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{{Short description|Major Naga ethnic group}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}} | {{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}} | ||
{{Infobox ethnic group | {{Infobox ethnic group | ||
|group | | group = Konyak Naga | ||
|image | | image = Koniak 0382b.jpg | ||
| | | image_caption = Konyak chief in traditional outfit | ||
|population | | population = 320,000 approx. | ||
|languages | | languages = [[Konyak language]], [[Burmese language|Burmese]] | ||
| | | region1 = {{flag|India}} | ||
|religions | | pop1 = N/A | ||
|related | | region2 = {{nbsp|10}} | ||
[[Nagaland]] | |||
| pop2 = N/A | |||
| region3 = {{nbsp|10}} | |||
[[File:Seal of Assam.svg|20px]][[Assam]] | |||
| pop3 = N/A | |||
| region4 = {{flag|Myanmar}} | |||
| pop4 = N/A | |||
| region5 = {{nbsp|10}}[[File:Flag of Naga Self-Administered Zone.png|20px]] | |||
[[Naga Self-Administered Zone|Naga SAZ]] | |||
| pop5 = N/A | |||
| religions = [[Christianity]] and Animism | |||
| related = [[Wancho Naga|Wancho]], Other [[Naga people|Naga Ethnic Groups]], Tai Ahom | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Naga people}} | |||
The '''Konyaks''' are | The '''Konyaks''' are a major [[Naga people|Naga]] [[ethnic group]] native to the [[Northeast India|Northeast Indian]] state of [[Nagaland]].<ref>'Konyak Nagas' by Christoph von Furer-Haimendorf, (1969)</ref> They inhabit in the [[Mon District]], which is also known as ''The Land of the Anghs''. The ''Anghs''/''Wangs'' are their traditional chiefs whom they hold in high esteem. Facial tattoos were earned for taking an enemy's head.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/india/1136007/the-konyaks-of-nagaland-indias-famed-tattooed-headhunters-are-a-vanishing-tribe/|title = Portraits of India's last tattooed headhunters before they disappear}}</ref> | ||
== Culture == | |||
[[File:Konyak Tribe 3.jpg|thumb|right|A Konyak man in his traditional outfit]] | |||
[[File:Konyak Tribe 001.jpg|thumb|right|A Konyak man]] | |||
== | === Society === | ||
The Konyaks are the largest of the Naga ethnic groups. They are found in [[Tirap district|Tirap]], [[Longding district|Longding]], and [[Changlang district|Changlang]] districts of Arunachal Pradesh; [[Sibsagar District]] of Assam; and in [[Naga Self-Administered Zone]] of [[Myanmar]]. They are known in Arunachal Pradesh as the Wanchos ('Wancho' is a synonymous term for 'Konyak'). Ethnically, culturally, and linguistically the [[Nocte people|Nocte]] and [[Tangsa]] of the same neighbouring state of Arunachal Pradesh, are also closely related to the Konyaks. | |||
The Konyaks were the last among the Naga ethnic groups to accept Christianity. In the past, they were infamous for attacking nearby villages, often resulting in killings and [[decapitation]] of opposing warriors. The severed heads were taken as trophies and usually hung in the 'baan' (a communal house). The number of hunted heads indicated the power of a warrior. The headhunting expeditions were often driven by certain beliefs, such as code of honour and principles of loyalty and sacrifice.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} | |||
The ethnic members maintain a very disciplined community life with strict adherence to duties and responsibilities assigned to each of them.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} | |||
The | |||
The | ===Skill=== | ||
Other unique traditional practices that set the Konyaks apart are gunsmithing, iron smelting, brasswork, and gunpowder making. Members of a village were asked to urinate in one particular place for months. Urine contains potassium nitrate and sulphur. The urine-rich soil is then boiled. A black residue floats on top of the water which is collected, dried, mixed with charcoal, and turned into gunpowder. The Konyaks are also known for making excellent machetes and wooden sculptures.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} | |||
===Festival=== | |||
''[[Aoleang]]'' is a festival celebrated in the first week of April (1–6) to welcome the spring and also to invoke the Almighty's (''Kahwang'') blessing upon the land before seed-sowing, is the biggest festival of the Konyaks. Another festival, ''Lao Ong Mo'', is the traditional harvest festival celebrated in the months of August/September.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} | |||
[[File:Ceremonial basket Konyak Naga.jpg|thumb|right|A ceremonial basket of the Konyak tribe with a skull and two human heads carved from wood. This basket is a status symbol.]] | |||
==Language== | ==Language== | ||
The [[Konyak language]] belongs to the [[Northern Naga]] sub branch of the [[Sal languages|Sal]] | The [[Konyak language]] belongs to the [[Northern Naga]] sub-branch of the [[Sal languages|Sal]] sub-family of [[Sino-Tibetan]]. [[Konyak language|Konyak]] language share similarities with [[Garo language|Garo]] and [[Boro language (India)|Bodo]] languages than it is to other [[Naga languages|Naga]] languages.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} | ||
== | == Notable people == | ||
*[[ | * [[Chingwang Konyak]] (b. 1943), politician | ||
* [[N. Bongkhao Konyak]] (b. 1977), politician | |||
* [[Phangnon Konyak]] (b. 1978), politician | |||
* [[P. Paiwang Konyak]] (b. 1977), politician | |||
* [[Noke Wangnao]] (b. 1948), politician | |||
* [[W. Wangyuh]] (b. 1963), politician | |||
==References== | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
==Further reading== | == Further reading == | ||
*Stirn, Aglaja & Peter van Ham. ''The Hidden world of the Naga: Living Traditions in Northeast India''. London: Prestel. | *Stirn, Aglaja & Peter van Ham. ''The Hidden world of the Naga: Living Traditions in Northeast India''. London: Prestel. | ||
*Oppitz, Michael, Thomas Kaiser, Alban von Stockhausen & Marion Wettstein. 2008. ''Naga Identities: Changing Local Cultures in the Northeast of India''. Gent: Snoeck Publishers. | *Oppitz, Michael, Thomas Kaiser, Alban von Stockhausen & Marion Wettstein. 2008. ''Naga Identities: Changing Local Cultures in the Northeast of India''. Gent: Snoeck Publishers. | ||
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== External links == | == External links == | ||
{{commons category|Konyak Naga}} | |||
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=nbe Ethnologue profile] | * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=nbe Ethnologue profile] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:55, 27 November 2025
 Konyak chief in traditional outfit | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 320,000 approx. | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 India | N/A |
| Nagaland | N/A |
 Assam | N/A |
 Myanmar | N/A |
Naga SAZ | N/A |
| Languages | |
| Konyak language, Burmese | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity and Animism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Wancho, Other Naga Ethnic Groups, Tai Ahom | |
The Konyaks are a major Naga ethnic group native to the Northeast Indian state of Nagaland.[1] They inhabit in the Mon District, which is also known as The Land of the Anghs. The Anghs/Wangs are their traditional chiefs whom they hold in high esteem. Facial tattoos were earned for taking an enemy's head.[2]
Culture[edit | edit source]
Society[edit | edit source]
The Konyaks are the largest of the Naga ethnic groups. They are found in Tirap, Longding, and Changlang districts of Arunachal Pradesh; Sibsagar District of Assam; and in Naga Self-Administered Zone of Myanmar. They are known in Arunachal Pradesh as the Wanchos ('Wancho' is a synonymous term for 'Konyak'). Ethnically, culturally, and linguistically the Nocte and Tangsa of the same neighbouring state of Arunachal Pradesh, are also closely related to the Konyaks. The Konyaks were the last among the Naga ethnic groups to accept Christianity. In the past, they were infamous for attacking nearby villages, often resulting in killings and decapitation of opposing warriors. The severed heads were taken as trophies and usually hung in the 'baan' (a communal house). The number of hunted heads indicated the power of a warrior. The headhunting expeditions were often driven by certain beliefs, such as code of honour and principles of loyalty and sacrifice.[citation needed]
The ethnic members maintain a very disciplined community life with strict adherence to duties and responsibilities assigned to each of them.[citation needed]
Skill[edit | edit source]
Other unique traditional practices that set the Konyaks apart are gunsmithing, iron smelting, brasswork, and gunpowder making. Members of a village were asked to urinate in one particular place for months. Urine contains potassium nitrate and sulphur. The urine-rich soil is then boiled. A black residue floats on top of the water which is collected, dried, mixed with charcoal, and turned into gunpowder. The Konyaks are also known for making excellent machetes and wooden sculptures.[citation needed]
Festival[edit | edit source]
Aoleang is a festival celebrated in the first week of April (1–6) to welcome the spring and also to invoke the Almighty's (Kahwang) blessing upon the land before seed-sowing, is the biggest festival of the Konyaks. Another festival, Lao Ong Mo, is the traditional harvest festival celebrated in the months of August/September.[citation needed]
Language[edit | edit source]
The Konyak language belongs to the Northern Naga sub-branch of the Sal sub-family of Sino-Tibetan. Konyak language share similarities with Garo and Bodo languages than it is to other Naga languages.[citation needed]
Notable people[edit | edit source]
- Chingwang Konyak (b. 1943), politician
- N. Bongkhao Konyak (b. 1977), politician
- Phangnon Konyak (b. 1978), politician
- P. Paiwang Konyak (b. 1977), politician
- Noke Wangnao (b. 1948), politician
- W. Wangyuh (b. 1963), politician
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 'Konyak Nagas' by Christoph von Furer-Haimendorf, (1969)
- ↑ "Portraits of India's last tattooed headhunters before they disappear".
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- Stirn, Aglaja & Peter van Ham. The Hidden world of the Naga: Living Traditions in Northeast India. London: Prestel.
- Oppitz, Michael, Thomas Kaiser, Alban von Stockhausen & Marion Wettstein. 2008. Naga Identities: Changing Local Cultures in the Northeast of India. Gent: Snoeck Publishers.
- Kunz, Richard & Vibha Joshi. 2008. Naga – A Forgotten Mountain Region Rediscovered. Basel: Merian.
- Alban von Stockhausen: Imag(in)ing the Nagas: The Pictorial Ethnography of Hans-Eberhard Kauffmann and Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf. Arnoldsche, Stuttgart 2014,.
- ISBN 978-3-89790-412-5.
