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{{Short description|Caste in India}} | {{Short description|Caste in India}} | ||
{{About|the Bairagi caste| Hindustani classical raga|Bairagi (raga)|||}} | {{About|the Bairagi caste| Hindustani classical raga|Bairagi (raga)|||}} | ||
{{Distinguish|text = the [[Celibate Ascetics (Vairagi)]]}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}} | ||
{{Infobox caste | {{Infobox caste | ||
| caste_name = Bairagi | | caste_name = Bairagi | ||
| image = | | image = Goswami shri tulsi das ji.jpg | ||
| caption = | | caption = A Portrait of Bairagi Mahant<br />(Tilak of [[Ramanandi Sampradaya]] on | ||
his body) | |||
| region = | | region = | ||
| state = | | state = | ||
| populated_states = [[Madhya Pradesh]] • [[Rajasthan]] • [[Maharastra]] • [[Gujarat]] • [[Chhattisgarh]] • [[ | | populated_states ='''India'''<br>[[Uttar Pradesh]] • [[Bihar]] • [[Jharkhand]] • [[Madhya Pradesh]] • [[Himachal Pradesh]] • [[Uttarakhand]] • [[Rajasthan]] • [[Punjab]] • [[Maharastra]] • [[Gujarat]] • [[Chhattisgarh]] • [[Odisha]] • [[West Bengal]] • [[Haryana]] | ||
| languages = [[Hindi]] • [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]] • [[Gujarati language| | <br>'''Nepal'''<br>[[Madhesh Province|Madhesh]] | ||
| religions = [[Hinduism]] | | languages = [[Hindi]] • [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] • [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] • [[Braj Bhasha]] • [[Maithili language|Maithili]] • [[Magahi language|Magahi]] • [[Angika]] • [[Bajjika]] • [[Nagpuri language|Nagpuri]] • [[Bagheli language|Bagheli]] • [[Bundeli language|Bundeli]] • [[Kannauji language|Kannauji]] • [[Kauravi dialect|Kauravi]] • [[Haryanvi]] • | ||
| varna = | [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] • [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]] • [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] • [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]] • [[Odia language|Odia]] • [[Bengali language|Bengali]] • [[Marathi language|Marathi]] | ||
| guru = | | religions =[[File:Om symbol.svg|15px|]] [[Hinduism]] | ||
| country = India • [[Nepal]] | | varna = | ||
|}} | | guru =[[Ramananda]] • [[Tulsidas]] • [[Ramanuja]] | ||
| country = [[India]] • [[Nepal]] | |||
||feudal_title= [[Mahant]]/[[Swami]]/Bawa | |||
|caste_name_in_local=[[Swami]] • [[Vaishnav]] • [[Mahant]] | |||
|status=Monasterial Community | |||
|kula_daivat=[[Rama]] • [[Krishna]] • (Avatars of [[Vishnu]]) • [[Hanuman]] | |||
|kula_devi=[[Sita]] • [[Radha]]• [[Tulasi in Hinduism|Tulsi]] • (Avtars of [[Lakshmi]]) | |||
|color=[[Bhagwa]] | |||
|historical_grouping=[[Brahmin]] | |||
|classification=[[Ramanandi Sampradaya]] | |||
|nishan=Kapidhwaj ([[Hanuman]] on [[Flag]]) | |||
|jati= | |||
|original_kingdom=}} | |||
'''Bairagi Brahmin''' is a [[Hindu]] [[caste system in India|caste]]. | '''Bairagi Brahmin ''' is a [[Hindu]] [[caste system in India|caste]]. They are also called by different names that are [[Swami]], Bairagi, [[Mahant]], [[Vaishnav]], [[Vairagi]], [[Ramanandi Sampradaya|Ramanandi]], Shami, Vaishnav , [[Pujari]]. They are Vaishnav, and wear the [[sacred thread]]. They belong to the [[Ramanandi Sampradaya|Ramanandi Sampradaye]]. A majority of Bairagi Brahmin is found in West Bengal, Assam, Odisha, Bihar and the eastern parts of Uttar Pradesh. Bairagi are considered as part of the upper castes of Bengal – [[Brahmin]], [[Rajput]], [[Kshatriya|Chatri]], Grahacarya and [[Baidya]].<ref>Nirmal Kumar Bose, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/538569?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3Aca9958bc27117d4fff1fe622b317a09d&seq=3#page_scan_tab_contents Some Aspects of Caste in Bengal], p.399, Vol. 71, No. 281, Traditional India: Structure and Change, American Folklore Society</ref> | ||
== | Bairagi Brahmin belong to the [[Brahmin]] varna. Senugupta describes them as a High caste group.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Senugupta|first=Parna|title=Pedagogy for Religion: Missionary Education and the Fashioning of Hindus and Muslims in Bengal|publisher=University of California Press|year=2011|pages=104, 112}}</ref> William Pinch believes that the Bairagi branch of Vaishnavas is the result of the [[Galtaji|Galta]] conference of 17th Century.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Choubey|first=Devendra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E9ry1df8VA4C&dq=bairagi+william+pinch&pg=PA282|title=Sahitya Ka Naya Soundaryashastra|publisher=Kitabghar Prakashan|isbn=978-81-89859-11-4|pages=282|language=hi}}</ref> | ||
{{ | |||
According to Mayer, the Bairagis were one of a few [[sect]]arian castes which accepted admissions from higher castes. He states that they Bairagis had a worldly and [[celibate]] branches of the caste. He states they were considered of equal status with [[Brahmins]], [[Rajputs]], and [[Jat]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mayer|first=Adrian C.|title=Caste and Kinship in Central India|publisher=Routledge|year=1960|pages=28–29. 36–39}}</ref> | |||
==Dynasties== | |||
===Nandgaon=== | |||
The first ruler [[Mahant Raja Ghasi Das|Mahant Ghasi Das]] of [[Nandgaon State]], was recognized as a feudal chief by the British government in 1865 and was granted a [[sanad of adoption]]. Later the British conferred the title of ''raja'' on the ruling mahant.<ref name=history1>{{cite book|title=Chhattisgarh ki Riyaste/Princely stastes aur Jamindariyaa|year=2011|publisher=Vaibhav Prakashan|location=Raipur|isbn=978-81-89244-96-5}}</ref><ref name=history2>{{cite book|title=Chhattisgarh ki Janjaatiyaa/Tribes aur Jatiyaa/Castes|year=2011|publisher=Mansi publication|location=Delhi|isbn=978-81-89559-32-8}}</ref> | |||
===Chhuikhadan=== | |||
The chiefs of [[Chhuikhadan State]] were originally under the [[Bhonsle]]s of Nagpur, the first Chief being Mahant Rup Das in 1750. However, after defeat of [[Marathas]], they were recognized by British as feudatory chiefs in 1865 conferring the title and sanad to Mahant Laxman Das.<ref>Princely states of India: a guide to chronology and rulers by David P. Henige - 2004 - Page 48</ref> | |||
==Akharas== | |||
There are three prominent Bairagi [[Vaishnavism|(Vaishnav)]] [[Akhara]]s:<ref name=relDis1>[South Asian Religions on Display: Religious Processions in South Asia and in the Diaspora, Knut A. Jacobsen, ISBN hardback 978-0-415-4373-3, ISBN ebook ISBN hardback 978-0-203-93059-5]</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Jāyasavāla|first=Akhileśa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DT9uAAAAMAAJ&q=ramanandacharya+bairagi|title=18vīṃ śatābdī meṃ Avadha ke samāja evaṃ saṃskr̥ti ke katipaya paksha: śodha prabandha|date=1991|publisher=Śāradā Pustaka Bhavana|language=hi}}</ref> | |||
* [[Digambara#Digambar akhara|Digambar Akhara]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=बाकी अखाड़ों से अलग कैसे है 'दिगंबर अखाड़ा'?|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/knowledge/everything-you-need-to-know-about-shree-digambar-akhada-1625366.html|access-date=2021-06-14|website=News18 India|date=19 December 2018}}</ref> | |||
* [[Nirmohi Akhara]] | |||
* [[Hanuman Garhi Temple|Nirvani Akhara]] | |||
[[File:Hanuman Garhi Temple, a major religious site in Ayodhya utter pradesh.jpg|thumb|[[Hanuman Garhi Temple]], a major site of Ramanandi Bairagis in [[Ayodhya]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].]] | |||
==Mahabharat== | |||
The [[Mahabharata]] says that once, after [[Babruvahana]] dug a dry pond, a Bairagi Brahmin reached the centre of pond and instantly water came out of the pond with a thunderous noise.<ref name="hi">{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Jk6oE4sh18C&dq=bairagi+brahmin&pg=PA100|title=India and Nepal : Sacred Centres and Anthropological Researches|author=Makhan Jha|year=1998|page=100|isbn=81-7533-081-3}}</ref> | |||
[[Category: | ==References== | ||
[[Category: | {{Reflist}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Indian castes]] | ||
[[Category:Brahmin communities of Bihar]] | |||
[[Category:Brahmin communities of Delhi]] | |||
[[Category:Brahmin communities of Uttar Pradesh]] | |||
Revision as of 20:00, 23 July 2023
| Bairagi | |
|---|---|
| Swami • Vaishnav • Mahant | |
 A Portrait of Bairagi Mahant (Tilak of Ramanandi Sampradaya on his body) | |
| Classification | Ramanandi Sampradaya |
| Kuladevta (male) | Rama • Krishna • (Avatars of Vishnu) • Hanuman |
| Kuladevi (female) | Sita • Radha• Tulsi • (Avtars of Lakshmi) |
| Guru | Ramananda • Tulsidas • Ramanuja |
| Nishan | Kapidhwaj (Hanuman on Flag) |
| Religions |  Hinduism |
| Languages | Hindi • Awadhi • Bhojpuri • Braj Bhasha • Maithili • Magahi • Angika • Bajjika • Nagpuri • Bagheli • Bundeli • Kannauji • Kauravi • Haryanvi • Punjabi • Rajasthani • Gujarati • Chhattisgarhi • Odia • Bengali • Marathi |
| Country | India • Nepal |
| Populated states | India Uttar Pradesh • Bihar • Jharkhand • Madhya Pradesh • Himachal Pradesh • Uttarakhand • Rajasthan • Punjab • Maharastra • Gujarat • Chhattisgarh • Odisha • West Bengal • Haryana Nepal Madhesh |
| Feudal title | Mahant/Swami/Bawa |
| Color | Bhagwa |
| Historical grouping | Brahmin |
| Status | Monasterial Community |
Bairagi Brahmin is a Hindu caste. They are also called by different names that are Swami, Bairagi, Mahant, Vaishnav, Vairagi, Ramanandi, Shami, Vaishnav , Pujari. They are Vaishnav, and wear the sacred thread. They belong to the Ramanandi Sampradaye. A majority of Bairagi Brahmin is found in West Bengal, Assam, Odisha, Bihar and the eastern parts of Uttar Pradesh. Bairagi are considered as part of the upper castes of Bengal – Brahmin, Rajput, Chatri, Grahacarya and Baidya.[1]
Bairagi Brahmin belong to the Brahmin varna. Senugupta describes them as a High caste group.[2] William Pinch believes that the Bairagi branch of Vaishnavas is the result of the Galta conference of 17th Century.[3]
According to Mayer, the Bairagis were one of a few sectarian castes which accepted admissions from higher castes. He states that they Bairagis had a worldly and celibate branches of the caste. He states they were considered of equal status with Brahmins, Rajputs, and Jats.[4]
Dynasties
Nandgaon
The first ruler Mahant Ghasi Das of Nandgaon State, was recognized as a feudal chief by the British government in 1865 and was granted a sanad of adoption. Later the British conferred the title of raja on the ruling mahant.[5][6]
Chhuikhadan
The chiefs of Chhuikhadan State were originally under the Bhonsles of Nagpur, the first Chief being Mahant Rup Das in 1750. However, after defeat of Marathas, they were recognized by British as feudatory chiefs in 1865 conferring the title and sanad to Mahant Laxman Das.[7]
Akharas
There are three prominent Bairagi (Vaishnav) Akharas:[8][9]
Mahabharat
The Mahabharata says that once, after Babruvahana dug a dry pond, a Bairagi Brahmin reached the centre of pond and instantly water came out of the pond with a thunderous noise.[11]
References
- ↑ Nirmal Kumar Bose, Some Aspects of Caste in Bengal, p.399, Vol. 71, No. 281, Traditional India: Structure and Change, American Folklore Society
- ↑ Senugupta, Parna (2011). Pedagogy for Religion: Missionary Education and the Fashioning of Hindus and Muslims in Bengal. University of California Press. pp. 104, 112.
- ↑ Choubey, Devendra. Sahitya Ka Naya Soundaryashastra (in हिन्दी). Kitabghar Prakashan. p. 282. ISBN 978-81-89859-11-4.
- ↑ Mayer, Adrian C. (1960). Caste and Kinship in Central India. Routledge. pp. 28–29. 36–39.
- ↑ Chhattisgarh ki Riyaste/Princely stastes aur Jamindariyaa. Raipur: Vaibhav Prakashan. 2011. ISBN 978-81-89244-96-5.
- ↑ Chhattisgarh ki Janjaatiyaa/Tribes aur Jatiyaa/Castes. Delhi: Mansi publication. 2011. ISBN 978-81-89559-32-8.
- ↑ Princely states of India: a guide to chronology and rulers by David P. Henige - 2004 - Page 48
- ↑ [South Asian Religions on Display: Religious Processions in South Asia and in the Diaspora, Knut A. Jacobsen, ISBN hardback 978-0-415-4373-3, ISBN ebook ISBN hardback 978-0-203-93059-5]
- ↑ Jāyasavāla, Akhileśa (1991). 18vīṃ śatābdī meṃ Avadha ke samāja evaṃ saṃskr̥ti ke katipaya paksha: śodha prabandha (in हिन्दी). Śāradā Pustaka Bhavana.
- ↑ "बाकी अखाड़ों से अलग कैसे है 'दिगंबर अखाड़ा'?". News18 India. 19 December 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
- ↑ Makhan Jha (1998), India and Nepal : Sacred Centres and Anthropological Researches, p. 100, ISBN 81-7533-081-3