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{{Short description|City in Karnataka, India}} | |||
{{About|the municipality in India|its namesake district|Shimoga district}} | {{About|the municipality in India|its namesake district|Shimoga district}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} | ||
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{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name = Shimoga | | name = Shimoga | ||
| | | offical-name = Shivamogga | ||
| other_name = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --> | | other_name = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --> | ||
| settlement_type = [[City | | settlement_type = [[City]] | ||
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage|position=centre | | image_skyline = {{Photomontage|position=centre | ||
|photo1a = Indian Lion at Tyavarekoppa Tiger and Lion Reserve, Karnataka, India.jpg | |photo1a = Indian Lion at Tyavarekoppa Tiger and Lion Reserve, Karnataka, India.jpg | ||
|photo2a = Shivappanayaka.jpg | |photo2a = Shivappanayaka (cropped).jpg | ||
|photo2b = Sculpture of Mahishasura Mardhini dated to the 12th century.JPG | |photo2b = Sculpture of Mahishasura Mardhini dated to the 12th century.JPG | ||
|photo4a = Shivappa Nayaka Palace and garden.JPG | |photo4a = Shivappa Nayaka Palace and garden.JPG | ||
|size = | |size = 200 | ||
|spacing = 2 | |spacing = 2 | ||
|color = #FFFFFF | |color = #FFFFFF | ||
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| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011Gov"/> | | area_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011Gov"/> | ||
| area_total_km2 = 70.01 | | area_total_km2 = 70.01 | ||
| area_rural_km2 = 1037.29 | |||
| elevation_m = 569 | | elevation_m = 569 | ||
| population_total = 322650 | | population_total = 322650 | ||
| | | population_rural = 184674 | ||
| population_as_of = 2011 | | population_as_of = 2011 | ||
| population_rank = 10th (Karnataka) | | population_rank = 10th (Karnataka) | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Shimoga''', officially known as '''Shivamogga''',<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bangalore-becomes-bengaluru-11-other-cities-renamed/articleshow/45002333.cms|title=Bangalore becomes 'Bengaluru'; 11 other cities renamed|work=[[The Economic Times]]|agency=PTI|date=1 November 2014|access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref> is a city and the district headquarters of [[Shimoga district]] in the central part of the state of [[Karnataka]], India. The city lies on the banks of the [[Tunga River]]. Being the gateway for the hilly region of the [[Western Ghats]], the city is popularly nicknamed | '''Shimoga''', officially known as '''Shivamogga''',<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bangalore-becomes-bengaluru-11-other-cities-renamed/articleshow/45002333.cms|title=Bangalore becomes 'Bengaluru'; 11 other cities renamed|work=[[The Economic Times]]|agency=PTI|date=1 November 2014|access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref> is a city and the district headquarters of [[Shimoga district]] in the central part of the state of [[Karnataka]], India. The city lies on the banks of the [[Tunga River]]. Being the gateway for the hilly region of the [[Western Ghats]], the city is popularly nicknamed the "Gateway of [[Malenadu|Malnad]]".<ref>{{cite news |title=85 per cent unused funds leaves Shivamogga scruffy |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2018/may/06/85-per-cent-unused-funds-leaves-shivamogga-scruffy-1810855.html |access-date=23 February 2021 |work=The New Indian Express |date=6 May 2018}}</ref> The population of Shimoga city is 322,650 as per 2011 census.<ref name="Census2011Gov"/> The city has been selected for the Smart Cities project, standing in the fourth position in the state and 25th in the country as of November 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=Push to complete Smart City project works on time |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/push-to-complete-smart-city-project-works-on-time/article33164580.ece |access-date=12 February 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=24 November 2020}}</ref> | ||
The city is 569 m above sea level and is surrounded by lush green paddy fields, arecanut and coconut groves. It is located 267 km from the state capital [[Bangalore]] and 195 km from the port city [[Mangalore]]<ref name="karnataka.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.karnataka.com/shimoga/about-shimoga/|title=Shimoga {{!}} Shivamogga {{!}} Sightseeing Shimoga {{!}} Wildlife Shimoga|date=18 August 2016|website=Karnataka.com | The city is 569 m above sea level and is surrounded by lush green paddy fields, arecanut and coconut groves. It is located 267 km from the state capital [[Bangalore]] and 195 km from the port city [[Mangalore]].<ref name="karnataka.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.karnataka.com/shimoga/about-shimoga/|title=Shimoga {{!}} Shivamogga {{!}} Sightseeing Shimoga {{!}} Wildlife Shimoga|date=18 August 2016|website=Karnataka.com|access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The name of the city is derived from the term "''shivmoga''". A version of etymology is | The name of the city is derived from the term "''shivmoga''". A version of the etymology is the story that [[Shiva]] drank the [[Tunga River]] water using "''Mogge''",{{clarify|date=March 2022}} hence the name Shiva-mogga". Another version of the etymology is that the name is derived from the term "''Sihi-Mogge''", meaning "sweet pot".<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Shivamogga |url=https://shimoga.nic.in/en/history/ |website=Shivamogga District |publisher=National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, Government of India |access-date=8 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804162908/https://shimoga.nic.in/en/history/ |archive-date=4 August 2020}}</ref> | ||
The district formed the southern tip of the Emperor [[Ashoka]]'s [[Maurya]]n Empire in the third century BC.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} It was ruled during later centuries by the [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadamba]]s (4th century), [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukyas]] (6th century), [[Western Ganga dynasty|Western Ganga]], [[Rashtrakuta dynasty|Rashtrakutas]] (8th century), [[Hoysala Empire|Hoysalas]] (11th century), and the [[Vijayanagara]] rulers (15th century). | The district formed the southern tip of the Emperor [[Ashoka]]'s [[Maurya]]n Empire in the third century BC.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} It was ruled during later centuries by the [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadamba]]s (4th century), [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukyas]] (6th century), [[Western Ganga dynasty|Western Ganga]], [[Rashtrakuta dynasty|Rashtrakutas]] (8th century), [[Hoysala Empire|Hoysalas]] (11th century), and the [[Vijayanagara]] rulers (15th century). [[Nayakas of Keladi]] , also known as ''Nayakas of Bednore'' and ''Ikkeri Nayakas'', were an [[India]]n [[dynasty]] based in [[Keladi]] in present-day [[Shimoga district]] of [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. They were an important ruling dynasty in [[History of Karnataka#Late_Medieval_and_Early_Modern_period_(1206–1799_CE)|late medieval and early modern Karnataka]]. They initially ruled as a vassal of the famous [[Vijayanagar Empire]]. After the fall of the empire in 1565, they gained independence and ruled significant parts of [[Malnad]] region of the [[Western Ghats]] in present-day Karnataka, most areas in the [[Kanara|coastal regions of Karnataka]], and parts of northern [[Kerala]], [[Malabar region|Malabar]] and the central plains along the [[Tungabhadra river|Tungabhadra]] river. In 1763 AD, with their defeat to [[Hyder Ali]], they were absorbed into the [[Kingdom of Mysore]]. <ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bK4Ba6824koC&q=kilidi&pg=PA128 |title=A journey from Madras through the ... – Google Books |isbn=9788120603868 |access-date=17 September 2011|last1=Buchanan |first1=Francis |last2=Hamilton |first2=Francis |year=1988 }}</ref> | ||
During the Satyagraha movement, Mahatma Gandhi also visited the place to instigate the fight for national freedom.<ref name="karnataka.com"/> | During the Satyagraha movement, Mahatma Gandhi also visited the place to instigate the fight for national freedom.<ref name="karnataka.com"/> After the independence of [[India]] in 1947, the Mysore state merged into the Republic of India. | ||
On 1 November 2006, the government of Karnataka announced the renaming of Shimoga to "Shivamogga", along with nine other cities in the state. The central government approved (12 cities) the request in the October 2014 and the city was renamed on 1 November 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bangalore, Mysore, Other Karnataka Cities to be Renamed on 1 November|work=[[International Business Times]]|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-mysore-other-karnataka-cities-be-renamed-1-november-611683|date=18 October 2014|access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Centre nod for Karnataka's proposal on renaming cities|author= K. Jeevan Chinnappa|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/centre-nod-for-karnatakas-proposal-on-renaming-cities/article6514079.ece|work=The Hindu|date=18 October 2014|access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Its-Bengaluru-for-Pranab/articleshow/4746303.cms|work=The Times of India|title=It's Bengaluru for Pranab|date=7 July 2009|access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Nagesh Prabhu|title=New name for cities|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/from-bangalore-to-bengaluru/article6553314.ece|access-date=18 July 2018|work=The Hindu}}</ref> | On 1 November 2006, the government of Karnataka announced the renaming of Shimoga to "Shivamogga", along with nine other cities in the state. The central government approved (12 cities) the request in the October 2014 and the city was renamed on 1 November 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bangalore, Mysore, Other Karnataka Cities to be Renamed on 1 November|work=[[International Business Times]]|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-mysore-other-karnataka-cities-be-renamed-1-november-611683|date=18 October 2014|access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Centre nod for Karnataka's proposal on renaming cities|author= K. Jeevan Chinnappa|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/centre-nod-for-karnatakas-proposal-on-renaming-cities/article6514079.ece|work=The Hindu|date=18 October 2014|access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Its-Bengaluru-for-Pranab/articleshow/4746303.cms|work=The Times of India|title=It's Bengaluru for Pranab|date=7 July 2009|access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Nagesh Prabhu|title=New name for cities|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/from-bangalore-to-bengaluru/article6553314.ece|access-date=18 July 2018|work=The Hindu}}</ref> | ||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
As of [[2011 Indian Census]], Shimoga had a total population of 322,650, of which 162,018 were males and 160,632 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 32,691. The total number of literates in Shimoga was 254,531, which constituted 78.9% of the population with male literacy of 81.4% and female literacy of 76.3%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Shimoga was 87.8%, of which male literacy rate was 90.8% and female literacy rate was 84.8%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 40,737 and 9,192 respectively. Shimoga had 76009 households in 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Shimoga |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=692366 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=5 December 2019}}</ref> | As of [[2011 Indian Census]], Shimoga had a total population of 322,650, of which 162,018 were males and 160,632 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 32,691. The total number of literates in Shimoga was 254,531, which constituted 78.9% of the population with male literacy of 81.4% and female literacy of 76.3%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Shimoga was 87.8%, of which male literacy rate was 90.8% and female literacy rate was 84.8%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 40,737 and 9,192 respectively. Shimoga had 76009 households in 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Shimoga |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=692366 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=5 December 2019}}</ref> | ||
[[Kannada]] is the most widely spoken language in Shimoga.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=18 July 2018|url=http://www.shivamoggaonline.in/city-guide/culture-of-shimoga|title=culture of shivamogga|publisher=shivamoggaonline.in}}</ref> | [[Kannada]] is the most widely spoken language in Shimoga. 85.5% of people are [[Hindus]] and 12.25% are [[Muslims]], with rest being [[Buddhist]]s, [[Christian]]s and other..<ref>{{cite web|access-date=18 July 2018|url=http://www.shivamoggaonline.in/city-guide/culture-of-shimoga|title=culture of shivamogga|publisher=shivamoggaonline.in}}</ref> | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
According to the Shimoga City Municipal Corporation,<ref>{{cite web|title=Shimoga Municipal corporation|url=http://www.shimogacity.gov.in/|access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref> the city has a total area of about {{convert|50|km2|sqmi}}. Most/all these hills are part of the [[Western Ghats]], a region known for plentiful rainfall and lush greenery and declared during 2012 as a [[World Heritage]] site. [[Tunga River]] flows through Shimoga. | According to the Shimoga City Municipal Corporation,<ref>{{cite web|title=Shimoga Municipal corporation|url=http://www.shimogacity.gov.in/|access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref> the city has a total area of about {{convert|50|km2|sqmi}}. As per the Smart City Proposal, of the total city area (around 70.01 m²), 11.28% area is under OS & green belts while 7% is under water cover.<ref>{{Cite web |last=City |first=Smart |date=28 Feb 2023 |title=SmartCityProposal_KA-03-SMG |url=https://smartnet.niua.org/sites/default/files/resources/SmartCityProposal_KA-03-SMG.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=28 Feb 2023 |website=Smartnet}}</ref> Most/all these hills are part of the [[Western Ghats]], a region known for plentiful rainfall and lush greenery and declared during 2012 as a [[World Heritage]] site. [[Tunga River]] flows through Shimoga. The river is the major source of drinking water in the city and the city gets its drinking water through the Tunga dam (also known as Gajanuru dam).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chronicle |first=Deccan |date=2019-07-02 |title=Inflow of Tunga river in Karnataka rises after heavy rainfall in Western Ghats |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/020719/inflow-of-tunga-river-in-karnataka-rises-after-heavy-rainfall-in-weste.html |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> | ||
=== Climate === | === Climate === | ||
The climate is tropical wet and dry ([[Köppen climate classification]]) summer average temperature {{convert|20|-|35|°C|F}}. This means that the winter and the early part of summer are typically dry periods. The majority of the rainfall occurs between June and early October. Shimoga is a part of a region known as [[Malnad]] (land of hills) in Karnataka. Yearly, the rainfall aggregates up to 3295mm of precipitation.<ref name="d.o.o">{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/india/shimoga-climate|title=Shimoga, India - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast | The climate is tropical wet and dry ([[Köppen climate classification]]) summer average temperature {{convert|20|-|35|°C|F}}. This means that the winter and the early part of summer are typically dry periods. The majority of the rainfall occurs between June and early October. Shimoga is a part of a region known as [[Malnad]] (land of hills) in Karnataka. Yearly, the rainfall aggregates up to 3295mm of precipitation.<ref name="d.o.o">{{Cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/india/shimoga-climate |title=Shimoga, India - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast |website=Weather Atlas |access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref> January and February are the driest months, July the wettest, and April is the warmest month with an average high temperature of 35.5 degrees Celsius (95.9 degrees F). Coldest months of Shimoga are July, August, November and December with average high temperature of 27 degrees Celsius (80.6 degrees F).<ref name="d.o.o"/> In summer (April–May), temperature crosses 36 °C at Shimoga.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldweatheronline.com/v2/weather-averages.aspx?locid=1132489&root_id=1104737&wc=local_weather&map=~/shimoga-weather-averages/karnataka/in.aspx |title=Shimoga weather|publisher=World Weather Online|access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref> | ||
{{Weather box | {{Weather box | ||
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== Civic administration == | == Civic administration == | ||
Shimoga is governed by a Municipal Corporation called the Shivamogga City Corporation. The total area under it is {{cvt|70.01|km2}}, with a population of 322,650 (Census 2011).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://shivamoggacitycorp.org/|title=Shivamogga City Corporation|website=shivamoggacitycorp.org|access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref> Shimoga has been selected under the Smart Cities Mission of the Indian Government under Round 2 of selections.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://smartcities.gov.in/content/innerpage/city-wise-projects-under-smart-cities-mission.php|title=City Wise Projects under Smart Cities Mission :: SMART CITIES MISSION, Government of India|website=smartcities.gov.in|access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref> Shimoga was upgraded to a Municipal Corporation from a Municipal Council in 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/tumkur-shimoga-and-bijapur-cities-to-be-upgraded-as-municipal-corporations/article5085415.ece|title=Tumkur, Shimoga and Bijapur cities to be upgraded as Municipal Corporations|date=2 September 2013|work=The Hindu|access-date=10 April 2020 | {{Update section|date=August 2022|reason=Apparently this section needs updating. Updates require current references, not edited existing.}} | ||
Shimoga is governed by a Municipal Corporation called the Shivamogga City Corporation. The total area under it is {{cvt|70.01|km2}}, with a population of 322,650 (Census 2011).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://shivamoggacitycorp.org/|title=Shivamogga City Corporation|website=shivamoggacitycorp.org|access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref> Shimoga has been selected under the Smart Cities Mission of the Indian Government under Round 2 of selections.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://smartcities.gov.in/content/innerpage/city-wise-projects-under-smart-cities-mission.php|title=City Wise Projects under Smart Cities Mission :: SMART CITIES MISSION, Government of India |website=smartcities.gov.in|access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref> Shimoga was upgraded to a Municipal Corporation from a Municipal Council in 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/tumkur-shimoga-and-bijapur-cities-to-be-upgraded-as-municipal-corporations/article5085415.ece |title=Tumkur, Shimoga and Bijapur cities to be upgraded as Municipal Corporations |date=2 September 2013 |work=The Hindu |access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref> The latest Mayoral elections of Shimoga City Corporation were held in October 2022 in which BJP leader S Shivakumar was elected the Mayor and Lakshmi Shankar Naik was elected as the Deputy Mayor.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2022-10-28 |title=Mayor, Deputy Mayor elected |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/mayor-deputy-mayor-elected/article66065416.ece |access-date=2023-05-10 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Since they were elected by elected representatives belonging to their party, the corporation (like the rest of the state o Karnataka) follows indirect elections to elect their mayor through the councillors.<ref name="Reporter">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/bjp-candidates-elected-mayor-deputy-mayor/article30683514.ece|title=BJP candidates elected Mayor, Deputy Mayor|date=29 January 2020|work=The Hindu|access-date=10 April 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The corporation has a Council of 35 elected members.<ref name="Reporter"/> As per the latest sources, K Mayanna Gowda is the commissioner of the Municipal Corporation of Shivamogga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shivamogga Smart City |url=https://shivamoggasmartcity.co.in/about |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=shivamoggasmartcity.co.in}}</ref> | |||
==Economy == | ==Economy == | ||
[[File:R M C Yard, Shimoga.JPG|thumb | [[File:R M C Yard, Shimoga.JPG|thumb|RMC Yard, Shimoga]] | ||
APMC of Shimoga is main marketing point of arecanut, the major commercial crop grown in the district and well as in neighbouring districts like Uttara Kannada. Shimoga has the biggest [[areca nut]] market, and known for procuring high quality areca nuts. Other agricultural produces like rice, chili, coconut etc. are also marketed in APMC. | APMC of Shimoga is main marketing point of arecanut, the major commercial crop grown in the district and well as in neighbouring districts like Uttara Kannada. Shimoga has the biggest [[areca nut]] market, and known for procuring high quality areca nuts. Other agricultural produces like rice, Maize, chili, coconut etc. are also marketed in APMC. | ||
Shimoga IT Park is an information technology hub built just outside Shimoga near the upcoming [[Shimoga Airport]]. The IT Park consists of a 100000 sq ft office building with 24/7 electrical capacity, diesel backup generators, and high speed T1 data connections for use by IT industries such as data centres, call centres, aerospace, robotics, etc.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/Two-years-on-Shimoga-Information-Technology-Park-awaits-entrepreneurs/article11623716.ece|title=Two years on, Shimoga Information Technology Park awaits entrepreneurs|author=Veerendra, P. M.|date=26 May 2014|work=The Hindu|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | |||
[[File:Spar mall.jpg|thumb|spar mall]] | |||
[[File:City centre mall shimoga.jpg|thumb|city centre mall shimoga]] | |||
Shimoga | ==Education== | ||
Shimoga is one of the important centers for the high school and the pre-university education in [[Karnataka]]. Notable institutes in Shimoga for pre-university (PU) education include: Sri Aurobindo PU College and [[PACE PU College]]. | |||
The village of [[Gajanur, Shimoga|Gajanur]] hosts a [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya]] (central school) which is a [[boarding school]]. [[Kuvempu University]] is located in Shankarghatta, at a distance of 20 km from Shimoga. | |||
[[Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences]] is the medical sciences college at Shimoga and managed by Government Departments. Subbaiah Institute of Medical Sciences is located at Purale.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smcshimoga.com/contact-us.php|publisher=Subbaiah Institute of Medical Science|title=Contact Us|access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref> It also has two engineering colleges, [[Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering]] and [[PES Institute of Technology and Management]]. | |||
== Transportation == | == Transportation == | ||
[[File:Ksrtcshimoga.jpg|thumb | [[File:Ksrtcshimoga.jpg|thumb|[[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC]] Bus Stand]] | ||
Shimoga is well connected by road to major cities like [[Bangalore]], [[Mangalore]], [[Hubli]]. Two major National Highways pass through the | Shimoga is well connected by road to major cities like [[Bangalore]], [[Mysore]],[[Mangalore]], [[Hubli]], [[Davangere]], [[bellary]]. Two major National Highways pass through the city. | ||
The city has two railway stations, and there are trains that run to and from Bangalore, [[Mysore]], [[Tirupati]] and [[Chennai]]. | The city has two railway stations, main one being [[Shivamogga Town Railway Station]], and there are trains that run to and from Bangalore, [[Mysore]], [[Tirupati]] and [[Chennai]]. | ||
[[Shimoga Airport]] is | [[Shimoga Airport]] is situated near Sogane, 13 km south of Shimoga. This is the first airport which is being operated by Karnataka State Industrial & Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited as a wholly owned and undertaking of Government of Karnataka and not handed over to Airport Authority of India<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shivamogga on aviation map as PM to inaugurate airport today |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2023/feb/27/shivamogga-on-aviation-map-aspm-to-inaugurate-airport-today-2551271.html |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/airport-at-shimoga-likely-to-come-up-at-sogane/article3144423.ece |title=Airport at Shimoga likely to come up at Sogane|date=8 April 2006|work=The Hindu|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The nearest international airports are [[Kempegowda International Airport]] and [[Mangalore International Airport]]. | ||
==Notable people== | ==Notable people== | ||
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<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> | <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | ||
*[[U. R. Ananthamurthy]], Jnanapeetha awardee | |||
*[[Sarekoppa Bangarappa]], former Chief Minister of Karnataka | *[[Sarekoppa Bangarappa]], former Chief Minister of Karnataka | ||
*[[K. S. Eshwarappa]], | *[[K. S. Eshwarappa]], a politician and former Deputy Chief Minister of Karnataka | ||
*[[Shanthaveri Gopala Gowda]], a Socialist Leader. | |||
*[[Mathur Krishnamurthy]], Kannada language writer. | |||
*[[Kuvempu]], a National poet, Jnanapeetha winner | *[[Kuvempu]], a National poet, Jnanapeetha winner | ||
*[[P Lankesh]] | |||
*[[Kadidal Manjappa]], 3rd [[Chief Minister of Karnataka]] | |||
*[[Shekhar Naik]], a former captain of the Indian blind cricket team | *[[Shekhar Naik]], a former captain of the Indian blind cricket team | ||
*[[D. H. Shankaramurthy]], Former Chairman of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly | *[[D. H. Shankaramurthy]], Former Chairman of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly | ||
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Alada Halli, Shimoga]] | *[[Alada Halli, Shimoga]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 247: | Line 256: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[http://www.shimoga.nic.in/zpshimoga/ Shimoga Zilla Panchayat] | *[http://www.shimoga.nic.in/zpshimoga/ Shimoga Zilla Panchayat] | ||
*[http://shimoga.nic.in/ Shimoga Profile] | *[http://shimoga.nic.in/ Shimoga Profile] | ||
*[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/india/nd-43-11.jpg U.S. Army Corps of Engineers detailed map of Shimoga district 1959] | *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/india/nd-43-11.jpg U.S. Army Corps of Engineers detailed map of Shimoga district 1959] | ||
*[http://www.shimogacity.gov.in/ Shimoga City Website] | *[http://www.shimogacity.gov.in/ Shimoga City Website] | ||
{{Shivamogga topics}} | {{Shivamogga topics}} | ||
Latest revision as of 07:30, 22 July 2023
Shimoga | |
|---|---|
 .jpg)   Images, from top down, left right Indian lion in the Tyavarekoppa Tiger and Lion Reserve Statue of Keladi Shivappa Nayaka Sculpture of Mahishasura Mardhini Shivappa Nayaka palace | |
  Shimoga  Shimoga | |
| Coordinates: 13°56′N 75°34′E / 13.933°N 75.567°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Karnataka |
| District | Shimoga |
| Region | Malenadu |
| Government | |
| • Type | City Corporation |
| • Body | Shivamogga Mahanagara Palike |
| Area | |
| • City | 70.01 km2 (27.03 sq mi) |
| • Rural | 1,037.29 km2 (400.50 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 569 m (1,867 ft) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
| • City | 322,650 |
| • Rank | 10th (Karnataka) |
| • Rural | 184,674 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Kannada |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 577201 - 577205 |
| Telephone code | 91-(0)8182-XXXXXX |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-KA |
| Vehicle registration | KA-14 |
| Climate | Aw |
| Website | www |
Shimoga, officially known as Shivamogga,[2] is a city and the district headquarters of Shimoga district in the central part of the state of Karnataka, India. The city lies on the banks of the Tunga River. Being the gateway for the hilly region of the Western Ghats, the city is popularly nicknamed the "Gateway of Malnad".[3] The population of Shimoga city is 322,650 as per 2011 census.[1] The city has been selected for the Smart Cities project, standing in the fourth position in the state and 25th in the country as of November 2020.[4]
The city is 569 m above sea level and is surrounded by lush green paddy fields, arecanut and coconut groves. It is located 267 km from the state capital Bangalore and 195 km from the port city Mangalore.[5]
History[edit | edit source]
The name of the city is derived from the term "shivmoga". A version of the etymology is the story that Shiva drank the Tunga River water using "Mogge",[clarification needed] hence the name Shiva-mogga". Another version of the etymology is that the name is derived from the term "Sihi-Mogge", meaning "sweet pot".[6]
The district formed the southern tip of the Emperor Ashoka's Mauryan Empire in the third century BC.[citation needed] It was ruled during later centuries by the Kadambas (4th century), Chalukyas (6th century), Western Ganga, Rashtrakutas (8th century), Hoysalas (11th century), and the Vijayanagara rulers (15th century). Nayakas of Keladi , also known as Nayakas of Bednore and Ikkeri Nayakas, were an Indian dynasty based in Keladi in present-day Shimoga district of Karnataka, India. They were an important ruling dynasty in late medieval and early modern Karnataka. They initially ruled as a vassal of the famous Vijayanagar Empire. After the fall of the empire in 1565, they gained independence and ruled significant parts of Malnad region of the Western Ghats in present-day Karnataka, most areas in the coastal regions of Karnataka, and parts of northern Kerala, Malabar and the central plains along the Tungabhadra river. In 1763 AD, with their defeat to Hyder Ali, they were absorbed into the Kingdom of Mysore. [7]
During the Satyagraha movement, Mahatma Gandhi also visited the place to instigate the fight for national freedom.[5] After the independence of India in 1947, the Mysore state merged into the Republic of India.
On 1 November 2006, the government of Karnataka announced the renaming of Shimoga to "Shivamogga", along with nine other cities in the state. The central government approved (12 cities) the request in the October 2014 and the city was renamed on 1 November 2014.[8][9][10][11]
Demographics[edit | edit source]
As of 2011 Indian Census, Shimoga had a total population of 322,650, of which 162,018 were males and 160,632 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 32,691. The total number of literates in Shimoga was 254,531, which constituted 78.9% of the population with male literacy of 81.4% and female literacy of 76.3%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Shimoga was 87.8%, of which male literacy rate was 90.8% and female literacy rate was 84.8%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 40,737 and 9,192 respectively. Shimoga had 76009 households in 2011.[1]
Kannada is the most widely spoken language in Shimoga. 85.5% of people are Hindus and 12.25% are Muslims, with rest being Buddhists, Christians and other..[12]
Geography[edit | edit source]
According to the Shimoga City Municipal Corporation,[13] the city has a total area of about 50 square kilometres (19 sq mi). As per the Smart City Proposal, of the total city area (around 70.01 m²), 11.28% area is under OS & green belts while 7% is under water cover.[14] Most/all these hills are part of the Western Ghats, a region known for plentiful rainfall and lush greenery and declared during 2012 as a World Heritage site. Tunga River flows through Shimoga. The river is the major source of drinking water in the city and the city gets its drinking water through the Tunga dam (also known as Gajanuru dam).[15]
Climate[edit | edit source]
The climate is tropical wet and dry (Köppen climate classification) summer average temperature 20–35 °C (68–95 °F). This means that the winter and the early part of summer are typically dry periods. The majority of the rainfall occurs between June and early October. Shimoga is a part of a region known as Malnad (land of hills) in Karnataka. Yearly, the rainfall aggregates up to 3295mm of precipitation.[16] January and February are the driest months, July the wettest, and April is the warmest month with an average high temperature of 35.5 degrees Celsius (95.9 degrees F). Coldest months of Shimoga are July, August, November and December with average high temperature of 27 degrees Celsius (80.6 degrees F).[16] In summer (April–May), temperature crosses 36 °C at Shimoga.[17]
| Climate data for Shimoga (1981–2010, extremes 1950–2005) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.0 (95.0) |
38.8 (101.8) |
41.4 (106.5) |
39.7 (103.5) |
44.0 (111.2) |
40.0 (104.0) |
34.7 (94.5) |
35.0 (95.0) |
38.0 (100.4) |
35.0 (95.0) |
34.4 (93.9) |
34.0 (93.2) |
44.0 (111.2) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 31.5 (88.7) |
33.6 (92.5) |
36.0 (96.8) |
36.4 (97.5) |
34.9 (94.8) |
30.1 (86.2) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.8 (82.0) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.4 (86.7) |
30.1 (86.2) |
30.0 (86.0) |
31.6 (88.9) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 15.3 (59.5) |
16.5 (61.7) |
19.5 (67.1) |
21.5 (70.7) |
22.2 (72.0) |
21.5 (70.7) |
20.9 (69.6) |
20.5 (68.9) |
20.3 (68.5) |
20.2 (68.4) |
18.2 (64.8) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.3 (66.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 6.5 (43.7) |
9.0 (48.2) |
11.7 (53.1) |
11.5 (52.7) |
15.0 (59.0) |
16.0 (60.8) |
15.7 (60.3) |
13.0 (55.4) |
11.5 (52.7) |
11.7 (53.1) |
8.0 (46.4) |
6.0 (42.8) |
6.0 (42.8) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.2 (0.01) |
0.3 (0.01) |
5.9 (0.23) |
34.8 (1.37) |
41.1 (1.62) |
109.0 (4.29) |
158.2 (6.23) |
129.0 (5.08) |
70.8 (2.79) |
140.4 (5.53) |
30.4 (1.20) |
11.2 (0.44) |
731.1 (28.78) |
| Average rainy days | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 8.4 | 11.9 | 12.7 | 5.3 | 6.3 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 53.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 42 | 40 | 36 | 43 | 53 | 74 | 78 | 79 | 73 | 69 | 59 | 48 | 58 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[18][19] | |||||||||||||
Civic administration[edit | edit source]
 | This section needs to be updated. The reason given is: Apparently this section needs updating. Updates require current references, not edited existing.. (August 2022) |
Shimoga is governed by a Municipal Corporation called the Shivamogga City Corporation. The total area under it is 70.01 km2 (27.03 sq mi), with a population of 322,650 (Census 2011).[20] Shimoga has been selected under the Smart Cities Mission of the Indian Government under Round 2 of selections.[21] Shimoga was upgraded to a Municipal Corporation from a Municipal Council in 2013.[22] The latest Mayoral elections of Shimoga City Corporation were held in October 2022 in which BJP leader S Shivakumar was elected the Mayor and Lakshmi Shankar Naik was elected as the Deputy Mayor.[23] Since they were elected by elected representatives belonging to their party, the corporation (like the rest of the state o Karnataka) follows indirect elections to elect their mayor through the councillors.[24] The corporation has a Council of 35 elected members.[24] As per the latest sources, K Mayanna Gowda is the commissioner of the Municipal Corporation of Shivamogga.[25]
Economy[edit | edit source]
APMC of Shimoga is main marketing point of arecanut, the major commercial crop grown in the district and well as in neighbouring districts like Uttara Kannada. Shimoga has the biggest areca nut market, and known for procuring high quality areca nuts. Other agricultural produces like rice, Maize, chili, coconut etc. are also marketed in APMC.
Shimoga IT Park is an information technology hub built just outside Shimoga near the upcoming Shimoga Airport. The IT Park consists of a 100000 sq ft office building with 24/7 electrical capacity, diesel backup generators, and high speed T1 data connections for use by IT industries such as data centres, call centres, aerospace, robotics, etc.[26]
Education[edit | edit source]
Shimoga is one of the important centers for the high school and the pre-university education in Karnataka. Notable institutes in Shimoga for pre-university (PU) education include: Sri Aurobindo PU College and PACE PU College.
The village of Gajanur hosts a Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (central school) which is a boarding school. Kuvempu University is located in Shankarghatta, at a distance of 20 km from Shimoga.
Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences is the medical sciences college at Shimoga and managed by Government Departments. Subbaiah Institute of Medical Sciences is located at Purale.[27] It also has two engineering colleges, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering and PES Institute of Technology and Management.
Transportation[edit | edit source]
Shimoga is well connected by road to major cities like Bangalore, Mysore,Mangalore, Hubli, Davangere, bellary. Two major National Highways pass through the city.
The city has two railway stations, main one being Shivamogga Town Railway Station, and there are trains that run to and from Bangalore, Mysore, Tirupati and Chennai.
Shimoga Airport is situated near Sogane, 13 km south of Shimoga. This is the first airport which is being operated by Karnataka State Industrial & Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited as a wholly owned and undertaking of Government of Karnataka and not handed over to Airport Authority of India[28].[29] The nearest international airports are Kempegowda International Airport and Mangalore International Airport.
Notable people[edit | edit source]
- U. R. Ananthamurthy, Jnanapeetha awardee
- Sarekoppa Bangarappa, former Chief Minister of Karnataka
- K. S. Eshwarappa, a politician and former Deputy Chief Minister of Karnataka
- Shanthaveri Gopala Gowda, a Socialist Leader.
- Mathur Krishnamurthy, Kannada language writer.
- Kuvempu, a National poet, Jnanapeetha winner
- P Lankesh
- Kadidal Manjappa, 3rd Chief Minister of Karnataka
- Shekhar Naik, a former captain of the Indian blind cricket team
- D. H. Shankaramurthy, Former Chairman of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly
- Khadi Shankarappa, a freedom fighter
- Shimoga Subbanna, a playback singer
- Sudeep, an actor and director in Indian cinema
- Archana Udupa , Indian playback singer
- B. S. Yediyurappa, 19th Chief Minister of Karnataka
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Census of India: Shimoga". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
- ↑ "Bangalore becomes 'Bengaluru'; 11 other cities renamed". The Economic Times. PTI. 1 November 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
- ↑ "85 per cent unused funds leaves Shivamogga scruffy". The New Indian Express. 6 May 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ↑ "Push to complete Smart City project works on time". The Hindu. 24 November 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Shimoga | Shivamogga | Sightseeing Shimoga | Wildlife Shimoga". Karnataka.com. 18 August 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ "History of Shivamogga". Shivamogga District. National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, Government of India. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
- ↑ Buchanan, Francis; Hamilton, Francis (1988). A journey from Madras through the ... – Google Books. ISBN 9788120603868. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ↑ "Bangalore, Mysore, Other Karnataka Cities to be Renamed on 1 November". International Business Times. 18 October 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
- ↑ K. Jeevan Chinnappa (18 October 2014). "Centre nod for Karnataka's proposal on renaming cities". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
- ↑ "It's Bengaluru for Pranab". The Times of India. 7 July 2009. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
- ↑ Nagesh Prabhu. "New name for cities". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
- ↑ "culture of shivamogga". shivamoggaonline.in. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
- ↑ "Shimoga Municipal corporation". Retrieved 18 July 2018.
- ↑ City, Smart (28 February 2023). "SmartCityProposal_KA-03-SMG" (PDF). Smartnet. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ Chronicle, Deccan (2 July 2019). "Inflow of Tunga river in Karnataka rises after heavy rainfall in Western Ghats". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Shimoga, India - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ "Shimoga weather". World Weather Online. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
- ↑ "Station: Shimoga Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 705–706. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
- ↑ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M103. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
- ↑ "Shivamogga City Corporation". shivamoggacitycorp.org. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ "City Wise Projects under Smart Cities Mission :: SMART CITIES MISSION, Government of India". smartcities.gov.in. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ "Tumkur, Shimoga and Bijapur cities to be upgraded as Municipal Corporations". The Hindu. 2 September 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ Bureau, The Hindu (28 October 2022). "Mayor, Deputy Mayor elected". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
{{cite news}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ↑ 24.0 24.1 "BJP candidates elected Mayor, Deputy Mayor". The Hindu. 29 January 2020. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ "Shivamogga Smart City". shivamoggasmartcity.co.in. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ↑ Veerendra, P. M. (26 May 2014). "Two years on, Shimoga Information Technology Park awaits entrepreneurs". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X.
- ↑ "Contact Us". Subbaiah Institute of Medical Science. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
- ↑ "Shivamogga on aviation map as PM to inaugurate airport today". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
- ↑ "Airport at Shimoga likely to come up at Sogane". The Hindu. 8 April 2006. ISSN 0971-751X.
