Muzaffarnagar: Difference between revisions

What links here Related changes Page information Get shortened URL
Created by Australianartandculture
Last edited February 22, 2026
← Older editNewer edit →
VisualWikitext
WikiDwarfBOT (talk | contribs)
Bots, trusted
8,493 edits
Cleanup: Source modification.
Line 1: Line 1:
{{About|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Meerut district}}
{{About|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Muzaffarnagar district}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2021}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2013}}
 
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
 
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->
<!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->| name                     = Muzaffarnagar
| name                           = Muzaffarnagar
| official_name           =  
| official_name                   = |
| settlement_type         = City
| settlement_type                 = [[City]]
| nickname                 = Sugar Bowl of Uttar Pradesh
| nickname                       = Sugar Bowl of India
| pushpin_map             = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_map                     = India Uttar Pradesh
| coordinates             = {{coord|29.482|77.700|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates                     = {{coord|29.482217|77.700116|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_type               = Country
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_name               = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[List of districts of Uttar Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Muzaffarnagar district|Muzaffarnagar]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Muzaffarnagar district|Muzaffarnagar]]
| established_title       = First Settled
| established_title               = First Settled
| established_date         = 1399
| established_date               = 1399
| established_title1       = Founded
| established_title1             = Founded
| established_date1       = 1633
| established_date1               = 1633
| established_title2       = Incorporated as City
| established_title2             = Incorporated as City
| established_date2       = 1826
| established_date2               = 1826
| founder                 = Saiyed Muzaffar Ali khan
| founder                         = Saiyed Muzaffar Ali khan
| named_for               = Saiyed Muzaffar Ali khan
| named_for                       = Saiyed Muzaffar Ali khan
| governing_body           = Municipal Board of Muzaffarnagar
| governing_body                 = Municipal Board of Muzaffarnagar
| leader_party             =  
| leader_party                   =  
| leader_title             = [[District magistrate|District Magistrate]]
| leader_title                   = [[District magistrate|District Magistrate]]
| leader_name             = Arvind Mallappa Bangari
| leader_name                     = Mrs Selva Kumari<ref name="dm-profile">{{Cite web|url=https://muzaffarnagar.nic.in/dm-profile/|title=Who's Who|website=muzaffarnagar.nic.in|access-date=15 May 2019}}</ref>
[[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<ref name="dm-profile">{{Cite web|url=https://muzaffarnagar.nic.in/dm-profile/|title=Who's Who|website=muzaffarnagar.nic.in|access-date=15 May 2019}}</ref>
| leader_title1                   = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| leader_title1           = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| leader_name1                   = [[Sanjeev Kumar Balyan]] (BJP)
| leader_name1             = [[Sanjeev Kumar Balyan]] (BJP)
| unit_pref                       = Metric
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_total_km2                 = 204.8
| area_total_km2           = 204.8
| length_km                       = 16.3
| length_km               =  
| width_km                       = 16
| width_km                 =  
| elevation_footnotes             =  
| elevation_footnotes     =  
| elevation_m                     = 267
| elevation_m             = 267
| population_total               = 495,543
| population_total         = 495,543
| population_as_of               = 2011
| population_as_of         = 2011
| population_footnotes           = <ref name=2011Cities>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|format=pdf|title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref>
| population_footnotes     = <ref name=2011Cities>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref>
| population_density_km2         = auto
| population_density_km2   = auto
| population_metro_footnotes     = <ref name=2011UA>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|format=pdf|title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref>
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name=2011UA>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref>
| population_rank                 = [[List of cities in Uttar Pradesh by population|15]] (In [[Uttar Pradesh|U.P.]])
| population_rank         = [[List of cities in Uttar Pradesh by population|15]] (In [[Uttar Pradesh|U.P.]])
| population_blank1_title         = City
| population_blank1_title = City
| population_blank1               = 392,768
| population_blank1       = 392,768
| population_demonym             = Muzaffarnagri  
| population_demonym       = Muzaffarnagri
| demographics_type1             = Languages
| demographics_type1       = Languages
| demographics1_title1           = Official
| demographics1_title1     = Official
| timezone1                       = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1                     = +5:30
| utc_offset1             = +5:30
| postal_code_type               = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code_type         = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code                     = 251001
| postal_code             = 251001
| postal2_code_type               = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal2_code_type       = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal2_code                   = 251002
| postal2_code             = 251002
| area_code                       = 0131
| area_code               = 0131
| area_code_type                 = Telephone code
| area_code_type           = Telephone code
| registration_plate             = UP-12
| registration_plate       = UP-12
| blank_name_sec1                 = First newspaper
| blank_name_sec1         = First newspaper
| blank_info_sec1                 = ''Dainik Dehat'' (est. 1936)
| blank_info_sec1         = ''Dainik Dehat'' (est. 1936)
| website                         = {{url|muzaffarnagar.nic.in}}
| website                 = {{url|muzaffarnagar.nic.in}}
| leader_title2                   = [[Member of Legislative Assembly  ]]
| leader_title2           = [[Member of Legislative Assembly  ]]
| leader_name2                   = Kapil Dev Agarwal ([[Bharatiya Janta Party|BJP]])
| leader_name2             = Kapil Dev Agarwal ([[Bharatiya Janta Party|BJP]])
| demographics1_info1             = [[Hindi language|Hindi,English and Urdu]]
| demographics1_info1     = [[Hindi language|Hindi,English and Urdu]]
| demographics1_title2           = Literacy rate
| demographics1_title2     = Literacy rate
| demographics1_info2             = 87.15
| demographics1_info2     = 87.15
}}
}}


'''Muzaffarnagar''' ({{audio|Muzaffarnagar.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a city under Muzaffarnagar Urban Metropolitan Region and is controlled by [[municipal board]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is a part of the  [[Delhi NCR]] abbreviation of [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region (NCR)]]. It is the headquarters of the [[Muzaffarnagar district]]. It is situated midway on [[Delhi]] - [[Haridwar]]/[[Dehradun]] National Highway ([[NH 58]]), the city is also well connected with the [[Indian Railways|national railway network]].
'''Muzaffarnagar''' is a city under [[Muzaffarnagar district]] in the Indian State of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is situated midway on the [[Delhi]] - [[Haridwar]]/[[Dehradun]] National Highway ([[NH 58]]) and is also well connected with the [[Indian Railways|national railway network]]. It is known as the sugarbowl of Uttar Pradesh.


The city is located in the middle of highly fertile upper [[Ganga-Yamuna Doab]] region and is very near to the New Delhi and Saharanpur, making it one of the most developed and prosperous cities of Uttar Pradesh. It comes under the Saharanpur division . This city is part of [[Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project|Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor]] (DMIC) and [[Amritsar Delhi Kolkata Industrial Corridor]] (ADKIC). It share its border with state of Uttarakhand.  It is the principal commercial, industrial and educational hub of Western Uttar Pradesh. As of July 2019, Ms Selva Kumari is the District Magistrate of Muzaffarnagar.<ref name="dm-profile"/>
The city previously called Sarwat and is located in the middle of the highly fertile upper [[Ganga-Yamuna Doab]] region and is very near to New Delhi and Saharanpur, making it one of the most developed and prosperous cities of Uttar Pradesh. It comes under the Saharanpur division. This city is part of Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) and [[Amritsar Delhi Kolkata Industrial Corridor]] (ADKIC). It shares its border with the state of Uttarakhand and it is the principal commercial, industrial and educational hub of Western Uttar Pradesh.


==History==
==History==
The town was renamed in 1633 by the son of a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Commander [[Sayyid]] Muzaffar Khan during the reign of [[Shah Jahan]], which was earlier ruled by [[Maulaheri Jats|Maulaheri jats]] with the name of Sarwat(Sarasvatipura).In 1947,When the country got independence Late Shri Keshav Gupta, a renowned freedom fighter who went on to become the first [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from Muzaffarnagar constituency following which the [[Flag of India|Indian flag]] was hoisted for the first time at his residence in the Muzaffarnagar City.<ref name="imp93">{{cite web| title = Muzaffarnagar City|publisher=[[Imperial Gazetteer of India]], Digital South Asia Library, Volume 18|page= 93|year=1909| url = https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_099.gif|access-date=9 September 2013}}</ref>
[[File:The Decapitation of Khan Jahan Lodi.jpg|thumb|Khan-i Jahan Muzaffar Barha (right) and Sayyid Mian Barha I (left)]]
The town was established in 1633 by the son of a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Commander [[Sayyid]] [[Muzaffar Khan]] Barha, otherwise known as Khan-i-Jahan,<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4HoIAAAAQAAJ&dq=sayyids+jansath&pg=RA4-PA31 |page=31 |author=Alan Cadell |title= Settlement Report of the District of Muzaffarnagar: Including a Report on the Permanent Settlement of the Western Parganas of the District, and Also a Report on the Settlement of the Ganges Canal Tract |date=1873 |publisher=North-Western Provinces and Oudh Government Press }}</ref> during the reign of [[Shah Jahan]]. At the time Muzaffarnagar was part of the ''Barah country'' as it was intimately connected with the Indian Muslim kinship group called the [[Sadaat-e-Bara|Barah Sayyids]],<ref>{{Cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SW45AAAAIAAJ&q=muzaffarnagar+barha+country |title= Islamic Culture:Volume 7 |page=439 |author= Marmaduke William Pickthall, Muhammad Asad |date=1933 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=snpCAAAAIAAJ&dq=muzaffarnagar+barha+country&pg=PA266 |page=266 |author= David Ross  |title= The Land of the Five Rivers and Sindh |date= 1883 }}</ref> who controlled the upper Doab.<ref>{{Cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=25MbAQAAIAAJ&dq=sayyid+barha+rural&pg=PA68 |title= The Imperial Gazetteer of India: Volume 10 |page=68 |author=  William Wilson Hunter  |date=1885 |publisher=the University of California }}</ref> From Muzaffarnagar, the influential [[Sayyid Brothers|Sayyid brothers]] became de-facto rulers of the Mughal empire in the 1710s. The Indian Muslim inhabitants of [[Jansath|Barha]] especially from near the town of [[Jansath]] were heavily recruited in the Mughal army and in the personal cavalry of the [[Sayyid Brothers]].<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-VbRAAAAMAAJ&q=khafi+khan+the+syeds+barha+non-muslims |title= Discovery of Pakistan |author= Abdul Aziz  |date= 1964 |publisher= the University of Michigan |page= 136 }}</ref>
 
In 1901, during the [[British Raj]], it was a district in the [[Meerut]] Division in [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]].<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_089.gif Muzaffarnagar District] ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'', 1909, v. 18, p. 83.</ref> In 1947, when the country got independence [[Flag of India|Indian flag]] was hoisted for the first time in the Muzaffarnagar City.<ref name="imp93">{{cite web| title = Muzaffarnagar City|publisher=[[Imperial Gazetteer of India]], Digital South Asia Library, Volume 18|page= 93|year=1909| url = https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_099.gif|access-date=9 September 2013}}</ref>


In 1901, during the [[British Raj]], it was a district in the [[Meerut]] Division in [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]].<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_089.gif Muzaffarnagar District] ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'', 1909, v. 18, p. 83.</ref>
On October 18, 1976, during "[[The Emergency (India)#Forced sterilisation|The Emergency]], Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's suspension of democracy in India, between 25 and 30 people protesting against [[compulsory sterilization]] were [[Homicide|killed]] when [[Uttar Pradesh Police|Uttar Pradesh police]] fired into the [[crowd]].<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/emergency-excesses-still-families-in-muzaffarnagar/article7371660.ece "Emergency excesses still haunt Khalapar", by Mohammad Ali, ''The Hindu'' ([[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu), July 1, 2015</ref>


===2013 Muzaffarnagar riots===
===2013 Muzaffarnagar riots===
The [[2013 Muzaffarnagar riots]] between Hindus and Muslims resulted in 62 deaths.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Government-releases-data-of-riot-victims-identifying-religion/articleshow/22998550.cms|title=Government releases data of riot victims identifying religion|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=24 September 2013|access-date=11 July 2014}}</ref>
The [[2013 Muzaffarnagar riots]] between Hindus and Muslims resulted in 62 deaths.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Government-releases-data-of-riot-victims-identifying-religion/articleshow/22998550.cms|title=Government releases data of riot victims identifying religion|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=24 September 2013|access-date=11 July 2014}}</ref>


According to a May 2015 report in [[India Today]]:{{Quote|[[Shamli]] and adjoining Muzaffarnagar districts are considered sensitive ever since large-scale communal violence erupted in August and September 2013. More than 50 people had died and over 50,000 were rendered homeless ... The riot that ensued had engulfed many districts of western UP.<ref name="IT May 2015">{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/western-up-violence-shamli-clashes-tablighi-jamaat-clerics-kandhla-station-bsp-sp/1/433489.html|title=Western Uttar Pradesh tense after communal violence in Shamli|publisher=India Today|date=4 May 2015|access-date=25 September 2016}}</ref>}}
According to a May 2015 report in [[India Today]]:{{Blockquote|[[Shamli]] and adjoining Muzaffarnagar districts are considered sensitive ever since large-scale communal violence erupted in August and September 2013. More than 50 people had died and over 50,000 were rendered homeless ... The riot that ensued had engulfed many districts of western UP.<ref name="IT May 2015">{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/western-up-violence-shamli-clashes-tablighi-jamaat-clerics-kandhla-station-bsp-sp/1/433489.html|title=Western Uttar Pradesh tense after communal violence in Shamli|publisher=India Today|date=4 May 2015|access-date=25 September 2016}}</ref>}}
Some politicians have demanded that the city name be changed from Muzaffarnagar to Lakshminagar.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rashid|first=Omar|date=2018-11-10|title=U.P. cities renaming: Muzaffarnagar, Agra, Sultanpur likely in list|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/up-cities-renaming-muzaffarnagar-agra-sultanpur-likely-in-list/article25464920.ece|access-date=2020-11-03|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
Some politicians have demanded that the city name be changed from Muzaffarnagar to Lakshminagar.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rashid|first=Omar|date=2018-11-10|title=U.P. cities renaming: Muzaffarnagar, Agra, Sultanpur likely in list|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/up-cities-renaming-muzaffarnagar-agra-sultanpur-likely-in-list/article25464920.ece|access-date=2020-11-03|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
Muzaffarnagar is 272 meters above sea level<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Muzaffarnagar.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Muzaffarnagar, India|website=www.fallingrain.com|access-date=1 February 2018}}</ref> in the Doab region of [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]]. It is 125 kilometres NE of the national capital, Delhi, and 200 kilometres SE of [[Chandigarh]], and near to [[Bijnor]], [[Meerut]] and [[Hastinapur]].
{{See also|List of cities in Uttar Pradesh}}
Muzaffarnagar is 272 meters above sea level<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Muzaffarnagar.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Muzaffarnagar, India|website=www.fallingrain.com|access-date=1 February 2018}}</ref> in the Doab region of [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]]. It is 125 kilometres north east of the national capital, [[New Delhi]], and 200 kilometres south east of [[Chandigarh]], and near to [[Roorkee]], [[Saharanpur]], [[Meerut]] & [[Bijnor]].


==Climate==
==Climate==
Muzaffarnagar has a [[monsoon]] influenced [[humid subtropical]] climate characterised by much hot summers and cooler winters. Summers last from early April to late June and are extremely hot. The monsoon arrives in late June and continues till the middle of September. Temperatures drop slightly, with plenty of cloud cover but with higher humidity. Temperatures rise again in October and the city then has a mild, dry winter season from late October to the middle of March. June is the warmest month of the year.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}
{{Main|Climate of Uttar Pradesh}}
 
Muzaffarnagar has a [[monsoon]] influenced [[humid subtropical]] climate characterised by much hot summers and cooler winters. Summers last from early April to late June and are extremely hot. The monsoon arrives in late June and continues until the middle of September. Temperatures drop slightly, with plenty of cloud cover but with higher humidity. Temperatures rise again in October and the city then has a mild, dry winter season from late October to the middle of March. June is the warmest month of the year.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}
The temperature in June averages 30.2&nbsp;°C. In January, the average temperature is 12.5&nbsp;°C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year. The average annual temperature in Muzaffarnagar is 24.2&nbsp;°C. The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in Muzaffarnagar are {{convert|45|C|F}} on 29 may,1994 and {{convert|-0.9|C|F}} respectively. The rainfall here averages 929&nbsp;mm. The driest month is November, with 8&nbsp;mm of rain. Highest precipitation falls in July, with an average of 261.4&nbsp;mm.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}


{{Weather box|width=auto
The temperature in June averages 30.2&nbsp;°C. In January, the average temperature goes to as low as 7&nbsp;°C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year. The average annual temperature in Muzaffarnagar is 24.2&nbsp;°C. The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in Muzaffarnagar are {{convert|45|C|F}} on 29 May 1994 and {{convert|-2.6|C|F}} on 23 December 1990 respectively. The rainfall averages 929&nbsp;mm. The driest month is November, with 8&nbsp;mm of rain. Highest precipitation falls in July, with an average of 261.4&nbsp;mm.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}
<div class="center">
{{Weather box|width = auto
| collapsed          =  
| collapsed          =  
| metric first = Yes
| metric first       = Yes
| single line = Yes
| single line       = Yes
| location = Muzaffarnagar (1981–2010, extremes 1981–2010)
| location           = Muzaffarnagar (1981–2010, extremes 1981–2010)
| temperature colour =  
| temperature colour =  
| Jan record high C = 28.9
| Jan record high C = 28.9
| Feb record high C = 31.5
| Feb record high C = 31.5
| Mar record high C = 37.4
| Mar record high C = 37.4
| Apr record high C = 42.6
| Apr record high C = 42.6
| May record high C = 45.0
| May record high C = 45.0
| Jun record high C = 44.4
| Jun record high C = 44.4
| Jul record high C = 42.0
| Jul record high C = 42.0
| Aug record high C = 39.0
| Aug record high C = 39.0
| Sep record high C = 37.0
| Sep record high C = 37.0
| Oct record high C = 42.0
| Oct record high C = 42.0
| Nov record high C = 33.1
| Nov record high C = 33.1
| Dec record high C = 28.7
| Dec record high C = 28.7
|year record high C = 45.0
| year record high C = 45.0
| Jan high C = 19.2
| Jan high C         = 19.2
| Feb high C = 22.7
| Feb high C         = 22.7
| Mar high C = 27.9
| Mar high C         = 27.9
| Apr high C = 34.6
| Apr high C         = 34.6
| May high C = 37.4
| May high C         = 37.4
| Jun high C = 36.3
| Jun high C         = 36.3
| Jul high C = 33.2
| Jul high C         = 33.2
| Aug high C = 32.2
| Aug high C         = 32.2
| Sep high C = 32.2
| Sep high C         = 32.2
| Oct high C = 30.7
| Oct high C         = 30.7
| Nov high C = 26.3
| Nov high C         = 26.3
| Dec high C = 21.4
| Dec high C         = 21.4
|year high C = 29.5
| year high C       = 29.5
| Jan low C = 5.8
| Jan low C         = 5.8
| Feb low C = 8.4
| Feb low C         = 8.4
| Mar low C = 12.4
| Mar low C         = 12.4
| Apr low C = 17.6
| Apr low C         = 17.6
| May low C = 22.2
| May low C         = 22.2
| Jun low C = 24.1
| Jun low C         = 24.1
| Jul low C = 24.9
| Jul low C         = 24.9
| Aug low C = 24.5
| Aug low C         = 24.5
| Sep low C = 22.3
| Sep low C         = 22.3
| Oct low C = 15.8
| Oct low C         = 15.8
| Nov low C = 10.0
| Nov low C         = 10.0
| Dec low C = 6.3
| Dec low C         = 6.3
| year low C = 16.2
| year low C         = 16.2
| Jan record low C = -0.9
| Jan record low C   = -0.9
| Feb record low C = 1.5
| Feb record low C   = 1.5
| Mar record low C = 0.0
| Mar record low C   = 0.0
| Apr record low C = 6.2
| Apr record low C   = 6.2
| May record low C = 11.0
| May record low C   = 11.0
| Jun record low C = 15.4
| Jun record low C   = 15.4
| Jul record low C = 18.4
| Jul record low C   = 18.4
| Aug record low C = 17.4
| Aug record low C   = 17.4
| Sep record low C = 12.6
| Sep record low C   = 12.6
| Oct record low C = 7.0
| Oct record low C   = 7.0
| Nov record low C = 2.6
| Nov record low C   = 2.6
| Dec record low C = -2.6
| Dec record low C   = -2.6
|year record low C = -2.6
| year record low C = -2.6
| rain colour = green
| rain colour       = green
| Jan rain mm = 25.1
| Jan rain mm       = 25.1
| Feb rain mm = 32.7
| Feb rain mm       = 32.7
| Mar rain mm = 23.5
| Mar rain mm       = 23.5
| Apr rain mm = 10.5
| Apr rain mm       = 10.5
| May rain mm = 25.6
| May rain mm       = 25.6
| Jun rain mm = 94.4
| Jun rain mm       = 94.4
| Jul rain mm = 261.4
| Jul rain mm       = 261.4
| Aug rain mm = 254.6
| Aug rain mm       = 254.6
| Sep rain mm = 162.2
| Sep rain mm       = 162.2
| Oct rain mm = 19.0
| Oct rain mm       = 19.0
| Nov rain mm = 8.0
| Nov rain mm       = 8.0
| Dec rain mm = 11.9
| Dec rain mm       = 11.9
|year rain mm = 929.0
| year rain mm       = 929.0
| Jan rain days = 1.9
| Jan rain days     = 1.9
| Feb rain days = 2.5
| Feb rain days     = 2.5
| Mar rain days = 2.2
| Mar rain days     = 2.2
| Apr rain days = 1.2
| Apr rain days     = 1.2
| May rain days = 2.1
| May rain days     = 2.1
| Jun rain days = 4.4
| Jun rain days     = 4.4
| Jul rain days = 9.5
| Jul rain days     = 9.5
| Aug rain days = 9.9
| Aug rain days     = 9.9
| Sep rain days = 5.5
| Sep rain days     = 5.5
| Oct rain days = 1.1
| Oct rain days     = 1.1
| Nov rain days = 0.5
| Nov rain days     = 0.5
| Dec rain days = 1.1
| Dec rain days     = 1.1
| year rain days = 42.0
| year rain days     = 42.0
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| time day           = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 58
| Jan humidity       = 58
| Feb humidity = 51
| Feb humidity       = 51
| Mar humidity = 45
| Mar humidity       = 45
| Apr humidity = 31
| Apr humidity       = 31
| May humidity = 34
| May humidity       = 34
| Jun humidity = 48
| Jun humidity       = 48
| Jul humidity = 69
| Jul humidity       = 69
| Aug humidity = 72
| Aug humidity       = 72
| Sep humidity = 65
| Sep humidity       = 65
| Oct humidity = 54
| Oct humidity       = 54
| Nov humidity = 54
| Nov humidity       = 54
| Dec humidity = 58
| Dec humidity       = 58
|year humidity = 53
| year humidity     = 53
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
| source 1           = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
Line 202: Line 205:
| pages = 515–516
| pages = 515–516
| access-date = 27 April 2020}}</ref>
| access-date = 27 April 2020}}</ref>
}}
}}</div>


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
Line 208: Line 211:
{{Pie chart
{{Pie chart
| thumb  = right
| thumb  = right
| caption = Religion in Muzaffarnagar (2011)<ref name="census2011"/>
| caption = Religion in Muzaffarnagar City (2011)<ref name="census2011"/>
| label1  = Hinduism
| label1  = Hinduism
| value1  = 55.79
| value1  = 55.79
| color1  = orange
| color1  = darkorange
| label2  = Islam
| label2  = Islam
| value2  = 41.39
| value2  = 41.39
Line 217: Line 220:
| label3  = Jainism
| label3  = Jainism
| value3  = 1.76
| value3  = 1.76
| color3  = Yellow
| color3  = Brown
| label4  = Other
| label4  = Other
| value4  = 2
| value4  = 2
| color4  = DodgerBlue
| color4  = Black
}}{{As of|2011|alt=As of the}} [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Muzaffar Nagar municipality had a population of 392,451<ref name=2011Cities/> and the urban agglomeration had a population of 494,792.<ref name=2011UA/> The municipality had a [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 897 females per 1,000 males and 12.2% of the population were under six years old.<ref name=2011Cities/>  Effective literacy was 80.99%; male literacy was 85.82% and female literacy was 75.65%.<ref name=2011Cities/>
}}
 
{{As of|2011|alt=As of the}} [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Muzaffar Nagar municipality had a population of 392,451<ref name=2011Cities/> and the urban agglomeration had a population of 494,792.<ref name=2011UA/> The municipality had a [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 897 females per 1,000 males and 12.2% of the population were under six years old.<ref name=2011Cities/>  Effective literacy was 80.99%; male literacy was 85.82% and female literacy was 75.65%.<ref name=2011Cities/>


The city has 55.79% [[Hindus]], 41.39% [[Muslims]], 1.7% [[Jainism|Jains]], 0.67% [[Sikhs]], 0.67% [[Buddhist]]s and 0.17% [[Christians]] <ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=Population by religion community - 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archive-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>
The city has 55.79% [[Hindus]], 41.39% [[Muslims]], 1.7% [[Jainism|Jains]], 0.67% [[Sikhs]], 0.67% [[Buddhist]]s and 0.17% [[Christians]]<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=Population by religion community - 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archive-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>


Muzaffarnagar city is governed by Municipal Council which comes under the remit of the Muzaffarnagar Urban Agglomeration. The city's population is 392,451; the urban/metropolitan population is 494,792, of which 261,338 are males and 233,454 are females.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}
Muzaffarnagar city is governed by Municipal Council which comes under the remit of the Muzaffarnagar Urban Agglomeration. The city's population is 392,451; the urban/metropolitan population is 494,792, of which 261,338 are males and 233,454 are females.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}


==Language==
==Language==
[[Khari boli|Khari Boli]], a Hindi dialect, is the native tongue of the city which resembles the Haryanvi dialect of [[Hindi]]. Day to day, people speak both in English & Hindi.
The [[Khariboli]] dialect is the native tongue of the city which resembles the Haryanvi dialect of adjoining [[Haryana]]. The official languages of Hindi, Urdu and English are also widely understood.


==Economy==
==Economy==
{{more citations needed|section|date=December 2017}}
[[Sugar]] and [[jaggery]] production are important industries in the district. As a result of the farming activities around, the city is an important hub of [[jaggery]] trading business.<ref>{{cite news|title=Muzaffarnagar clashes sour its famed jaggery business|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-09-19/news/42217995_1_muzaffarnagar-jaggery-arun-khandelwal|date=19 September 2013|access-date=10 July 2014|agency=India Times|publisher=indiatimes.com}}</ref>
[[Sugar]] and [[jaggery]] production are important industries in the district. As a result of the farming activities around, the city is an important hub of [[jaggery]] trading business.<ref>{{cite news|title=Muzaffarnagar clashes sour its famed jaggery business|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-09-19/news/42217995_1_muzaffarnagar-jaggery-arun-khandelwal|date=19 September 2013|access-date=10 July 2014|agency=India Times|publisher=indiatimes.com}}</ref>


Muzaffarnagar is an industrial city with [[sugar]], [[steel]] and [[paper]] being the major industries. District Muzaffarnagar has 8 sugar mills. More than 40% of the region's population is engaged in agriculture. According to Economic Research firm ''Indicus Analytics'', Muzaffarnagar has the highest agricultural GDP in Uttar Pradesh, as well as UP's largest granary.
Muzaffarnagar is an industrial city with [[sugar]], [[steel]] and [[paper]] being the major industries. District Muzaffarnagar has 8 sugar mills. More than 40% of the region's population is engaged in agriculture. According to Economic Research firm ''Indicus Analytics'', Muzaffarnagar has the highest agricultural GDP in Uttar Pradesh, as well as UP's largest granary.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}


=== Healthcare ===
=== Healthcare ===
Line 243: Line 249:
[[File:St. John's Church.png|thumb|left|St. John's Church]]
[[File:St. John's Church.png|thumb|left|St. John's Church]]
[[File:Muzaffarnagar railway station.jpg|thumb|Railway Station]]
[[File:Muzaffarnagar railway station.jpg|thumb|Railway Station]]
Muzaffarnagar is well connected by road and railway networks. The [[Ghaziabad, India|Ghaziabad]] - [[Saharanpur]] line passes through the city thus forming the backbone of the long-distance and best possible travel from the city. [[Indian Railways]] provides connections to [[New Delhi]], [[Western Uttar Pradesh]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[South India]], and other parts of the country. [[Dehradun Shatabdi Express]] and [[Dehradun Jan Shatabdi Express]] trains pass through and halt at the [[Muzaffarnagar railway station|Muzaffarnagar station]]. The Meerut - Shaharanpur section of this railway route is now being developed as a part of the Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor. The corridor extends from [[Ludhiana]] in Punjab to Dankuni in West Bengal.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2018}}
Muzaffarnagar connected by road and railway networks. The [[Ghaziabad, India|Ghaziabad]] - [[Saharanpur]] line passes through the city. [[Indian Railways]] provides connections to [[New Delhi]], [[Western Uttar Pradesh]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[South India]], and other parts of the country. [[Dehradun Shatabdi Express]] and [[Dehradun Jan Shatabdi Express]] trains pass through and halt at the [[Muzaffarnagar railway station|Muzaffarnagar station]]. {{citation needed|date=June 2018}}
[[File:National Highway 58 (India).png|thumb|alt= NH-58 passing through Muzaffarnagar|NH-58 passing through M.Nagar]]
[[File:National Highway 58 (India).png|thumb|alt= NH-58 passing through Muzaffarnagar|NH-58 passing through M.Nagar]]
The National Highway - 58 (NH-58) passes through Muzaffarnagar city. This highway provides connections towards Delhi on the southern direction and upper reaches of the Himalayas in the [[Uttarakhand]] state in the northern direction. The highway is the backbone of road transportation for the Muzaffarnagar city as well as the [[Garhwal division|Garhwal region]] of Uttarakhand. Cities and areas of Hardwar, Rishikesh, Dehradun as well as [[Badrinath]] and [[Kedarnath]] are served by this highway.
The National Highway - 58 (NH-58) passes through Muzaffarnagar city. This highway provides connections towards Delhi on the southern direction and upper reaches of the Himalayas in the [[Uttarakhand]] state in the northern direction. The highway is the backbone of road transportation for the Muzaffarnagar city as well as the [[Garhwal division|Garhwal region]] of Uttarakhand. Cities and areas of Hardwar, Rishikesh, Dehradun as well as [[Badrinath]] and [[Kedarnath]] are served by this highway.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}


City transportation mostly consists of tricycles and 3-wheeled vehicles, rickshaws. An international airport, Muzaffarnagar International Airport, was proposed in the city in order to reduce the traffic at the [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]], however, the same was transferred to the Jewar Airport.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}}
===Environmental concerns===
Muzaffarnagar lies approximately halfway on the road from Delhi to Uttarakhand [[Rishikesh]] (the [[National highways in India|NH]]-58). As a result, many roadside resorts and eateries have sprung up on the highway near the city. Especially, the town of [[Khatauli]] is famed for its canal side forest park named "Cheetal". Once visited for the sight of [[deer]] and [[rabbits]] and other wild animals, the Cheetal is now encroached by privately owned [[dhaba]]s and resorts thus sidelining the animals.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}}


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
Line 252: Line 263:
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
*[[Kapil Dev Agarwal]], politician, MLA from Muzaffarnagar City and state minister in Uttar Pradesh Government.
*[[Gourav Baliyan]], wrestler
*[[Gourav Baliyan]], wrestler
*[[Rajpal Singh Baliyan]], political figure, MLA from Budhana Assembly Seat.
*[[Sanjeev Balyan]], politician, Member of parliament Muzaffarnagar Loksabha
*[[Sanjeev Balyan]], politician, Member of parliament Muzaffarnagar Loksabha
*[[Kartar Singh Bhadana]], political figure<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/khatauli.html|access-date=18 May 2018|title=Elections: Uttar Pradesh Assembly}}</ref>
*[[Kartar Singh Bhadana]], political figure<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/khatauli.html|access-date=18 May 2018|title=Elections: Uttar Pradesh Assembly}}</ref>
*[[Kamna Chandra]], Haryana film writer
*[[Kamna Chandra]], Haryana film writer
*[[Sumit Jain]], entrepreneur, co-founder & CEO Opentalk.to | co-founder and ex-CEO [[Commonfloor.com]]
*[[Sumit Jain]], entrepreneur, co-founder & CEO Opentalk.to | co-founder and ex-CEO of [[Commonfloor.com]]
*[[Divya Kakran]], wrestler
*[[Divya Kakran]], wrestler
*[[Swami Kalyandev]] (1876–2004), an [[asceticism|ascetic]] in the fields of education and social reform, awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] by the Indian government
*[[Swami Kalyandev]] (1876–2004), an [[asceticism|ascetic]] in the fields of education and social reform, awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] by the Indian government
*[[Amir Alam Khan]] , former M.P. and Uttar Pradesh minister, chairman of Bharat groups of colleges
*[[Liaquat Ali Khan]], first Prime Minister of Pakistan (once lived in Muzaffarnagar)  
*[[Liaquat Ali Khan]], first Prime Minister of Pakistan (once lived in Muzaffarnagar)  
*[[Nishu Kumar]], Indian professional football player, plays as full back at Bengaluru FC and India.
*[[Nawazish Alam Khan]], former MLA from Bhudana Vidhansabha
*[[Harendra Singh Malik]], Ex-MP Rajya Sabha, prominent Jat leader from Western Uttar Pradesh
*[[Nishu Kumar]], Indian professional football player, plays as full back at [[Kerala Blasters FC]] and [[India national football team|India]].
*[[Pankaj Kumar Malik]], political figure, Ex-MLA 15th 16th UP Legislative Assembly, Vice-President Uttar Pradesh Congress Committee
*[[Harendra Singh Malik]], former Rajya Sabha MP, prominent Jat leader from Western Uttar Pradesh.
*[[Ali Quli Mirza]], Bollywood actor and singer
*[[Pankaj Kumar Malik]], political figure, MLA from Charthawal Assembly Seat.
*[[Alam Muzaffarnagari]], Indian Urdu writer
*[[Vishnu Prabhakar]], novelist, writer, journalist<ref>{{cite news|url= https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnu_Prabhakar|title= Vishnu Prabhakar}}</ref>
*[[Sultan Rahi]], Pakistani actor  
*[[Sultan Rahi]], Pakistani actor  
*[[Nivin Ramani]], Indian actor
*[[Sumit Rathi]], Indian football player, plays for [[ATK (football club)|ATK]] and Indian U-17 Football Team
*[[Sumit Rathi]], Indian football player, plays for [[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
*[[Rajpal Singh Saini]], political figure
*[[Rajpal Singh Saini]], political figure
*[[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]], Bollywood actor
*[[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]], Bollywood actor
Line 273: Line 288:
*[[Shaukat Thanvi]], Pakistani author who wrote Qazi G
*[[Shaukat Thanvi]], Pakistani author who wrote Qazi G
*[[Rakesh Tikait]], Farmer leader
*[[Rakesh Tikait]], Farmer leader
*[[A. M. Turaz]], Indian poet, lyricist, and script writer
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
Line 280: Line 296:


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://muzaffarnagar.nic.in/ Muzaffarnagar Official website]
*[http://muzaffarnagar.nic.in/ Muzaffarnagar Official website]
{{Muzaffarnagar district}}
{{Saharanpur division topics}}
{{Muzaffarnagar district}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Muzaffarnagar}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Muzaffarnagar}}
Line 286: Line 310:
[[Category:Cities and towns in Muzaffarnagar district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Muzaffarnagar district]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Articles imported from Wikipedia.org]]

Revision as of 07:00, 22 July 2023

This article is about the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India. For its namesake district, see Muzaffarnagar district.
Muzaffarnagar
City
Nickname: 
Sugar Bowl of Uttar Pradesh
Muzaffarnagar is located in Uttar Pradesh
Muzaffarnagar
Muzaffarnagar
Coordinates: 29°28′55″N 77°42′00″E / 29.482°N 77.700°E / 29.482; 77.700
Country India
StateUttar Pradesh
DistrictMuzaffarnagar
First Settled1399
Founded1633
Incorporated as City1826
Founded bySaiyed Muzaffar Ali khan
Named forSaiyed Muzaffar Ali khan
Government
 • BodyMunicipal Board of Muzaffarnagar
 • District MagistrateArvind Mallappa Bangari IAS[1]
 • Member of Parliament, Lok SabhaSanjeev Kumar Balyan (BJP)
 • Member of Legislative Assembly Kapil Dev Agarwal (BJP)
Area
 • Total204.8 km2 (79.1 sq mi)
Elevation
267 m (876 ft)
Population
 (2011)[2]
 • Total495,543
 • Rank15 (In U.P.)
 • Density2,400/km2 (6,300/sq mi)
 • City
392,768
DemonymMuzaffarnagri
Languages
 • OfficialHindi,English and Urdu
 • Literacy rate87.15
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
251001
PIN
251002
Telephone code0131
Vehicle registrationUP-12
First newspaperDainik Dehat (est. 1936)
Websitemuzaffarnagar.nic.in

Muzaffarnagar is a city under Muzaffarnagar district in the Indian State of Uttar Pradesh. It is situated midway on the Delhi - Haridwar/Dehradun National Highway (NH 58) and is also well connected with the national railway network. It is known as the sugarbowl of Uttar Pradesh.

The city previously called Sarwat and is located in the middle of the highly fertile upper Ganga-Yamuna Doab region and is very near to New Delhi and Saharanpur, making it one of the most developed and prosperous cities of Uttar Pradesh. It comes under the Saharanpur division. This city is part of Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) and Amritsar Delhi Kolkata Industrial Corridor (ADKIC). It shares its border with the state of Uttarakhand and it is the principal commercial, industrial and educational hub of Western Uttar Pradesh.

History

Khan-i Jahan Muzaffar Barha (right) and Sayyid Mian Barha I (left)

The town was established in 1633 by the son of a Mughal Commander Sayyid Muzaffar Khan Barha, otherwise known as Khan-i-Jahan,[4] during the reign of Shah Jahan. At the time Muzaffarnagar was part of the Barah country as it was intimately connected with the Indian Muslim kinship group called the Barah Sayyids,[5][6] who controlled the upper Doab.[7] From Muzaffarnagar, the influential Sayyid brothers became de-facto rulers of the Mughal empire in the 1710s. The Indian Muslim inhabitants of Barha especially from near the town of Jansath were heavily recruited in the Mughal army and in the personal cavalry of the Sayyid Brothers.[8]

In 1901, during the British Raj, it was a district in the Meerut Division in United Provinces of Agra and Oudh.[9] In 1947, when the country got independence Indian flag was hoisted for the first time in the Muzaffarnagar City.[10]

On October 18, 1976, during "The Emergency, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's suspension of democracy in India, between 25 and 30 people protesting against compulsory sterilization were killed when Uttar Pradesh police fired into the crowd.[11]

2013 Muzaffarnagar riots

The 2013 Muzaffarnagar riots between Hindus and Muslims resulted in 62 deaths.[12]

According to a May 2015 report in India Today:

Shamli and adjoining Muzaffarnagar districts are considered sensitive ever since large-scale communal violence erupted in August and September 2013. More than 50 people had died and over 50,000 were rendered homeless ... The riot that ensued had engulfed many districts of western UP.[13]

Some politicians have demanded that the city name be changed from Muzaffarnagar to Lakshminagar.[14]

Geography

See also: List of cities in Uttar Pradesh

Muzaffarnagar is 272 meters above sea level[15] in the Doab region of Indo-Gangetic Plain. It is 125 kilometres north east of the national capital, New Delhi, and 200 kilometres south east of Chandigarh, and near to Roorkee, Saharanpur, Meerut & Bijnor.

Climate

Main article: Climate of Uttar Pradesh

Muzaffarnagar has a monsoon influenced humid subtropical climate characterised by much hot summers and cooler winters. Summers last from early April to late June and are extremely hot. The monsoon arrives in late June and continues until the middle of September. Temperatures drop slightly, with plenty of cloud cover but with higher humidity. Temperatures rise again in October and the city then has a mild, dry winter season from late October to the middle of March. June is the warmest month of the year.[citation needed]

The temperature in June averages 30.2 °C. In January, the average temperature goes to as low as 7 °C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year. The average annual temperature in Muzaffarnagar is 24.2 °C. The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in Muzaffarnagar are 45 °C (113 °F) on 29 May 1994 and −2.6 °C (27.3 °F) on 23 December 1990 respectively. The rainfall averages 929 mm. The driest month is November, with 8 mm of rain. Highest precipitation falls in July, with an average of 261.4 mm.[citation needed]

Climate data for Muzaffarnagar (1981–2010, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 28.9
(84.0) 		31.5
(88.7) 		37.4
(99.3) 		42.6
(108.7) 		45.0
(113.0) 		44.4
(111.9) 		42.0
(107.6) 		39.0
(102.2) 		37.0
(98.6) 		42.0
(107.6) 		33.1
(91.6) 		28.7
(83.7) 		45.0
(113.0)
Average high °C (°F) 19.2
(66.6) 		22.7
(72.9) 		27.9
(82.2) 		34.6
(94.3) 		37.4
(99.3) 		36.3
(97.3) 		33.2
(91.8) 		32.2
(90.0) 		32.2
(90.0) 		30.7
(87.3) 		26.3
(79.3) 		21.4
(70.5) 		29.5
(85.1)
Average low °C (°F) 5.8
(42.4) 		8.4
(47.1) 		12.4
(54.3) 		17.6
(63.7) 		22.2
(72.0) 		24.1
(75.4) 		24.9
(76.8) 		24.5
(76.1) 		22.3
(72.1) 		15.8
(60.4) 		10.0
(50.0) 		6.3
(43.3) 		16.2
(61.2)
Record low °C (°F) −0.9
(30.4) 		1.5
(34.7) 		0.0
(32.0) 		6.2
(43.2) 		11.0
(51.8) 		15.4
(59.7) 		18.4
(65.1) 		17.4
(63.3) 		12.6
(54.7) 		7.0
(44.6) 		2.6
(36.7) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		−2.6
(27.3)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 25.1
(0.99) 		32.7
(1.29) 		23.5
(0.93) 		10.5
(0.41) 		25.6
(1.01) 		94.4
(3.72) 		261.4
(10.29) 		254.6
(10.02) 		162.2
(6.39) 		19.0
(0.75) 		8.0
(0.31) 		11.9
(0.47) 		929.0
(36.57)
Average rainy days 1.9 2.5 2.2 1.2 2.1 4.4 9.5 9.9 5.5 1.1 0.5 1.1 42.0
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 58 51 45 31 34 48 69 72 65 54 54 58 53
Source: India Meteorological Department[16]

Demographics

Religion in Muzaffarnagar City (2011)[17]

  Hinduism (55.79%)
  Islam (41.39%)
  Jainism (1.76%)
  Other (2%)

As of the 2011 census, Muzaffar Nagar municipality had a population of 392,451[2] and the urban agglomeration had a population of 494,792.[3] The municipality had a sex ratio of 897 females per 1,000 males and 12.2% of the population were under six years old.[2] Effective literacy was 80.99%; male literacy was 85.82% and female literacy was 75.65%.[2]

The city has 55.79% Hindus, 41.39% Muslims, 1.7% Jains, 0.67% Sikhs, 0.67% Buddhists and 0.17% Christians[17]

Muzaffarnagar city is governed by Municipal Council which comes under the remit of the Muzaffarnagar Urban Agglomeration. The city's population is 392,451; the urban/metropolitan population is 494,792, of which 261,338 are males and 233,454 are females.[citation needed]

Language

The Khariboli dialect is the native tongue of the city which resembles the Haryanvi dialect of adjoining Haryana. The official languages of Hindi, Urdu and English are also widely understood.

Economy

Sugar and jaggery production are important industries in the district. As a result of the farming activities around, the city is an important hub of jaggery trading business.[18]

Muzaffarnagar is an industrial city with sugar, steel and paper being the major industries. District Muzaffarnagar has 8 sugar mills. More than 40% of the region's population is engaged in agriculture. According to Economic Research firm Indicus Analytics, Muzaffarnagar has the highest agricultural GDP in Uttar Pradesh, as well as UP's largest granary.[citation needed]

Healthcare

Muzaffaranagar has both public and private healthcare system. The District hospital is the major government hospital in the city along with several general practitioners in the city. The city is also catered by a private medical college (Muzaffarnagar Medical College) on the outskirts of the city.

Transportation

Bada Darwaza in vill. Kakrauli Front Gate
Shiv Chowk
St. John's Church
Railway Station

Muzaffarnagar connected by road and railway networks. The Ghaziabad - Saharanpur line passes through the city. Indian Railways provides connections to New Delhi, Western Uttar Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, South India, and other parts of the country. Dehradun Shatabdi Express and Dehradun Jan Shatabdi Express trains pass through and halt at the Muzaffarnagar station. [citation needed]

NH-58 passing through Muzaffarnagar
NH-58 passing through M.Nagar

The National Highway - 58 (NH-58) passes through Muzaffarnagar city. This highway provides connections towards Delhi on the southern direction and upper reaches of the Himalayas in the Uttarakhand state in the northern direction. The highway is the backbone of road transportation for the Muzaffarnagar city as well as the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. Cities and areas of Hardwar, Rishikesh, Dehradun as well as Badrinath and Kedarnath are served by this highway.[citation needed]

City transportation mostly consists of tricycles and 3-wheeled vehicles, rickshaws. An international airport, Muzaffarnagar International Airport, was proposed in the city in order to reduce the traffic at the Indira Gandhi International Airport, however, the same was transferred to the Jewar Airport.[citation needed]

Environmental concerns

Muzaffarnagar lies approximately halfway on the road from Delhi to Uttarakhand Rishikesh (the NH-58). As a result, many roadside resorts and eateries have sprung up on the highway near the city. Especially, the town of Khatauli is famed for its canal side forest park named "Cheetal". Once visited for the sight of deer and rabbits and other wild animals, the Cheetal is now encroached by privately owned dhabas and resorts thus sidelining the animals.[citation needed]

Notable people

References

  1. ↑ "Who's Who". muzaffarnagar.nic.in. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  4. ↑ Alan Cadell (1873). Settlement Report of the District of Muzaffarnagar: Including a Report on the Permanent Settlement of the Western Parganas of the District, and Also a Report on the Settlement of the Ganges Canal Tract. North-Western Provinces and Oudh Government Press. p. 31.
  5. ↑ Marmaduke William Pickthall, Muhammad Asad (1933). Islamic Culture:Volume 7. p. 439.
  6. ↑ David Ross (1883). The Land of the Five Rivers and Sindh. p. 266.
  7. ↑ William Wilson Hunter (1885). The Imperial Gazetteer of India: Volume 10. the University of California. p. 68.
  8. ↑ Abdul Aziz (1964). Discovery of Pakistan. the University of Michigan. p. 136.
  9. ↑ Muzaffarnagar District The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909, v. 18, p. 83.
  10. ↑ "Muzaffarnagar City". Imperial Gazetteer of India, Digital South Asia Library, Volume 18. 1909. p. 93. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
  11. ↑ [https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/emergency-excesses-still-families-in-muzaffarnagar/article7371660.ece "Emergency excesses still haunt Khalapar", by Mohammad Ali, The Hindu (Chennai, Tamil Nadu), July 1, 2015
  12. ↑ "Government releases data of riot victims identifying religion". The Times of India. 24 September 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  13. ↑ "Western Uttar Pradesh tense after communal violence in Shamli". India Today. 4 May 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
  14. ↑ Rashid, Omar (10 November 2018). "U.P. cities renaming: Muzaffarnagar, Agra, Sultanpur likely in list". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  15. ↑ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Muzaffarnagar, India". www.fallingrain.com. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  16. ↑ "Station: Muzaffarnagar Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 515–516. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Population by religion community - 2011". Census of India, 2011. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015.
  18. ↑ "Muzaffarnagar clashes sour its famed jaggery business". indiatimes.com. India Times. 19 September 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
  19. ↑ "Elections: Uttar Pradesh Assembly". Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  20. ↑ "Vishnu Prabhakar".

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muzaffarnagar&oldid=396840"
Discover more