Deputy Prime Minister of India: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox political post
{{Short description|Deputy head of the government of India}}
| border = parliamentary
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
| minister = not_prime
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Deputy Prime Minister
| post = Deputy Prime Minister
| body = India
| body = the Republic of India
| native_name = {{lang|hi-Latn|Bhārat ke Up Pradhānamantri}}
| native_name = {{lang|hi-Latn|Bhārat Ke Upapradhānamantrī}}
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg
| insigniasize = 50px
| insigniasize = 55px
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 110px
| image =  
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| flagborder = yes
| incumbent =''Vacant''
| image =
| incumbentsince = 23 May 2004  
| imagesize =
| department = [[Government of India]]
| incumbent = ''Vacant''
| style = *[[The Honourable]] (formal)
| incumbentsince = 23 May 2004
*[[Excellency|His Excellency]] (diplomatic)
| memberof = [[Parliament of India]]<br />[[Union Council of Ministers]]
*[[Mister|Mr. Deputy Prime Minister]] (informal)
| type = Deputy [[Head of government]]
| status = Deputy Leader of the Executive
| member_of = *[[Parliament of India]]
*[[Union Council of Ministers]]
| reports_to = *[[President of India]]
*[[Vice President of India]]
*[[Prime Minister of India]]
*[[Parliament of India]]
| nominator = [[Prime Minister of India]]
| nominator = [[Prime Minister of India]]
| appointer = [[President of India]]
| appointer = [[President of India]]
| inaugural = [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]]
| termlength = [[At His Majesty's pleasure#Derivatives|At the pleasure of the president]]
| formation = {{Start date and age|1947|08|15|df=y}}
| termlength_qualified = {{unbulleted list|[[Lok Sabha]] term is 5 years unless dissolved sooner|No term limits specified}}
}}
| constituting_instrument = Not mentioned in the [[Constitution of India]]
| formation = 15 August 1947; <br> {{age in years and days|1947|08|15}} ago
| first = [[Vallabhbhai Patel]]
| last = [[L. K. Advani]]
| abbreviation = DPM}}
 
The '''deputy prime minister of India''' ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: {{IAST|Bhārat Ke Upapradhānamantrī}}), although not a [[Constitution of India|Constitutional]] post, is the second-highest ranking [[Union Council of Ministers|minister of the Union]] in the executive branch of the [[Government of India]] and is a senior member of the [[Union Council of Ministers]]. The office holder also deputizes for the [[Prime Minister of India|prime minister]] in their absence.
 
The sitting deputy prime minister ranks fourth in the [[Order of precedence in India|Order of Precedence of India]]<ref name="OPR">{{Cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/table_of_precedence.pdf|title=Table of Precedence|date=26 July 1979|website=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]], [[Government of India]]|publisher=President's Secretariat|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527155701/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/table_of_precedence.pdf|archive-date=27 May 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=24 September 2017}}</ref> and is nominated by prime minister and appointed by the president of India.
 
The longest-serving deputy prime minister was the first deputy prime minister, [[Vallabhbhai Patel]], whose tenure lasted 3 years and 122 days. His premiership was followed by [[Morarji Desai]], [[Charan Singh]], [[Jagjivan Ram]], [[Yashwantrao Chavan]], [[Devi Lal]] and [[L.K. Advani]].
 
The office has since been only intermittently occupied, having been occupied for a little more than 10 years out of the 75 years since its inception. Since 1950 India has had 7 deputy prime ministers, of which none having at least one full term.
 
==Origins and history==
India follows a [[parliamentary system]] in which the deputy prime minister is the presiding deputy [[head of the government]] and deputy chief of the executive of the government. The deputy prime minister must become a [[Member of Parliament (India)|member of parliament]] within six months of beginning their tenure, if they are not one already.
 
=== 1947–1950 ===
Since 1947, there have been 7 different deputy prime ministers. The first was [[Vallabhbhai Patel]] of the [[Indian National Congress]] party, who was sworn in on 15 August 1947, when India [[Indian Independence Act 1947|gained independence]] from the [[British Raj]]. Serving until his death in December 1950, Patel remains India's longest-serving deputy prime minister.
 
=== 1967–1969 ===
After Patel, the post was vacant until [[Morarji Desai]] became the second deputy prime minister in 1967 and has the second-longest tenure. Morarji Desai and [[Charan Singh]] were the deputy prime ministers who later became [[Prime Minister of India]].
 
After Desai, the post was vacant again for almost 10 years.
 
=== 1979–1980 ===
In less than a year there were 3 different deputy prime ministers, [[Charan Singh]] and [[Jagjivan Ram]] became deputy prime ministers simultaneously under one ministry, and they were consecutively followed  by [[Yashwantrao Chavan]] without any break, who became deputy prime minister in a different ministry.
 
After Chavan, the post was vacant again for almost 10 years.


The '''Deputy Prime Minister of India''' ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: ''Bhārat ke Up Pradhānamantri''), officially the '''Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of India''', is the deputy to the [[Prime Minister of India]], who is head of the [[government of India]]. The deputy prime minister is the second highest-ranking member of the [[Union Council of Ministers]].<ref name="dpmconsti">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/of-deputy-chief-ministers-and-the-constitution/article3632410.ece|title=Of Deputy Chief Ministers and the Constitution|access-date=7 November 2017|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2012-07-13|last1=Rajendran|first1=S.}}</ref> A deputy prime minister usually also holds a senior cabinet portfolio such as the [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|home minister]], [[Minister of Defence (India)|defence minister]] or [[Minister of Finance (India)|finance minister]] or [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|foreign minister]]. In the [[parliamentary system]] of government, the [[Prime Minister of India|prime minister]] is treated as the "first among equals" in the cabinet; the position of deputy prime minister is used to bring political stability and strength within a [[coalition government]] or in times of national emergency, when a proper [[command hierarchy|chain of command]] is necessary. On multiple occasions, proposals have arisen to make the post permanent, but without result. The same goes for the post of deputy chief minister at the state level.
=== 1989–1991 ===
[[Devi Lal]] is the only deputy prime minister to represent both parties in the same post. The post was vacant for 100 days between the two terms of Devi Lal.


The office has since been only intermittently occupied, having been occupied for a little more than 10 years out of the 73 years since its inception. Since 1947 India has had 7 deputy prime ministers, of which none having at least one full term. The first was [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]] of the [[Indian National Congress]] party, who was sworn in on 15 August 1947, when India [[Indian Independence Act 1947|gained independence]] from the [[British Raj]]. Serving until his death in December 1950, Patel remains India's longest-serving deputy prime minister. The post was vacant until [[Morarji Desai]] became the second deputy prime minister in 1967 and has the second-longest tenure. Morarji Desai and [[Chaudhary Charan Singh]] were the deputy prime ministers who later became [[Prime Minister of India]]. [[Babu Jagjivan Ram]] and [[Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan]] became deputy prime ministers consecutively without the break in different ministries. [[Chaudhary Devi Lal]] is the only deputy prime minister to represent both parties in the same post. [[Lal Krishna Advani]] was the seventh and last person to serve as the deputy prime minister of India until the post became vacant.
After Lal, the post was vacant again for more than 11 years.


The current government does not have a deputy prime minister and the post has been vacant since 23 May 2004.
=== 2002–2004 ===
[[Lal Krishna Advani]] was the seventh person to serve as the deputy prime minister of India, until the post became vacant.


== List ==
== List ==
;Key
;Key
* No.: Incumbent number
*{{note label|RES|RES|RES}} Resigned
* {{note label|†|†|†}} Assassinated or died in office
*{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office
* {{note label|§|§|§}} Returned to office after a previous non-consecutive term
*{{note label|§|§|§}} Returned to office after a previous non-consecutive term
* {{note label|RES|RES|RES}} Resigned
* {{note label|NC|NC|NC}} Resigned following a [[no-confidence motion]]


{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="12" |{{Party name with color box|Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP}} (1){{pad}}{{Party name with color box|Indian National Congress|INC}} (2){{pad}}{{Party name with color box|Indian National Congress (U)|INC(U)}} (1) {{pad}}{{Party name with color box|Janata Dal|JD}} (1){{pad}}{{Party name with color box|Janata Party|JP}} (2){{pad}}{{Party name with color box|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)|SJP(R)}} (1)
! colspan="12" |{{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP}} (1){{pad}}{{Party index link|Indian National Congress|INC}} (2){{pad}}{{Party index link|Indian National Congress (Urs)|INC(U)}} (1) {{pad}}{{Party index link|Janata Dal|JD}} (1){{pad}}{{Party index link|Janata Party|JP}} (2){{pad}}{{Party index link|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)|SJP(R)}} (1)
|-
|-
! No.
!colspan="2"| Portrait
! Portrait
!width=200|Name<br><small>(born{{spaced ndash}}died)<br>Constituency</small>
! colspan="2" style="width:18%;"| Name
!colspan="2" |Term of office<br>{{smaller|Duration in years and days}}
<small>{{nowrap|(Birth–Death)}}</small>
!width=225|Other ministerial offices held
! style="width:12%;"|Elected Constituency
!width=100| Political party
! style="width:12%;"|Political Party{{efn|name=party|This column only names the deputy prime minister's party. The central government he heads with prime minister may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.}}
!width=100| Ministry
! colspan=3 style="width:27%;"|Term of office<ref name="term">The ordinal number of the term being served by the person specified in the row in the corresponding period</ref>
!colspan="2"| Prime Minister
! colspan="2" |Prime Minister
|-
! Appointed by
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|rowspan="2"| [[File:Vallabhbhai Patel 1975 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2"| '''[[Vallabhbhai Patel]]'''{{small|<br>(1875–1950)<br>[[Bombay Presidency|Bombay]]<br>''(Constituent Assembly)''}}
|<small>15 August</small>
1947
|{{small|15 December}}<br>1950{{ref label|†|†|†}}
|rowspan="2" align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:90%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs and States]]|[[Minister of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Minister of Information and Broadcasting]] {{small|(1947{{ndash}}1949)}}}}
|rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB" |'''[[First Nehru ministry|Nehru I]]'''
|style="width:10em" rowspan="2"| [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|-
|-
! 1
!colspan="2" style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | '''{{age in years and days|1947|08|15|1950|12|15}}'''
| [[File:Vallabhbhai Patel 1975 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]]'''<br /><small>(1875–1950)</small>
| style="background-color: {{INC/meta/color}}"|
| ''Did not contest''
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| 15 August 1947
| 15 December 1950{{ref label|†|†|†}}
| {{age in years and days|1947|08|15|1950|12|15}}
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| style="background-color: {{INC/meta/color}}"|
| [[Louis Mountbatten]]
|-
|-
| colspan="12" bgcolor="black" | {{ font color | white | black | '''Vacant (16 December 1950 – 12 March 1967)''' }}
| colspan="12" bgcolor="black" |{{font color|white|black |''Position not in use'' (15 December 1950 {{ndash}} 12 March 1967){{dash}}{{age in years and days|1950|12|15|1967|3|12}}}},
|-
|-
! 2
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Morarji Desai 1997 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2"| [[File:Morarji Desai 1997 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Morarji Desai]]'''<br /><small>(1896–1995)</small>
|rowspan="2"| '''[[Morarji Desai]]'''{{small|<br>(1896–1995)<br>MP for [[Surat Lok Sabha constituency|Surat]]}}
| style="background-color: {{INC/meta/color}}"|
|{{small|13 March}}<br>1967
| [[Surat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Surat]], [[Gujarat]]
|{{small|19 July}}<br>1969<br>{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:90%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]] {{small|(1967{{ndash}}1969)}}}}
| 13 March 1967
|rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress]]
| 19 July 1969{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB" |'''[[7th government of India|Indira II]]'''
| {{age in years and days|1967|03|13|1969|07|19}}
|rowspan="2"| [[Indira Gandhi]]
| [[Indira Gandhi]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| style="background-color: {{INC/meta/color}}"|
| [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
|-
|-
| colspan="12" bgcolor="black" | {{ font color | white | black | '''Vacant (20 July 1969 – 23 January 1979)''' }}
!colspan="2" style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | '''{{age in years and days|1967|3|13|1969|7|19}}'''
|-
|-
! 3
| colspan="12" bgcolor="black" |{{font color|white|black | ''Position not in use'' (20 July 1969 {{ndash}} 23 January 1979) {{dash}}{{age in years and days|1969|7|20|1979|1|23}}}}
| [[File:Charan Singh 1990 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Chaudhary Charan Singh]]'''<br /><small>(1902–1987)</small>
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{Janata Party/meta/color}}"|
| [[Baghpat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baghpat]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| [[Janata Party]]
| 24 January 1979
| 16 July 1979{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
| {{age in years and days|1979|01|24|1979|07|16}}
| rowspan = "2" | [[Morarji Desai]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{Janata Party/meta/color}}"|
| rowspan = "3" | [[Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy]]
|-
|-
! 4
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Jagjivan_Ram_1991_stamp_of_India.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2"| [[File:Charan Singh 1990 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Babu Jagjivan Ram]]'''<br /><small>(1908–1986)</small>
|rowspan="2"| '''[[Charan Singh]]'''{{small|<br>(1902–1987)<br>MP for [[Baghpat Lok Sabha constituency|Baghpat]]}}
| [[Sasaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sasaram]], [[Bihar]]
|{{small|24 January}}<br>1979
| [[Janata Party]]
|{{small|16 July}}<br>1979<br>{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
| 24 January 1979
|rowspan="2" align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:90%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]]}}
| 28 July 1979{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
|rowspan="4"| [[Janata Party]]
| {{age in years and days|1979|01|24|1979|07|28}}
|rowspan="4" bgcolor="#4089F7"| '''[[Morarji Desai ministry|Desai]]'''
|rowspan="4"| [[Morarji Desai]]
|rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
|-
|-
! 5
!colspan="2" style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | '''{{age in years and days|1979|1|24|1979|7|16}}'''
| [[File:Yashwantrao Chavan 2010 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan]]'''<br /><small>(1913–1984)</small>
| style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress (U)/meta/color}}"|
| [[Satara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Satara]], [[Maharashtra]]
| [[Indian National Congress (U)]]
| 28 July 1979
| 14 January 1980
| {{age in years and days|1979|07|28|1980|01|14}}
| [[Charan Singh]]
| style="background-color: {{Janata Party (Secular)/meta/color}}"|
|-
|-
| colspan="12" bgcolor="black" | {{ font color | white | black | '''Vacant (15 January 1980 – 1 December 1989)''' }}
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
|rowspan="2"| [[File:Jagjivan Ram 1991 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2"| '''[[Jagjivan Ram]]'''{{small|<br>(1908–1986)<br>MP for [[Sasaram Lok Sabha constituency|Sasaram]]}}
|{{small|24 January}}<br>1979
|{{small|28 July}}<br>1979<br>{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
|rowspan="2" align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:90%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]]}}
|-
|-
! 6
!colspan="2" style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | '''{{age in years and days|1979|1|24|1979|7|28}}'''
| [[File:Chaudhary Devi Lal 2001 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Chaudhary Devi Lal]]'''<br /><small>(1915–2001)</small>
| style="background-color: {{Janata Dal/meta/color}}"|
| [[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]], [[Haryana]]<br />and<br />[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]], [[Rajasthan]]
| [[Janata Dal]]
| 2 December 1989
| 1 August 1990
| {{age in years and days|1989|12|02|1990|08|01}}
| [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]
| style="background-color: {{Janata Dal/meta/color}}"|
| [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]]
|-
|-
| colspan="12" bgcolor="black" | {{ font color | white | black | '''Vacant (2 August 1990 – 9 November 1990)''' }}
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (Urs)}}"|
|rowspan="2"| [[File:Yashwantrao Chavan 2010 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2"| '''[[Yashwantrao Chavan]]'''<br>{{small|(1913–1984)<br>MP for [[Satara Lok Sabha constituency|Satara]]}}
|{{small|28 July}}<br>1979
|{{small|14 January}}<br>1980
|rowspan="2" align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:90%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]}}
|rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress (Urs)]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#6495ED"|'''[[Charan Singh ministry|Charan]]'''
|rowspan="2"| [[Charan Singh]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}"|
|-
|-
! (6)
!colspan="2" style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | '''{{age in years and days|1979|7|28|1980|1|14}}'''
| [[File:Chaudhary Devi Lal 2001 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Chaudhary Devi Lal]]'''<br /><small>(1915–2001)</small>
| style="background-color: {{Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)/meta/color}}"|
| [[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]], [[Haryana]]<br />and<br />[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]], [[Rajasthan]]
| [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]
| 10 November 1990
| 21 June 1991
| {{age in years and days|1990|11|10|1991|06|21}}
| [[Chandra Shekhar]]
| style="background-color: {{Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)/meta/color}}"|
| [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]]
|-
|-
| colspan="12" bgcolor="black" | {{ font color | white | black | '''Vacant (22 June 1991 – 28 June 2002)''' }}
| colspan="12" bgcolor="black" |{{font color|white|black | ''Position not in use'' (14 January 1980 {{ndash}} 1 December 1989) {{dash}}{{age in years and days|1980|1|14|1989|12|1}}}}
|-
|-
! 7
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| [[File:L.K. Advani.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2"| [[File:Chaudhary Devi Lal 2001 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Lal Krishna Advani]]'''<br /><small>(1927–)</small>
|rowspan="2"| '''[[Devi Lal]]'''{{small|<br>(1915–2001)<br>MP for [[Sikar Lok Sabha constituency|Sikar]]}}
| style="background-color: {{BJP/meta/color}}"|
|{{small|2 December}}<br>1989
| [[Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gandhinagar]], [[Gujarat]]
|{{small|1 August}}<br>1990<br>{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:90%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare|Minister of Agriculture]]}}
| 29 June 2002
|rowspan="2"| [[Janata Dal]]
| 22 May 2004
|rowspan="2" style="background:#4C915F"| '''[[V. P. Singh ministry|Singh]]'''
| {{age in years and days|2002|06|29|2004|05|22}}
|rowspan="2"| [[V. P. Singh]]
| [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| style="background-color: {{BJP/meta/color}}"|
| [[K. R. Narayanan]]
|-
|-
| colspan="12" bgcolor="black" | {{ font color | white | black | '''Vacant (Since 23 May 2004)''' }}
!colspan="2" style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | '''{{age in years and days|1989|12|2|1990|8|1}}'''
|-
|colspan="12" bgcolor="black" |{{font color|white|black | ''Position not in use'' (1 August 1990 {{ndash}} 9 November 1990) {{dash}}{{age in years and days|1990|8|1|1990|11|9}}}}
|-
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}"|
|rowspan="2"| [[File:Chaudhary Devi Lal 2001 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2"| '''[[Devi Lal]]'''{{small|<br>(1915–2001)<br>MP for [[Sikar Lok Sabha constituency|Sikar]]}}
|{{small|10 November}}<br>1990
|{{small|21 June}}<br>1991<br>{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
|rowspan="2" align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:90%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare|Minister of Agriculture]] {{small|(1990{{ndash}}1991)}}|[[Minister of Tourism (India)|Minister of Tourism]] {{small|(1990{{ndash}}1991)}}}}
|rowspan="2"| [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:#74C365"| '''[[Chandra Shekhar ministry|Shekhar]]'''
|rowspan="2"| [[Chandra Shekhar]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}"|
|-
!colspan="2" style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | '''{{age in years and days|1990|11|10|1991|6|21}}'''
|-
|colspan="12" bgcolor="black" |{{font color|white|black | ''Position not in use'' (22 June 1991 {{ndash}} 28 June 2002){{dash}}{{age in years and days|1991|6|22|2002|6|28}}}}
|-
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|rowspan="2"| [[File:Lkadvani.jpg|95px]]
|rowspan="2"| '''[[L. K. Advani|Lal Krishna Advani]]'''{{small|<br>(born 1927)<br>MP for [[Gandhinagar Lok Sabha constituency|Gandhinagar]]}}
|{{small|29 June}}<br>2002
|{{small|22 May}}<br>2004
|rowspan="2" align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:90%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]|[[Minister of Coal (India)|Minister of Coal]] and [[Minister of Mines (India)|Mines]] {{small|(2002)}}|[[Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]] {{small|(2003{{ndash}}2004)}}}}
|rowspan="2"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:#FFA551;"| '''[[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]]'''
|rowspan="2"| [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|-
!colspan="2" style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal" | '''{{age in years and days|2002|6|29|2004|5|22}}'''
|-
| colspan="12" bgcolor="black" |{{font color|white|black | ''Position not in use'' (22 May 2004 {{ndash}} ''present''){{dash}}{{age in years and days|2004|5|22}}}}
|}
|}


==Statistics==
== List of deputy prime ministers by length of term ==
;List of deputy prime ministers by length of term
 
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:75%; text-align:center"
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Name
!rowspan=2 colspan=4|Party
!colspan=2|Length of term
|-
|-
! data-sort-type=number rowspan = "2" | {{Tooltip|No.}}
!Longest continuous term
! rowspan = "2" | Name
!Total years of <br> deputy prime ministership
! rowspan = "2" | Party
! colspan = "2" | Length of term
|-
|-
! Longest continuous term
!1
! Total years of deputy premiership
|[[Vallabhbhai Patel]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| colspan="2" |3 years, 122 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="1" | 1
!2
| [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]]
|[[Morarji Desai]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| colspan="2" |2 years, 128 days
| 3 years, 122 days
| 3 years, 122 days
|-
|-
!3
|[[Lal Krishna Advani]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|BJP}}"|
|colspan=3|[[BJP]]
| colspan="2" |1 year, 328 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="2" | 2
!4
| [[Morarji Desai]]
|[[Devi Lal]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| 2 years, 128 days
|[[Janata Dal|JD]]
| 2 years, 128 days
|style="background-color:{{party color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}"|
|[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)|SJP(R)]]
|242 days
|1 year, 100 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="3" | 3
!5
| [[Lal Krishna Advani]]
|[[Jagjivan Ram]]
| [[BJP]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
| 1 year, 328 days
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" |[[Janata Party|JP]]
| 1 year, 328 days
| colspan="2" |185 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="4" | 4
!6
| [[Chaudhary Devi Lal]]
|[[Charan Singh]]
| [[Janata Dal|JD]]/[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)|SJP(R)]]
| colspan="2" |173 days
| 242 days
| 1 year, 100 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="5" | 5
!7
| [[Babu Jagjivan Ram]]
|[[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
| [[Janata Party|JP]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress (Urs)}}"|
| 185 days
|colspan=3|[[Indian National Congress (Urs)|INC(U)]]
| 185 days
| colspan="2" |170 days
|-
! data-sort-value="6" | 6
| [[Chaudhary Charan Singh]]
| [[Janata Party|JP]]
| 173 days
| 173 days
|-
! data-sort-value="7" | 7
| [[Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan]]
| [[Indian National Congress (U)|INC(U)]]
| 170 days
| 170 days
|}
|}


;Timeline
;Timeline
{{#tag:timeline|  
{{#tag:timeline|  
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  id:jd    value:rgb(0.18039,0.54509,0.34117) legend: JD
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  id:vacant value:black legend: Vacant
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bar:Singh
bar:Ram
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bar:Advani


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  width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
   barset:DPM
 
bar:Patel
from: 15/08/1947 till: 15/12/1950 color:inc text:"[[Vallabhbhai Patel|Patel]]" fontsize:10
bar:Vacant
from: 16/12/1950 till: 12/03/1967 color:vacant
from: 20/07/1969 till: 23/01/1979 color:vacant
from: 14/01/1980 till: 01/12/1989 color:vacant
from: 01/08/1990 till: 09/11/1990 color:vacant
from: 22/06/1991 till: 28/06/2002 color:vacant
from: 23/05/2004 till: $today color:vacant text:"Vacant" fontsize:10
bar:Desai
from: 13/03/1967 till: 19/07/1969 color:inc text:"[[Morarji Desai|Desai]]" fontsize:10
bar:Singh
from: 24/01/1979 till: 16/07/1979 color:jp text:"[[Charan Singh|Singh]]" fontsize:10
bar:Ram
from: 24/01/1979 till: 28/07/1979 color:jp text:"[[Jagjivan Ram|Ram]]" fontsize:10
bar:Chavan
from: 28/07/1979 till: 14/01/1980 color:incu text:"[[Yashwantrao Chavan|Chavan]]" fontsize:10
bar:Lal
from: 02/12/1989 till: 01/08/1990 color:jd
from: 10/11/1990 till: 21/06/1991 color:sjpr text:"[[Devi Lal|Lal]]" fontsize:10
bar:Advani
from: 29/06/2002 till: 22/05/2004 color:bjp text:"[[Lal Krishna Advani|Advani]]" fontsize:10
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== Lifespan of deputy prime ministers ==
 
{{#tag:timeline|
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    id:lightline      value:rgb(0.9, 0.9, 0.9)
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    id:LIFESPAN      value:rgb(0.88, 0.90, 0.70) Legend: Lifespan
    id:vacant        value:black legend: Vacant
    id:DPM_INC        value:rgb(0, 0.74902, 1) Legend: Indian_National_Congress
    id:DPM_INCU      value:rgb(0.46666,0.46666,1) Legend:INC(U)
    id:DPM_JP        value:blue Legend: Janata_Party
    id:DPM_JD        value:kelleygreen Legend: Janata_Dal
    id:DPM_SJP(R)    value:green Legend: Samajwadi_Janata_Party_(Rashtriya)
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    color:DPM_INC
from: 24/01/1979 till: 28/07/1979 color:jp text:"[[Babu Jagjivan Ram]]" fontsize:10
    from:15/08/1947 till:15/12/1950
from: 28/07/1979 till: 14/01/1980 color:incu text:"[[Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan]]" fontsize:10
   
from: 15/01/1980 till: 01/12/1989 color:vacant text:"[[Vacant]]" fontsize:10
  bar:2 width:18
from: 02/12/1989 till: 01/08/1990 color:jd text:"[[Chaudhary Devi Lal]]" fontsize:10
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    color:vacant
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    from:15/12/1950 till:12/03/1967
from: 22/06/1991 till: 28/06/2002 color:vacant text:"[[Vacant]]" fontsize:10
 
from: 29/06/2002 till: 22/05/2004 color:bjp text:"[[Lal Krishna Advani]]" fontsize:10
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from: 23/05/2004 till: end color:vacant text:"[[Vacant]]" fontsize:10
    color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M
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    color:DPM_INC
    from:13/03/1967 till:19/07/1969
 
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    color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M
    color:vacant
    from:20/07/1969 till:23/01/1979
   
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    color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M
    from:23/12/1902 till:29/05/1987 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:[[Charan Singh]]
    color:DPM_JP
    from:24/01/1979 till:16/07/1979
 
  bar:5 width:18
    color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M
    from:15/04/1908 till:06/07/1986 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:[[Jagjivan Ram]]
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    from:24/01/1979 till:28/07/1979
 
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    color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M
    from:12/03/1913 till:25/11/1984 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:[[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
    color:DPM_INCU
    from:28/07/1979 till:14/01/1980
 
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    color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M
    color:vacant
    from:14/01/1980 till:01/12/1989
 
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    from:25/09/1915 till:06/04/2001 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:[[Devi Lal]]
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    color:DPM_SJP(R)
    from:10/11/1990 till:21/06/1991
 
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    color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M
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    from:01/08/1990 till:09/11/1990
    from:22/06/1991 till:28/06/2002
 
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    color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M
    from:08/11/1927 till:$now shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:[[L. K. Advani]]
    color:DPM_BJP
    from:29/06/2002 till:22/05/2004
 
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  text:"Lifespan and terms of office of each deputy prime minister of India"
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;List by party
== List by party ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
 
|+Political parties by total timespan of their member holding [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Deputy Prime Minister's Office]] ({{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}})
{{Pie chart
|-
| caption= Fraction of time of holding DPMO by party (excluding '''''Vacant''''')
| label1 = [[Indian National Congress]]
| value1 = 57.855 | color1 = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}
| label2 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| value2 = 19.303 | color2 = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| label3 = [[Janata Dal]]
| value3 = 6.740 | color3 = {{party color|Janata Dal}}
| label4 = [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]
| value4 = 6.211 | color4 = {{party color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}
| label5 = [[Janata Party]]
| value5 = 5.153 | color5 = {{party color|Janata Party}}
| label6 = [[Indian National Congress (Urs)]]
| value6 = 4.735 | color6 = {{party color|Indian National Congress (Urs)}}
}}
 
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|+Political parties by total timespan of their member holding Deputy Prime Minister's Office <br> ({{Date}})
! data-sort-type=number | {{Tooltip|No.}}
! data-sort-type=number | {{Tooltip|No.}}
! Political party
! Political party
! data-sort-type=number | Number of Deputy prime ministers
! data-sort-type=number | Number of Deputy Prime ministers
! Total days of holding DPMO
! Total days of holding DPMO
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="1" | 1
!1
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| data-sort-type=6 | 2
|2
| 2077 days
|2077 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="2" | 2
!2
| [[BJP]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| data-sort-type=2 | 1
|1
| 693 days
|693 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="3" | 3
!3
| [[Janata Party|JP]]
|[[Janata Dal]]
| data-sort-type=1 | 2
|1
| 358 days
|242 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="4" | 4
!4
| [[Janata Dal|JD]]
|[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]
| data-sort-type=3 | 1
|1
| 242 days
|223 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="5" | 5
!5
| [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)|SJP(R)]]
|[[Janata Party]]
| data-sort-type=1 | 1
|2
| 223 days
|185 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="6" | 6
!6
| [[Indian National Congress (U)|INC(U)]]
|[[Indian National Congress (Urs)]]
| data-sort-type=1 | 1
|1
| 170 days
|170 days
|}
|}


;Parties by total duration (in days) of holding Deputy Prime Minister's Office
=== Parties by total duration (in days) of holding Deputy Prime Minister's Office ===
{{ #invoke:Chart | bar chart
| float = center
| width = 800
| height = 300
| stack = 1
| group 1 = 2077:0:0:0:0:0
| group 2 = 0:693:0:0:0:0
| group 3 = 0:0:358:0:0:0
| group 4 = 0:0:0:242:0:0
| group 5 = 0:0:0:0:223:0
| group 6 = 0:0:0:0:0:170
| colors = #00BFFF : #FF9933 : #1F75FE : #2E8B57 : #74C365 : #7777FF
| group names = [[Indian National Congress|INC]] : [[BJP]] : [[Janata Party|JP]] : [[Janata Dal|JD]] : [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)|SJP(R)]] : [[Indian National Congress (U)|INC(U)]]
| x legends = INC : BJP : JP : JD : SJP(R) : INC(U)}}


==Living former deputy prime ministers==
{{#invoke:Chart|bar chart
As of {{Currentday}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}, there is only one living former deputy prime minister of India:
|float      = center
 
|width      = 800
<gallery class="center" caption="Living former deputy prime ministers">
|height      = 300
File:L.K. Advani.jpg|[[Lal Krishna Advani]]<br/>(2002–2004)<br />{{birth date and age|1927|11|08|df=y}}
|stack      = 1
</gallery>
|group 1    = 2077:0:0:0:0:0
|group 2    = 0:693:0:0:0:0
|group 3    = 0:0:242:0:0:0
|group 4    = 0:0:0:223:0:0
|group 5    = 0:0:0:0:185:0
|group 6    = 0:0:0:0:0:170
|colors      = #00BFFF:#FF9933:#2E8B57:#74C365:#1F75FE:#7777FF
|group names = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]:[[BJP]]:[[Janata Dal|JD]]:[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)|SJP(R)]]:[[Janata Party|JP]]:[[Indian National Congress (Urs)|INC(U)]]
|x legends  = INC:BJP:JD:SJP(R):JP:INC(U)
}}


==See also==
==See also==
* [[President of India]]
*[[President of India]]
* [[Vice President of India]]
*[[List of presidents of India]]
* [[Prime Minister of India]]
*[[Vice President of India]]
* [[List of presidents of India]]
*[[List of vice presidents of India]]
* [[List of vice presidents of India]]
*[[Prime Minister of India]]
* [[List of prime ministers of India]]
*[[List of prime ministers of India]]


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 351: Line 537:


{{Deputy Prime Ministers of India}}
{{Deputy Prime Ministers of India}}
{{Heads of the Ministries of the Government of India}}
{{Union ministries of India}}
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}


[[Category:Indian Deputy Prime Ministers| ]]
[[Category:Indian deputy prime ministers]]
[[Category:Lists of political office-holders in India]]
[[Category:Lists of political office-holders in India]]

Latest revision as of 15:58, 7 March 2026


Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of India
Bhārat Ke Upapradhānamantrī
State Emblem of India
Flag of India
Incumbent
Vacant
since 23 May 2004
Government of India
Style
TypeDeputy Head of government
StatusDeputy Leader of the Executive
AbbreviationDPM
Member of
Reports to
NominatorPrime Minister of India
AppointerPresident of India
Term lengthAt the pleasure of the president
  • Lok Sabha term is 5 years unless dissolved sooner
  • No term limits specified
Constituting instrumentNot mentioned in the Constitution of India
Formation15 August 1947;
78 years, 364 days ago
First holderVallabhbhai Patel
Final holderL. K. Advani

The deputy prime minister of India (IAST: Bhārat Ke Upapradhānamantrī), although not a Constitutional post, is the second-highest ranking minister of the Union in the executive branch of the Government of India and is a senior member of the Union Council of Ministers. The office holder also deputizes for the prime minister in their absence.

The sitting deputy prime minister ranks fourth in the Order of Precedence of India[1] and is nominated by prime minister and appointed by the president of India.

The longest-serving deputy prime minister was the first deputy prime minister, Vallabhbhai Patel, whose tenure lasted 3 years and 122 days. His premiership was followed by Morarji Desai, Charan Singh, Jagjivan Ram, Yashwantrao Chavan, Devi Lal and L.K. Advani.

The office has since been only intermittently occupied, having been occupied for a little more than 10 years out of the 75 years since its inception. Since 1950 India has had 7 deputy prime ministers, of which none having at least one full term.

Origins and history[edit | edit source]

India follows a parliamentary system in which the deputy prime minister is the presiding deputy head of the government and deputy chief of the executive of the government. The deputy prime minister must become a member of parliament within six months of beginning their tenure, if they are not one already.

1947–1950[edit | edit source]

Since 1947, there have been 7 different deputy prime ministers. The first was Vallabhbhai Patel of the Indian National Congress party, who was sworn in on 15 August 1947, when India gained independence from the British Raj. Serving until his death in December 1950, Patel remains India's longest-serving deputy prime minister.

1967–1969[edit | edit source]

After Patel, the post was vacant until Morarji Desai became the second deputy prime minister in 1967 and has the second-longest tenure. Morarji Desai and Charan Singh were the deputy prime ministers who later became Prime Minister of India.

After Desai, the post was vacant again for almost 10 years.

1979–1980[edit | edit source]

In less than a year there were 3 different deputy prime ministers, Charan Singh and Jagjivan Ram became deputy prime ministers simultaneously under one ministry, and they were consecutively followed by Yashwantrao Chavan without any break, who became deputy prime minister in a different ministry.

After Chavan, the post was vacant again for almost 10 years.

1989–1991[edit | edit source]

Devi Lal is the only deputy prime minister to represent both parties in the same post. The post was vacant for 100 days between the two terms of Devi Lal.

After Lal, the post was vacant again for more than 11 years.

2002–2004[edit | edit source]

Lal Krishna Advani was the seventh person to serve as the deputy prime minister of India, until the post became vacant.

List[edit | edit source]

Key
  • RES Resigned
  • † Died in office
  • § Returned to office after a previous non-consecutive term
  BJP   (1)   INC   (2)   [[Indian National Congress (Urs)|Template:Indian National Congress (Urs)/meta/shortname]]   (1)    JD   (1)   JP   (2)   [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)|Template:Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)/meta/shortname]]   (1)
Portrait Name
(born – died)
Constituency 		Term of office
Duration in years and days 		Other ministerial offices held Political party Ministry Prime Minister
Vallabhbhai Patel
(1875–1950)
Bombay
(Constituent Assembly) 		15 August

1947

15 December
1950[†] 		Indian National Congress Nehru I Jawaharlal Nehru
3 years, 122 days
Position not in use (15 December 1950 – 12 March 1967) – 16 years, 87 days,
Morarji Desai
(1896–1995)
MP for Surat 		13 March
1967 		19 July
1969
[RES]
Indian National Congress Indira II Indira Gandhi
2 years, 128 days
Position not in use (20 July 1969 – 23 January 1979)  – 9 years, 187 days
Charan Singh
(1902–1987)
MP for Baghpat 		24 January
1979 		16 July
1979
[RES] 		Janata Party Desai Morarji Desai
173 days
Jagjivan Ram
(1908–1986)
MP for Sasaram 		24 January
1979 		28 July
1979
[RES]
185 days
Yashwantrao Chavan
(1913–1984)
MP for Satara 		28 July
1979 		14 January
1980 		Indian National Congress (Urs) Charan Charan Singh
170 days
Position not in use (14 January 1980 – 1 December 1989)  – 9 years, 321 days
Devi Lal
(1915–2001)
MP for Sikar 		2 December
1989 		1 August
1990
[RES] 		Janata Dal Singh V. P. Singh
242 days
Position not in use (1 August 1990 – 9 November 1990)  – 100 days
Devi Lal
(1915–2001)
MP for Sikar 		10 November
1990 		21 June
1991
[RES]
Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) Shekhar Chandra Shekhar
223 days
Position not in use (22 June 1991 – 28 June 2002) – 11 years, 6 days
Lal Krishna Advani
(born 1927)
MP for Gandhinagar 		29 June
2002 		22 May
2004 		Bharatiya Janata Party Vajpayee III Atal Bihari Vajpayee
1 year, 328 days
Position not in use (22 May 2004 – present) – 22 years, 84 days

List of deputy prime ministers by length of term[edit | edit source]

No. Name Party Length of term
Longest continuous term Total years of
deputy prime ministership
1 Vallabhbhai Patel INC 3 years, 122 days
2 Morarji Desai 2 years, 128 days
3 Lal Krishna Advani BJP 1 year, 328 days
4 Devi Lal JD SJP(R) 242 days 1 year, 100 days
5 Jagjivan Ram JP 185 days
6 Charan Singh 173 days
7 Yashwantrao Chavan INC(U) 170 days
Timeline
Lal Krishna AdvaniDevi LalYashwantrao ChavanJagjivan RamCharan SinghMorarji DesaiVallabhbhai Patel

Lifespan of deputy prime ministers[edit | edit source]

L. K. AdvaniDevi LalYashwantrao ChavanJagjivan RamCharan SinghMorarji DesaiVallabhbhai Patel

List by party[edit | edit source]

Fraction of time of holding DPMO by party (excluding Vacant)

  Indian National Congress (57.855%)
  Bharatiya Janata Party (19.303%)
  Janata Dal (6.740%)
  Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) (6.211%)
  Janata Party (5.153%)
  Indian National Congress (Urs) (4.735%)
Political parties by total timespan of their member holding Deputy Prime Minister's Office
(14 August 2026)
No. Political party Number of Deputy Prime ministers Total days of holding DPMO
1 Indian National Congress 2 2077 days
2 Bharatiya Janata Party 1 693 days
3 Janata Dal 1 242 days
4 Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) 1 223 days
5 Janata Party 2 185 days
6 Indian National Congress (Urs) 1 170 days

Parties by total duration (in days) of holding Deputy Prime Minister's Office[edit | edit source]

500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
INC
BJP
JD
SJP(R)
JP
INC(U)

See also[edit | edit source]

Notes[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Table of Precedence" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. President's Secretariat. 26 July 1979. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
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