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{{Short description| | {{Short description|1914 engagement of World War I}} | ||
{{for|the earlier French bombardment|Battle of Madras}} | {{for|the earlier French bombardment in 1746|Battle of Madras}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}} | |||
{{Infobox military conflict | {{Infobox military conflict | ||
|conflict=Bombardment of Madras | |conflict = Bombardment of Madras | ||
|partof=the [[World War I | |partof = the [[Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I]] | ||
|image=Bombardment of Madras by S.S. Emden 1914.jpg | |image=Bombardment of Madras by S.S. Emden 1914.jpg | ||
|image_size=300px | |image_size=300px | ||
| Line 9: | Line 11: | ||
|date=22 September 1914 | |date=22 September 1914 | ||
|place=[[Chennai|Madras]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|India]] | |place=[[Chennai|Madras]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|India]] | ||
|result=German victory | |result=German victory | ||
|combatant1={{flagcountry|size=23px|British India}} | |combatant1={{flagcountry|size=23px|British India}} | ||
|combatant2={{flagicon|German Empire}} [[German Empire|Germany]] | |combatant2={{flagicon|German Empire}} [[German Empire|Germany]] | ||
|commander1= | |commander1=Unknown | ||
|commander2={{flagicon|German Empire|naval}} [[Karl von Müller]] | |commander2={{flagicon|German Empire|naval}} [[Karl von Müller]] | ||
|strength1= | |strength1=Unknown | ||
|strength2= | |strength2=Light cruiser {{SMS|Emden|1906|2}} | ||
|casualties1=1 steamer sunk<br />5 killed<br/>26 wounded | |casualties1=1 steamer sunk<br />5 killed<br/>26 wounded | ||
|casualties2= | |casualties2=None | ||
|notes= | |notes= | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{campaignbox Asian and Pacific Campaign}} | |||
{{Campaignbox Command of the Oceans 1914-1915}} | {{Campaignbox Command of the Oceans 1914-1915}} | ||
The '''bombardment of Madras''' was an engagement of the [[World War I|First World War]], at [[Madras]] (now Chennai), [[ | The '''bombardment of Madras''' was an engagement of the [[World War I|First World War]], at [[Madras]] (now Chennai), [[British Raj|British India]]. The bombardment was initiated by the [[German Empire|German]] [[light cruiser]] [[SMS Emden (1908)|''Emden'']] at the outset of the war in 1914.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Rangan | last=Datta |title=108 years of Emden – the only World War I attack on India |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/emden-attack-a-german-cruiser-that-rocked-madras-india-during-world-war-i-in-september-1914/cid/1888328 | newspaper=The Telegraph | location=India | date=23 September 2022 | access-date=29 March 2025}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Emden Plaque Madras.jpg|thumb|right|Emden Plaque at [[Madras High Court]], Chennai,[[Chennai|Madras]]]] | |||
With [[Captain (naval)|Captain]] [[Karl von Müller]] in command, on the night of 22 September 1914, SMS ''Emden'' quietly approached the city of [[Chennai|Madras]] on the southeastern coast of the [[Indian peninsula]]. As he later wrote, "I had this shelling in view simply as a demonstration to arouse interest among the Indian population, to disturb English commerce, to diminish English prestige." After entering the [[Chennai Port|Madras harbour]] area, Müller illuminated six large [[fuel oil|oil]] tanks belonging to the [[Burmah Oil Company]] with his [[searchlight]]s, then fired at a range of 3,000 yards. After ten minutes of firing, ''Emden'' had hit five of the tanks and destroyed 346,000 gallons of fuel, and the cruiser then successfully retreated.{{sfn|Keegan|2004|pp=127-128}} | |||
Soon the word Emden entered the Tamil dictionary and was used to describe someone powerful, frightening and with a wicked intent.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saini |first=Ajay |date=2020-02-22 |title=How German cruiser 'Emden' struck terror in the heart of the British Empire, and became a Tamil word |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/how-german-cruiser-emden-struck-terror-in-the-heart-of-the-british-empire-and-became-a-tamil-word/article30881258.ece |access-date=2022-07-15 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | |||
== Footnotes == | == Footnotes == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
{{Portal bar|India}} | |||
== References and external links == | == References and external links == | ||
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}} | }} | ||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080308150544/http://www.historynet.com/air_sea/naval_battles/7557922.html ''Karl Friedrich Max von Müller: Captain of the Emden During World War I'' by John M. Taylor] | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080308150544/http://www.historynet.com/air_sea/naval_battles/7557922.html ''Karl Friedrich Max von Müller: Captain of the Emden During World War I'' by John M. Taylor] | ||
*[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/11/11/100113006.pdf ''New York Times'': "German Cruiser Emden Destroyed", November | *[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/11/11/100113006.pdf ''New York Times'': "German Cruiser Emden Destroyed", 11 November 1914 a PDF of ''NYT''{{'s}} report on ''Emden''{{'s}} sinking along with some praise for its captain.] | ||
*[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1921/04/13/98669624.pdf ''New York Times'': "Captain of Emden Killed?", a PDF of a ''NYT'' article dated April | *[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1921/04/13/98669624.pdf ''New York Times'': "Captain of Emden Killed?", a PDF of a ''NYT'' article dated 13 April 1921] | ||
*{{cite magazine | *{{cite magazine | ||
|title=Junk-Emden | |title=Junk-Emden | ||
| Line 53: | Line 56: | ||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027181703/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,732301,00.html | |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027181703/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,732301,00.html | ||
|url-status=dead | |url-status=dead | ||
|archive-date=October | |archive-date=27 October 2010 | ||
|access-date=2008-08-08 | |access-date=2008-08-08 | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 59: | Line 62: | ||
*[http://www.worldwar1.co.uk/emden.html World War I Naval Combat] | *[http://www.worldwar1.co.uk/emden.html World War I Naval Combat] | ||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080116052635/http://www.historynet.com/magazines/mhq/7557922.html Karl Friedrich Max von Müller: Captain of the ''Emden'' During World War I] | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080116052635/http://www.historynet.com/magazines/mhq/7557922.html Karl Friedrich Max von Müller: Captain of the ''Emden'' During World War I] | ||
*[https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/how-german-cruiser-emden-struck-terror-in-the-heart-of-the-british-empire-and-became-a-tamil-word/article30881258.ece How German cruiser ‘Emden’ struck terror in the heart of the British Empire, and became a Tamil word. The Hindu. February | *[https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/how-german-cruiser-emden-struck-terror-in-the-heart-of-the-british-empire-and-became-a-tamil-word/article30881258.ece How German cruiser ‘Emden’ struck terror in the heart of the British Empire, and became a Tamil word. The Hindu. 23 February 2020.] | ||
== Further reading == | == Further reading == | ||
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[[Category:Burmah-Castrol]] | [[Category:Burmah-Castrol]] | ||
[[Category:Conflicts in 1914]] | [[Category:Conflicts in 1914]] | ||
[[Category:September 1914 | [[Category:September 1914 in Asia]] | ||
[[Category:Naval bombing operations and battles of World War I]] | |||
[[Category:Ship fires]] | |||
[[Category:20th century in Chennai]] | |||
[[Category:Military history of the Madras Presidency]] | |||
[[Category:Gas explosions in India]] | |||
[[Category:Naval history of India]] | |||
[[Category:Vehicle fires in India]] | |||
[[Category:Attacks on energy sector]] | |||
Latest revision as of 02:19, 26 February 2026
| Bombardment of Madras | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I | |||||||
 Oil tanks on fire in the harbour following the bombardment of Madras by SMS Emden | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 India |
 Germany | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Unknown |
 Karl von Müller | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | Light cruiser Template:SMS | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
1 steamer sunk 5 killed 26 wounded | None | ||||||
Template:Campaignbox Asian and Pacific Campaign Template:Campaignbox Command of the Oceans 1914-1915 The bombardment of Madras was an engagement of the First World War, at Madras (now Chennai), British India. The bombardment was initiated by the German light cruiser Emden at the outset of the war in 1914.[1]
With Captain Karl von Müller in command, on the night of 22 September 1914, SMS Emden quietly approached the city of Madras on the southeastern coast of the Indian peninsula. As he later wrote, "I had this shelling in view simply as a demonstration to arouse interest among the Indian population, to disturb English commerce, to diminish English prestige." After entering the Madras harbour area, Müller illuminated six large oil tanks belonging to the Burmah Oil Company with his searchlights, then fired at a range of 3,000 yards. After ten minutes of firing, Emden had hit five of the tanks and destroyed 346,000 gallons of fuel, and the cruiser then successfully retreated.[2]
Soon the word Emden entered the Tamil dictionary and was used to describe someone powerful, frightening and with a wicked intent.[3]
Footnotes[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Datta, Rangan (23 September 2022). "108 years of Emden – the only World War I attack on India". The Telegraph. India. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
- ↑ Keegan 2004, pp. 127-128.
- ↑ Saini, Ajay (22 February 2020). "How German cruiser 'Emden' struck terror in the heart of the British Empire, and became a Tamil word". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
References and external links[edit | edit source]
- Keegan, John (October 2004). Intelligence in War (1 ed.). New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 0-375-70046-3.
- The Last Corsair: The Story of The Emden by Dan van der Vat, 1984. ISBN 0-586-06265-3
- The Last Gentleman of War. The Raider Exploits of the Cruiser Emden by R. K. Lochner, Naval Institute Press:. 1988. ISBN 0-87021-015-7
- The Last Cruise of the Emden: The Amazing True WWI Story of a German-Light Cruiser and Her Courageous Crew by Edwin Palmer Hoyt, Globe Pequot Press, 2001 ISBN 978-1-58574-382-7
- Hellmuth von Mücke, Helene Schimmelfennig White (1917). The Emden. Ritter.
- Karl Friedrich Max von Müller: Captain of the Emden During World War I by John M. Taylor
- New York Times: "German Cruiser Emden Destroyed", 11 November 1914 a PDF of NYT's report on Emden's sinking along with some praise for its captain.
- New York Times: "Captain of Emden Killed?", a PDF of a NYT article dated 13 April 1921
- "Junk-Emden". Time. 6 May 1929. Archived from the original on 27 October 2010. Retrieved 8 August 2008.
- Cruisers EMDEN, Frigates EMDEN - 5 warships named EMDEN until today (in German)
- World War I Naval Combat
- Karl Friedrich Max von Müller: Captain of the Emden During World War I
- How German cruiser ‘Emden’ struck terror in the heart of the British Empire, and became a Tamil word. The Hindu. 23 February 2020.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- Frame, Tom. (2004). No Pleasure Cruise: The Story of the Royal Australian Navy. Sydney: Allen & Unwin ISBN 978-1-74114-233-4 (paper)
- Hoehling, A. A. Lonely Command a Documentary Thomas Yoseloff, Inc., 1957.
- Hoyt, Edwin P. The Last Cruise of the Emden: The Amazing True World War I Story of a German-Light Cruiser and Her Courageous Crew. The Lyons Press, 2001. ISBN 1-58574-382-8.
- Hohenzollern, Franz Joseph, Prince of Emden: My Experiences in S.M.S. Emden. New York: G. Howard Watt, 1928.
- Lochner, R. K. Last Gentleman-Of-War: Raider Exploits of the Cruiser Emden Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1988. ISBN 0-87021-015-7.
- McClement, Fred. Guns in paradise. Paper Jacks, 1979. ISBN 0-7701-0116-X.
- Mücke, Hellmuth von. The Emden-Ayesha Adventure: German Raiders in the South Seas and Beyond, 1914. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2000. ISBN 1-55750-873-9.
- Schmalenbach, Paul German Raiders: A History of Auxiliary Cruisers of the German Navy, 1895-1945. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1979. ISBN 0-87021-824-7.
- Van der Vat, Dan. Gentlemen of War: The Amazing Story of Captain Karl von Müller and the SMS Emden. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1984. ISBN 0-688-03115-3
- Walter, John The Kaiser's Pirates: German Surface Raiders in World War One. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1994. ISBN 1-55750-456-3.
