Alam Bhat: 'A stone thrower since childhood' - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 March 2015 |publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref>


==Criticism and Controversies==
==Criticism and controversies==
* Masarat Alam supported [[2008 Mumbai Attacks]] mastermind [[Hafiz Muhammad Saeed|Hafiz Saeed]]. Alam, who responded by raising a series of [[anti-India]] and [[pro-Pakistan]] [[slogans]], including those favouring militants like [[Hizbul Mujahideen]] chief [[Syed Salahuddin]] (who is from Jammu and Kashmir and now in Pakistan administered), [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir]] and [[Lashkar-e-Taiba|LeT]] chief [[Hafiz Saeed|Hafiz Sayeed]]. "Hafiz Sayeed ka kya paigaam (What is Hafiz Sayeed’s message)," Alam shouted. "Kashmir banega Pakistan (Kashmir will become Pakistan).".<ref name="aqt">{{cite news |last1=Qadri |first1=Azhar |title=Geelani, Masarat hold anti- India rally |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/geelani-masarat-hold-anti-india-rally-68037|archive-url=https://archive.is/qQ9bC|archive-date=25 March 2022|access-date=25 March 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |publisher=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]] |date=15 April 2015 |language=en}}</ref>
* Masarat Alam supported [[2008 Mumbai Attacks]] mastermind [[Hafiz Muhammad Saeed|Hafiz Saeed]]. Alam, who responded by raising a series of [[anti-India]] and [[pro-Pakistan]] [[slogans]], including those favouring militants like [[Hizbul Mujahideen]] chief [[Syed Salahuddin]] (who is from Jammu and Kashmir and now in Pakistan administered), [[Azad Kashmir]] and [[Lashkar-e-Taiba|LeT]] chief [[Hafiz Saeed|Hafiz Sayeed]]. "Hafiz Sayeed ka kya paigaam (What is Hafiz Sayeed’s message)," Alam shouted. "Kashmir banega Pakistan (Kashmir will become Pakistan).".<ref name="aqt">{{cite news |last1=Qadri |first1=Azhar |title=Geelani, Masarat hold anti- India rally |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/geelani-masarat-hold-anti-india-rally-68037|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220325215454/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/geelani-masarat-hold-anti-india-rally-68037|archive-date=25 March 2022|access-date=25 March 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |publisher=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]] |date=15 April 2015 |language=en}}</ref>
*After Kashmir flood disaster, Masarat created a huge controversy by saying that Kashmir valley does not need Indian forces to rescue people in case of natural disasters.<ref name="indiatvnews.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/masarat-alam-says-kashmir-does-need-army-in-flood-49237.html|title=Masarat Alam on Army's need in Kashmir floods-IndiaTV News|date=April 2015|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref>
*After Kashmir flood disaster, Masarat created a huge controversy by saying that Kashmir valley does not need Indian forces to rescue people in case of natural disasters.<ref name="indiatvnews.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/masarat-alam-says-kashmir-does-need-army-in-flood-49237.html|title=Masarat Alam on Army's need in Kashmir floods-IndiaTV News|date=April 2015|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref>
He said, "Our associates went to [[Budgam|Badgam]] and [[Srinagar]], we do not feel any kind of need. If disasters come, we do not need army and [[National Disaster Response Force]] (NDRF). We think these are occupational forces so how would they bring relief? Last time, they did specific relief operation and rescued their own people. People here know that.<ref name="indiatvnews.com"/>"<br />
He said, "Our associates went to [[Budgam|Badgam]] and [[Srinagar]], we do not feel any kind of need. If disasters come, we do not need army and [[National Disaster Response Force]] (NDRF). We think these are occupational forces so how would they bring relief? Last time, they did specific relief operation and rescued their own people. People here know that.<ref name="indiatvnews.com"/>"<br />
Line 53: Line 58:
*On 15 April 2015 he unfurled Pakistan flag in a rally in Srinagar and chanted pro-Pakistan slogans to greet [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]] on his arrival in Srinagar from [[New Delhi]] which erupted huge controversy in Indian media.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kashmiri separatist leader Masarat Alam waves Pakistani flag to greet Syed Ali Geelani in Srinagar|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kashmiri-separatist-leader-masarat-alam-waves-pakistani-flag-to-greet-syed-ali-geelani-in-srinagar/540045-3-245.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417125237/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kashmiri-separatist-leader-masarat-alam-waves-pakistani-flag-to-greet-syed-ali-geelani-in-srinagar/540045-3-245.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2015|access-date=17 April 2015|publisher=IBNLive|date=15 April 2015}}</ref> Later Jammu & Kashmir Police filed a case under [[Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act]] against Geelani and Masarat Alam for raising anti-national slogans. On 17 April Masarat Alam was arrested by Srinagar police.
*On 15 April 2015 he unfurled Pakistan flag in a rally in Srinagar and chanted pro-Pakistan slogans to greet [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]] on his arrival in Srinagar from [[New Delhi]] which erupted huge controversy in Indian media.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kashmiri separatist leader Masarat Alam waves Pakistani flag to greet Syed Ali Geelani in Srinagar|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kashmiri-separatist-leader-masarat-alam-waves-pakistani-flag-to-greet-syed-ali-geelani-in-srinagar/540045-3-245.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417125237/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kashmiri-separatist-leader-masarat-alam-waves-pakistani-flag-to-greet-syed-ali-geelani-in-srinagar/540045-3-245.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2015|access-date=17 April 2015|publisher=IBNLive|date=15 April 2015}}</ref> Later Jammu & Kashmir Police filed a case under [[Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act]] against Geelani and Masarat Alam for raising anti-national slogans. On 17 April Masarat Alam was arrested by Srinagar police.
[[Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)|Jitendra Singh]], Minister of State in [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Office]], said: "There's no compromise on any account, we are very clear on how such people have to be treated."<ref>{{cite news|title=Separatist leader Masarat Alam arrested|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Separatist-leader-Masarat-Alam-arrested/articleshow/46953744.cms|access-date=17 April 2015|work=The Times of India|date=17 April 2015}}</ref> <br />
[[Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)|Jitendra Singh]], Minister of State in [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Office]], said: "There's no compromise on any account, we are very clear on how such people have to be treated."<ref>{{cite news|title=Separatist leader Masarat Alam arrested|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Separatist-leader-Masarat-Alam-arrested/articleshow/46953744.cms|access-date=17 April 2015|work=The Times of India|date=17 April 2015}}</ref> <br />
[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of State for Home Affairs]] [[Kiren Rijiju]] said, "Alam's arrest sends a strong message to the fringe groups. We will not tolerate any kind of anti-India activities."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Waving-of-Pakistani-flags-Separatist-leader-Masarat-Alam-Bhat-arrested/articleshow/46954492.cms|title=Waving of Pakistani flags: Separatist leader Masarat Alam Bhat arrested - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> <br />
[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of State for Home Affairs]] [[Kiren Rijiju]] said, "Alam's arrest sends a strong message to the fringe groups. We will not tolerate any kind of anti-India activities."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Waving-of-Pakistani-flags-Separatist-leader-Masarat-Alam-Bhat-arrested/articleshow/46954492.cms|title=Waving of Pakistani flags: Separatist leader Masarat Alam Bhat arrested - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 April 2015 |publisher=|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> <br />
However, [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] founder and mastermind of [[2008 Mumbai Attacks]] [[Hafiz Muhammad Saeed|Hafiz Saeed]] congratulated Masarat for his "anti-India act" and held a rally in support of Masarat in [[Lahore]] on 17 April 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lashkar-e-Toiba founder Hafeez Saeed holds rally in support of Masarat Alam|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/lashkaretoiba-founder-hafeez-saeed-holds-rally-in-support-of-masarat-alam/540454-3-245.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419194053/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/lashkaretoiba-founder-hafeez-saeed-holds-rally-in-support-of-masarat-alam/540454-3-245.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 April 2015|access-date=17 April 2015|publisher=IBNLive|date=17 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hafiz Saeed backs Masarat Alam openly, still no arrest|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/Hafiz-Saeed-backs-Masarat-Alam-openly-still-no-arrest/videoshow/46948096.cms|access-date=17 April 2015|work=The Times of India|date=17 April 2015}}</ref>
However, [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] founder and mastermind of [[2008 Mumbai Attacks]] [[Hafiz Muhammad Saeed|Hafiz Saeed]] congratulated Masarat for his "anti-India act" and held a rally in support of Masarat in [[Lahore]] on 17 April 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lashkar-e-Toiba founder Hafeez Saeed holds rally in support of Masarat Alam|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/lashkaretoiba-founder-hafeez-saeed-holds-rally-in-support-of-masarat-alam/540454-3-245.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419194053/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/lashkaretoiba-founder-hafeez-saeed-holds-rally-in-support-of-masarat-alam/540454-3-245.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 April 2015|access-date=17 April 2015|publisher=IBNLive|date=17 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hafiz Saeed backs Masarat Alam openly, still no arrest|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/Hafiz-Saeed-backs-Masarat-Alam-openly-still-no-arrest/videoshow/46948096.cms|access-date=17 April 2015|work=The Times of India|date=17 April 2015}}</ref>


*Masarat has been criticized by media as "New poster boy of [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] in [[Kashmir valley]]".<ref name="sundayguardian"/> Indian authorities claim that Pakistan's game plan for Kashmir is to erupt 2010-style confrontations between the youth and the security forces by using leaders like Masarat Alam, so as to seek interest of the [[United States]] and [[European Union]] for mediation in [[Kashmir conflict|Kashmir issue]].<ref name="sundayguardian"/>
*Masarat has been criticized by media as "New poster boy of [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] in [[Kashmir Valley|Kashmir valley]]".<ref name="sundayguardian"/> Indian authorities claim that Pakistan's game plan for Kashmir is to erupt 2010-style confrontations between the youth and the security forces by using leaders like Masarat Alam, so as to seek interest of the [[United States]] and [[European Union]] for mediation in [[Kashmir conflict|Kashmir issue]].<ref name="sundayguardian"/>


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 10:06, 5 February 2026


Masarat Alam Bhat
Chairman of All Parties Hurriyat Conference (Geelani faction)
Assumed office
7 September 2021[1][2]
Preceded bySyed Ali Shah Geelani
In office
7 September 2003[3] – 15 September 2003[4]
Preceded byposition established
Succeeded bySyed Ali Shah Geelani
Personal details
Born
Masarat Alam Bhat

July 1971
Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India[5]
Political partyHurriyat (Geelani faction)
Jammu Kashmir Muslim League
Other political
affiliations		Tehreek-e-Hurriyat
Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir
Alma materUniversity of Kashmir
Occupation
Websitewww.thjk.org

Masarat Alam Bhat (born 1971) is a Kashmiri Islamist activist and a political separatist leader of Jammu and Kashmir. He is the chairman of the Jammu Kashmir Muslim League, and interim chairman of the Geelani faction of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference.

Bhat was appointed as the interim chairman of the Geelani faction of Hurriyat after the death of Syed Ali Shah Geelani. He played a significant role in the 2010 Kashmir stone pelting rallies which broke out against the Machil fake encounter carried out by the Indian Army in Kashmir. Government has booked Masrat Alam in 27 criminal cases but in most of these he has either been exonerated or bailed out by the courts and was released after Mufti Mohammad Sayeed took over as the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir on 1 March 2015.[6]

Bhat was detained under the controversial Public Safety Act and was in March 2015 released which caused a major political controversy and dominated Indian Parliament Proceedings.[7] Amid speculations over his release Masrat Aalam said that no deal was made between him and the Chief Minister Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, saying "I spent more than four years in prison and during all these years I challenged the grounds of my 'illegal' detention".[8][9][10][11] He has been jailed for 17 years and has around 27 cases against him.[12][13]

Early life[edit | edit source]

Bhat was born in old-city Srinagar's Zaindar Mohalla in July 1971.[14] Like many youths of his generation, he was drawn to the armed rebellion against Indian state that began in 1989.[5] He was first arrested by the Border Security Force in October 1990 on charges of serving as a lieutenant to the then-prominent militant, Mushtaq Ahmad Bhat. He won a protracted legal battle in 1997 and began working at a cloth store owned by his grandfather, graduating the next year. From 1999, Bhat became increasingly active in the All Parties Hurriyat Conference(APHC) that cost him multiple stints in prison. He represented the Muslim League in APHC. Bhat found space under hardline Islamist leader Syed Ali Shah Geelani's wing after the Hurriyat Conference split in 2003.[5]

Detention[edit | edit source]

In 2010, he was on the run after the Indian government announced a reward for his arrest for issuing protest calendars. Subsequently he was arrested later that year and remained in custody until early 2015.

  • He was arrested on 17 April 2015 by Kashmir police in Srinagar for raising Pakistan flag and shouting anti-India slogans.[15] Syed Ali Shah Geelani has called for shutdown call for his arrest in Jammu and Kashmir on 18 April[16] and some hurriyat supporters were doing protest against the arrest of Masarat Alam. In Budgam one protesting teenager boy who was claimed to be pelting stones was killed by CRPF firing which created tension in the Jammu and Kashmir.[17][18][19][20] Again Public Safety Act has been invoked against him by Indian Government on 23 April.[21] The valley saw sporadic clashes between Alam's supporters and the police. Protests were also held in some areas against his arrest, which has become the rallying point for separatists in Kashmir.[22] The Jammu and Kashmir government has shifted Alam out of the valley to a jail in Jammu. Kashmiri separatists have called for shutdown on Saturday 25, 2015 in the valley against the detention of hardliner leader Masarat Alam under the Public Safety Act, a law that will allow the state to keep him in jail for two years without trial.[22]
  • On 1 September 2015, he was detained again in jail premises after authorities released him following the Jammu and Kashmir High Court's order for releasing him. After Jammu jail authorities freed Masarat Alam following the court orders, a police party however, rearrested him and took him away to some unknown destination.[23] The Jammu and Kashmir High Court quashed the detention of hardline separatist leader Masrat Alam under the Public Safety Act (PSA). Justice Hasnain Masoodi announced in open court that he has quashed the detention order issued by state government under the PSA against Masrat Alam and the detailed order would follow.[24] Many people believe that he could be a new leader in Jammu and Kashmir.[25]

Quotes[edit | edit source]

Following are the quotes by Masarat Alam on various occasions.

  • "It is not only Indian administration (officials) who have a right to live in Jammu and Kashmir. We are sons of the soil and we have a right to live here. This is our land".[26]
  • "The state has been using force against us for decades but it will not deter us from fighting for our goal. For us there is no difference in who is in the government. They are all same."[27]
  • "I'm a stone thrower since childhood."[28]

Criticism and controversies[edit | edit source]

  • Masarat Alam supported 2008 Mumbai Attacks mastermind Hafiz Saeed. Alam, who responded by raising a series of anti-India and pro-Pakistan slogans, including those favouring militants like Hizbul Mujahideen chief Syed Salahuddin (who is from Jammu and Kashmir and now in Pakistan administered), Azad Kashmir and LeT chief Hafiz Sayeed. "Hafiz Sayeed ka kya paigaam (What is Hafiz Sayeed’s message)," Alam shouted. "Kashmir banega Pakistan (Kashmir will become Pakistan).".[29]
  • After Kashmir flood disaster, Masarat created a huge controversy by saying that Kashmir valley does not need Indian forces to rescue people in case of natural disasters.[30]

He said, "Our associates went to Badgam and Srinagar, we do not feel any kind of need. If disasters come, we do not need army and National Disaster Response Force (NDRF). We think these are occupational forces so how would they bring relief? Last time, they did specific relief operation and rescued their own people. People here know that.[30]"
This statement has been criticised by media for being anti-Kashmiri and it may bring Kashmiri people in danger.[30]

  • On 15 April 2015 he unfurled Pakistan flag in a rally in Srinagar and chanted pro-Pakistan slogans to greet Syed Ali Shah Geelani on his arrival in Srinagar from New Delhi which erupted huge controversy in Indian media.[31] Later Jammu & Kashmir Police filed a case under Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act against Geelani and Masarat Alam for raising anti-national slogans. On 17 April Masarat Alam was arrested by Srinagar police.

Jitendra Singh, Minister of State in Prime Minister's Office, said: "There's no compromise on any account, we are very clear on how such people have to be treated."[32]
Minister of State for Home Affairs Kiren Rijiju said, "Alam's arrest sends a strong message to the fringe groups. We will not tolerate any kind of anti-India activities."[33]
However, Lashkar-e-Taiba founder and mastermind of 2008 Mumbai Attacks Hafiz Saeed congratulated Masarat for his "anti-India act" and held a rally in support of Masarat in Lahore on 17 April 2015.[34][35]

  • Masarat has been criticized by media as "New poster boy of ISI in Kashmir valley".[13] Indian authorities claim that Pakistan's game plan for Kashmir is to erupt 2010-style confrontations between the youth and the security forces by using leaders like Masarat Alam, so as to seek interest of the United States and European Union for mediation in Kashmir issue.[13]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Masarat Alam is new chairman of Hurriyat Conference | Free Press Kashmir". freepresskashmir.news. 7 September 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  2. ↑ Bashaarat Masood (8 September 2021). "Masarat Alam succeeds Geelani as Hurriyat chairman". The Indian Express. Retrieved 4 February 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  3. ↑ Bashaarat Mashood (5 September 2021). "Explained: Hurriyat at a crossroads". The Indian Express. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  4. ↑ "Geelani heads breakaway Hurriyat group". The Tribune. 15 September 2003. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Praveen Swami (19 August 2010). "Inside Kashmir's New Islamist movement". The Hindu. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  6. ↑ "Masarat Alam Bhat: 'A stone thrower since childhood". The Times of India. 10 March 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  7. ↑ "Mufti Mohammad Sayeed releases Muslim League leader Masarat Alam from jail, draws flak". Naseer Ganai. India Today. 8 March 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  8. ↑ "No deal between me and Mufti, Bukhari's revelations expose Omar's mindset, says Masarat Alam - Only Kashmir - Behind the News". Archived from the original on 20 February 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  9. ↑ "BJP leaders meet Kashmir chief over Masarat Alam release row". Business Standard India. Business Standard. 10 March 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  10. ↑ "Hurriyat hardliner Masarat Alam's release rocks House: PM Modi makes his anger known". Indian Express. 10 March 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  11. ↑ "How Masarat Alam Bhat transformed from a posh schoolboy to Kashmir's "most wanted" separatist". Quartez. 10 March 2015. Archived from the original on 17 November 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  12. ↑ "Masarat Alam Bhat spent 17 years in jail, has 27 FIRs against him". Dna. 10 March 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "Masarat set to be ISI's poster boy in valley". The Sunday Guardian. 14 March 2015. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  14. ↑ "Sunday Story: Being Masarat Alam". The Indian Express. 15 March 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  15. ↑ Bukhari, Fayaz (17 April 2015). "Violent clashes erupt in Kashmir over arrest of separatist leaders". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  16. ↑ "Geelani calls for Valley-wide shutdown on Saturday - KashmirDispatch". Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  17. ↑ "One Dead as Security Personnel Fire at Protesters in Narbal in Jammu and Kashmir". NDTV. 18 April 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  18. ↑ "Bandh in Kashmir against Masarat Alam's arrest, one dead in police firing near Srinagar". Archived from the original on 23 April 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  19. ↑ "Youth killed in firing in Budgam district of J&K; Mirwaiz placed under house arrest". Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  20. ↑ Rafiq, Zahid (18 April 2015). "Boy killed in CRPF firing in Srinagar". The Hindu. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  21. ↑ "Public Safety Act invoked against J&K separatist Masarat Alam, can be jailed for 2 years". 23 April 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Kashmiri Separatists Call for Shutdown on Saturday to Protest Masarat Alam's Detention Under Public Safety Act". Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  23. ↑ "Kashmiri Separatist Masarat Alam Re-arrested in Jammu". Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  24. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 25 August 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  25. ↑ "Masarat Alam: Man who could be the new leader". 31 August 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  26. ↑ "Did not wave Pak flag: Masarat Alam". 16 April 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  27. ↑ "As Srinagar rages over Masarat Alam's arrest, Sayeed's plan for separatists seems doomed - Firstpost". 18 April 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  28. ↑ "Masarat Alam Bhat: 'A stone thrower since childhood' - Times of India". The Times of India. 10 March 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  29. ↑ Qadri, Azhar (15 April 2015). "Geelani, Masarat hold anti- India rally". Tribuneindia News Service. The Tribune (Chandigarh). Retrieved 25 March 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 "Masarat Alam on Army's need in Kashmir floods-IndiaTV News". April 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  31. ↑ "Kashmiri separatist leader Masarat Alam waves Pakistani flag to greet Syed Ali Geelani in Srinagar". IBNLive. 15 April 2015. Archived from the original on 17 April 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  32. ↑ "Separatist leader Masarat Alam arrested". The Times of India. 17 April 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  33. ↑ "Waving of Pakistani flags: Separatist leader Masarat Alam Bhat arrested - Times of India". The Times of India. 17 April 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  34. ↑ "Lashkar-e-Toiba founder Hafeez Saeed holds rally in support of Masarat Alam". IBNLive. 17 April 2015. Archived from the original on 19 April 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  35. ↑ "Hafiz Saeed backs Masarat Alam openly, still no arrest". The Times of India. 17 April 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
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