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{{short description|Military leader in Shivaji's Army}}
{{short description|Army leader in Shivaji's Army}}
 
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Subedar]]
| honorific_prefix = <!--[[Subedar]]{{Citation needed|reason=Subedar is a rank, not an honorific|date=March 2022}}-->
| name          = Tanaji Malusare
| name          = Tanaji Kaloji Malusare <ref name=P>{{cite web | url=https://www.esakal.com/amp/pune/subedar-tanaji-malusare-family-information-marathi-251247 | title=Video:नरवीर तानाजी मालुसरे यांचे वंशज सध्या कोठे आहेत? }}</ref>
| honorific_suffix = Chief of [[Mavala]]s
| honorific_suffix = <!--Chief of [[Mavala]]s-->
| native_name  = तानाजी मालुसरे
| native_name  = <!--तानाजी मालुसरे-->
| native_name_lang = mr
| native_name_lang = mr
| image        = File:Tanaji Malusare.jpg
| image        = Tanaji Malusare.jpg
| caption      = Bronze bust of Tanaji Malusare, [[Sinhagad]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| caption      = Bronze bust of Malusare at [[Sinhagad]]
| death_date    = 4 February 1670
| death_date    = 4 February 1670
| birth_place  = Godavli, [[Javali]] Taluka, [[Satara district|Satara]], Maharashtra
| birth_place  = Godavli, Javali Taluka, [[Satara district|Satara]], Maharashtra{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=March 2022}}
| death_place  = [[Sinhagad]], [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| death_place  = [[Sinhagad, Maharashtra]], India
| nickname      = Mard Mavala Tana
| birth_name    =  
| birth_name    = Tanaji Malusare
| allegiance    = [[Maratha Empire]]
| allegiance    = [[Maratha Empire]]
| branch        = [[Maratha Army]]
| branch        = [[Maratha Army]]
| rank          = [[Subedar]]
| serviceyears  = {{circa|1640–1670}}
| unit         = [[Mavala]]
| rank          = <!--[[Subedar]]
| battles      = [[Battle of Sinhagad]], [[Battle of Torna]], [[Battle of Sangamner]], [[Battle of Umberkhind]]
| unit             = [[Mavala]]{{Citation needed|reason=Mavala is a regional identity, not a military unit|date=March 2022}}-->
| spouse        = Savitri
| known_for    = * Battle of Kondhana
| children      = Rayaba
| battles      = * Battle of Pratapgad (1665) <ref name=P/>
* [[Battle of Sinhagad]]<!--,
*[[Battle of Torna]]{{Citation needed|reason=Primary source lacking|date=March 2022}},
*[[Battle of Sangamner]]{{Citation needed|reason=Primary source lacking|date=March 2022}},
*[[Battle of Umberkhind]]{{Citation needed|reason=Primary source lacking|date=March 2022}}-->
| spouse        = Savitri{{Citation needed|reason=Primary source lacking|date=March 2022}}
| children      = 1
}}
}}


'''Tanaji Malusare''' was a military [[General]] of the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] [[Chhatrapati]] [[Shivaji]] [[Maharaja|Maharaj]]. A local poet [[Tulsidas]],{{efn|Not to be confused with [[Tulsidas|Goswami Tulsidas]]}} wrote a [[powada]] describing Tanaji's heroics and sacrifice of life in the [[Battle of Sinhagad]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32141/page/n203/mode/2up/search/tanaji|title=New History of the Marathas (Vol I)|last=Sardesai|first=Sakharam Govind|date=1946|website=Internet Archive|access-date=February 25, 2020}}</ref> which has since made him a popular figure in Marathi folklore.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kantak|first=M. R.|date=1978|journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute|volume=38|issue=1/4|pages=51|issn=0045-9801|jstor=42931051|title=The Political Role of Different Hindu Castes and Communities in Maharashtra in the Foundation of Shivaji's Swarajya}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections, An Anthology, Volume One|page=375|editor=K. Ayyappa Paniker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA375|isbn=9788126003655|year=1997}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rao|first=Vasanta Dinanath|date=1939|title=SIDE-LIGHT ON THE MARATHA LIFE FROM THE BARDIC (शाहिरी) LITERATURE OF THE 18th CENTURY|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=3|pages=1194–1212|issn=2249-1937|jstor=44252466}}</ref>{{efn|The text has not been dated conclusively. It is popularly accepted to be written not long after the Battle; however, some scholars have claimed the text to have been written in the eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Raeside|first=Ian|date=July 1978|title=A Note on the 'Twelve Mavals' of Poona District|journal=Modern Asian Studies|language=en|volume=12|issue=3|pages=394|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00006211|issn=1469-8099}}</ref>}} He came from a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] [[Koli people|Koli]] family.<ref name="Hardiman">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ&q=Tanaji|title=Histories for the Subordinated|author=David Hardiman|date=2007|publisher=Seagull Books|isbn=9781905422388|page=103|language=en|quote=When Shivaji began his revolt in the following decade, the Kolis were amongst the first to join him under the leadership of the Sirnayak Khemi and they played a leading role in helping Shivaji to consolidate his power. The Koli Tanaji Malusare...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardiman|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ|title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India|date=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-563956-8|pages=221|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Shibani|title=Koli culture: a profile of the culture of Talpad vistar|date=1983|publisher=Cosmo|pages=25|language=en|oclc=11970517}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Chandra|first=Satish|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1BRuAAAAMAAJ|title=Essays on Medieval Indian History|date=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-566336-5|language=en}}</ref>
'''Tanaji Malusare'''<ref>{{Cite web |last1=March 27 |first1=India Today Web Desk |last2=March 27 |first2=2019UPDATED |last3=Ist |first3=2019 12:34 |title=Ajay Devgn's Taanaji: The Unsung Warrior will now be called Tanhaji due to numerological reasons |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-will-now-be-called-tanhaji-due-to-numerological-reasons-1487495-2019-03-27 |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> was a warrior and commander of [[Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]]. A local poet Tulsidas,{{efn|not to be confused with [[Tulsidas|Goswami Tulsidas]]}} wrote a [[powada]] describing Tanaji's heroics and sacrifice of life in the [[Battle of Sinhagad]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32141/page/n203/mode/2up/search/tanaji|title=New History of the Marathas (Vol I)|last=Sardesai|first=Sakharam Govind|date=1946|website=Internet Archive|access-date=25 February 2020}}</ref> which has since made him a popular figure in Indian folklore.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kantak|first=M. R.|date=1978|journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute|volume=38|issue=1/4|pages=51|issn=0045-9801|jstor=42931051|title=The Political Role of Different Hindu Castes and Communities in Maharashtra in the Foundation of Shivaji's Swarajya}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections, An Anthology, Volume One|page=375|editor=K. Ayyappa Paniker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA375|isbn=9788126003655|year=1997}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rao|first=Vasanta Dinanath|date=1939|title=SIDE-LIGHT ON THE MARATHA LIFE FROM THE BARDIC (शाहिरी) LITERATURE OF THE 18th CENTURY|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=3|pages=1194–1212|issn=2249-1937|jstor=44252466}}</ref>{{efn|The text has not been dated conclusively. It is popularly accepted to be written not long after the Battle; however, some scholars have claimed the text to have been written in the eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Raeside|first=Ian|date=July 1978|title=A Note on the 'Twelve Mavals' of Poona District|journal=Modern Asian Studies|language=en|volume=12|issue=3|pages=394|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00006211|s2cid=145438073 |issn=1469-8099}}</ref>}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |title=Shivaji And His Times |year=1920 |language=English}}</ref>
 
== Biography ==
Tanaji came from a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] [[Koli people|Koli]] family.<ref name="Hardiman">{{cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ&q=Tanaji |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=Seagull Books |isbn=9781905422388 |page=103 |language=en |quote=When Shivaji began his revolt in the following decade, the Kolis were amongst the first to join him under the leadership of the Sirnayak Khemi and they played a leading role in helping Shivaji to consolidate his power. The Koli Tanaji Malusare, is remembered in Maharashtra to this day for his courage in capturing the almost impregnable fort of Singhad for Shivaji.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardiman|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ|title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India|date=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-563956-8|pages=221|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Shibani|title=Koli culture: a profile of the culture of Talpad vistar|date=1983|publisher=Cosmo|pages=25|language=en|oclc=11970517}}</ref> Tanaji's father's name was Kaloji Malusare. His family was from Godoli village, which is situated near [[Panchgani|Pachgani]]. He spent his childhood there.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}} When Shivaji appointed him to curb robbers of [[Poladpur]], [[Mahabaleshwar]], he then migrated to Umrath village. Tanaji had a son, Rayba Malusare and a brother Suryaji Malusare. His uncle Shelar ''Mama'' ({{Translation|Maternal uncle}}) was also in the service of Shivaji. He postponed his son Rayba's wedding to win the Kondana fort from Mughals. Legends say that he took the  responsibility to win that fort and said, "''Aadhi Lagan Kondhanyache aani mag majhya Raybache''"({{Translation|Firstly marriage of Kondhana and then my Rayb}}a) ({{Literal translation|First I'll win Kondhana and then I'll conduct marriage of my son Rayba}}').<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Video:नरवीर तानाजी मालुसरे यांचे वंशज सध्या कोठे आहेत? |url=https://www.esakal.com/pune/subedar-tanaji-malusare-family-information-marathi-251247 |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=eSakal - Marathi Newspaper |language=mr-IN}}</ref>
 
== Military career ==
Malusare was with Shivaji Bhosale around the time when he took his pledge at Rayareshwar's temple to establish a sovereign kingdom. He was part of Maratha troops in the [[Battle of Pratapgarh|battle of Paratpgad]], where Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj killed [[Afzal Khan (general)|Afzal Khan]].<ref name=":1" />


==Battle of Sinhagad==
==Battle of Sinhagad==
{{main|Battle of Sinhagad}}
{{main|Battle of Sinhagad}}
Shivaji attacked [[Shaista Khan|Shahista Khan]] in Pune. He plundered and looted wealthy port city, [[Surat]] of Mughal empire. In 1665 Aurangzeb send [[Jai Singh I|Jai Singh]] and [[Diler Khan]] to defeat Shivaji and [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Adilshahi]] in Deccan. Jai Singh sieged [[Purandar Fort|Purandar fort]], attacked by cannons. [[Murarbaji]] was the ''Kiledar'' ({{Translation|Incharge of fort}}) of Purandar. Jai Singh had large army, they plundered number of villages of the Maratha Kingdom. Murar  Baji Prabhu with his Mavales killed five hundred Pathan besides many Bahlia infantrymen, he tried to break siege but could not do that, he lost his life while defending fort. To avoid further loss of human life, Shivaji did talks for treaty with Jai Singh. Shivaji and Jai Singh did the [[Treaty of Purandar (1665)|treaty of Purandar]], by this treaty Shivaji agreed to give his 23 forts including Kondhana to Mughals and joined them for attack on Adilshahi dynasty.  As per one of the condition in the treaty, Shivaji gone to Agra. There Aurangzeb house arrested him but Shivaji managed to escape. He returned home and when Jai Singh died at [[Burhanpur]] and Aurangzeb got busy in North. He began recapture his forts from Mughals.<ref name=":0" />
Kondhana, outside [[Pune]], was one of the first forts that [[Shivaji]] wanted to re-capture from the [[Mughal Empire]], after the truce between the two parties broke down in 1670. Tanaji was asked to lead the task. Legend says that Tanaji agreed to lead even though that meant postponing his son's wedding.<ref>{{cite book|title=Perspectives in Indian History: From the Origins to AD 1857|author=M. Jankiraman Ph.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36AGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT346|isbn=9781649839954|year=2020}}</ref>
Kondhana, outside [[Pune]], was one of the first forts that [[Shivaji]] wanted to re-capture from the [[Mughal Empire]], after the truce between the two parties broke down in 1670. Tanaji was asked to lead the task. Legend says that Tanaji agreed to lead even though that meant postponing his son's wedding.<ref>{{cite book|title=Perspectives in Indian History: From the Origins to AD 1857|author=M. Jankiraman Ph.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36AGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT346|isbn=9781649839954|year=2020}}</ref>


The capture of the fort was made possible by scaling the walls at night with ladders made of rope. The campaign to recapture the fort ended with victory for the Marathas, but at the cost of Tanaji losing his life in the battle.<ref name='malu'>{{cite book|title=Perspectives in Indian History: From the Origins to AD 1857|author=M. Jankiraman Ph.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36AGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT347|isbn=9781649839954|year=2020}}</ref>
Tanaji Malusare with his picked 300 Mavle infantry scaled less abrupt side near Kalyan gate by rope ladders and slain the sentinels. The garrison fought desperately but ''Mavales'' (Soldiers from Maval region) carried havoc in their ranks. Amid the fighting Tanaji's shield broke, he tied cloth of his turban to his hand and defensed the strikes by it. The two chiefs challenged each other and both fell down. Tanaji was accompanied by his brother Suryaji Malusare, and maternal uncle Shelar ''Mama'' in the campaign. Marathas butchered enemies, slain more than one thousand Rajputs and many more perished in attempt run from the garrison and scaled down the Mountain.<ref name=":0" /> The campaign to recapture the fort ended with victory for the Marathas, but at the cost of Tanaji losing his life in the battle.<ref name="malu">{{cite book|title=Perspectives in Indian History: From the Origins to AD 1857|author=M. Jankiraman Ph.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36AGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT347|isbn=9781649839954|year=2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=तानाजी: गोष्ट कोंढाण्याची, जेव्हा 'गड आला पण सिंह गेला' होता... |language=mr |work=BBC News मराठी |url=https://www.bbc.com/marathi/india-50476864 |access-date=2022-05-25}}</ref>


The fort was renamed [[Sinhagad]] (Lion's fort) by Shivaji in honor of Tanaji, the lion.<ref name='malu' />
The fort was renamed [[Sinhagad]] (English: Lion fort) by Shivaji in honor of Tanaji.<ref name='malu' />
 
== Legacy ==
 
* [[Balbharati|Balbharati's]] fourth class's history textbook has a chapter about Tanaji Malusare and Battle of Kondhana.<ref>{{Cite book |title=इतिहास - इयत्ता ४ थी |publisher=Balbharati, Maharashtra |language=Marathi |trans-title=History, class - 4th |chapter=गड आला पण सिंह गेला}}</ref>
 
==In popular culture==
[[File:Tanaji's famous vow during Kondana campaign “Aadhi lagin kondhanyache mag mazya Raybache”.jpg|thumb|right| An early 20th century depiction by [[M.V. Dhurandhar]] of Tanaji's  vow to [[Shivaji]] and [[Jijabai]] in the presence of his son and uncle before the campaign for Kondana fort.<!-- Need to cite a reputable source if you wish to add ''“Aadhi lagin kondhanyache mag mazya Raybache”'' to this image.-->]]


==In popular culture==
* Hindutva Ideologue [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]] had written a ballad on him, which was banned by the colonial British government.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzisCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT7755|title=Censorship: A World Encyclopedia|publisher=Routledge|year=2001|editor=Derek Jones|isbn=9781136798634}}</ref>
* Hindutva Ideologue [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]] had written a ballad on him, which was banned by the colonial British government.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzisCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT7755|title=Censorship: A World Encyclopedia|publisher=Routledge|year=2001|editor=Derek Jones|isbn=9781136798634}}</ref>
* ''Gad aala pan sinh gela'' (गड आला पण सिंह गेला) a Marathi novel by [[Hari Narayan Apte]] was written in 1903, based on his life.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Indian Literature, Volume 1|author=Sisir Kumar Das|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sHklK65TKQ0C&pg=PA532|page=532|isbn=9788172010065}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uV8RAQAAIAAJ|title=Gaḍa ālā, paṇa sīha gelā|last=Apte|first=Hari Narayan|publisher=Ramyakathā Prakāśana|year=1903|location=Pune|language=mr}}</ref>  
* ''Gad aala pan sinh gela'' ([[Marathi language|Marathi]]: गड आला पण सिंह गेला) ({{Translation|We won the fort but we lost the lion}}) a Marathi novel by [[Hari Narayan Apte]] was written in 1903, based on his life.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Indian Literature, Volume 1|author=Sisir Kumar Das|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sHklK65TKQ0C&pg=PA532|page=532|isbn=9788172010065}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uV8RAQAAIAAJ|title=Gaḍa ālā, paṇa sīha gelā|last=Apte|first=Hari Narayan|publisher=Ramyakathā Prakāśana|year=1903|location=Pune|language=mr}}</ref>  
* ''[[Sinhagad (film)|Sinhagad]]'', a 1933 Marathi film was produced by [[Baburao Painter]], based on the 1903 novel.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1994-IA239|access-date=10 February 2015|year=2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-135-94325-7|page=239}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofw00geof|url-access=registration|title=The Oxford History of World Cinema|last=Nowell-Smith|first=Geoffrey|date=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-874242-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofw00geof/page/403 403]|language=en|access-date=2020-01-14}}</ref>  
* ''[[Sinhagad (film)|Sinhagad]]'', a 1933 Marathi film was produced by [[Baburao Painter]], based on the 1903 novel.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1994-IA239|access-date=10 February 2015|year=2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-135-94325-7|page=239}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofw00geof|url-access=registration|title=The Oxford History of World Cinema|last=Nowell-Smith|first=Geoffrey|date=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-874242-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofw00geof/page/403 403]|language=en|access-date=2020-01-14}}</ref>  
* Bengali writer [[Saradindu Bandyopadhyay]] wrote the [[Sharadindu_Bandyopadhyay#Sadashib|Sadashib]] series where the younger version of [[Tanaji]] was mentioned as a close associate of [[Shivaji]].
* Bengali writer [[Saradindu Bandyopadhyay]] wrote the [[Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay#Sadashib|Sadashib]] series where the younger version of [[Tanaji]] was mentioned as a close associate of [[Shivaji]].
* In 1971 [[Amar Chitra Katha]] released a comic book called Tanaji, written by Meena Talim and illustrated by Vasant B. Halbe.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Talim |first1=Meena |last2=Halbe |first2=Vasant B. |last3=Pai |first3=Anant |title=Tanaji: The Maratha Lion |date=1973 |publisher=Amar Chitra Katha |isbn=978-81-8482-159-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5aIg841Aeu8C |access-date=15 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* In 1971 [[Amar Chitra Katha]] released a comic book called Tanaji, written by Meena Talim and illustrated by Vasant B. Halbe.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Talim |first1=Meena |last2=Halbe |first2=Vasant B. |last3=Pai |first3=Anant |title=Tanaji: The Maratha Lion |date=1973 |publisher=Amar Chitra Katha |isbn=978-81-8482-159-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5aIg841Aeu8C |access-date=15 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>  
* Tanaji's character is portrayed by an actor in [[Raja Shivchatrapati]] serial of [[Star Pravah]].
* In the 2018 [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language epic ''[[Farzand]]'', Tanaji Malusare is portrayed by Ganesh Yadav.
* In the 2018 [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language epic ''[[Farzand]]'', Tanaji Malusare is portrayed by Ganesh Yadav.
* In the 2019 [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language epic ''[[Fatteshikast]]'', Tanaji Malusare is portrayed by Ajay Purkar.
* In the 2019 [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language epic ''[[Fatteshikast]]'', Tanaji Malusare is portrayed by Ajay Purkar.
* Bollywood actor-producer [[Ajay Devgn]] produced and headlined a film based on his life titled ''[[Tanhaji]]'', which was released on 10 January 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://moviealles.com/movies/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-movie-wiki-news-cast-crew-release-date/|title=Taanaji The Unsung Warrior movie on Movie Alles|date=2018-06-22|work=Movie Alles|access-date=2018-09-05|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214721/https://moviealles.com/movies/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-movie-wiki-news-cast-crew-release-date/|archive-date=2018-09-05|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Bollywood actor [[Ajay Devgn]] produced and played the role of Tanaji Malusare in [[Tanhaji]] film. It was based on the Battle of Kondhana, Tanaji film theatrically released on 10 January 2020. It was a box-office hit.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://moviealles.com/movies/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-movie-wiki-news-cast-crew-release-date/|title=Taanaji The Unsung Warrior movie on Movie Alles|date=2018-06-22|work=Movie Alles|access-date=2018-09-05|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214721/https://moviealles.com/movies/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-movie-wiki-news-cast-crew-release-date/|archive-date=2018-09-05|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Tanaji's famous vow during Kondana campaign “Aadhi lagin kondhanyache mag mazya Raybache”.jpg|thumb|right| An early 20th century depiction by [[M.V. Dhurandhar]] of Tanaji's  vow to [[Shivaji]] and [[Jijabai]] in the presence of his son and uncle before the campaign for Kondana fort.<!-- Need to cite a reputable source if you wish to add ''“Aadhi lagin kondhanyache mag mazya Raybache”'' to this image.-->]]


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|History|Military}}
* [[Leonidas I]]
* [[Baji Prabhu Deshpande]]
* [[Baji Prabhu Deshpande]]
* [[Battle of Sinhagad]]
* [[Murarbaji]]
* [[Khemirao Sarnaik]]
* [[Khemirao Sarnaik]]
* [[Maharana Pratap]]
* [[Bahirji Naik]]
* [[Rana Sanga]]


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 66: Line 91:
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Maharashtra]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian people]]

Revision as of 17:57, 25 December 2022


Tanaji Kaloji Malusare [1]
Bronze bust of Malusare at Sinhagad
BornGodavli, Javali Taluka, Satara, Maharashtra[citation needed]
Died4 February 1670
Sinhagad, Maharashtra, India
AllegianceMaratha Empire
Service/branchMaratha Army
Years of servicec. 1640–1670
Battles/wars
Spouse(s)Savitri[citation needed]
Children1

Tanaji Malusare[2] was a warrior and commander of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. A local poet Tulsidas,[lower-alpha 1] wrote a powada describing Tanaji's heroics and sacrifice of life in the Battle of Sinhagad,[3] which has since made him a popular figure in Indian folklore.[4][5][6][lower-alpha 2][8]

Biography

Tanaji came from a Hindu Koli family.[9][10][11] Tanaji's father's name was Kaloji Malusare. His family was from Godoli village, which is situated near Pachgani. He spent his childhood there.[citation needed] When Shivaji appointed him to curb robbers of Poladpur, Mahabaleshwar, he then migrated to Umrath village. Tanaji had a son, Rayba Malusare and a brother Suryaji Malusare. His uncle Shelar Mama (transl. Maternal uncle) was also in the service of Shivaji. He postponed his son Rayba's wedding to win the Kondana fort from Mughals. Legends say that he took the responsibility to win that fort and said, "Aadhi Lagan Kondhanyache aani mag majhya Raybache"(transl. Firstly marriage of Kondhana and then my Rayba) (lit. 'First I'll win Kondhana and then I'll conduct marriage of my son Rayba'').[12]

Military career

Malusare was with Shivaji Bhosale around the time when he took his pledge at Rayareshwar's temple to establish a sovereign kingdom. He was part of Maratha troops in the battle of Paratpgad, where Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj killed Afzal Khan.[12]

Battle of Sinhagad

Main article: Battle of Sinhagad

Shivaji attacked Shahista Khan in Pune. He plundered and looted wealthy port city, Surat of Mughal empire. In 1665 Aurangzeb send Jai Singh and Diler Khan to defeat Shivaji and Adilshahi in Deccan. Jai Singh sieged Purandar fort, attacked by cannons. Murarbaji was the Kiledar (transl. Incharge of fort) of Purandar. Jai Singh had large army, they plundered number of villages of the Maratha Kingdom. Murar Baji Prabhu with his Mavales killed five hundred Pathan besides many Bahlia infantrymen, he tried to break siege but could not do that, he lost his life while defending fort. To avoid further loss of human life, Shivaji did talks for treaty with Jai Singh. Shivaji and Jai Singh did the treaty of Purandar, by this treaty Shivaji agreed to give his 23 forts including Kondhana to Mughals and joined them for attack on Adilshahi dynasty. As per one of the condition in the treaty, Shivaji gone to Agra. There Aurangzeb house arrested him but Shivaji managed to escape. He returned home and when Jai Singh died at Burhanpur and Aurangzeb got busy in North. He began recapture his forts from Mughals.[8]

Kondhana, outside Pune, was one of the first forts that Shivaji wanted to re-capture from the Mughal Empire, after the truce between the two parties broke down in 1670. Tanaji was asked to lead the task. Legend says that Tanaji agreed to lead even though that meant postponing his son's wedding.[13]

Tanaji Malusare with his picked 300 Mavle infantry scaled less abrupt side near Kalyan gate by rope ladders and slain the sentinels. The garrison fought desperately but Mavales (Soldiers from Maval region) carried havoc in their ranks. Amid the fighting Tanaji's shield broke, he tied cloth of his turban to his hand and defensed the strikes by it. The two chiefs challenged each other and both fell down. Tanaji was accompanied by his brother Suryaji Malusare, and maternal uncle Shelar Mama in the campaign. Marathas butchered enemies, slain more than one thousand Rajputs and many more perished in attempt run from the garrison and scaled down the Mountain.[8] The campaign to recapture the fort ended with victory for the Marathas, but at the cost of Tanaji losing his life in the battle.[14][15]

The fort was renamed Sinhagad (English: Lion fort) by Shivaji in honor of Tanaji.[14]

Legacy

  • Balbharati's fourth class's history textbook has a chapter about Tanaji Malusare and Battle of Kondhana.[16]

In popular culture

An early 20th century depiction by M.V. Dhurandhar of Tanaji's vow to Shivaji and Jijabai in the presence of his son and uncle before the campaign for Kondana fort.
  • Hindutva Ideologue Vinayak Damodar Savarkar had written a ballad on him, which was banned by the colonial British government.[17]
  • Gad aala pan sinh gela (Marathi: गड आला पण सिंह गेला) (transl. We won the fort but we lost the lion) a Marathi novel by Hari Narayan Apte was written in 1903, based on his life.[18][19]
  • Sinhagad, a 1933 Marathi film was produced by Baburao Painter, based on the 1903 novel.[20][21]
  • Bengali writer Saradindu Bandyopadhyay wrote the Sadashib series where the younger version of Tanaji was mentioned as a close associate of Shivaji.
  • In 1971 Amar Chitra Katha released a comic book called Tanaji, written by Meena Talim and illustrated by Vasant B. Halbe.[22]
  • Tanaji's character is portrayed by an actor in Raja Shivchatrapati serial of Star Pravah.
  • In the 2018 Marathi-language epic Farzand, Tanaji Malusare is portrayed by Ganesh Yadav.
  • In the 2019 Marathi-language epic Fatteshikast, Tanaji Malusare is portrayed by Ajay Purkar.
  • Bollywood actor Ajay Devgn produced and played the role of Tanaji Malusare in Tanhaji film. It was based on the Battle of Kondhana, Tanaji film theatrically released on 10 January 2020. It was a box-office hit.[23]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ not to be confused with Goswami Tulsidas
  2. ↑ The text has not been dated conclusively. It is popularly accepted to be written not long after the Battle; however, some scholars have claimed the text to have been written in the eighteenth century.[7]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Video:नरवीर तानाजी मालुसरे यांचे वंशज सध्या कोठे आहेत?".
  2. ↑ March 27, India Today Web Desk; March 27, 2019UPDATED; Ist, 2019 12:34. "Ajay Devgn's Taanaji: The Unsung Warrior will now be called Tanhaji due to numerological reasons". India Today. Retrieved 28 May 2022. {{cite web}}: |first2= has generic name (help); |first3= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  3. ↑ Sardesai, Sakharam Govind (1946). "New History of the Marathas (Vol I)". Internet Archive. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  4. ↑ Kantak, M. R. (1978). "The Political Role of Different Hindu Castes and Communities in Maharashtra in the Foundation of Shivaji's Swarajya". Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute. 38 (1/4): 51. ISSN 0045-9801. JSTOR 42931051.
  5. ↑ K. Ayyappa Paniker, ed. (1997). Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections, An Anthology, Volume One. p. 375. ISBN 9788126003655.
  6. ↑ Rao, Vasanta Dinanath (1939). "SIDE-LIGHT ON THE MARATHA LIFE FROM THE BARDIC (शाहिरी) LITERATURE OF THE 18th CENTURY". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 3: 1194–1212. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44252466.
  7. ↑ Raeside, Ian (July 1978). "A Note on the 'Twelve Mavals' of Poona District". Modern Asian Studies. 12 (3): 394. doi:10.1017/S0026749X00006211. ISSN 1469-8099. S2CID 145438073.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Sarkar, Jadunath (1920). Shivaji And His Times.
  9. ↑ Hardiman, David (2007). Histories for the Subordinated. Seagull Books. p. 103. ISBN 9781905422388. When Shivaji began his revolt in the following decade, the Kolis were amongst the first to join him under the leadership of the Sirnayak Khemi and they played a leading role in helping Shivaji to consolidate his power. The Koli Tanaji Malusare, is remembered in Maharashtra to this day for his courage in capturing the almost impregnable fort of Singhad for Shivaji.
  10. ↑ Hardiman, David (1996). Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India. Oxford University Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-19-563956-8.
  11. ↑ Roy, Shibani (1983). Koli culture: a profile of the culture of Talpad vistar. Cosmo. p. 25. OCLC 11970517.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Video:नरवीर तानाजी मालुसरे यांचे वंशज सध्या कोठे आहेत?". eSakal - Marathi Newspaper (in मराठी). Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  13. ↑ M. Jankiraman Ph.D. (2020). Perspectives in Indian History: From the Origins to AD 1857. ISBN 9781649839954.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 M. Jankiraman Ph.D. (2020). Perspectives in Indian History: From the Origins to AD 1857. ISBN 9781649839954.
  15. ↑ "तानाजी: गोष्ट कोंढाण्याची, जेव्हा 'गड आला पण सिंह गेला' होता..." BBC News मराठी (in मराठी). Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  16. ↑ "गड आला पण सिंह गेला". इतिहास - इयत्ता ४ थी [History, class - 4th] (in Marathi). Balbharati, Maharashtra.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  17. ↑ Derek Jones, ed. (2001). Censorship: A World Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 9781136798634.
  18. ↑ Sisir Kumar Das (1991). History of Indian Literature, Volume 1. Sahitya Akademi. p. 532. ISBN 9788172010065.
  19. ↑ Apte, Hari Narayan (1903). Gaḍa ālā, paṇa sīha gelā (in मराठी). Pune: Ramyakathā Prakāśana.
  20. ↑ Ashish Rajadhyaksha; Paul Willemen (2014). Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema. Taylor & Francis. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-135-94325-7. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  21. ↑ Nowell-Smith, Geoffrey (1996). The Oxford History of World Cinema. Oxford University Press. pp. 403. ISBN 978-0-19-874242-5. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  22. ↑ Talim, Meena; Halbe, Vasant B.; Pai, Anant (1973). Tanaji: The Maratha Lion. Amar Chitra Katha. ISBN 978-81-8482-159-8. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  23. ↑ "Taanaji The Unsung Warrior movie on Movie Alles". Movie Alles. 22 June 2018. Archived from the original on 5 September 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2018.


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