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{{ | {{Short description|Bengali Hindu trading caste}} | ||
{{Infobox caste | {{Infobox caste | ||
| caste_name = Gandhabanik | | caste_name = Gandhabanik | ||
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'''Gandhabanik''' is a [[Bengali Hindu]] trading caste, who as the caste name suggests, traditionally used to trade in perfumes, | '''Gandhabanik''' is a [[Bengali Hindu]] trading caste, who as the caste name suggests, traditionally used to trade in perfumes, cosmetics, spices etc.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2sKAQAAIAAJ&q=gandhabanik|title=The Eastern Anthropologist|date=1963|publisher=Ethnographic and Folk Culture Society|pages=66, 68|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DR8WAQAAIAAJ&q=gandhabanik|title=Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress|date=1973|pages=589|language=en}}</ref> They were also engaged in agriculture.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bhowmick|first=P. K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ShOFk8CGmwC&q=gandhabanik+|title=Occupational Mobility and Caste Structure in Bengal: Study of Rural Market|date=1969|publisher=Indian Publications|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Singh|first1=K. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jw9uAAAAMAAJ&q=gandhabanik+|title=India's Communities|last2=India|first2=Anthropological Survey of|date=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2|pages=946|language=en}}</ref> As of late nineteenth century they were one of the fourteen castes belonging to ''Nabasakh'' group.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sanyal|first=Hitesranjan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ezzuAAAAIAAJ&q=gandhabanik|title=Social Mobility in Bengal|date=1981|publisher=Papyrus|pages=115|language=en}}</ref> There is almost one hundred percent literacy among the present gandhabanik generation.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Kumar Suresh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xMw-AQAAIAAJ&q=gandhabanik|title=People of India: West Bengal (2 pts.)|date=1992|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|isbn=978-81-7046-300-9|pages=439|language=en}}</ref> | ||
It is believed that the legendary sea merchant [[Chand Sadagar]] of ancient [[Champaknagar]] was from Gandhabanik community.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sengupta |first=Saswati |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VKkPEAAAQBAJ |title=Mutating Goddesses: Bengal's Laukika Hinduism and Gender Rights |date=2020-11-30 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-099325-2 |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhaumik |first=Sudarshana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7SX4zgEACAAJ |title=The Changing World of Caste and Hierarchy in Bengal: Depiction from the Mangalkavyas C. 1700-1931 |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge, Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-003-14618-6 |pages=241 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
== Varna Status == | |||
Gandhabaniks have generally been considered as 'middle class shudras' in the caste structure of Bengal.<ref>{{Cite report|title=The Tribes and Castes of West Bengal|last=Mitra|first=A.|date=1953|publisher=Land and Land Revenue Department, Government of West Bengal|page=21|series=Census 1951}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarma |first=Jyotirmoyee |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hfE_AAAAMAAJ |title=Caste Dynamics Among the Bengali Hindus |date=1980 |publisher=Firma KLM |isbn=978-0-8364-0633-7 |pages=184 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
Latest revision as of 20:12, 23 July 2023
| Gandhabanik | |
|---|---|
| Kuladevi (female) | Gandheswari mata |
| Religions | Hinduism |
| Languages | Bengali |
| Populated states | West Bengal, Jharkhand, Tripura, Assam |
Gandhabanik is a Bengali Hindu trading caste, who as the caste name suggests, traditionally used to trade in perfumes, cosmetics, spices etc.[1][2] They were also engaged in agriculture.[3][4] As of late nineteenth century they were one of the fourteen castes belonging to Nabasakh group.[5] There is almost one hundred percent literacy among the present gandhabanik generation.[6]
It is believed that the legendary sea merchant Chand Sadagar of ancient Champaknagar was from Gandhabanik community.[7][8]
Varna Status[edit | edit source]
Gandhabaniks have generally been considered as 'middle class shudras' in the caste structure of Bengal.[9][7][10]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ The Eastern Anthropologist. Ethnographic and Folk Culture Society. 1963. pp. 66, 68.
- ↑ Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress. 1973. p. 589.
- ↑ Bhowmick, P. K. (1969). Occupational Mobility and Caste Structure in Bengal: Study of Rural Market. Indian Publications.
- ↑ Singh, K. S.; India, Anthropological Survey of (1998). India's Communities. Oxford University Press. p. 946. ISBN 978-0-19-563354-2.
- ↑ Sanyal, Hitesranjan (1981). Social Mobility in Bengal. Papyrus. p. 115.
- ↑ Singh, Kumar Suresh (1992). People of India: West Bengal (2 pts.). Anthropological Survey of India. p. 439. ISBN 978-81-7046-300-9.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Sengupta, Saswati (2020-11-30). Mutating Goddesses: Bengal's Laukika Hinduism and Gender Rights. Oxford University Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-19-099325-2.
- ↑ Bhaumik, Sudarshana (2022). The Changing World of Caste and Hierarchy in Bengal: Depiction from the Mangalkavyas C. 1700-1931. Routledge, Taylor & Francis. p. 241. ISBN 978-1-003-14618-6.
- ↑ Mitra, A. (1953). The Tribes and Castes of West Bengal (Report). Census 1951. Land and Land Revenue Department, Government of West Bengal. p. 21.
- ↑ Sarma, Jyotirmoyee (1980). Caste Dynamics Among the Bengali Hindus. Firma KLM. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-8364-0633-7.
