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{{Short description|Territory located in Bengal in ancient and medieval time}} | |||
{{about|the territory in ancient and medieval Bengal|the historical town with same name|Gauḍa (city)|other uses|Gauda (disambiguation){{!}}Gauda}} | {{about|the territory in ancient and medieval Bengal|the historical town with same name|Gauḍa (city)|other uses|Gauda (disambiguation){{!}}Gauda}} | ||
{{History of Bengal}} | {{History of Bengal}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} | {{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} | ||
'''Gauda''' ({{ | '''Gauda''' ({{langx|bn|গৌড়}} ''Gauṛ''), was a territory located in [[Bengal]] in ancient and medieval times,<ref name = Banglapedia>{{cite web | url = http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Gauda,_Janapada | ||
| title = Gauda| access-date = 2009-08-22 | last = Ghosh | first = Suchandra | work = Banglapedia | publisher = Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}}</ref> as part of the [[Gauda Kingdom]]. | | title = Gauda| access-date = 2009-08-22 | last = Ghosh | first = Suchandra | work = [[Banglapedia]] | publisher = Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}}</ref> as part of the [[Gauda Kingdom]]. | ||
==Location and extent== | ==Location and extent== | ||
The ''[[Arthashastra]]'' of [[Chanakya]] (around 350–283 BC) refers to it along with [[Vanga Kingdom|Vanga]], [[Pundravardhana|Pundra | The ''[[Arthashastra]]'' of [[Chanakya]] (around 350–283 BC) refers to it along with [[Vanga Kingdom|Vanga]], [[Pundravardhana|Pundra]]. This geographical idea continues with some of the ancient texts.<ref name = Banglapedia/> Gauda and Vanga are sometimes used side by side.<ref name = Majumdar>{{cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R. C. |author-link=R. C. Majumdar |year=1971 |title=History of Ancient Bengal |location=Calcutta |publisher=G. Bhardwaj & Co. |pages=6–8 |oclc=961157849}}.</ref> In the Sanskrit text [[Manasollasa]] (1129 CE), the name ''Gauda-Vangala'' was used to denote the whole of [[Bengal region]]. | ||
[[Shashanka]], the first important king of ancient Bengal who is believed to have ruled between 590 AD to 625 AD, had his capital at [[Karnasubarna]], {{convert|9.6|km}} south-west of [[ | [[Shashanka]], the first important king of ancient Bengal who is believed to have ruled between 590 AD to 625 AD, had his capital at [[Karnasubarna]], {{convert|9.6|km}} south-west of [[Baharampur]], headquarters of Murshidabad district.<ref name = Majumdar/> The Chinese monk, [[Xuanzang]] (Hiuen Tsang) travelled from the country of Karnasubarna to a region in Orissa ruled by Shashanka.<ref name = Banglapedia/> There is mention of [[Pundravardhana]] being part of Gauda in certain ancient records.<ref>[[R. D. Banerji|Bandopadhyay, Rakhaldas]], ''Bangalar Itihas'', {{in lang|bn}}, first published 1928, revised edition 1971, vol I, p 101, Nababharat Publishers, 72 Mahatma Gandhi Road, Kolkata.</ref> | ||
Evidence seems to be discrepant regarding links of Gauda with the [[Rarh]] | Evidence seems to be discrepant regarding links of Gauda with the [[Rarh region]]. While [[Krishna Mishra]] (eleventh or twelfth century AD), in his ''Prabodha-chandrodaya'', mentions that Gauda rashtra includes Rarh (or Rarhpuri) and Bhurishreshthika, identified with [[Bhurshut]], in [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] and [[Howrah district|Howrah]] districts, but the Managoli inscription of the [[Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri|Yadava]] king [[Jaitugi I]] distinguishes Lala (Rarh) from Gaula (Gauda).<ref name = Majumdar/> | ||
The [[Pala Empire|Pala]] emperors were referred to as Vangapati (Lord of Vanga) and Gaudesvara (Lord of Gauda). [[Sena dynasty|Sena]] kings also called themselves Gaudesvara. From then Gauda and Vanga seem to be interchangeable names for the whole of Bengal.<ref name = Majumdar/> | The [[Pala Empire|Pala]] emperors were referred to as Vangapati (Lord of Vanga) and Gaudesvara (Lord of Gauda). [[Sena dynasty|Sena]] kings also called themselves Gaudesvara. From then Gauda and Vanga seem to be interchangeable names for the whole of Bengal.<ref name = Majumdar/> | ||
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According to Jain writers of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Gauda included Lakshmanavati in present-day [[Malda district]].<ref name = Majumdar/> | According to Jain writers of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Gauda included Lakshmanavati in present-day [[Malda district]].<ref name = Majumdar/> | ||
[[File:Gourruins.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Early 19th century [[lithograph]] of the Muslim ruins of Dakhil Darwaza at [[Gaur, West Bengal]].]] | [[File:Gourruins.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Early 19th century [[lithograph]] of the Muslim ruins of [[Dakhil Darwaza]] at [[Gaur, West Bengal]].]] | ||
In the early Muslim period the name Gauda came to be applied to [[Gaur, West Bengal|Lakhanavati]] in Malda district.<ref name = Majumdar/> | In the early Muslim period the name Gauda came to be applied to [[Gaur, West Bengal|Lakhanavati]] in Malda district.<ref name = Majumdar/> | ||
In the narrower sense Gauda is the territory between the river Padma and Bardhamana region. | In the narrower sense Gauda is the territory between the river Padma and Bardhamana region. | ||
== | ==City of Gauda== | ||
{{Main|Gauḍa (city)}} | |||
[[Gauḍa (city)|Gauda]] or Gaur, as it is spelled mostly in modern times, refers to '''Lakhnauti''' the ruined city located on the India-Bangladesh border. Most of the former citadel is located in present-day the [[Malda district]] of [[West Bengal]], India, while a smaller part is located in [[Chapainawabganj District]] of [[Bangladesh]]. This city was on the east bank of the [[Ganges|Ganges river]], 40 kilometers (25 mi) downstream from Rajmahal. However, the current course of the Ganges is far away from the ruins. | |||
{{Clear}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{Malda topics}} | {{Malda topics}} | ||
[[Category:Historical regions in India]] | |||
[[Category:Historical | |||
[[Category:Ancient divisions in Bengal]] | [[Category:Ancient divisions in Bengal]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:26, 2 March 2026
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Gauda (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. Gauṛ), was a territory located in Bengal in ancient and medieval times,[1] as part of the Gauda Kingdom.
Location and extent[edit | edit source]
The Arthashastra of Chanakya (around 350–283 BC) refers to it along with Vanga, Pundra. This geographical idea continues with some of the ancient texts.[1] Gauda and Vanga are sometimes used side by side.[2] In the Sanskrit text Manasollasa (1129 CE), the name Gauda-Vangala was used to denote the whole of Bengal region.
Shashanka, the first important king of ancient Bengal who is believed to have ruled between 590 AD to 625 AD, had his capital at Karnasubarna, 9.6 kilometres (6.0 mi) south-west of Baharampur, headquarters of Murshidabad district.[2] The Chinese monk, Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) travelled from the country of Karnasubarna to a region in Orissa ruled by Shashanka.[1] There is mention of Pundravardhana being part of Gauda in certain ancient records.[3]
Evidence seems to be discrepant regarding links of Gauda with the Rarh region. While Krishna Mishra (eleventh or twelfth century AD), in his Prabodha-chandrodaya, mentions that Gauda rashtra includes Rarh (or Rarhpuri) and Bhurishreshthika, identified with Bhurshut, in Hooghly and Howrah districts, but the Managoli inscription of the Yadava king Jaitugi I distinguishes Lala (Rarh) from Gaula (Gauda).[2]
The Pala emperors were referred to as Vangapati (Lord of Vanga) and Gaudesvara (Lord of Gauda). Sena kings also called themselves Gaudesvara. From then Gauda and Vanga seem to be interchangeable names for the whole of Bengal.[2]
According to Jain writers of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Gauda included Lakshmanavati in present-day Malda district.[2]
In the early Muslim period the name Gauda came to be applied to Lakhanavati in Malda district.[2] In the narrower sense Gauda is the territory between the river Padma and Bardhamana region.
City of Gauda[edit | edit source]
Gauda or Gaur, as it is spelled mostly in modern times, refers to Lakhnauti the ruined city located on the India-Bangladesh border. Most of the former citadel is located in present-day the Malda district of West Bengal, India, while a smaller part is located in Chapainawabganj District of Bangladesh. This city was on the east bank of the Ganges river, 40 kilometers (25 mi) downstream from Rajmahal. However, the current course of the Ganges is far away from the ruins.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ghosh, Suchandra. "Gauda". Banglapedia. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Majumdar, R. C. (1971). History of Ancient Bengal. Calcutta: G. Bhardwaj & Co. pp. 6–8. OCLC 961157849..
- ↑ Bandopadhyay, Rakhaldas, Bangalar Itihas, (in Bengali), first published 1928, revised edition 1971, vol I, p 101, Nababharat Publishers, 72 Mahatma Gandhi Road, Kolkata.