Mitra–Varuna: Difference between revisions

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{{Distinguish|text=[[Mitra-Varuna (Indo European)|Mitra-Varuna]] a reconstructed Proto Indo European predecessor to this dyad.}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
'''[[Mitra (Vedic)|Mitra]]''' and '''[[Varuna]]''' ([[Sanskrit]]: {{IAST|mitrā́váruṇā}}) are two deities frequently referred to in the ancient Indian scripture of the [[Rigveda]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A Study of Deities of Rig Veda|page=44|author=S.S Gupta|publisher=Abhinav Publications|year=2013}}</ref> They are both considered [[Ādityas]], or deities connected with the Sun; and they are protectors of the righteous order of [[Ṛta|rita]]. Their connection is so close that they are frequently linked in the [[dvandva]] compound Mitra–Varuna.
'''[[Mitra (Hindu god)|Mitra]]''' and '''[[Varuna]]''' ([[Sanskrit]]: {{IAST|mitrā́váruṇā}}) are two deities frequently referred to in the ancient Indian scripture of the [[Rigveda]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A Study of Deities of Rig Veda|page=44|author=S.S Gupta|publisher=Abhinav Publications|year=2013}}</ref> They are both considered [[Ādityas]], or deities connected with the Sun; and they are protectors of the righteous order of [[Ṛta|rita]]. Their connection is so close that they are frequently linked in the [[dvandva]] compound Mitra–Varuna.


Some homosexual Hindus worship the gods [[Mitra (Vedic)|Mitra]] and [[Varuna]], who are associated with two lunar phases and same-sex relations in ancient [[Brahmana]] texts.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hindu Deities and the Third Sex (2)|url=http://www.galva108.org/#!Hindu-Deities-and-the-Third-Sex-2/cu6k/1|publisher=Gay & Lesbian Vaishnava Association|access-date=14 March 2016|archive-url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:6NborWhzt7kJ:www.galva108.org/%23!Hindu-Deities-and-the-Third-Sex-2/cu6k/1+&cd=4&hl=en&ct=clnk|archive-date=28 Feb 2016|quote=In Vedic literature, Sri Mitra-Varuna are portrayed as icons of brotherly affection and intimate friendship between males (the Sanskrit word Mitra means “friend” or “companion”). For this reason, they are worshiped by men of the third sex, albeit not as commonly as other Hindu deities. They are depicted riding a shark or crocodile together while bearing tridents, ropes, conch shells and water pots. Sometimes they are portrayed seated side-by-side on a golden chariot drawn by seven swans. Ancient Brahmana texts furthermore associate Sri Mitra-Varuna with the two lunar phases and same-sex relations: “Mitra and Varuna, on the other hand, are the two half-moons: the waxing one is Varuna and the waning one is Mitra. During the new-moon night, these two meet and when they are thus together they are pleased with a cake offering. Verily, all are pleased and all is obtained by any person knowing this. On that same night, Mitra implants his seed in Varuna and when the moon later wanes, that waning is produced from his seed.” ([[Shatapatha Brahmana]] 2.4.4.19) Varuna is similarly said to implant his seed in Mitra on the full-moon night for the purpose of securing its future waxing. In Hinduism, the new- and full-moon nights are discouraged times for procreation and consequently often associated with citrarata or unusual types of intercourse.}}</ref>


''Mitra-Varuna'' is also the title of a 1940 essay in comparative [[Indo-European mythology]] by [[Georges Dumézil]].
''Mitra-Varuna'' is also the title of a 1940 essay in [[Proto-Indo-European mythology]] by [[Georges Dumézil]].


==See also==
==See also==
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[[Category:LGBT themes in mythology]]
[[Category:LGBT themes in mythology]]
[[Category:Love and lust gods]]
[[Category:Love and lust gods]]
[[Category:Mitra]]
[[Category:Varuna]]




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{{Hindu-theo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 19:59, 11 May 2023

Not to be confused with Mitra-Varuna a reconstructed Proto Indo European predecessor to this dyad..

Mitra and Varuna (Sanskrit: mitrā́váruṇā) are two deities frequently referred to in the ancient Indian scripture of the Rigveda.[1] They are both considered Ādityas, or deities connected with the Sun; and they are protectors of the righteous order of rita. Their connection is so close that they are frequently linked in the dvandva compound Mitra–Varuna.


Mitra-Varuna is also the title of a 1940 essay in Proto-Indo-European mythology by Georges Dumézil.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ S.S Gupta (2013). A Study of Deities of Rig Veda. Abhinav Publications. p. 44.


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