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{{ | {{Short description|Indian political leader and social reformer (1866–1915)}} | ||
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}} | {{EngvarB|date=September 2014}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} | ||
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| caption = Gokhale in 1909 | | caption = Gokhale in 1909 | ||
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1866|05|09}} | | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1866|05|09}} | ||
| birth_place = | | birth_place = [[Guhagar]], [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay]], [[British Raj]] | ||
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1915|02|19|1866|05|09}} | | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1915|02|19|1866|05|09}} | ||
| death_place = [[Bombay]], Bombay | | death_place = [[Bombay]], Bombay, [[British Raj]] | ||
| alma_mater = [[Elphinstone College]] | | alma_mater = [[Elphinstone College]] | ||
| occupation = Professor, politician | | occupation = Professor, politician | ||
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| children = 2 | | children = 2 | ||
}} | }} | ||
== | '''Gopal Krishna Gokhale''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|CIE}} ({{audio|Gokhle.ogg|listen}} [[International Phonetic Alphabet|[ˈɡoːpaːl ˈkrɪʂɳə ˈɡoːkʰleː]]] 9 May 1866 – 19 February 1915)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Gopal Krishna Gokhale : Gandhi's political guru|last=Talwalkar|first=Govind|publisher=Pentagon Press|year=2015|isbn=9788182748330|location=New Delhi|oclc=913778097}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book|title=My Master Gokhale|last=Sastri|first=Srinivas}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Gopal Krishna Gokhale: His Life and Times|last=Talwalkar|first=Govind|publisher=Rupa & Co,.|year=2006}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=Nek Namdar Gokhale |language= mr |last=Talwalkar|first=Govind|publisher=Prestige Prakashan|year=2003|location=Pune, India}}</ref> was an Indian political leader and a social reformer during the [[Indian independence movement]] and political mentor of [[India|Indian]] freedom fighter [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. He was also the mentor of [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]. | ||
Gopal Krishna Gokhale | |||
Gokhale was a senior leader of the [[Indian National Congress]] and the founder of the [[Servants of India Society]]. Through the Society as well as the Congress and other legislative bodies he served in, Gokhale campaigned for Indian self-rule and for social reforms. He was the leader of the moderate faction of the Congress party that advocated reforms by working with existing government institutions, and a major member of the Poona Association or the [[Poona Sarvajanik Sabha]]. | |||
==Early biography== | |||
Gokhale was born in a [[Chitpavan Brahmin]] family<ref>{{Cite book|last=Khan|first=Mohammad Shabbir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t3N7tT5kmOsC&pg=PA8|title=Tilak and Gokhale: A Comparative Study of Their Socio-politico-economic Programmes of Reconstruction|date=1992|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7024-478-3|language=en}}</ref> on 9 May 1866 of the [[British Raj]] in Kotluk village of [[Guhagar taluka]] in [[Ratnagiri district]], in present-day [[Maharashtra]] (then part of the [[Bombay Presidency]]). Despite being relatively poor, his family members ensured that Gokhale received an English education, which would place Gokhale in a position to obtain employment as a clerk or minor official in the [[British Raj]]. He studied in [[Rajaram College]] in [[Kolhapur]]. | |||
Being one of the first generations of Indians to receive a university education, under the guidance of Chakrappan a great indian philosopher of that times, Gokhale graduated from [[Elphinstone College]] in 1884. He had a great influence of the social works of Justice [[Mahadev Govind Ranade]] on his life. He was named as the ‛Protege Son’ i.e. Manas Putra of Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade. Gokhale's education tremendously influenced the course of his future career – in addition to learning English, he was exposed to Western political thought and became a great admirer of theorists such as [[John Stuart Mill]] and s [[Edmund Burke]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> | Being one of the first generations of Indians to receive a university education, under the guidance of Chakrappan a great indian philosopher of that times, Gokhale graduated from [[Elphinstone College]] in 1884. He had a great influence of the social works of Justice [[Mahadev Govind Ranade]] on his life. He was named as the ‛Protege Son’ i.e. Manas Putra of Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade. Gokhale's education tremendously influenced the course of his future career – in addition to learning English, he was exposed to Western political thought and became a great admirer of theorists such as [[John Stuart Mill]] and s [[Edmund Burke]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> | ||
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==Servants of India society== | ==Servants of India society== | ||
[[File:Gopal Krishna Gokhale 01.JPG|thumb|Statue of Gokhale in Churchgate]] | [[File:Gopal Krishna Gokhale 01.JPG|thumb|Statue of Gokhale in Churchgate]] | ||
In 1905, when Gokhale was elected president of the [[Indian National Congress]] and was at the height of his political power, he founded the [[Servants of India Society]] to specifically further one of the causes dearest to his heart: the expansion of Indian education. For Gokhale, true political change in India would only be possible when a new generation of Indians became educated as to their civil and patriotic duty to their country and to each other. Believing existing educational institutions and the [[Indian Civil Service]] did not do enough to provide Indians with opportunities to gain this political education, Gokhale hoped the Servants of India Society would fill this need. In his preamble to the SIS's constitution, Gokhale wrote that "The Servants of India Society will train men prepared to devote their lives to the cause of country in a religious spirit, and will seek to promote, by all constitutional means, the national interests of the Indian people."<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>Wolpert, Stanley (1962) ''Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modem India'', Berkeley, U. California, pp. 158–160.</ref> The Society took up the cause of promoting Indian education in earnest, and among its many projects organised mobile libraries, founded schools, and provided night classes for factory workers.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00014335|jstor=313033|title=Education for National Efficiency: Constructive Nationalism in North India, 1909-1916|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=31|issue=2|pages=339–374|last1=Watt|first1=Carey A.|year=1997}}</ref> Although the Society lost much of its vigour following Gokhale's death, it still exists to this day, though its membership is small. | In 1905, when Gokhale was elected president of the [[Indian National Congress]] and was at the height of his political power, he founded the [[Servants of India Society]] to specifically further one of the causes dearest to his heart: the expansion of Indian education. For Gokhale, true political change in India would only be possible when a new generation of Indians became educated as to their civil and patriotic duty to their country and to each other. Believing existing educational institutions and the [[Indian Civil Service]] did not do enough to provide Indians with opportunities to gain this political education, Gokhale hoped the Servants of India Society would fill this need. In his preamble to the SIS's constitution, Gokhale wrote that "The Servants of India Society will train men prepared to devote their lives to the cause of country in a religious spirit, and will seek to promote, by all constitutional means, the national interests of the Indian people."<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>Wolpert, Stanley (1962) ''Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modem India'', Berkeley, U. California, pp. 158–160.</ref> The Society took up the cause of promoting Indian education in earnest, and among its many projects organised mobile libraries, founded schools, and provided night classes for factory workers.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00014335|jstor=313033|title=Education for National Efficiency: Constructive Nationalism in North India, 1909-1916|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=31|issue=2|pages=339–374|last1=Watt|first1=Carey A.|year=1997|s2cid=144344830 }}</ref> Although the Society lost much of its vigour following Gokhale's death, it still exists to this day, though its membership is small. | ||
==Involvement with British Imperial Government== | ==Involvement with British Imperial Government== | ||
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== Family == | == Family == | ||
Gokhale married twice. His first marriage took place in 1880 when he was in his teens to Savitribai, who suffered from an incurable ailment. He married a second time in 1887 while | Gokhale married twice. His first marriage took place in 1880 when he was in his teens to Savitribai, who suffered from an incurable ailment. He married a second time in 1887 to Rishibama while Savitribai was still alive. His second wife died after giving birth to two daughters in 1899. Gokhale did not marry again and his children were looked after by his relatives.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Hoyland|first=John S.|title=Gopal Krishna Gokhale: His life and Speeches|year=1933|publisher=Y.M.C.A. Publishing House|place=Calcutta|page=29|url=http://oudl.osmania.ac.in/bitstream/handle/OUDL/13455/216612_Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale_His_Life_And_Speeches.pdf?sequence=2|access-date=13 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213203123/http://oudl.osmania.ac.in/bitstream/handle/OUDL/13455/216612_Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale_His_Life_And_Speeches.pdf?sequence=2|archive-date=13 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Sastri|first=V.S. Srinivasa|title=Life of Gopal Krishna Gokhale|year=1937|publisher=The Bangalore Press|location=Bangalore India|url=http://dspace.gipe.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10973/248/6/GIPE-019745-gokhale.pdf|access-date=13 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213214550/http://dspace.gipe.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10973/248/6/GIPE-019745-gokhale.pdf|archive-date=13 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
His eldest daughter, Kashi (Anandibai), married Justice S.B. Dhavle ICS. She had three children – Gopal Shankar Dhavle, Balwant Shankar Dhavle and Meena Rajwade. Out of these three children, two of them had children. Balwant Shankar Dhavle and Nalini Dhavle (née Sathe) have three children: Shridhar Balwant Dhavle FCA, Vidyadhar Balwant Dhavle IFS and Jyotsna Balwant Dhavle. Vidyadhar Balwant Dhavle and Aabha Dixit have two sons Abhishek Vidyadhar Dhavle and Jaidev Vidyadhar Dhavle, who are the most recent direct descendants of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}} The ancestral house was constructed by Gopal Krishna Gokhale for his family in Pune, and it continues to be the residence of the Gokhale-Dhavle descendants to this day. Also, the native village of G.K Gokhale, Tamhanmala, a remote village in Ratnagiri, has his paternal house even today. It is located 25 km away from [[Chiplun]], Ratnagiri. Other paternal relatives of Gokhale still reside at the same.{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}} | His eldest daughter, Kashi (Anandibai), married Justice S.B. Dhavle ICS. She had three children – Gopal Shankar Dhavle, Balwant Shankar Dhavle and Meena Rajwade. Out of these three children, two of them had children. Balwant Shankar Dhavle and Nalini Dhavle (née Sathe) have three children: Shridhar Balwant Dhavle FCA, Vidyadhar Balwant Dhavle IFS and Jyotsna Balwant Dhavle. Vidyadhar Balwant Dhavle and Aabha Dixit have two sons Abhishek Vidyadhar Dhavle and Jaidev Vidyadhar Dhavle, who are the most recent direct descendants of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}} The ancestral house was constructed by Gopal Krishna Gokhale for his family in Pune, and it continues to be the residence of the Gokhale-Dhavle descendants to this day. Also, the native village of G.K Gokhale, Tamhanmala, a remote village in Ratnagiri, has his paternal house even today. It is located 25 km away from [[Chiplun]], [[Ratnagiri]]. Other paternal relatives of Gokhale still reside at the same.{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}} | ||
== Works == | == Works == | ||
* English weekly newspaper, The Hitavad (The people's paper) | * English weekly newspaper, The Hitavad (The people's paper) | ||
English news paper SUDHARAK | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*{{Cite EB1922|wstitle=Gokhale, Gopal Krishna |short=x}} | *{{Cite EB1922|wstitle=Gokhale, Gopal Krishna |short=x}} | ||
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[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]] | ||
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]] | [[Category:Indian revolutionaries]] | ||
[[Category:19th-century Indian essayists]] | [[Category:19th-century Indian essayists]] | ||
[[Category:Indian male writers]] | [[Category:Indian male writers]] | ||
[[Category:19th-century Indian male writers]] | [[Category:19th-century Indian male writers]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian economists]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian economists]] | ||
[[Category:Members of the Bombay Legislative Council]] | [[Category:Members of the Bombay Legislative Council]] | ||
[[Category:19th-century Indian journalists]] | [[Category:19th-century Indian journalists]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]] | ||
[[Category:Scholars from Mumbai]] | [[Category:Scholars from Mumbai]] | ||
[[Category:People from Bombay Presidency]] | |||