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| {{Short description|Games of the XXX Olympiad, held in London in 2012}}
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| {{Redirect2|2012 Olympics|London 2012|the Summer Paralympics|2012 Summer Paralympics|the Winter Youth Olympics|2012 Winter Youth Olympics|the video game|London 2012 (video game)}}
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| {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
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| {{Use British English|date=August 2012}} <!-- without Oxford commas -->
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| {{Infobox Olympic games|2012|Summer|Olympics| | | {{Infobox Olympic games|2012|Summer|Olympics| |
| | image = 2012 Summer Olympics logo.svg<!-- Please do not replace. This issue has been discussed. -->
| | | host_city = [[London]], United Kingdom |
| | image_size = 200px
| | | motto = ''Inspire a Generation '' |
| | caption = The basic shape of 2012 Olympics logo. Other color variants are shown [[2012 Summer Olympics#Logo and graphics|below]].
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| | alt = Four abstract shapes placed in a quadrant formation spelling out "2012". The word "London" is written in the shape representing the "2", while the Olympic rings are placed in the shape representing the "0".
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| | host_city = [[London]], [[England]], United Kingdom {{refn|The United Kingdom is a [[devolved state]] since 1998.|Note}} | |
| | motto = ''Inspire a Generation'' | |
| | nations = 204 | | | nations = 204 |
| | athletes = 10,768 (5,992 men, 4,776 women) | | | athletes = 10,768 (5,992 men, 4,776 women) |
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| * [[Callum Airlie]] | | * [[Callum Airlie]] |
| * [[Jordan Duckitt]] | | * [[Jordan Duckitt]] |
| * [[Desirèe Henry]] | | * [[Desiree Henry]] |
| * [[Katie Kirk]] | | * [[Katie Kirk]] |
| * [[Cameron MacRitchie]] | | * [[Cameron MacRitchie]] |
| * Aidan Reynolds | | * [[Aidan Reynolds]] |
| * [[Adelle Tracey]]<ref name="Opening and Cauldron"/> | | * [[Adelle Tracey]]<ref name="Opening and Cauldron"/> |
| * Austin Playfoot (relight)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london2012.com/news/articles/cauldron-moved-into-position-olympic-stadium.html|title=Cauldron moved into position in Olympic Stadium|publisher=London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Organizing Committee|date=30 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731191336/http://www.london2012.com/news/articles/cauldron-moved-into-position-olympic-stadium.html|archive-date=31 July 2012}}</ref>}} | | * {{nowrap|Austin Playfoot (relight)}} <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london2012.com/news/articles/cauldron-moved-into-position-olympic-stadium.html|title=Cauldron moved into position in Olympic Stadium|publisher=London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Organizing Committee|date=30 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731191336/http://www.london2012.com/news/articles/cauldron-moved-into-position-olympic-stadium.html|archive-date=31 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}} |
| | stadium = [[London Stadium|London Olympic Stadium]] | | | stadium = [[London Stadium|Olympic Stadium]] |
| | summer_prev = [[2008 Summer Olympics|Beijing 2008]] | | | summer_prev = [[2008 Summer Olympics|Beijing 2008]] |
| | summer_next = [[2016 Summer Olympics|Rio 2016]] | | | summer_next = [[2016 Summer Olympics|Rio 2016]] |
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| | winter_next = [[2014 Winter Olympics|Sochi 2014]] | | | winter_next = [[2014 Winter Olympics|Sochi 2014]] |
| }} | | }} |
| {{2012 Summer Olympics}}
| | [[Image:15-11-05 101 Monument.jpg|thumb|right|A London 2012 Olympics banner at [[The Monument]] in London.]] |
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| The '''2012 Summer Olympics''' (officially known as the '''Games of the XXX Olympiad'''<ref>The IOC numbers the Olympiads using [[Roman numerals]].</ref> and commonly known as '''London 2012''') was an international [[multi-sport event]] held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in [[London|London, England, United Kingdom]]. The first event, the [[group stage]] in [[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|women's football]], began on 25 July at the [[Millennium Stadium]] in [[Cardiff]], followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/london/index_uk.asp|publisher=International Olympic Committee|title=London 2012|access-date=3 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801100305/http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/london/index_uk.asp|archive-date=1 August 2008|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/2012/schedule-results/list/football/20120725|title=Olympics schedule and results – Wednesday 25 July|work=BBC Sport|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111234444/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/2012/schedule-results/list/football/20120725|archive-date=11 January 2016}}</ref> 10,768 athletes from 204 [[National Olympic Committee]]s (NOCs) participated.<ref name=athletecount/>
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| Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion [[Sebastian Coe]] and the incumbent [[Mayor of London]] [[Ken Livingstone]], London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the [[117th IOC Session]] in [[Singapore]], defeating bids from [[Moscow]], [[New York City]], [[Madrid]], and [[Paris]].<ref name="Election">{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/en/content/Olympic-Games/All-Future-Olympic-Games/Summer/London-2012|title=London 2012: Election|publisher=International Olympic Committee|access-date=2 October 2009|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120424194020/http://www.olympic.org/content/error-pages/error404/?404;http://www.olympic.org:80/en/content/olympic-games/all-future-olympic-games/summer/london-2012|archive-date=24 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> London became the first city to host the modern Olympics [[London Olympics|three times]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/olympics_2012/4654821.stm|title=Coe promises Olympics to remember|work=BBC Sport|date=6 July 2005|access-date=3 August 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110609063729/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/olympics_2012/4654821.stm|archive-date=9 June 2011}}</ref><ref>[[Athens]] has also hosted three [[International Olympic Committee|IOC]]-organised events, in [[1896 Summer Olympics|1896]], [[2004 Summer Olympics|2004]] and the [[Intercalated Games]] in [[1906 Intercalated Games|1906]]. However, the 1906 Games are no longer officially recognised by the IOC, as they do not fit with the quadrennial pattern of the modern Olympics.</ref> having previously hosted the Summer Games in [[1908 Summer Olympics|1908]] and in [[1948 Summer Olympics|1948]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/7361921.stm|title=London's first Olympics|work=BBC Sport|date=26 April 2008|access-date=3 August 2008|first=Mark|last=Barden|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501025441/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/7361921.stm|archive-date=1 May 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/olympics_1948_gallery.shtml|title=The 1948 London Olympics Gallery|work=BBC History|access-date=3 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080718202435/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/olympics_1948_gallery.shtml|archive-date=18 July 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>
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| Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment, with an emphasis on [[sustainability]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london2012.com/plans/sustainability/getting-ready/index.php|title=Building a sustainable Games|publisher=London 2012|access-date=2 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091018073244/http://www.london2012.com/plans/sustainability/getting-ready/index.php|archive-date=18 October 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> The main focus was a new {{convert|200|ha|acre|adj=on}} [[Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park|Olympic Park]], constructed on a former industrial site at [[Stratford, London|Stratford, East London]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newham.gov.uk/2012Games/AboutThe2012Games/TheOlympicPark.htm |title=Newham London: The Olympic Park |publisher=London Borough of Newham |access-date=1 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424194043/http://www.newham.gov.uk/2012Games/AboutThe2012Games/TheOlympicPark.htm |archive-date=24 April 2012 }}</ref> The Games also made use of [[Venues of the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics|venues]] that already existed before the bid.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london2012.com/mm%5CDocument%5CPublications%5CCandidateFile%5C01%5C24%5C07%5C59%5Cquestionnaire-response-english.pdf|title=Response to the questionnaire for cities applying to become Candidate cities to host the Games of the XXX Olympiad and the Paralympic Games in 2012|publisher=London 2012|access-date=29 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722094808/http://www.london2012.com/mm/Document/Publications/CandidateFile/01/24/07/59/questionnaire-response-english.pdf|archive-date=22 July 2012}}</ref>
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| The United States topped the medal table, winning most gold medals (46) and the highest number of medals overall (104). The Games received general praise for their organisation, with the volunteers, the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19233495|work=BBC News|title=London 2012: IOC chief Jacques Rogge 'very happy' with Games|date=12 August 2012|access-date=14 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813101505/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19233495|archive-date=13 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/london-2012-olympics-blog/2012/aug/12/has-olympics-changed-london-2012|title=Has the Olympics changed London?|work=The Guardian (Olympics blog)|date=12 August 2012|access-date=14 August 2012|first=Hannah|last=Waldram|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113193544/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/london-2012-olympics-blog/2012/aug/12/has-olympics-changed-london-2012|archive-date=13 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Scanlan|first=Wayne|date=10 August 2012|url=https://calgaryherald.com/sports/2012-summer-games/Buoyed+record+medal+haul+suprisingly+sunny/7072134/story.html|title=Buoyed by a record medal haul – and surprisingly sunny skies – the British have embraced the Olympics, turning out to live sites in droves to cheer on Team GB|newspaper=Calgary Herald|access-date=14 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816063024/http://www.calgaryherald.com/sports/2012-summer-games/Buoyed+record+medal+haul+suprisingly+sunny/7072134/story.html|archive-date=16 August 2012}}</ref> The [[2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony|opening ceremony]], directed by [[Danny Boyle]], received widespread acclaim throughout the world, particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/9434563/London-2012-the-experts-view-of-the-Olympic-opening-ceremony.html|title=London 2012: the experts' view of the Olympic opening ceremony|newspaper=The Sunday Telegraph|date=29 July 2012|location=London|access-date=14 August 2012|first1=Harvey|last1=Goldsmith|first2=Arlene|last2=Phillips|first3=David|last3=Quantick|first4=Mick|last4=Brown|first5=Mary|last5=Beard|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813183157/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/9434563/London-2012-the-experts-view-of-the-Olympic-opening-ceremony.html|archive-date=13 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/jul/27/olympics-opening-ceremony-view-from-abroad|title=Olympics opening ceremony: the view from abroad|newspaper=The Guardian|last=Topping|first=Alexandra|date=28 July 2012|page=2|location=London|access-date=14 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105042926/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/jul/27/olympics-opening-ceremony-view-from-abroad|archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref> During the Games, [[Michael Phelps]] became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time, winning his 22nd medal.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/jul/31/london-2012-michael-phelps-olympian|title=Michael Phelps becomes the greatest Olympian|access-date=11 August 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|last=McCrae|first=Donald|location=London|date=1 August 2012|page=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113193643/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/jul/31/london-2012-michael-phelps-olympian|archive-date=13 November 2013}}</ref> [[Saudi Arabia at the Olympics|Saudi Arabia]], [[Qatar at the Olympics|Qatar]], and [[Brunei at the Olympics|Brunei]] entered female athletes for the first time, so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games.<ref>{{cite news|last=Magnay|first=Jacquelin|author-link=Jacquelin Magnay|title=London 2012 Olympics diary: three countries have failed to send any female athletes|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/9468113/London-2012-Olympics-diary-three-countries-have-failed-to-send-any-female-athletes.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|date=11 August 2012|access-date=14 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813231039/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/9468113/London-2012-Olympics-diary-three-countries-have-failed-to-send-any-female-athletes.html|archive-date=13 August 2012}}</ref> Women's boxing was included for the first time, thus the Games became the first at which every sport had female competitors.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/19096530|title=London 2012 international digest — Day Six|date=2 August 2012|work=BBC Sport|access-date=11 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805011840/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/19096530|archive-date=5 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Saudis to send two women to London, make history|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2012/olympics/2012/07/12/saudi-arabia-women-london-olympics.ap/index.html|publisher=SI.com|access-date=13 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715100639/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2012/olympics/2012/07/12/saudi-arabia-women-london-olympics.ap/index.html|archive-date=15 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="latimes1">{{cite web |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jul/27/opinion/la-ed-olympics-women-20120727 |title=An Olympics first: All countries sending female athletes – latimes |publisher=Articles.latimes.com |date=27 July 2012 |access-date=3 September 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150905110502/http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jul/27/opinion/la-ed-olympics-women-20120727 |archive-date=5 September 2015 }}</ref> These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Belgian [[Jacques Rogge]], who was succeeded by German [[Thomas Bach]] the next year.
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| ==Bidding process==
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| {{Main|Bids for the 2012 Summer Olympics}}
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| By 15 July 2003, the deadline for interested cities to submit bids to the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC), nine cities had submitted bids to host the 2012 Summer Olympics: [[Havana]], [[Istanbul]], [[Leipzig]], [[London]], [[Madrid]], [[Moscow]], [[New York City]], [[Paris]], and [[Rio de Janeiro]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/3068323.stm|title=Olympic bids: The rivals|work=BBC Sport|date=15 July 2003|access-date=3 August 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210040857/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/3068323.stm|archive-date=10 February 2009}}</ref> On 18 May 2004, as a result of a scored technical evaluation, the IOC reduced the number of cities to five: London, Madrid, Moscow, New York and Paris.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/olympics_2012/3725157.stm|title=London bid team delighted|work=BBC Sport|date=18 May 2004|access-date=3 August 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060313040837/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/olympics_2012/3725157.stm|archive-date=13 March 2006}}</ref> All five submitted their candidate files by 19 November 2004 and were visited by the IOC inspection team during February and March 2005. The Paris bid suffered two setbacks during the IOC inspection visit: a number of strikes and demonstrations coinciding with the visits, and a report that a key member of the bid team, [[Guy Drut]], would face charges over alleged corrupt party political finances.<ref name="wrongb">{{Cite news|publisher=GamesBids|access-date=9 March 2005|url=http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1110389129|title=Day One Of Paris 2012 Inspection By IOC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061020064434/http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1110389129|archive-date=20 October 2006}}</ref>
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| [[File:Lord Coe - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012 cropped.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Sebastian Coe|Lord Coe]], chairman of the [[London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games|LOCOG]]]]
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| Throughout the process, Paris was widely seen as the favourite, particularly as this was its third bid in recent years. London was initially seen as lagging behind Paris by a considerable margin.<ref name="London wins 2012 Olympics, The Guardian, 5 July 2005">{{cite web|title=London wins 2012 Olympics |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/jul/06/olympics2012.olympicgames1 |last=Oliver |first=Mark |date=6 July 2005 |work=The Guardian |quote=The IOC president, Jacques Rogge, announced the result at 1248BST - around an hour after it had been decided in secret. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102192648/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/jul/06/olympics2012.olympicgames1 |archive-date=2 January 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Its position began to improve after the appointment of [[Sebastian Coe|Lord Coe]] as the new chair of the [[London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games]] (LOCOG) on 19 May 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bsr.london.edu/lbs-article/673/index.html|title=How London really won the games|access-date=24 June 2012|last=Payne|first=Michael|publisher=London Business School|archive-date=14 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614115909/http://bsr.london.edu/lbs-article/673/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In late August 2004, reports predicted a tie between London and Paris.<ref name="wrongd">{{Cite news|publisher=GamesBids|access-date=31 August 2004|url=http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1093970849|title=London And Paris Tie In 2012 Bid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041107021325/http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1093970849|archive-date=7 November 2004}}</ref>
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| On 6 June 2005, the IOC released its evaluation reports for the five candidate cities. They did not contain any scores or rankings, but the report for Paris was considered the most positive. London was close behind, having closed most of the gap observed by the initial evaluation in 2004. New York and Madrid also received very positive evaluations.<ref name="wrongc">{{Cite news|publisher=GamesBids|access-date=6 June 2005|url=http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1118060827|title=Paris, London and New York Get Glowing IOC Reports|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060418052415/http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1118060827|archive-date=18 April 2006}}</ref> On 1 July 2005, when asked who would win, [[Jacques Rogge]] said, "I cannot predict it since I don't know how the IOC members will vote. But my gut feeling tells me that it will be very close. Perhaps it will come down to a difference of say ten votes, or maybe less."<ref name="Rogge quote">{{cite web|publisher=[[International Sailing Federation]]|access-date=6 March 2007|url=http://www.sailing.org/news/12257.php|title=Rogge Arrives in Singapore|date=1 July 2005|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118194440/http://www.sailing.org/news/12257.php|archive-date=18 January 2012}}</ref>
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| On 6 July 2005, the final selection was announced at the 117th IOC Session in [[Singapore]]. Moscow was the first city to be eliminated, followed by New York and Madrid. The final two contenders were London and Paris. At the end of the fourth round of voting, London won the right to host the 2012 Games with 54 votes to 50.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/front_page/4655555.stm|work=BBC News|title=London beats Paris to 2012 Games|date=6 July 2005|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725072233/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/front_page/4655555.stm|archive-date=25 July 2017}}</ref>
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| The celebrations in London were short-lived, being overshadowed by [[7 July 2005 London bombings|bombings on London's transport system]] less than 24 hours after the announcement.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/sep/02/london.Olympics2012|title=The party that never was: capital marks the games at last|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=6 July 2005|access-date=22 August 2008|first=Andrew|last=Culf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002091306/http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2005/sep/02/london.Olympics2012|archive-date=2 October 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>
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| {| class=wikitable
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| |+ '''2012 host city election – ballot results'''
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| |-
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| ! City
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| ! abbr ="country" |NOC
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| | bgcolor="silver" |'''Round 1'''
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| | bgcolor="silver" |'''Round 2'''
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| | bgcolor="silver" |'''Round 3'''
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| | bgcolor="silver" |'''Round 4'''
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| |-
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| | [[London]] || {{flag|Great Britain}} ||'''22'''||27||'''39'''||'''54'''
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| |-
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| | [[Paris]] || {{flag|France}} ||21||25||33||50
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| |-
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| | [[Madrid]] || {{flag|Spain}} ||20||'''32'''||31||—
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| |-
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| | [[New York City]] || {{flag|United States}} ||19||17||—||—
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| |-
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| | [[Moscow]] || {{flag|Russia}} ||15||—||—||—
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| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |'''Total ballots'''
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| |97
| |
| |101
| |
| |103
| |
| |104
| |
| |}
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| ==Development and preparation==
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| {{Main|2012 Summer Olympic development}}
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| The [[London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games|London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games]] (LOCOG) was created to oversee the staging of the Games, and held its first board meeting on 3 October 2005.<ref name="temp board">{{cite press release|url=http://www.lda.gov.uk/news-and-events/media-centre/press-releases/2005/locog-formally-established-at-first-meeting-of-london-2012-transition-board.aspx |title=LOCOG formally established at first meeting of London 2012 Transition Board |publisher=London Development Agency |access-date=15 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119122828/http://www.lda.gov.uk/news-and-events/media-centre/press-releases/2005/locog-formally-established-at-first-meeting-of-london-2012-transition-board.aspx |archive-date=19 January 2012 }}</ref> The committee, chaired by [[Sebastian Coe|Lord Coe]], was in charge of implementing and staging the Games, while the [[Olympic Delivery Authority]] (ODA), established in April 2006, was in charge of construction of the venues and infrastructure.<ref name="temp board"/><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.london2012.com/news/2006/07/lemley-chairs-first-oda-board-meeting.php|title=Lemley chairs first ODA board meeting|publisher=London 2012|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227155513/https://www.london2012.com/news/2006/07/lemley-chairs-first-oda-board-meeting.php|archive-date=27 February 2012}}</ref> | |
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| The [[Government Olympic Executive]] (GOE), a unit within the [[Department for Culture, Media and Sport]] (DCMS), was the lead government body for coordinating the London 2012 Olympics. It focused on oversight of the Games, cross-programme management, and the [[London 2012 Olympic Legacy]] before and after the Games that would benefit London and the wider United Kingdom. The organisation was also responsible for the supervision of the £9.3 billion of public sector funding.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gov.uk/what_we_do/2012_olympic_games_and_paralympic_games/default.aspx|title=2012 Olympic Games & Paralympic Games|publisher=Department for Culture, Media and Sport|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026041400/http://www.culture.gov.uk/what_we_do/2012_olympic_games_and_paralympic_games/default.aspx|archive-date=26 October 2011}}</ref>
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| In August 2011, security concerns arose surrounding the hosting of the Olympic Games in London, following the [[2011 England riots]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/10/sports/london-rioting-prompts-fears-over-soccer-matches-and-the-olympics.html|title=London Rioting Prompts Fears Over Soccer and Olympics|date=9 August 2011|access-date=11 August 2011|work=The New York Times|first1=Juliet|last1=Macur|first2=Eric|last2=Pfanner|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306212647/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/10/sports/london-rioting-prompts-fears-over-soccer-matches-and-the-olympics.html|archive-date=6 March 2012}}</ref> Some countries expressed safety concerns,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/8690809/London-riots-China-raises-questions-over-safety-of-2012-Olympic-Games.html|title=London riots: China raises questions over safety of 2012 Olympic Games|date=9 August 2011|access-date=11 August 2011|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|first=Peter|last=Foster|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811044036/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/8690809/London-riots-China-raises-questions-over-safety-of-2012-Olympic-Games.html|archive-date=11 August 2011}}</ref> despite the IOC's assurance that the riots would not affect the Games.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/aug/09/london-riots-2012-olympics|title=London riots will not affect 2012 Olympic security, says IOC|date=9 August 2011|access-date=11 August 2011|work=The Guardian|location=London|first=Jamie|last=Jackson|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113193520/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/aug/09/london-riots-2012-olympics|archive-date=13 November 2013}}</ref>
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| The IOC's Coordination Commission for the 2012 Games completed its tenth and final visit to London in March 2012. Its members concluded that "London is ready to host the world this summer".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/news?articlenewsgroup=-1&articleid=159094|title=London is ready to host the Olympic Games as excitement builds|publisher=Olympic.org|access-date=13 April 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815025657/http://www.olympic.org/news?articlenewsgroup=-1&articleid=159094|archive-date=15 August 2012}}</ref>
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| ===Venues===
| | The '''2012 Summer Olympic Games''', officially known as the '''Games of the XXX Olympiad''', were held in [[London]], [[United Kingdom]] from 27 July to 12 August 2012, followed by the [[2012 Paralympics|2012 Paralympic Games]] from 29 August to 9 September. |
| {{Main|Venues of the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics}}
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| [[File:Uk dor portharbour.JPG|thumb|The [[Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy]] on the [[Isle of Portland]] in Dorset hosted the [[Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics|sailing]] events]]
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| The 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games used a mixture of new venues, existing and historic facilities, and temporary facilities, some of them in well-known locations such as [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]] and [[Horse Guards Parade]]. After the Games, some of the new facilities will be reused in their Olympic form, while others will be resized or relocated.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.excel-london.co.uk/mediacentre/pressoffice/london2012 |title=London 2012 |publisher=Excel London |date=6 July 2005 |access-date=15 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007091359/http://excel-london.co.uk/mediacentre/pressoffice/london2012 |archive-date=7 October 2011 }}</ref>
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| The majority of venues have been divided into three zones within [[Greater London]]: the Olympic Zone, the River Zone and the Central Zone. In addition there are a few venues that, by necessity, are outside the boundaries of Greater London, such as the [[Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy]] some {{convert|125|mi|0|abbr=on}} southwest of London, which hosted the [[Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics|sailing]] events. The football tournament was staged at several grounds around the UK.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/7758646.stm|title=Olympics 2012 venue guide|work=BBC News|access-date=15 October 2011|date=3 December 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304063707/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/7758646.stm|archive-date=4 March 2012}}</ref> Work began on the Park in December 2006, when a sports hall in [[Eton Manor]] was pulled down.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/olympics_2012/6179069.stm|title=Work begins on 2012 Olympic Park|work=BBC News|date=14 December 2006|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070112232122/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/olympics_2012/6179069.stm|archive-date=12 January 2007}}</ref> The athletes' village in Portland was completed in September 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-dorset-14896476|title=Osprey Quay Olympic village topping out ceremony|work=BBC News|date=13 September 2011|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919010332/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-dorset-14896476|archive-date=19 September 2011}}</ref>
| | London became the first city to host the modern [[Olympic Games]] three times; London also hosted the [[1908 Summer Olympics]] and the [[1948 Summer Olympics]]. |
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| In November 2004, the 200-hectare (500-acre) Olympic Park plans were revealed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/olympics_2012/3990319.stm|title=London reveals Olympic Park plans|work=BBC Sport|date=8 November 2004|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051029094314/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/olympics_2012/3990319.stm|archive-date=29 October 2005}}</ref> The plans for the site were approved in September 2004 by Tower Hamlets, Newham, Hackney and Waltham Forest.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/3639130.stm|title=2012 Olympic Park gets go ahead|work=BBC News|date=9 September 2004|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060618141714/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/3639130.stm|archive-date=18 June 2006}}</ref> The redevelopment of the area to build the Olympic Park required [[Eminent domain|compulsory purchase]] orders of property. The London Development Agency was in dispute with [[London and Continental Railways]] about the orders in November 2005. By May 2006, 86% of the land had been bought as businesses fought eviction.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/4753045.stm|title=Probe into Olympic land evictions|work=BBC News|date=9 May 2006|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061215074617/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/4753045.stm|archive-date=15 December 2006}}</ref> Residents who opposed the eviction tried to find ways to stop it by setting up campaigns, but they had to leave as 94% of land was bought and the other 6% bought as a £9 billion regeneration project started.<ref>{{cite news|author=Assistant Producer, Building the Olympic Dream|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/7937133.stm|title=Stratford's last stand|work=BBC Sport|date=11 March 2009|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316082113/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/7937133.stm|archive-date=16 March 2009}}</ref>
| | == The bidding process == |
| {{clear}}
| | By the bid submission deadline of 15 July 2003, nine cities had submitted bids to host the 2012 Olympics. These cities were [[Havana]], [[Istanbul]], [[Leipzig]], [[London]], [[Madrid]], [[Moscow]], [[New York City|New York]], [[Paris]], and [[Rio de Janeiro]]. |
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| {{Wide image|Olympic Park, London, 16 April 2012 (2).jpg|800px|Aerial view of the [[Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park|Olympic Park]] in April 2012}}
| | On 18 May 2004 the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC) reduced the number of cities to five: London, Madrid, Moscow, New York, and Paris. |
| There were some issues with the original venues not being challenging enough or being financially unviable. Both the Olympic road races and the mountain bike event were initially considered to be too easy, so they were eventually scheduled on new locations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london2012.com/games/olympic-sports/cycling-road.php|title=Road cycling|publisher=London2012|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907052443/http://www.london2012.com/games/olympic-sports/cycling-road.php|archive-date=7 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/london_2012/7554020.stm|title=Essex venue to host 2012 biking|work=BBC Sport|date=11 August 2008|access-date=15 October 2011}}</ref> The [[2012 Olympic Marathon Course|Olympic marathon course]], which was set to finish in the Olympic stadium, was moved to The Mall, since closing Tower Bridge was deemed to cause traffic problems in central London.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gibson|first=Owen|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/oct/04/london-2012-marathon-mall|title=London 2012 marathon to finish at The Mall despite East End protests|work=The Guardian|location=London|access-date=15 October 2011|date=4 October 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113193533/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/oct/04/london-2012-marathon-mall|archive-date=13 November 2013}}</ref> [[North Greenwich Arena 2]] was scrapped in a cost-cutting exercise, [[Wembley Arena]] being used for badminton and rhythmic gymnastics events instead.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/articles/2008/10/17/greenwich_o2_wembley_feature.shtml|title=Greenwich or Wembley?|work=BBC News|date=17 October 2008|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203123600/http://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/articles/2008/10/17/greenwich_o2_wembley_feature.shtml|archive-date=3 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Henson|first=Mike|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/8101822.stm|title=Boxing chiefs voice 2012 concerns|work=BBC Sport|date=15 June 2009|access-date=15 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/8015377.stm|title=Wembley may stage Olympic boxing|work=BBC Sport|date=23 April 2009|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426065958/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/8015377.stm|archive-date=26 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.morethanthegames.co.uk/summer-sports/2610926-badminton-and-rhythmic-gymnastics-agree-london-2012-wembley-move |title=Badminton and rhythmic gymnastics agree to London 2012 Wembley move |publisher=More than the Games |date=26 May 2010 |access-date=15 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610234954/http://www.morethanthegames.co.uk/summer-sports/2610926-badminton-and-rhythmic-gymnastics-agree-london-2012-wembley-move |archive-date=10 June 2012 }}</ref>
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| Test events were held throughout 2011 and 2012, either through an existing championship such as [[2012 Wimbledon Championships]] or as a specially created event held under the banner of ''[[London Prepares series|London Prepares]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/london_2012/9397066.stm|work=BBC News|title=London 2012 test events unveiled|date=24 February 2011}}</ref>
| | The IOC inspection team visited the five candidate cities during February and March 2005. |
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| Team GB House was the British Olympic Association's operational HQ up to and during the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Designed by architects Gebler Tooth on the top floor of an office building in Westfield Stratford City, it combined the team HQ, athletes' "Friends and Family" lounge, Press Centre, and VIP lounge.
| | On 6 June 2005, the [[International Olympic Committee]] released its evaluation reports for the five candidate cities. Although these reports did not contain any scores or rankings, the evaluation report for Paris was seen as the most positive, followed closely by London. |
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| ===Public transport===
| | During the process, many thought Paris was most likely to win the nomination, largely because this was its third bid in recent years. In late August 2004, reports came out predicting a [[London]] and [[Paris]] tie in the 2012 bid.<ref name="wrongd">{{cite news |publisher = GamesBids|access-date = 2004-08-31 |url = http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=1&id=1093970849|title = London And Paris Tie In 2012 Bid}}</ref> |
| [[File:St Pancras railway station MMB 31 395018.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Olympic Javelin]] service ran between [[St Pancras railway station|St Pancras]] and [[Ebbsfleet International railway station|Ebbsfleet]], via [[Stratford International station|Stratford]]]]
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| London's public transport scored poorly in the IOC's initial evaluation; however, it felt that, if the improvements were delivered in time for the Games, London would cope.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Host_city_elections/2012_OG-Report_of_the_Evaluation_Commission.pdf|title=Report of the IOC Evaluation Commission for the Games of the XXX Olympiad in 2012|publisher=Olympic.org|access-date=23 June 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803071036/http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Host_city_elections/2012_OG-Report_of_the_Evaluation_Commission.pdf|archive-date=3 August 2012}}</ref> [[Transport for London]] (TfL) carried out numerous improvements in preparation for 2012, including the expansion of the [[London Overground]]'s [[East London Line]], upgrades to the [[Docklands Light Railway]] and the [[North London Line]], and the introduction of a new "[[Olympic Javelin|Javelin]]" high-speed rail service.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/kent/3957867.stm|work=BBC News|title=High-speed rail links confirmed|date=27 October 2004|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215114217/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/kent/3957867.stm|archive-date=15 February 2009}}</ref> According to Network Rail, an additional 4,000 train services operated during the Games, and train operators ran longer trains during the day.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-13534021|work=BBC News|title=Extra trains planned for visitors to London 2012 venues|date=25 May 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319063640/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-13534021|archive-date=19 March 2012}}</ref> During the Games, [[Stratford International station]] was not served by any international services (just as it had not been before the Games),<ref name=bbc-stratford-int>{{cite news|title=Eurostar 'will not stop' at Stratford International|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10154343|access-date=24 July 2012|work=BBC News|date=25 May 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303051015/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10154343|archive-date=3 March 2013}}</ref> westbound trains did not stop at [[Hackney Wick railway station]],<ref name=tfl-hackney>{{cite web|title=Hackney Wick |url=http://www.getaheadofthegames.com/travelinaffectedareas/city/transport/publictransportoverlay/hackneywick.html |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120719155804/http://www.getaheadofthegames.com/travelinaffectedareas/city/transport/publictransportoverlay/hackneywick.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 July 2012 |work=Get Ahead of the Games |publisher=Transport for London |access-date=24 July 2012 }}</ref> and [[Pudding Mill Lane DLR station]] closed entirely during the Games.<ref name=tfl-pudding>{{cite web|title=Pudding Mill Lane |url=http://www.getaheadofthegames.com/travelinaffectedareas/city/transport/publictransportoverlay/439.html |work=Get Ahead of the Games |publisher=Transport for London |access-date=24 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723070306/http://www.getaheadofthegames.com/travelinaffectedareas/city/transport/publictransportoverlay/439.html |archive-date=23 July 2012 }}</ref>
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| [[File:Emirates Air Line towers 24 May 2012.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Emirates Air Line (cable car)|Emirates Air Line]] crosses the [[River Thames]] between [[Greenwich Peninsula]] and the [[Royal Docks]]]]
| | On 6 July 2005, London was announced as the winner of the bid at the [[Raffles The Plaza|Raffles City Convention Centre]] in [[Singapore]]. |
| TfL also built a £25 million [[Aerial lift|cable car]] across the [[River Thames]], called the [[Emirates Air Line (cable car)|Emirates Air Line]], to link 2012 Olympics venues.<ref name="CableBBC">{{Cite news|title=Thames cable car to link 2012 Olympic Games venues|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/10501313.stm|work=BBC News|access-date=4 July 2010|date=4 July 2010|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120424194220/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10501313|archive-date=24 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> It was inaugurated in June 2012 and crosses the Thames between [[Greenwich Peninsula]] and the [[Royal Docks]], carrying up to 2,500 passengers an hour, cutting journey times between the [[The O2 (London)|O2 arena]] and the [[ExCeL London|ExCeL exhibition centre]] and providing a crossing every 30 seconds.<ref name="tfl-announcement">{{Cite press release|title=Plans unveiled for a new Thames crossing with London's first cable car system. |url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/16125.aspx |access-date=5 July 2010 |publisher=Transport for London |date=4 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100912182337/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/16125.aspx |archive-date=12 September 2010 }}</ref>
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| The plan was to have 80% of athletes travel less than 20 minutes to their event<ref>{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmtran/588/588i.pdf|title=Going for Gold: Transport for London's 2012 Olympic Games|publisher=House of Commons Transport Committee|date=8 March 2006|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125061150/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmtran/588/588i.pdf|archive-date=25 November 2011}}</ref> and 93% of them within 30 minutes of their event.<ref name="transport">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/london_2012/4025027.stm|work=BBC Sport|title=London plan at-a-glance|date=6 July 2005|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209004335/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/london_2012/4025027.stm|archive-date=9 December 2008}}</ref> The Olympic Park would be served by ten separate railway lines with a combined capacity of 240,000 passengers per hour.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/3866209.stm|work=BBC News|title=Free travel plan for Olympic bid|date=5 July 2004|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302113322/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/3866209.stm|archive-date=2 March 2009}}</ref> In addition, LOCOG planned for 90% of the venues to be served by three or more types of public transport.<ref name="transport"/> Two park-and-ride sites off the [[M25 motorway|M25]] with a combined capacity of 12,000 cars were 25 minutes away from the Olympic Park. Another park-and-ride site was planned in [[Ebbsfleet Valley|Ebbsfleet]] with a capacity for 9,000 cars where spectators could board a 10-minute shuttle train service.<ref name="transport"/> To get spectators to [[Eton Dorney]], four park-and-ride schemes were set up.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-14911974|title=Olympics 2012: Park and ride schemes for Dorney Lake events|work=BBC News|date=14 September 2011|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026054930/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-14911974|archive-date=26 October 2011}}</ref> These Park and Ride services were operated by [[First Travel Solutions|First Games Transport]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/north_east/8516359.stm |title=FirstGroup wins Olympics bus contract |date=15 February 2010 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218202247/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/north_east/8516359.stm |archive-date=18 February 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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| [[File:London 2012 games lane.jpg|thumb|right|Olympic rings marked on a street, indicating that the lane is reserved for the use of Olympic athletes and staff]]
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| TfL defined a network of roads leading between venues as the [[Olympic Route Network]]; roads connecting between all of the Olympic venues located within London. Many of these roads also contained special "Olympic lanes" marked with the Olympic rings{{emdash}}reserved for the use of Olympic athletes, officials, and other VIPs during the Games. Members of the public driving in an Olympic lane were subject to a fine of £130. Additionally, London buses would not include roads with Olympic lanes on their routes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/projectsandschemes/18196.aspx |title=Olympic and Paralympic route network |website=TfL.gov.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305060001/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/projectsandschemes/18196.aspx |archive-date=5 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/olympics/olympic-news/revealed-the-road-signs-that-will-ban-drivers-from-olympic-lanes-6368234.html|last=Beard|first=Matthew|title=Revealed: the road signs that will ban drivers from Olympic lanes|newspaper=London Evening Standard|date=15 November 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704130857/http://www.standard.co.uk/olympics/olympic-news/revealed-the-road-signs-that-will-ban-drivers-from-olympic-lanes-6368234.html|archive-date=4 July 2017}}</ref><ref name=guardian-cycling/> The painting of Olympic lane indicators in mid-July led to confusion from commuters, who wrongly believed that the Olympic lane restrictions had already taken effect (they were to take effect on 27 July). The [[A4 road (England)|A4]] experienced traffic jams due to drivers avoiding the Olympic lane, and likewise on a section of [[Southampton Row]], where the only lanes available in one direction were the Olympic lane and the bus lane.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/chaos-on-the-a4-as-drivers-try-to-avoid-olympics-lane-which-is-not-yet-in-operation-7945748.html|title=Chaos on the A4 as drivers try to avoid Olympics lane which is not yet in operation|date=16 July 2012|work=Evening Standard|access-date=4 January 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105070303/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/chaos-on-the-a4-as-drivers-try-to-avoid-olympics-lane-which-is-not-yet-in-operation-7945748.html|archive-date=5 January 2018}}</ref>
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| Concerns were expressed at the logistics of spectators travelling to the events outside London. In particular, the [[Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy|sailing events]] at [[Portland, England|Portland]] had no direct motorway connections, and local roads are heavily congested by tourist traffic in the summer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panamericanchauffeurs.com/london_olympics_2012_airport_transfers.html |title=2012 London Olympic Games | London Chauffeur Limo Service |publisher=Panamerican Chauffeurs |date=6 July 2005 |access-date=15 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103172317/http://www.panamericanchauffeurs.com/london_olympics_2012_airport_transfers.html |archive-date=3 November 2011 }}</ref> However, a £77 million relief road connecting Weymouth to Dorchester was built and opened in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/dorset/6529709.stm|work=BBC News|title=Go-ahead won for £77m relief road|date=5 April 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006044624/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/dorset/6529709.stm|archive-date=6 October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-dorset-12769307|work=BBC News|title=Weymouth Olympic relief road is opened|date=17 March 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919012001/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-dorset-12769307|archive-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> Some £16 million was put aside for the rest of the improvements.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/dorset/8323724.stm|work=BBC News|title=Olympics road plans put on show|date=24 October 2009}}</ref>
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| TfL created a promotional campaign and website, ''Get Ahead of the Games'', to help provide information related to transport during the Olympics and Paralympics. Through the campaign, TfL also encouraged the use of cycling as a mode of transport during the Games.<ref name=les-cycling>{{cite news|title=The Olympic commute... Get ahead of the Games by bike|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/the-olympic-commute-get-ahead-of-the-games-by-bike-7978591.html|newspaper=London Evening Standard|date=26 July 2012|last=Gardner|first=Jasmine|access-date=14 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803001316/http://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/the-olympic-commute-get-ahead-of-the-games-by-bike-7978591.html|archive-date=3 August 2012}}</ref> However, despite this encouragement to use bicycles, members of the public protested that riding bikes on London roads would be more dangerous due to the blocked Olympic lanes, and also protested against a decision to close the [[Lea Valley Walk|Lea Valley towpath]] during the Olympics and Paralympics due to security concerns.<ref name=guardian-cycling>{{cite news|last=Tuffrey|first=Laurie|title=Olympics regulations force cyclists to dismount|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/bike-blog/2012/jul/10/olympics-regulations-cyclists|work=The Guardian|access-date=24 July 2012|location=London|date=10 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113192008/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/bike-blog/2012/jul/10/olympics-regulations-cyclists|archive-date=13 November 2013}}</ref>
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| ===International transport===
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| The 2012 Games were a unique operational task and a massive challenge for Heathrow airport.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}} A temporary terminal was created at Heathrow Airport to be used by 10,100 departing athletes after the Games. Up to 35% more bags than normal were expected on 13 August, which was predicted to be the busiest day in the airport's history, according to Nick Cole, head of Olympic and Paralympic planning at Heathrow.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}
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| ===Cost and financing===
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| A study from Oxford University found that the sports-related costs of London 2012 amounted to US$15 billion, compared with $4.6 billion for Rio 2016, $40–44 billion for Beijing 2008, and $51 billion for Sochi 2014 (the most expensive Olympics in history). London 2012 went over budget by 76% in real terms, measured from bid to completion. Cost per athlete was $1.4 million.<ref>{{Cite book|ssrn=2804554|title=The Oxford Olympics Study 2016: Cost and Cost Overrun at the Games|last1=Flyvbjerg|first1=Bent|last2=Stewart|first2=Allison|last3=Budzier|first3=Alexander|publisher=Saïd Business School, University of Oxford|year=2016}}</ref> This does not include wider costs for urban and transport infrastructure, which often equal or exceed the sports-related costs.
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| The costs of staging the Games were separate from those for building the venues and infrastructure and redeveloping the land for the Olympic Park. While the Games were privately funded, the venues and infrastructure were largely financed using public money.
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| According to ''The Wall Street Journal'', the original budget for the Games was increased to about £9.3 billion (US$15.28 billion) in 2007.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pearman|first=Hugh|title=These Knock-Down, Shrinkable Games|url=http://professional.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303754904577532921054250902.html?mod=ITP_personaljournal_3&mg=reno64-wsj|access-date=25 July 2012|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=25 July 2012|page=D6}}</ref> The revised figures were announced to the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] on 15 March 2007 by [[Tessa Jowell]]. Along with East End regeneration costs, the breakdown was:
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| * Building the venues and infrastructure – £5.3 billion
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| * Elite sport and Paralympic funding – £400 million
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| * Security and policing – £600 million
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| * Regeneration of the Lower Lea Valley – £1.7 billion
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| * Contingency fund – £2.7 billion
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| ===Volunteers===
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| Unpaid volunteers known as Games Makers performed a variety of tasks before and during the Games.<ref>{{cite web|title=Volunteering – Making the Games happen|url=http://www.london2012.com/volunteer|publisher=London 2012|access-date=15 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424201321/http://www.london2012.com/volunteer|archive-date=24 April 2012}}</ref> A target of 70,000 volunteers was set as early as 2004.<ref>{{cite news|last=Shifrin|first=Tash|title=Olympic appeal as volunteer target hit|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2004/feb/10/volunteering|access-date=15 April 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|date=10 February 2004|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113193705/http://www.theguardian.com/society/2004/feb/10/volunteering|archive-date=13 November 2013}}</ref> When recruitment took place in 2010, over 240,000 applications were received.<ref>{{cite web|title=10 Games Maker facts|url=http://www.london2012.com/get-involved/volunteer/london-2012-games-makers/10-games-maker-facts.php|publisher=London 2012|access-date=15 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424204030/http://www.london2012.com/get-involved/volunteer/london-2012-games-makers/10-games-maker-facts.php|archive-date=24 April 2012}}</ref> Sebastian Coe said in February 2012, "Our Games Makers will contribute a total of around eight million volunteer hours during the Games and the Games simply wouldn't happen without them".<ref>{{cite news|title=Volunteers training day at Wembley Stadium as they prepare for Games|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/9061305/London-2012-Olympics-volunteers-training-day-at-Wembley-Stadium-as-they-prepare-for-Games.html|access-date=15 April 2012|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|date=4 February 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206234020/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/9061305/London-2012-Olympics-volunteers-training-day-at-Wembley-Stadium-as-they-prepare-for-Games.html|archive-date=6 February 2012}}</ref> The volunteers wore clothing which included purple and red polo shirts and jackets, beige trousers, grey socks and grey-and-white [[trainers]] which they collected from the [[Uniform Distribution and Accreditation Centre]]. Volunteers also wore photo accreditation badges which were also worn by officials, athletes, family members and media which gained them access to specific venues and buildings around the site.
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| ===Ticketing===
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| Organisers estimated that some 8 million tickets would be available for the Olympic Games,<ref name=Justtheticket>{{cite web|title=Just the ticket|url=http://www.london2012.org/en/ourvision/Ticketing.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202155136/http://www.london2012.org/en/ourvision/Ticketing.htm|archive-date=2 February 2007|work=London 2012|access-date=20 July 2012}}</ref> and 1.5 million tickets for the Paralympic Games.<ref name="Justtheticket"/> LOCOG aimed to raise £375–£400 million in ticket sales. There were also free events such as marathon, triathlon and road cycling,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Travel/wireStory?id=10171244|title=London Opens Ticket Process for 2012 Olympics|work=ABC News|access-date=20 May 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325093452/https://abcnews.go.com/Travel/wireStory?id=10171244|archive-date=25 March 2010}}</ref> although, for the first time in Olympic history, the sailing events were ticketed.<ref>{{cite web|author=ISAF |url=http://www.sailing.org/london2012/news/36364.php |title=ISAF: London 2012 Olympic Games Sailing Competition: What Is The Weymouth And Portland International Regatta? |publisher=Sailing.org |date=28 July 2011 |access-date=15 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020014531/http://www.sailing.org/london2012/news/36364.php |archive-date=20 October 2011 }}</ref> Eventually, more than 7,000,000 tickets were sold.<ref name="washingtonpost1">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/olympics/at-london-olympics-empty-seats-have-organizers-scrambling-giving-away-tickets-to-children-and-soldiers/2012/07/29/gJQA6YVBJX_story.html|work=The Washington Post|first=Karla|last=Adam|title=At London Olympics, empty seats have organizers scrambling, giving away tickets to children and soldiers|date=30 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719170354/https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/olympics/at-london-olympics-empty-seats-have-organizers-scrambling-giving-away-tickets-to-children-and-soldiers/2012/07/29/gJQA6YVBJX_story.html|archive-date=19 July 2017}}</ref> Following IOC rules, people applied for tickets from the NOC of their country of residence. European Union residents were able to apply for tickets in any EU country.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lynn|first=Guy|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18161743|work=BBC News|title=Ukrainian Olympic official 'willing to sell tickets to black market'|date=22 May 2012|access-date=8 June 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607222537/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18161743|archive-date=7 June 2012}}</ref>
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| In Great Britain, ticket prices ranged from £20 for many events to £2,012 for the most expensive seats at the opening ceremony. Some free tickets were given to military personnel as part of the Tickets For Troops scheme,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13758141|work=BBC News|title=Olympic tickets offered to UK Armed Forces members|date=14 June 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824064608/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13758141|archive-date=24 August 2011}}</ref> as well as to survivors and families of those who died during [[7 July 2005 London bombings]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-13302220|work=BBC News|title=2012 Olympic tickets for 7/7 bomb attack victims|date=6 May 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719233157/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-13302220|archive-date=19 July 2011}}</ref> Initially, people were able to apply for tickets via a website from 15 March until 26 April 2011. There was a huge demand for tickets, with a demand of over three times the number of tickets available. The process was widely criticised as more than 50% of the sessions went to a random ballot,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/london_2012/13209306.stm|work=BBC News|title=Olympic ticket demand passes 20m|date=27 April 2011}}</ref> and over half the people who applied got no tickets.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14008482|work=BBC News|title=750,000 Olympics tickets sold in 'second chance' round|date=3 July 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825091749/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14008482|archive-date=25 August 2011}}</ref> On 11 May 2012 a round of nearly one million "second chance" tickets went on sale over a 10-day period between 23 June and 3 July 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=Olympic tickets on sale in 'second chance' phase|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14066068|work=BBC News|access-date=17 August 2011|date=11 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718201248/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14066068|archive-date=18 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> About 1.7 million tickets were available for football and 600,000 for other sports, including archery, field hockey, football, judo, boxing and volleyball. Although technical difficulties were encountered, ten sports had sold out by 8 am of the first day.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13918958|work=BBC News|title=2012 Hopefuls miss out on tickets|date=26 June 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830050722/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13918958|archive-date=30 August 2011}}</ref>
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| ===Countdown===
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| [[File:2012 Summer Olympics Clock.jpg|thumb|upright|The Countdown Clock in [[Trafalgar Square]]]]
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| During the [[2008 Summer Olympics closing ceremony|closing ceremony of the 2008 Olympics]], the [[Olympic Flag]] was formally handed over from the [[Guo Jinlong|Mayor of Beijing]] to the [[Boris Johnson|Mayor of London]]. This was followed by a section highlighting London,<ref>{{cite web|author=<!--lead container name-->Eight minute wonder|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/articles/2008/06/17/adrian_eight_minutes_feature.shtml|title=The BBC|publisher=BBC|date=17 June 2008|access-date=20 May 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110133956/http://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/articles/2008/06/17/adrian_eight_minutes_feature.shtml|archive-date=10 January 2009}}</ref> One month later, the Olympic and [[Paralympic flag]]s were raised outside the [[City Hall (London)|London City Hall]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://legacy.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=18998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113113104/http://legacy.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=18998 |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 January 2012 |title=1948 Olympians and 2012 hopefuls join Beijing heroes as Olympic and Paralympic flags raised at City Hall |publisher=Legacy.london.gov.uk |date=26 September 2008 |access-date=15 October 2011 }}</ref>
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| A countdown clock in [[Trafalgar Square]] was unveiled, 500 days before the Games.<ref>{{Cite news|title=London 2012 countdown clock stops in Trafalgar Square|work=BBC News|access-date=15 March 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-12749912|date=15 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318075539/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-12749912|archive-date=18 March 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> The clock broke down the following day,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/london-2012-olympics-blog/2011/jul/27/london-2012-year-to-go|location=London|work=The Guardian|first1=Scott|last1=Murray|first2=Katy|last2=Murrells|title=London 2012: The 'One Year To Go' Celebrations – as they happened|date=27 July 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104081343/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/london-2012-olympics-blog/2011/jul/27/london-2012-year-to-go|archive-date=4 January 2017}}</ref> but was later fixed. It was a two-sided clock with the Paralympic countdown on the other side.
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| The countdown to the start of the Olympics began with a ceremony for the lighting of the Olympic flame in [[Olympia, Greece]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Olympic flame lit for London Games |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tournaments/london-olympics/Olympic-flame-lit-for-London-Games/articleshow/13079554.cms |access-date=10 May 2012 |work=The Times Of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510144844/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tournaments/london-olympics/Olympic-flame-lit-for-London-Games/articleshow/13079554.cms |archive-date=10 May 2012 }}</ref>
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| ===Security===
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| {{main|Security for the 2012 Summer Olympics}}
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| {{see also|Controversies surrounding G4S}}
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| The police led the security operation, with 10,000 officers available, supported by 13,500 members of the [[British armed forces|armed forces]]. [[Royal Navy|Naval]] and [[Royal Air Force|air]] assets, including ships situated in the [[Thames]], [[Eurofighter]] jets and surface-to-air missiles, were deployed as part of the security operation; the biggest security operation Britain had faced for decades. The cost of security increased from £282 million to £553 million, and the figure of 13,500 armed forces personnel was more than Britain currently had deployed in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16195861|title=London 2012: 13,500 troops to provide Olympic security|date=15 December 2011|work=BBC News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216022738/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16195861|archive-date=16 December 2011}}</ref> The [[Metropolitan Police Service|Metropolitan Police]] and the [[Royal Marines]] carried out security exercises in preparation for the Olympics on 19 January 2012, with 50 marine police officers in rigid inflatables and fast response boats, joined by up to 100 military personnel and a [[Lynx helicopter|Lynx Navy helicopter]].<ref>Seida, Jim (19 January 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120315020234/http://photoblog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/01/19/10192015-metropolitan-police-and-the-royal-marines-perform-security-exercises-in-preparation-for-london-olympics "Metropolitan Police and the Royal Marines perform security exercises in preparation for London Olympics"] . MSNBC.</ref>
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| The [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] distributed leaflets to residents of the Lexington building in [[Bow, London|Bow]], announcing that a missile system was to be stationed on top of the water tower.<ref name=guardian-olympic-missiles>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/apr/29/london-rooftops-missiles-olympic-games|title=London rooftops to carry missiles during Olympic Games|last=Booth|first=Robert|newspaper=The Guardian|date=29 April 2012|location=London|access-date=29 April 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113192000/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/apr/29/london-rooftops-missiles-olympic-games|archive-date=13 November 2013}}</ref><ref name=telegraph-olympic-missiles>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/news/9234544/London-Olympics-2012-MoD-rooftop-missile-base-plan-alarms-local-residents.html |title=London Olympics 2012: MoD rooftop missile base plan alarms local residents |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=29 April 2012 |access-date=29 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429213246/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/news/9234544/London-Olympics-2012-MoD-rooftop-missile-base-plan-alarms-local-residents.html |archive-date=29 April 2012 }}</ref> This caused concern to some residents.<ref name=guardian-olympic-missiles/><ref name=telegraph-olympic-missiles/> The Ministry said it probably would use [[Starstreak (missile)|Starstreak]] missiles and that site evaluations had taken place, but that no final decision had taken place.<ref name=guardian-olympic-missiles/><ref name=telegraph-olympic-missiles/>
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| ===Medals===
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| [[File:2012 Olympic Games Medal, Britain 2011.jpg|thumb|upright|Medals of the London 2012 Olympics]]
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| Approximately 4,700<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalmint.com/Corporate/media/London-2012-Olympic-games-victory-medals.aspx|title=London 2012 Olympic Games victory medals to be made by the Royal Mint|publisher=Royalmint.com|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025002237/http://www.royalmint.com/Corporate/media/London-2012-Olympic-games-victory-medals.aspx|archive-date=25 October 2011}}</ref> [[Olympic medal|Olympic and Paralympic medals]] were produced by the [[Royal Mint]] at [[Llantrisant]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-11989437|work=BBC News|title=London 2012 medals deal struck for Royal Mint in Llantrisant|date=14 December 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223050218/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-11989437|archive-date=23 February 2012}}</ref> They were designed by [[David Watkins (designer)|David Watkins]] (Olympics) and Lin Cheung (Paralympics).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-15475942|work=BBC News|title=London 2012: Olympic medals go into production in Wales|date=27 October 2011|access-date=4 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228155844/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-15475942|archive-date=28 December 2011}}</ref> 99% of the gold, silver and copper was donated by Rio Tinto from a mine in [[Salt Lake County, Utah]] in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=20827055|title=Kennecott donating $7.3 million in gold, silver, bronze for Olympics|publisher=KSL.com|access-date=25 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624071037/http://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=20827055|archive-date=24 June 2012}}</ref> The remaining 1% came from a [[Mongolia]]n mine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sg.news.yahoo.com/mongolia-goes-gold-london-medals-192955303--finance.html|title=Mongolia goes for gold with London medals - Yahoo! News Singapore|publisher=Sg.news.yahoo.com|date=18 July 2012|access-date=28 October 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024195417/http://sg.news.yahoo.com/mongolia-goes-gold-london-medals-192955303--finance.html|archive-date=24 October 2012}}</ref> Each medal weighs {{convert|375|–|400|g|oz|abbr=on}}, has a diameter of {{convert|85|mm|in|abbr=on}} and is {{convert|7|mm|in|abbr=on}} thick, with the sport and discipline engraved on the rim.<ref name=storage>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-18677289|work=BBC News|title=London 2012: Olympic medals locked in Tower|date=2 July 2012|access-date=4 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120704142244/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-18677289|archive-date=4 July 2012}}</ref> The obverse, as is traditional, features [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]], the Greek goddess of victory, stepping from the [[Panathinaiko Stadium]] that hosted the first modern Olympic Games in 1896, with Parthenon in the background; the reverse features the Games logo, the [[River Thames]] and a series of lines representing "the energy of athletes and a sense of pulling together".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14291544|work=BBC News|title=London 2012: Olympic medals timeline|date=26 July 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727171350/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14291544|archive-date=27 July 2011}}</ref> The medals were transferred to the Tower of London vaults on 2 July 2012 for storage.<ref name=storage/>
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| Each gold medal is 92.5 percent silver and 1.34 percent gold, with the remainder copper. The silver medal (which represents second place) is 92.5 percent silver, with the remainder copper. The bronze medal is made up of 97 percent copper, 2.5 percent zinc, and 0.5 per cent tin.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonydemarco/2012/07/26/a-closer-look-at-the-olympic-gold-medal/|work=Forbes|title=London's Olympic Gold Medal Worth The Most In The History Of The Games|date=26 July 2012|access-date=30 July 2012|first=Anthony|last=DeMarco|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729232146/http://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonydemarco/2012/07/26/a-closer-look-at-the-olympic-gold-medal/|archive-date=29 July 2012}}</ref> The value of the materials in the gold medal is about £410 (US$644), the silver about £210 (US$330), and the bronze about £3 (US$4.71) as of 30 July 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://olympics.yardbarker.com/blog/olympics/article/how_much_is_a_medal_actually_worth_not_as_much_as_youd_think/11334214|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731232433/http://olympics.yardbarker.com/blog/olympics/article/how_much_is_a_medal_actually_worth_not_as_much_as_youd_think/11334214|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 July 2012|work=Yardbarker.com|title=How much is a medal actually worth? Not as much as you'd think|date=30 July 2012}}</ref>
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| ===Torch relay===
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| {{main|2012 Summer Olympics torch relay}}
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| [[File:Olympic torch relay through Newport.jpg|thumb|right|The [[2012 Summer Olympics torch relay|torch relay]] in [[Newport, Isle of Wight]]]]
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| The Olympics torch relay ran from 19 May to 27 July 2012, before the Games. Plans for the relay were developed in 2010–11, with the torch-bearer selection process announced on 18 May 2011.<ref name="Torch relay">{{cite news|date=17 May 2011|title=London 2012 torch relay should focus on youth|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/8518637/London-2012-Olympics-torch-relay-should-focus-on-youth-says-Locog.html|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|access-date=17 May 2011|first=Jacquelin|last=Magnay|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521045410/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/8518637/London-2012-Olympics-torch-relay-should-focus-on-youth-says-Locog.html|archive-date=21 May 2011}}</ref> The torch was designed by [[Barber & Osgerby|Edward Barber and Jay Osgerby]].
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| On 18 May 2012 the [[Olympic flame]] arrived at [[RNAS Culdrose]] in [[Cornwall]] from Greece<ref name="Olympic Torch Dates">{{cite web|date=18 May 2011|title=The Olympic Torch Relay|url=http://www.london2012.com/olympic-torch-relay|publisher=[[LOCOG]]|access-date=18 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608061845/http://www.london2012.com/olympic-torch-relay|archive-date=8 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> on flight BA2012, operated by a [[British Airways]] [[Airbus A319]] named "Firefly".
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| The relay lasted 70 days, with 66 evening celebrations and six island visits, and involved some 8,000 people carrying the torch about {{convert|8000|mi|0|abbr=on}}, starting from [[Land's End]] in Cornwall.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13426353|work=BBC News|title=London 2012 Olympic torch relay route revealed|date=18 May 2011|access-date=18 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518081518/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13426353|archive-date=18 May 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> The torch had three days outside the United Kingdom when it visited the [[Isle of Man]] on 2 June, [[Dublin]] in Ireland, on 6 June,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2011/1208/breaking40.html|work=The Irish Times|agency=Reuters|location=Dublin|title=Dublin to host Olympic Torch|date=8 December 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211165912/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2011/1208/breaking40.html|archive-date=11 December 2011}}</ref> and both [[Guernsey]] and [[Jersey]] on 15 July.
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| The relay focused on National Heritage Sites, locations with sporting significance, key sporting events, schools registered with the Get Set School Network, green spaces and biodiversity, Live Sites (city locations with large screens), and festivals and other events.<ref>{{cite web|title=London Culture and 2012 Open Meeting |url=http://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/lcsg/docs/openmeetings/20091102/presentation3.pdf |publisher=Greater London Authority |access-date=19 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030062212/http://london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/lcsg/docs/openmeetings/20091102/presentation3.pdf |archive-date=30 October 2012 }}</ref> [[Dumfries and Galloway]] was the only Region in the whole of the United Kingdom that had the Olympic Torch pass through it twice. A group of young athletes, nominated by retired Olympic athletes, ran the torch around the stadium. These torchbearers were Callum Airlie, Jordan Duckitt, [[Desiree Henry]], Katie Kirk, Cameron MacRitchie, Aidan Reynolds, and [[Adelle Tracey]]. Together the torchbearers each lit a petal which spread the fire to the 204 petals of the [[2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics cauldron|cauldron]], representing the countries that participated in the Games.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Urquhart|first1=Conal|title=Olympic Torchbearers who lit cauldron kept it secret from parents.|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk|access-date=8 December 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=28 July 2012|first2=Lizzy|last2=Davies|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214064224/http://www.guardian.co.uk/|archive-date=14 February 2012}}</ref> The cauldron was designed by [[Thomas Heatherwick]].
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| ===Environmental policy===
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| The [[Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park|Olympic Park]] was planned to incorporate 45 hectares of wildlife habitat, with a total of 525 bird boxes and 150 bat boxes. Local waterways and riverbanks were enhanced as part of the process.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london2012.com/news/archive/2009-02/new-biodiversity-plan-sets-out-future-for-olympic-park-wildlife.php|title=New biodiversity plan sets out future for Olympic Park wildlife|work=London 2012|access-date=5 March 2009|date=27 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309051828/http://www.london2012.com/news/archive/2009-02/new-biodiversity-plan-sets-out-future-for-olympic-park-wildlife.php|archive-date=9 March 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> Renewable energy also featured at the Olympics. It was originally planned to provide 20% of the energy for the Olympic Park and Village from renewable technologies; however, this may now be as little as 9%.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-13034546|title=London 2012 Olympics 'to miss renewable energy target'|work=BBC News|access-date=7 June 2011|date=11 April 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528023613/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-13034546|archive-date=28 May 2011}}</ref>{{update inline|date=November 2017}} Proposals to meet the original target included large-scale on-site wind turbines and [[Hydroelectricity|hydroelectric generators]] in the River Thames. These plans were scrapped for safety reasons.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10234665|title=Olympic Games site wind turbine scrapped|work=BBC News|access-date=7 June 2011|date=4 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519213657/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10234665|archive-date=19 May 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> The focus subsequently moved to installing solar panels on some buildings, and providing the opportunity to recover energy from waste. Food packaging at the Olympics was made from compostable materials – like starch and cellulose-based [[bioplastics]] – where it cannot be reused or recycled. This included fast-food wrappers, sandwich boxes and drink cartons. After they had been used, many of these materials were suitable for [[anaerobic digestion]] (AD), allowing them to be made into renewable energy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nnfcc.co.uk/news/compostable-bioplastics-set-for-big-win-at-london-olympics|title=Compostable bioplastics set for big win at London Olympics|work=NNFCC|access-date=31 May 2011|date=31 May 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606000417/http://www.nnfcc.co.uk/news/compostable-bioplastics-set-for-big-win-at-london-olympics|archive-date=6 June 2011}}</ref>
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| Buildings like the [[Water Polo Arena]] were post-event relocated elsewhere. Building Parts like Roofing Covers and membranes of different temporary venues were be recycled via [[Vinyloop]]. This allowed organisers to meet the standards of the [[Olympic Delivery Authority]] concerning environmental protection. Through this recycling process, the Olympic Games PVC Policy was fulfilled. It says that
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| :Where London 2012 procures PVC for temporary usage or where permanent usage is not assured, London 2012 is required to ensure that there is a take-back scheme that offers a closed-loop reuse system or mechanical recycling system for [[post-consumer waste]].
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| "The majority of temporary facilities created for the Olympic Games including the [[London Aquatics Centre|Aquatic centre]] temporary stands, basketball arena, [[Water Polo Arena]], and the shooting facilities at the [[Royal Artillery Barracks]], are essentially big tents. Basically, PVC stretched over lightweight steel frame. This design solution makes them efficient to install, reduces the need for any significant foundations and are, of course, reusable. We were challenged by the public around the use of PVC; but we considered it to be the right material for certain functions. We therefore challenged the PVC supply chain to have certain environmental performance criteria in place, including a take back and recycle scheme" says Kirsten Henson, Materials Manager for the London 2012 Olympic Park.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.plasticseurope.org/information-centre/televised-newslinks.aspx |title=Televised Newslinks |publisher=PlasticsEurope |date=22 June 2012 |access-date=25 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308122835/http://www.plasticseurope.org/information-centre/televised-newslinks.aspx |archive-date=8 March 2013 }}</ref>
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| London 2012 inaugurated Olympic Games guidelines that included the recycling of PVC.<ref>{{cite web|title=London 2012 seeks sustainable solutions for temporary venues|url=http://www.london2012.com/news/articles/2009/5/london-2012-seeks-sustainable-solutions-for-temporary-ve-1243087.html|publisher=ODA|access-date=20 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120827113019/http://www.london2012.com/news/articles/2009/5/london-2012-seeks-sustainable-solutions-for-temporary-ve-1243087.html|archive-date=27 August 2012}}</ref>
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| ===Cultural Olympiad===
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| [[File:Tower Bridge Olympic Lighting, London - July 2012.jpg|thumb|right|Tower Bridge was illuminated with the Olympic Rings in the week leading up to the opening ceremony.]]
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| {{Main|2012 Cultural Olympiad}}
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| The [[Olympic Charter]], the set of rules and guidelines for the organization of the Olympic Games and for governing the Olympic Movement, states that
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| <blockquote>LOCOG shall organise a programme of cultural events which must cover at least the entire period during which the [[East Village, Stratford|Olympic Village]] is open.<ref>{{cite web|title=Olympic Charter|url=http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Olympic%20Charter/Charter_en_2010.pdf|publisher=International Olympic Committee|access-date=6 May 2011|page=80|date=11 February 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110505101457/http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Olympic%20Charter/Charter_en_2010.pdf|archive-date=5 May 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref></blockquote>
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| The Cultural Olympiad comprised many programmes, with over 500 events spread over four years across the whole of the United Kingdom, and culminating in the [[London 2012 Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Cultural Olympiad|url=http://www.london2012.com/cultural-olympiad|publisher=London 2012|access-date=27 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321172831/http://www.london2012.com/cultural-olympiad|archive-date=21 March 2012}}</ref><ref name="boat project">{{cite news|title=Cultural Olympiad 2012 reaches the critical masses|last=Brown|first=Mark|date=12 March 2012|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2012/mar/12/cultural-olympiad-2012-critical-masses|access-date=27 March 2012|location=London|work=The Guardian|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829180955/http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2012/mar/12/cultural-olympiad-2012-critical-masses|archive-date=29 August 2013}}</ref>
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| ===Opening ceremony===
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| {{main|2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony|2012 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations}}
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| [[File:2012 Olympics opening ceremony fireworks 1.jpg|thumb|Fireworks at the opening ceremony]]
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| The opening ceremony officially began at 9:00 pm British Summer Time (UTC+1) on 27 July in the Olympic Stadium and was called "Isles of Wonder".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.oup.com/2012/08/isles-of-wonder-bermuda-avalon-london-2012/|title=London 2012 Olympics opening ceremony called 'The Isles of Wonder'|date=27 January 2012|publisher=Olympics Medal Tally|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20120813181608/http://blog.oup.com/2012/08/isles-of-wonder-bermuda-avalon-london-2012/|archive-date=13 August 2012}}</ref> Oscar-winning director [[Danny Boyle]] was its artistic director, with music direction by [[Rick Smith (Underworld)|Rick Smith]] of [[Underworld (band)|Underworld]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Underworld announced as Music Directors for the opening ceremony of the 2012 London Olympic Games |url=http://www.underworldlive.com/news/underworld-announced-as-music-directors-for-the-opening-ceremony-of-the-2012-london-olympic-games |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121216134401/http://www.underworldlive.com/news/underworld-announced-as-music-directors-for-the-opening-ceremony-of-the-2012-london-olympic-games |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 December 2012 |date=n.d. |publisher=Underworld }}</ref>
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| The Games were officially opened by [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]], accompanied by [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19008471|title=Young athletes light London 2012 Olympic flame|work=BBC News|date=28 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728013818/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19008471|archive-date=28 July 2012}}</ref> It was the second Olympic Games opened personally by the Queen, the first being in [[1976 Summer Olympics|1976]] in [[Montreal]]. The ceremony included a short comic film starring [[Daniel Craig]] as secret agent [[portrayal of James Bond in film|James Bond]] and the Queen as herself,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/apr/02/london-2012-daniel-craig-olympics-bond|date=2 April 2012|title=London 2012: Daniel Craig to open Olympics as James Bond|work=The Guardian|location=London|access-date=2 April 2012|last=Child|first=Ben|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113193629/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/apr/02/london-2012-daniel-craig-olympics-bond|archive-date=13 November 2013}}</ref> and another starring [[Rowan Atkinson]] as [[Mr. Bean (character)|Mr. Bean]].
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| Live musical performers included [[Frank Turner]], [[Evelyn Glennie|Dame Evelyn Glennie]], [[Mike Oldfield]], the [[London Symphony Orchestra]], [[Dizzee Rascal]], [[Arctic Monkeys]], and [[Paul McCartney|Sir Paul McCartney]] who performed "[[Hey Jude]]" as the closing act.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/jun/06/paul-mccartney-london-olympics-ceremony|date=6 June 2012|title=Paul McCartney to close London Olympics opening ceremony|access-date=12 June 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|last=Martin|first=Dan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113193635/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/jun/06/paul-mccartney-london-olympics-ceremony|archive-date=13 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Michael|last1=Hirst|first2=Jenny|last2=Minard|first3=Christine|last3=Jeavans|title=London Olympic Games opening ceremony|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18906710|work=BBC Sport|date=27 July 2012|access-date=27 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727203543/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18906710|archive-date=27 July 2012}}</ref> The ceremony transmitted live on BBC One attracted a peak viewing audience of over 27 million in the UK.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.barb.co.uk/whats-new/weekly-top-30|title=Weekly Top 3 Programmes w/e 29 Jul 2012|work=BARB|date=10 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140919035351/http://www.barb.co.uk/whats-new/weekly-top-30|archive-date=19 September 2014}}</ref>
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| ===Closing ceremony===
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| {{main|2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony|2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony flag bearers}}
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| The closing ceremony was held on 12 August. It featured a flashback fiesta to [[Music of the United Kingdom|British music]] with [[The Who]] closing the performance. The ceremony also included a handover of the [[Olympic symbols#Seoul flag|Olympic flag]] by [[Boris Johnson]], [[Mayor of London]], to [[Eduardo Paes]], [[Mayor of Rio de Janeiro]], the host city of the [[2016 Summer Olympics]].<ref name=Closing>{{cite web|title=Closing Ceremony|url=http://www.london2012.com/spectators/ceremonies/closing-ceremony/|publisher=London 2012|access-date=20 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718061942/http://www.london2012.com/spectators/ceremonies/closing-ceremony/|archive-date=18 July 2012}}</ref>
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| ==The Games== | | ==The Games== |
| | Athletes from 204 National Olympic Countries took part.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/media?articleid=112731&articlenewsgroup=-1|date=13 January 2011|access-date=3 May 2011|title=Executive Board concludes first meeting of the new year|publisher=International Olympic Committee}}</ref> In addition, four individual athletes competed under the Olympic flag—one from [[South Sudan]] and three from the region of the former [[Netherlands Antilles]]<ref>[http://sports.ndtv.com/olympics-2012/features/item/195044-london-2012-refugee-runs-for-world-family-walk-50km-to-watch "London 2012: Refugee runs for world, family walk 50km to watch,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815172854/http://sports.ndtv.com/olympics-2012/features/item/195044-london-2012-refugee-runs-for-world-family-walk-50km-to-watch |date=2012-08-15 }} NDTV (New Delhi Television), 11 August 2012; retrieved 2012-8-16.</ref> |
|
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| ===Participating National Olympic Committees=== | | ===Participating nations=== |
| <!-- PLEASE READ: If you change any of the athlete numbers below without citing a source or without an explanatory edit summary, your changes will be reverted. Please take care, as the current information is all well-cited to the London 2012 website. --> | | Listed below are NOCs who have qualified at least one athlete. As of 7 June 2011, 101 nations have qualified at least one athlete. |
| | <!--spacing---> <!--Please do not add a nation until they have qualified at least one athlete--> |
| | {{multicol}} |
| | * {{flagicon|ALG}} [[Algeria]]<ref name=wsbfinals>{{cite web|title=World Series of Boxing - Results|url=http://www.worldseriesboxing.com/finals/individual-championships/results.aspx|date=28 May 2011|publisher=AIBA|access-date=28 May 2011}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
| | * {{flagicon|AND}} [[Andorra]]<ref name="iaaf">{{cite web|title=iaaf.org - Top Lists|url=http://www.iaaf.org/statistics/toplists/index.html|publisher=IAAF|access-date=4 June 2011}}</ref> |
| | * {{flagicon|ARG|2012 Summer|}} [[Argentina]]<ref name="issf">{{Cite web |url=http://www.issf-sports.org/results/og_qualification/quota_places/quota_places_by_nation_and_name.ashx |title=Quota places by NATION and Name |date= 8 March 2011 |publisher=ISSF |access-date= 19 March 2011}}</ref> |
| | * {{flagicon|AUS|2012 Summer|}} [[Australia]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|AUT|2012 Summer|}} [[Austria]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|BAH|2012 Summer|}} [[Bahamas]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|BLR|2012 Summer|}} [[Belarus]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|BEL|2012 Summer|}} [[Belgium]]<ref name="equestrian">{{Cite web |url=http://www.horsesport.org/events/games/olympic-games/press-releases/london-2012-olympic-places-announced-following-alltech-fei |title=LONDON 2012 OLYMPIC PLACES ANNOUNCED FOLLOWING ALLTECH FEI WORLD EQUESTRIAN GAMES |date=14 October 2010 |publisher=FEI |access-date=19 March 2011 |archive-date=7 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507073301/http://www.horsesport.org/events/games/olympic-games/press-releases/london-2012-olympic-places-announced-following-alltech-fei |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
| | * {{flagicon|BIH|2012 Summer|}} [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|BRA|2012 Summer|}} [[Brazil]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|BUL|2012 Summer|}} [[Bulgaria]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|CAN|2012 Summer|}} [[Canada]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|CAY|2012 Summer|}} [[Cayman Islands]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|CHI|2012 Summer|}} [[Chile]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|CHN|2012 Summer|}} [[China]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|COL|2012 Summer|}} [[Colombia]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/newsid=1339135/index.html |title=Brazil reign again, Colombia make history |date=22 November 2010 |publisher=FIFA |access-date=19 March 2011 |archive-date=12 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110212002520/http://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/newsid=1339135/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
| | * {{flagicon|COD|2012 Summer|}} [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DR Congo]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|CIV|2012 Summer|}} [[Côte d'Ivoire]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|CRO|2012 Summer|}} [[Croatia]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|CUB|2012 Summer|}} [[Cuba]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|CYP|2012 Summer|}} [[Cyprus]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|CZE|2012 Summer|}} [[Czech Republic]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|DEN|2012 Summer|}} [[Denmark]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|DOM|2012 Summer|}} [[Dominican Republic]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|ECU|2012 Summer|}} [[Ecuador]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|EGY|2012 Summer|}} [[Egypt]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|ERI|2012 Summer|}} [[Eritrea]]<ref name="cycling">{{Cite web|url=http://nazret.com/blog/index.php/2010/11/14/eritrea-s-daniel-teklehaimanot-wins-3rd-african-title-in-cycling-ethiopia-finished-third|title=Eritrea's Daniel Teklehaimanot wins 3rd African Title in Cycling; Ethiopia finished third|date=15 January 2010|publisher=nazret.com|access-date=19 March 2011|archive-date=24 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124175308/http://nazret.com/blog/index.php/2010/11/14/eritrea-s-daniel-teklehaimanot-wins-3rd-african-title-in-cycling-ethiopia-finished-third|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
| | * {{flagicon|ETH|2012 Summer|}} [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|EST|2012 Summer|}} [[Estonia]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|FIN|2012 Summer|}} [[Finland]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|FRA|2012 Summer|}} [[France]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|GEO|2012 Summer|}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|GER|2012 Summer|}} [[Germany]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|GHA|2012 Summer|}} [[Ghana]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | {{Col-break}} |
| | * {{flagicon|GBR|2012 Summer|}} [[Great Britain]]<ref name="issf"/> '''(Host)''' |
| | * {{flagicon|GRE|2012 Summer|}} [[Greece]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|GRN|2012 Summer|}} [[Grenada]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|GUA|2012 Summer|}} [[Guatemala]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|HAI|2012 Summer|}} [[Haiti]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|HKG|2012 Summer|}} [[Hong Kong]]<ref name="tabletennis">{{cite web|title=Direct Qualifiers for 2012 London Olympic Games - Provisional list|url=http://www.ittf.com/World_Events/2012OG/Players_byWR_OG2012.pdf|publisher=International Table Tennis Federation|access-date=17 May 2011|archive-date=9 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809193041/http://www.ittf.com/World_Events/2012OG/Players_byWR_OG2012.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
| | * {{flagicon|HUN|2012 Summer|}} [[Hungary]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|IND|2012 Summer|}} [[India]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|IRI|2012 Summer|}} [[Iran]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|IRL|2012 Summer|}} [[Ireland]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|ISR|2012 Summer|}} [[Israel]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|ITA|2012 Summer|}} [[Italy]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|JAM|2012 Summer|}} [[Jamaica]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|JPN|2012 Summer|}} [[Japan]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|KAZ|2012 Summer|}} [[Kazakhstan]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|KEN|2012 Summer|}} [[Kenya]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|PRK|2012 Summer|}} [[North Korea]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|KOR|2012 Summer|}} [[South Korea]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|KUW|2012 Summer|}} [[Kuwait]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|LAT|2012 Summer|}} [[Latvia]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|LBA|2012 Summer|}} [[Libya]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|LTU|2012 Summer|}} [[Lithuania]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Tarptautinė lengvosios atletikos federacija paskelbė Londono olimpiados normatyvus|url=http://sportas.delfi.lt/national/tarptautine-lengvosios-atletikos-federacija-paskelbe-londono-olimpiados-normatyvus.d?id=44455205|access-date=25 May 2011|language=lt}}</ref> |
| | * {{flagicon|LUX|2012 Summer|}} [[Luxembourg]]<ref name="tabletennis"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|MLT|2012 Summer|}} [[Malta]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|MEX|2012 Summer|}} [[Mexico]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|MDA|2012 Summer|}} [[Moldova]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|MGL|2012 Summer|}} [[Mongolia]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|MAR|2012 Summer|}} [[Morocco]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|NAM|2012 Summer|}} [[Namibia]]<ref name="cycling"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|NED|2012 Summer|}} [[Netherlands]]<ref name="equestrian"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|NZL|2012 Summer|}} [[New Zealand]]<ref name="equestrian"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|NGR|2012 Summer|}} [[Nigeria]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|NOR|2012 Summer|}} [[Norway]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|PAK|2012 Summer|}} [[Pakistan]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Pakistan seal London 2012 berth with Asian Games triumph|url=http://www.fihockey.org/vsite/vcontent/content/transnews/0,10869,1181-144740-19728-15688-311577-15058-5039-layout169-161956-news-item,00.html|publisher=International Hockey Federation|access-date=25 May 2011|date=25 November 2010|archive-date=13 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213091147/http://www.fihockey.org/vsite/vcontent/content/transnews/0,10869,1181-144740-19728-15688-311577-15058-5039-layout169-161956-news-item,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
| | {{Col-break}} |
| | * {{flagicon|PAN|2012 Summer|}} [[Panama]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|PER|2012 Summer|}} [[Peru]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|POL|2012 Summer|}} [[Poland]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|POR|2012 Summer|}} [[Portugal]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|PUR|2012 Summer|}} [[Puerto Rico]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|QAT|2012 Summer|}} [[Qatar]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|ROU|2012 Summer|}} [[Romania]]<ref name="tabletennis"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|RUS|2012 Summer|}} [[Russia]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|SKN|2012 Summer|}} [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|SMR|2012 Summer|}} [[San Marino]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|KSA|2012 Summer|}} [[Saudi Arabia]]<ref name="equestrian"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|SRB|2012 Summer|}} [[Serbia]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|SIN|2012 Summer|}} [[Singapore]]<ref name="tabletennis"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|SVK|2012 Summer|}} [[Slovakia]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|SLO|2012 Summer|}} [[Slovenia]]<ref name="tabletennis"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|RSA|2012 Summer|}} [[South Africa]]<ref name="cycling"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|Sri Lanka|2012 Summer|}} [[Sri Lanka]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|ESP|2012 Summer|}} [[Spain]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|SUD|2012 Summer|}} [[Sudan]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|SWE|2012 Summer|}} [[Sweden]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Quota places for 2012 Olympic Games London|url=http://torino2011.len.eu/files/2011-03-13-winners-medals.pdf|publisher=European Aquatics|access-date=25 May 2011|archive-date=2012-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320222511/http://torino2011.len.eu/files/2011-03-13-winners-medals.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
| | * {{flagicon|SUI|2012 Summer|}} [[Switzerland]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|TPE|2012 Summer|}} [[Chinese Taipei]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|TJK|2012 Summer|}} [[Tajikistan]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|TAN|2012 Summer|}} [[Tanzania]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|THA|2012 Summer|}} [[Thailand]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|TRI|2012 Summer|}} [[Trinidad and Tobago]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|TUR|2012 Summer|}} [[Turkey]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|UGA|2012 Summer|}} [[Uganda]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|UKR|2012 Summer|}} [[Ukraine]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|USA|2012 Summer|}} [[United States]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|URU|2012 Summer|}} [[Uruguay]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Brazil hit heights once more|url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/news/newsid=1382702/index.html|publisher=FIFA|access-date=25 May 2011|date=14 February 2011|archive-date=17 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217225729/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/news/newsid=1382702/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
| | * {{flagicon|UZB|2012 Summer|}} [[Uzbekistan]]<ref name="issf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|VIE|2012 Summer|}} [[Vietnam]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Phuoc qualifies for London 2012|url=http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/Sports/211373/Phuoc-qualifies-for-London-2012-.html|access-date=25 May 2011|newspaper=Viet Nam News|date=17 May 2011}}</ref> |
| | * {{flagicon|ZAM|2012 Summer|}} [[Zambia]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
| | * {{flagicon|ZIM|2012 Summer|}} [[Zimbabwe]]<ref name="iaaf"/> |
|
| |
|
| [[File:2012 Summer olympics team numbers.svg|thumb|center|upright=2.8|Number of participating athletes by country
| | {{Col-end}} |
| {| | |
| |{{legend|#540000|{{nowrap|300+}}}}
| |
| |{{legend|#F90000|{{nowrap|100–299}}}}
| |
| |{{legend|#F7931D|{{nowrap|30–99}}}}
| |
| |{{legend|#FFE600|{{nowrap|10–29}}}}
| |
| |{{legend|#00BB05|{{nowrap|4–9}}}}
| |
| |{{legend|#0093F7|{{nowrap|1–3}}}}
| |
| |}]]
| |
| [[File:2012 Summer Olympic games countries.svg|thumb|center|upright=2.8|Participating countries:<br /><span style="color:#00ff7f;">Green</span> = Had previously participated; <span style="color:#707070;">Grey</span> = Participating for first time; Yellow circle is host city ([[London]])]]
| |
|
| |
|
| Around 10,700 athletes from 204 [[National Olympic Committee]]s (NOCs) took part,<ref name=athletecount>{{Cite news|title=Olympics – Countries|quote=From the 27th of July 2012 – 204 countries will send more than 10,000 athletes to compete in 300 events|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/2012/countries|work=BBC Sport|access-date=19 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718221053/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/2012/countries|archive-date=18 July 2012}}</ref> (85 countries acquired at least one medal: gold, silver or bronze)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london2012.com/medals/medal-count/ |title=London 2012 Medal count |website=London2012.com |access-date=17 July 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120918203441/www.london2012.com/medals/medal-count/ |archive-date=18 September 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> surpassing the [[1948 Summer Olympics]] in London and the [[2002 Commonwealth Games]] in [[Manchester]] as the largest multi-sport event ever to be held in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=City of Manchester Stadium: The Wembley rescuers|last=Hubbard|first=Alan|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/city-of-manchester-stadium-the-wembley-rescuers-1132001.html|newspaper=The Independent|date=12 December 1999|access-date=13 July 2012|location=London|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109231106/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/city-of-manchester-stadium-the-wembley-rescuers-1132001.html|archive-date=9 November 2012}}</ref>
| | === Medal table === |
| | | {{main|2012 Summer Olympics medal table}} |
| Three athletes from the [[Netherlands Antilles Olympic Committee]], which the IOC Executive Committee had ceased to recognise at the [[123rd IOC Session|IOC session of July 2011]], and one athlete from [[South Sudan]] which had no recognized NOC until [[South Sudan at the Olympics|2015]], [[Independent Olympic Athletes at the 2012 Summer Olympics|participated independently]] under the Olympic flag.<ref name="AHO">{{cite web|title=Curtain comes down on 123rd IOC Session|url=http://www.olympic.org/ioc?articlenewsgroup=-1&articleid=133159|publisher=IOC|access-date=11 July 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606195922/http://www.olympic.org/ioc?articlenewsgroup=-1&articleid=133159|archive-date=6 June 2014}}</ref>
| |
| {{2012 Summer Olympics Participating National Olympic Committees}}
| |
| | |
| ====National houses====
| |
| [[File:2012 Holland Heinken House.jpg|thumb|The [[2012 Holland Heineken House|Holland Heineken House]], the Dutch home in [[Alexandra Palace]].]]
| |
| During the Games, some countries and continents had a "national house". These temporary meeting places for supporters, athletes and other followers were located throughout London.<ref name="nationalhouses">{{cite web|title=2012 Olympic Country Houses |url=http://www.londonprepares.com/olympic-national-pavilions |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214232552/http://www.londonprepares.com/olympic-national-pavilions |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 February 2012 |publisher=London Prepares |access-date=10 May 2013 }}</ref>
| |
| {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable"
| |
| |-
| |
| !Nation !! Location !! Name
| |
| |-
| |
| | African nations || [[Kensington Gardens]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Austria || [[Trinity House]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Belgium || [[Inner Temple]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Brazil || [[Somerset House]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Czech Republic || [[Business Design Centre]] in [[Islington]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Denmark || [[St Katherine Docks]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | France|| [[Old Billingsgate Market|Old Billingsgate]] || Club France
| |
| |-
| |
| | Germany|| [[Museum of London Docklands]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Ireland|| [[The Big Chill House]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Italy || [[Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Japan || [[London County Hall]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Jamaica || [[The O2]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Kenya || East Thames in Stratford
| |
| |-
| |
| | Korea || [[Royal Thames Yacht Club]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Monaco|| [[Haymarket, London|Haymarket]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Netherlands || [[Alexandra Palace]] || [[2012 Holland Heineken House|Holland Heineken House]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | New Zealand || [[Granary Square]], Kings Cross || Kiwi House
| |
| |-
| |
| | Nigeria || [[Theatre Royal Stratford East]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Russia || [[Perks Field]], [[Kensington Palace]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Slovakia || 80 Haymarket
| |
| |-
| |
| | South Africa || [[Queen Elizabeth Hall]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | South Pacific || [[St Katharine Docks]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Switzerland || [[Worshipful Company of Glaziers and Painters of Glass|Glazier's Hall]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Trinidad & Tobago || [[Tricycle Theatre]]
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| ===Sports=== | | ===Sports=== |
| The 2012 Summer Olympics featured 26 different sports encompassing 39 disciplines and 302 events. In the list below, the number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. | | The 2012 Summer Olympics event has 26 sports. |
| | The International Olympic Committee executive board met on 13 August 2009 and approved the addition of women's boxing. The [[International Boxing Federation]] proposed that 40 athletes compete in five different weight classes.<ref>{{Cite news|title=IOC backs golf, rugby for 2016 Olympics; women's boxing for 2012 |publisher=CTV Olympics|url=http://www.ctvolympics.ca/news-centre/newsid=14036.html?cid=rsstsn|last=Wilson|first=Stephen|date=13 August 2009|access-date=13 August 2009|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| !2012 Summer Olympics Sports Programme
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| {{Col-begin}} | | {{Col-begin}} |
| {{Col-1-of-4}} | | {{Col-1-of-4}} |
| *Aquatics | | * [[Aquatics]] |
| **{{GamesSport|Diving|Events=8|Format=d}} | | ** {{OlympicEvent|Diving|2012 Summer|number=8}} |
| **{{GamesSport|Swimming|Events=34|Format=d}} | | ** {{OlympicEvent|Swimming|2012 Summer|number=34}} |
| **{{GamesSport|Synchronized swimming|Events=2|Format=d}} | | ** {{OlympicEvent|Synchronized swimming|2012 Summer|number=2}} |
| **{{GamesSport|Water polo|Events=2|Format=d}} | | ** {{OlympicEvent|Water polo|2012 Summer|number=2}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Archery|Events=4|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Archery|2012 Summer|number=4}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Athletics|Events=47|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Athletics|2012 Summer|number=47}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Badminton|Events=5|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Badminton|2012 Summer|number=5}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Basketball|Events=2|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Basketball|2012 Summer|number=2}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Boxing|Events=13|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Boxing|2012 Summer|number=13}} |
| {{Col-2-of-4}} | | {{Col-2-of-4}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Canoeing|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Canoeing|2012 Summer}} |
| **Sprint <small>(12)</small> | | ** Sprint (12) |
| **Slalom <small>(4)</small> | | ** Slalom (4) |
| *{{GamesSport|Cycling|Format=d|Competitors=List of cyclists}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Cycling|2012 Summer}} |
| **BMX <small>(2)</small> | | ** BMX (2) |
| **Mountain biking <small>(2)</small> | | ** Mountain biking (2) |
| **Road <small>(4)</small> | | ** Road (4) |
| **Track <small>(10)</small> | | ** Track (10) |
| *{{GamesSport|Equestrian|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Equestrian|2012 Summer}} |
| **Dressage <small>(2)</small> | | ** Dressage (2) |
| **Eventing <small>(2)</small> | | ** Eventing (2) |
| **Jumping <small>(2)</small> | | ** Jumping (2) |
| {{Col-2-of-4}} | | {{Col-2-of-4}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Fencing|Events=10|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Fencing|2012 Summer|number=10}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Field hockey|Events=2|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Field hockey|2012 Summer|number=2}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Football|Events=2|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Football|2012 Summer|number=2}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Gymnastics|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Gymnastics|2012 Summer}} |
| **Artistic <small>(14)</small> | | ** Artistic (14) |
| **Rhythmic <small>(2)</small> | | ** Rhythmic (2) |
| **Trampoline <small>(2)</small> | | ** Trampoline (2) |
| *{{GamesSport|Handball|Events=2|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Handball|2012 Summer|number=2}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Judo|Events=14|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Judo|2012 Summer|number=14}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Modern pentathlon|Events=2|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Modern pentathlon|2012 Summer|number=2}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Rowing|Events=14|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Rowing|2012 Summer|number=14}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Sailing|Events=10|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Sailing|2012 Summer|number=10}} |
| {{Col-3-of-4}} | | {{Col-3-of-4}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Shooting|Events=15|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Shooting|2012 Summer|number=15}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Table tennis|Events=4|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Table tennis|2012 Summer|number=4}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Taekwondo|Events=8|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Taekwondo|2012 Summer|number=8}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Tennis|Events=5|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Tennis|2012 Summer|number=5}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Triathlon|Events=2|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Triathlon|2012 Summer|number=2}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Volleyball|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Volleyball|2012 Summer}} |
| **Volleyball <small>(2)</small> | | ** Volleyball (2) |
| **Beach volleyball <small>(2)</small> | | ** Beach volleyball (2) |
| *{{GamesSport|Weightlifting|Events=15|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Weightlifting|2012 Summer|number=15}} |
| *{{GamesSport|Wrestling|Format=d}} | | * {{OlympicEvent|Wrestling|2012 Summer}} |
| **Freestyle <small>(11)</small> | | ** Freestyle (11) |
| **Greco-Roman <small>(7)</small> | | ** Greco-Roman (7) |
| {{col-end}} | | {{col-end}} |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| Women's boxing was included in the programme for the first time, and 36 women competed in three weight classes. There was a [[Gun politics in the United Kingdom#The 2012 Olympics|special dispensation]] for the shooting events, which would otherwise have been illegal under [[Firearms (Amendment) (No. 2) Act 1997|UK gun law]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Fraser|first=Andrew|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/olympics_2012/4162498.stm|title=Shooters seek handgun law change|date=19 August 2005|work=BBC News|access-date=30 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728033926/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/olympics_2012/4162498.stm|archive-date=28 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=oly&id=3478179|title=British government relaxes gun laws on sport ahead of 2012 Olympics|date=8 July 2008|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=30 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729225442/http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=oly&id=3478179|archive-date=29 July 2013}}</ref> In tennis, mixed doubles returned to the Olympic programme for the first time since 1924.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcolympics.com/tennis/event/mixed-doubles/index.html |title=Tennis: Mixed Doubles preview |website=NBCOlympics.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718215159/http://www.nbcolympics.com/tennis/event/mixed-doubles/index.html |archive-date=18 July 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| |
|
| |
| London's bid featured the same 28 sports that had been included in other recent Summer Olympics, but the IOC voted to drop [[baseball]] and [[softball]] from the 2012 Games just two days after London had been selected as the host city. There was an appeal, but the IOC voted to uphold the decision, and the two sports were scheduled to be discontinued after their last appearance at the [[2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Olympics]].<ref name=SportsDropped>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2005-07-08-baseball-softball-dropped_x.htm|title=Baseball, softball bumped from Olympics|first=Vicki|last=Michaelis|access-date=17 August 2008|date=8 July 2005|work=USA Today|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709024822/http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2005-07-08-baseball-softball-dropped_x.htm|archive-date=9 July 2008}}</ref> The IOC then voted on whether or not to replace them; [[karate]], [[squash (sport)|squash]], [[golf]], [[roller sports]] and [[rugby sevens]] were considered. Karate and squash were the two final nominees, but neither received enough votes to reach the required two-thirds majority.<ref name=SportsDropped/>
| |
|
| |
| Although formal [[demonstration sport]]s were eliminated after the 1992 Summer Olympics,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/innovations_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1996|title=International Olympic Committee – Olympic Games|publisher=Olympic.org|access-date=12 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912061938/http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/innovations_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1996|archive-date=12 September 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> special tournaments for non-Olympic sports can be run during the Games, such as the [[Wushu Tournament Beijing 2008|Wushu tournament]] at the 2008 Summer Olympics.<ref name="islondon">{{cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/london-legislator-heads-for-beijing-wants-cricket-in-2012-olympics_10080420.html|title=London legislator heads for Beijing, wants cricket in 2012 Olympics|publisher=Thaindian News|first=Dipankar |last=De Sarkar|access-date=20 August 2008|date=6 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080815225429/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/london-legislator-heads-for-beijing-wants-cricket-in-2012-olympics_10080420.html|archive-date=15 August 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> There were attempts to run [[Twenty20 cricket]]<ref name="islondon"/> and [[netball]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/35597/Gordon-Brown-backs-Olympic-netball|title=Gordon Brown backs Olympic netball|work=Daily Express|location=UK|access-date=10 September 2008|date=20 February 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20080928201036/http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/35597/Gordon-Brown-backs-Olympic-netball|archive-date=28 September 2008}}</ref> tournaments alongside the 2012 Games, but neither campaign was successful.
| |
|
| |
| ===Calendar===
| |
| :''All times are in [[British Summer Time]] ([[UTC+1]])''
| |
| {{see also|Chronological summary of the 2012 Summer Olympics}}
| |
| The final official schedule was released on 15 February 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=London 2012 Olympic Games schedule released|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/london_2012/9397378.stm|access-date=25 May 2011|date=15 February 2011|work=BBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012033641/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/london_2012/9397378.stm |archive-date=12 October 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| |
| {{2012 Summer Olympics calendar}}
| |
|
| |
| ===Records===
| |
| [[File:Mo Farah and Usain Bolt 2012 Olympics (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|[[Mo Farah]] (left) with [[Usain Bolt]] (right), demonstrating one another's famous gestures (the "Lightning Bolt" and "Mobot")]]
| |
| {{main|World and Olympic records set at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}
| |
| These Olympic Games resulted in 32 world records in eight sports. The largest number of records were set in swimming, at eight. China, Great Britain and the United States set the most records, at five each.
| |
|
| |
| ===Medal table===
| |
| {{Main|2012 Summer Olympics medal table}}
| |
| {{Further|List of 2012 Summer Olympics medal winners}}
| |
| A total of 85 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) won medals, 54 of those countries winning at least one gold medal. [[Bahrain at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Bahrain]],<ref>{{cite news |first=Karen |last=Crouse |title=Kenyan Reclaims 5,000-Meter Title From Countrywoman and Rival |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/11/sports/olympics/defar-reclaims-5000-meter-olympic-title-from-kenyan-rival.html?_r=1 |work=The New York Times |date=10 August 2012 |access-date=10 August 2012}}</ref> [[Botswana at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Botswana]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Kenya's Rudisha Storms to Gold in 800 meters |url=http://en.ria.ru/sports/20120809/175104418.html |work=RIA Novosti |date=9 August 2012 |access-date=9 August 2012 |archive-date=13 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113185321/http://en.ria.ru/sports/20120809/175104418.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Cyprus at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Cyprus]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Eyes on London: Coe hears final lap bell, UK elated over golds, Cyprus gets first medal |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/eyes-on-london-coe-hears-final-lap-bell-uk-elated-over-golds-cyprus-gets-first-medal/2012/08/05/3d950ae4-def9-11e1-8d48-2b1243f34c85_story.html |work=The Washington Post |agency=Associated Press |date=5 August 2012 |access-date=6 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211171626/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/eyes-on-london-coe-hears-final-lap-bell-uk-elated-over-golds-cyprus-gets-first-medal/2012/08/05/3d950ae4-def9-11e1-8d48-2b1243f34c85_story.html |archive-date=11 December 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Gabon at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Gabon]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Molfetta wins Olympic gold in men's plus-80K|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20120811/oly-tae-men-s-over-80k/|access-date=11 August 2012|work=Huffington Post|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610054353/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20120811/oly-tae-men-s-over-80k/|archive-date=10 June 2013}}</ref> [[Grenada at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Grenada]] (a gold medal),<ref>{{cite news |title=Grenada's Kirani James wins Olympic 400m gold |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18909277 |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=6 August 2012 |access-date=9 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120809003248/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18909277 |archive-date=9 August 2012 }}</ref> [[Guatemala at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Guatemala]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Chen wins Olympic {{convert|20|km|0|abbr=on}} walk, history for Guatemala |url=http://asia.eurosport.com/athletics/olympic-games-london/2012/chen-wins-20km-walk_sto3375063/story-london.shtml |work=Eurosport Asia |date=4 August 2012 |access-date=4 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806182827/http://asia.eurosport.com/athletics/olympic-games-london/2012/chen-wins-20km-walk_sto3375063/story-london.shtml |archive-date=6 August 2012 }}</ref> and [[Montenegro at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Montenegro]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Olympics handball: Norway beat Montenegro to women's gold |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18912978 |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=11 August 2012 |access-date=11 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812083720/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18912978 |archive-date=12 August 2012 }}</ref> won their first ever Olympic medals. The [[United States at the 2012 Summer Olympics|United States]] finished at the top of the table winning 46 gold medals, and a total of 104 medals. [[China at the 2012 Summer Olympics|China]] finished second with 38 gold medals and 88 medals overall and hosts [[Great Britain at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Great Britain]] came in third place winning 29 gold medals and 65 medals overall in their best performance since London hosted its first Summer Olympics in [[1908 Summer Olympics|1908]], pushing [[Russia at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Russia]], who won 20 gold medals and 68 overall medals, into fourth place.
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| {{:2012 Summer Olympics medal table}}
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| ;Key
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| {{Color box|#ccccff| <nowiki>*</nowiki> |border=darkgray}} Host nation (Great Britain)
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| {{Color box|#ffffff| <nowiki>‡</nowiki> |border=darkgray}} See [[2012 Summer Olympics medal table|subpage]]: Changes in medal standings
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|
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| ===Podium sweeps===
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| !Date
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| !Sport
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| !Event
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| !NOC
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| !Gold
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| !Silver
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| !Bronze
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| |-
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| |28 July
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| |[[Fencing at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Fencing]]
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| |[[Fencing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's foil|Women's foil]]
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| |{{flagIOC|ITA|2012 Summer}}
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| |[[Elisa Di Francisca]]
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| |[[Arianna Errigo]]
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| |[[Valentina Vezzali]]
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| |-
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| |9 August
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| |[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Athletics]]
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| |[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metres|Men's 200 metres]]
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| |{{flagIOC|JAM|2012 Summer}}
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| |[[Usain Bolt]]
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| |[[Yohan Blake]]
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| |[[Warren Weir]]
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| |}
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|
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| ==Broadcasting==
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| {{Main|List of 2012 Summer Olympics broadcasters}}
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| [[File:International Broadcast Centre, 14 June 2011 cropped.jpg|thumb|right|The [[London Olympics Media Centre|International Broadcast Centre]] in June 2011]]
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| The host broadcaster was [[Olympic Broadcasting Services]] (OBS), an agency of the IOC. The OBS used its own cameras and crews subcontracted from other Olympic broadcasters to cover the events. The base video and audio were sold to other broadcasters, who added their own [[Sports commentary|commentary]] and presentation.
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| The official recording format of the 2012 Summer Olympics used [[Panasonic]]'s digital technologies. The official video was produced and distributed from the [[London Olympics Media Centre|International Broadcast Centre]] in 1080/50i High-Definition (HD) format. Panasonic announced that DVCPRO HD would be the official recording format. OBS London used [[P2 (storage media)|P2]] HD shoulder-mount camcorders.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Panasonic Announces 3D P2 HD Shoulder-Mount Camcorder ... for London 2012 Olympic Games|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110410005065/en/Panasonic-Announces-3D-P2-HD-Shoulder-Mount-Camcorder|publisher=Panasonic|access-date=25 May 2011|date=10 April 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414131953/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110410005065/en/Panasonic-Announces-3D-P2-HD-Shoulder-Mount-Camcorder|archive-date=14 April 2011}}</ref>
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| The IOC wanted television coverage to reach as broad a worldwide audience as possible, and several national and regional broadcasters covered London 2012. In the UK, the [[BBC]] carried the Olympics and [[Channel 4]] the Paralympics. The BBC aimed to broadcast all 5,000 hours of the Games.<ref name="Roger Mosey Blog">{{cite web|date=29 September 2010|title=Roger Mosey's Blog|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/rogermosey/2010/06/highlighting_an_issue.html|publisher=BBC|access-date=29 September 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703005322/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/rogermosey/2010/06/highlighting_an_issue.html|archive-date=3 July 2010}}</ref> [[BBC Parliament]]'s [[Freeview (UK)|Freeview]] channel was suspended, [[BBC Three]]'s on-air time was extended so that it could show Olympic events in the daytime, and 24 additional BBC Olympics channels were available via cable, satellite and the internet in the UK.
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| The US television rights, owned by [[NBC]], accounted for over half the rights revenue for the IOC.<ref name="Business of Sports" group=book>{{cite book|last1=Rosner|first1=Scott|last2=Shropshire|first2=Kenneth L.|title=The Business of Sports|year=2010|publisher=Jones & Bartlett|location=Sudbury, MA|isbn=9780763780784|page=453|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-owSi55tLZAC&pg=PA453|access-date=12 October 2015|archive-date=11 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111234444/https://books.google.com/books?id=-owSi55tLZAC&pg=PA453|url-status=live}}</ref> Thousands of Americans, however, accessed the BBC's omnibus coverage using [[proxy server]]s or [[VPN]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/368766/20120731/viewers-using-proxy-watch-olympics-bbc.htm |title=US Sports Fans Using Proxy Servers to Watch Olympics on BBC |last=Gilbert |first=David |date=31 July 2012 |work=[[International Business Times|IBTimes UK]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915154225/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/368766/20120731/viewers-using-proxy-watch-olympics-bbc.htm |archive-date=15 September 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Despite high viewership, many viewers were disappointed with NBC's coverage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/sports/july-dec12/olympics2_07-31.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121193734/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/sports/july-dec12/olympics2_07-31.html|url-status=dead|title=Social Media Users Express Disappointment with NBC's Olympics Coverage|archive-date=21 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/08/01/complaints-about-nbc-s-olympics-snafus-rival-record-number-of-viewers.html|title=Complaints About NBC's Olympics Snafus Rival Record Number of Viewers|work=The Daily Beast|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530093744/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/08/01/complaints-about-nbc-s-olympics-snafus-rival-record-number-of-viewers.html|archive-date=30 May 2013}}</ref> The operations of broadcasters granted rights to the Games were hosted in the dedicated International Broadcast Centre inside the security cordon of the Olympic Park. YouTube planned to stream the Games in 64 territories in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa where there were no official broadcasters.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://support.google.com/youtube/bin/static.py?hl=en&guide=2675200&page=guide.cs |title=2012 Olympics on YouTube – YouTube Help |access-date=25 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509114121/https://support.google.com/youtube/bin/static.py?hl=en&guide=2675200&page=guide.cs |archive-date=9 May 2013 }}</ref>
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| In [[Sri Lanka]] a dispute occurred between [[Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation|Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation (SLRC)]] and [[MTV Channel|MBC Networks (MTV/MBC)]] as to who was the official broadcaster of the Games. This problem was caused as [[Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union|Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU)]] had offered the official broadcasting rights to both networks, as both of the networks were ABU members. So SLRC filed a case against MBC Networks for broadcasting rights at the Colombo Magistrate's Court. Considering the case, the court issued a special court order preventing MBC Networks' Olympic broadcast and stated that SLRC should be the sole broadcaster.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adaderana.lk/news.php?nid=18124 |title=Olympic broadcasting rights only to Rupavahini |date=17 May 2012 |website=[[Ada Derana|AdaDerana.lk]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630031020/http://www.adaderana.lk/news.php?nid=18124 |archive-date=30 June 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> However, when the Games started, both networks broadcast most of the events simultaneously. Another dispute had previously occurred between [[Carlton Sports Network|Carlton Sports Network (CSN)]] and SLRC, but the Sports Minister, Mahindananda Aluthgamage, had stated that SLRC had the exclusive rights.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/sinhala/news/story/2012/03/120319_csn_rupavahini_olympics.shtml|title=BBCSinhala.com - Sandeshaya - Olympic rights 'will not be transferred'|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111234445/http://www.bbc.com/sinhala/news/story/2012/03/120319_csn_rupavahini_olympics.shtml|archive-date=11 January 2016}}</ref>
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| ===Olympic Golden Rings Awards===
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| In November 2012, the IOC announced the winners of the Golden Ring Awards for the best broadcast coverage of the Games. Best Olympic Sports Production was awarded to the sailing, produced by Christopher Lincoln, Gary Milkis, and Ursula Romero. The production for the canoe/kayak slalom and the rowing/canoe sprint came second and third respectively. The award for Best On Air Promotion went to [[NBC Olympics|NBC]] with Foxtel and ZDF finishing second and third. NBC Olympics also won the Best Olympic Feature category, as [[Sky Italia]] came second and ZDF third. The Best Athlete Profile award went to [[RecordTV|TV Record]]'s profile of [[Sarah Menezes]], NBC came second with their profile of [[David Rudisha]], and [[ESPN (Latin America)|ESPN Latin America]] took third place with a profile of [[Miguel Correa]] and [[Ruben Rezola]]. The award for Best Olympic Programme went to NBC, host broadcasters the BBC took second place for Super Saturday (the middle Saturday of the Games), and third place was claimed by the [[Nine Network]] for their live coverage of Day 16 of the Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-honours-broadcasters-for-london-2012-coverage|date=30 November 2012|work=IOC|title=IOC honours broadcasters for London 2012 coverage|access-date=12 January 2019|archive-date=15 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210315174921/https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-honours-broadcasters-for-london-2012-coverage|url-status=live}}</ref>
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| ==Marketing==
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| {{main|2012 Summer Olympics marketing}}
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| "[[Survival (Muse song)|Survival]]" by [[Muse (band)|Muse]] was announced as the official song of the Olympics,<ref>{{cite news|title=Muse unveil official Olympic song|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-18607319|work=BBC News|date=28 June 2012|access-date=27 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120706133638/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-18607319|archive-date=6 July 2012}}</ref> to be played by international broadcasters reporting on the Games.<ref>{{cite news|title=Muse song Survival unveiled as the official London 2012 Olympic theme tune|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/olympicsvideo/9361112/Muse-song-Survival-unveiled-as-the-official-London-2012-Olympic-theme-tune.html|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=28 June 2012|access-date=27 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723014552/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/olympicsvideo/9361112/Muse-song-Survival-unveiled-as-the-official-London-2012-Olympic-theme-tune.html|archive-date=23 July 2012}}</ref> In August 2009, the [[Royal Mail]] commissioned artists and illustrators to design 30 stamps, which were released in batches of 10 between 2009 and 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.royalmailgroup.com/news/2009/royal-mail-launches-major-series-olympic-stamps-london-2012|title=Welcome to Royal Mail Group|publisher=royalmailgroup.com|date=24 August 2009|access-date=15 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118174139/http://www.royalmailgroup.com/news/2009/royal-mail-launches-major-series-olympic-stamps-london-2012|archive-date=18 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The last ones were released on 22 July 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-14244890|work=BBC News|title=Year-to-go Olympic stamps unveiled by Royal Mail|date=22 July 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920080303/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-14244890|archive-date=20 September 2011}}</ref> Two £5 coins designed by [[Saiman Miah]] have been made to commemorate the Olympics.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-15718464|title=London 2012 £5 coin design success for Midlands pair|work=BBC News|date=14 November 2011|access-date=31 May 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111229114002/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-15718464|archive-date=29 December 2011}}</ref> As with other Olympics since 1952, the Royal Mint will strike a set of commemorative one-kilogram gold and silver coins.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/nov/23/olympic-one-kilo-coins-unveiled|title=Olympic one kilo coins to mark London 2012 Games unveiled|first=Maev|last=Kennedy|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=23 November 2011|access-date=21 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113193742/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/nov/23/olympic-one-kilo-coins-unveiled|archive-date=13 November 2013}}</ref>
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| ===Motto===
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| The official motto for the 2012 Summer Olympics is "Inspire a generation". It was chosen to highlight the organisers' commitment to inspire the world, including younger generations, to get involved in sporting events through the Games' legacy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/9210790/London-2012-Olympics-Inspire-a-Generation-unveiled-as-official-slogan-for-Games.html|title=London 2012 Olympics: 'Inspire a Generation' unveiled as official slogan for Games|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227124347/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/9210790/London-2012-Olympics-Inspire-a-Generation-unveiled-as-official-slogan-for-Games.html|archive-date=27 December 2017}}</ref>
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| ===Logo and graphics===
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| There have been two London 2012 logos: one used for the bidding process, and the other used in the branding for the Games themselves. The bid logo, created by Kino Design, was a ribbon with blue, yellow, black, green, and red stripes winding through the text "LONDON 2012", making the shape of the River Thames in East London. The main logo, designed by [[Wolff Olins]] and published on 4 June 2007, is a representation of the number 2012, with the [[Olympic symbols|Olympic Rings]] embedded within the zero.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london2012.com/about-newlook-video.html|title=The new London 2012 brand|publisher=London 2012|date=4 June 2007|access-date=4 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606204757/http://www.london2012.com/about-newlook-video.html|archive-date=6 June 2007}}</ref>
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| {{Wide image|2012 Summer Olympics logos.svg|640px|The [[2012 Summer Paralympics|Paralympics]] logo (far left) and the different official colour combinations for the [[Wolff Olins]] main logo design}}
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| Public reaction to the main logo in a June 2007 BBC poll was largely negative; more than 80% of votes gave it the lowest possible rating.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/olympics_2012/6718243.stm?dynamic_vote=ON|title=BBC poll measuring public reaction to the new London Olympics logo|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=4 June 2007|archive-date=6 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606215717/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/olympics_2012/6718243.stm?dynamic_vote=ON|url-status=live}}</ref> Several newspapers ran their own logo competitions, displaying alternative submissions from their readers,<ref name="turnuptheirnoses">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/06/world/europe/06iht-brits.4.6026414.html?_r=1|title=British turn up their noses at London Olympics logo|newspaper=The New York Times|date=6 June 2007|last=Cowell|first=Alan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314212803/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/06/world/europe/06iht-brits.4.6026414.html?_r=1|archive-date=14 March 2017}}</ref> and several writers from news agencies criticised the logo.<ref name="turnuptheirnoses"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Stocks|first= Claire |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/sporteditors/2007/06/why_we_should_give_london_2012.html |title=Why we should give London 2012 logo a chance |publisher=BBC Sport Editors' blog |date=5 June 2007 |access-date=20 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429104334/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/sporteditors/2007/06/why_we_should_give_london_2012.html |archive-date=29 April 2009 }}</ref> A segment of animated footage released at the same time as the logo was reported to trigger seizures in a small number of people with [[photosensitive epilepsy]], and a short segment was removed from the London 2012 website in response.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/6724245.stm|title=Epilepsy fears over 2012 footage|work=BBC News|access-date=5 June 2007|date=5 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711041435/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/6724245.stm |archive-date=11 July 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> It was suggested that the logo resembled the cartoon character [[Lisa Simpson]] performing [[fellatio]] on her brother [[Bart Simpson]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/artblog/2007/jun/05/howlisasimpsontooktheolym|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|title=How Lisa Simpson got ahead at the Olympics|first=Jonathan|last=Glancey|date=5 June 2007|access-date=16 November 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030064109/http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/artblog/2007/jun/05/howlisasimpsontooktheolym|archive-date=30 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/artblog/2007/jun/05/howlisasimpsontooktheolym|newspaper=[[Design Week]]|title=London 2012 design icons – the Olympic logo|first=Angus|last=Montgomery|date=23 July 2012|access-date=16 November 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030064109/http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/artblog/2007/jun/05/howlisasimpsontooktheolym|archive-date=30 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2012/jul/29/worst-olympics-ever-vancouver-london-revenge|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|title=The worst Olympics ever: the London Games looks ugly – literally|first=Harrison|last=Mooney|date=29 July 2012|access-date=16 November 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030175229/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2012/jul/29/worst-olympics-ever-vancouver-london-revenge|archive-date=30 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.zeit.de/kultur/2012-08/olympia-design-negrelli|newspaper=[[Die Zeit]]|title=Was uns Londons Logo sagen will|language=de|date=8 August 2012|access-date=16 November 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111053656/http://www.zeit.de/kultur/2012-08/olympia-design-negrelli|archive-date=11 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.krone.at/Steil/Zeigt_Olympia-Logo_Lisa_Simpson_beim_Oralverkehr-Wirbel_im_Web-Story-328425|newspaper=[[Kronen Zeitung]]|location=Vienna|title=Zeigt Olympia-Logo Lisa Simpson beim Oralverkehr?|language=de|date=20 July 2012|access-date=16 November 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804134230/http://www.krone.at/Steil/Zeigt_Olympia-Logo_Lisa_Simpson_beim_Oralverkehr-Wirbel_im_Web-Story-328425|archive-date=4 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tz-online.de/sport/olympia-2012-london/aktuell/olympische-spiele-london-zeigt-logo-lisa-simpson-beim-oralverkehr-tz-2426649.html|newspaper=[[tz (newspaper)|tz]]|title=Ist das Lisa Simpson beim Oralverkehr?|language=de|date=21 July 2012|access-date=16 November 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029074016/http://www.tz-online.de/sport/olympia-2012-london/aktuell/olympische-spiele-london-zeigt-logo-lisa-simpson-beim-oralverkehr-tz-2426649.html|archive-date=29 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.francetvinfo.fr/jo-de-londres-la-pire-promotion-du-monde_121581.html|newspaper=[[France Télévisions]]|title=JO de Londres : la pire promotion du monde ?|language=fr|date=21 July 2012|access-date=16 November 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203030453/http://www.francetvinfo.fr/jo-de-londres-la-pire-promotion-du-monde_121581.html|archive-date=3 December 2012}}</ref>
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| In February 2011, [[Iran]] threatened to boycott the Olympics, complaining that the logo appeared to spell out the word "[[Zion]]". However, this boycott did not occur.<ref>{{cite news|title=London Olympics: Iran to compete despite logo complaint|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12724166|work=BBC News|date=12 March 2011|access-date=24 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807133208/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12724166|archive-date=7 August 2012}}</ref>
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| The official London 2012 Olympic typeface was called Headline 2012 and also suffered some criticism. Journalist Simon Garfield made it number 1 in the list of the "8 Worst Fonts in the World" in his 2010 book ''[[Just My Type]]'', commenting that "the uncool font is based on jaggedness and crudeness", although he conceded that it was "a brilliant piece of corporate branding".<ref>{{cite news|title=The 8 Worst Fonts In The World|url=http://www.fastcodesign.com/1665318/the-8-worst-fonts-in-the-world|work=Co.Design|year=2010|access-date=6 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808073805/http://www.fastcodesign.com/1665318/the-8-worst-fonts-in-the-world|archive-date=8 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=London 2012: 20 lesser-spotted things of the Olympics so far|date=6 August 2012|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-19047586|work=BBC News|access-date=13 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811095531/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-19047586|archive-date=11 August 2012}}</ref> The magazine ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'' pointed out that the typeface was intended for "awareness, impact and memorability as a headline typeface" rather than elegance or readability in long sections of text.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rhatigan|first1=Dan|last2=Haley|first2=Allan|title=Olympic typography through the years|date=3 August 2012|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-08/03/olympic-typography|work=Wired|location=San Francisco|access-date=13 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817050735/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-08/03/olympic-typography|archive-date=17 August 2012}}</ref>
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| === Colours ===
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| {{color box|#F10D90||}}{{color box|#00B9FF||}}{{color box|#0DD385||}}{{color box|#FF7C00||}} The four main colours used in the branding of the Games were pink, blue, green, and orange. These colours were chosen to showcase the spirit of the Games: energetic, spirited, youthful, and bright.
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| {{color box|#6A117C||}}{{color box|grey||}}{{color box|Gold||}} The auxiliary colours used in the branding were dark purple, grey, and gold. These were mostly used in symbols and graphics to offset the brightness of the main colours.
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| ===Mascots===
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| {{Main|Wenlock and Mandeville}}
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| [[File:Olympic mascots (cropped).jpg|thumb|The Olympic Mascots, Mandeville (left) and Wenlock (right)]]
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| The [[List of Olympic mascots|official mascots]] for the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympic Games were unveiled on 19 May 2010.<ref name="BBCMascots">{{Cite news|title=London 2012 unveils Games mascots Wenlock & Mandeville|work=BBC News|date=19 May 2010|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/london_2012/8690467.stm|access-date=19 May 2010|first=Gordon|last=Farquhar|archive-url=https://archive.today/20100522124841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/london_2012/8690467.stm|archive-date=22 May 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Wenlock and Mandeville]] are animations depicting two drops of steel from a steelworks in [[Bolton]].<ref name="BBCMascots"/> They are named after [[Much Wenlock]], a town in Shropshire that holds [[Wenlock Olympian Games|a forerunner of the current Olympic Games]], and [[Stoke Mandeville]], a village in Buckinghamshire where [[IWAS World Games|a forerunner]] of the [[Paralympic Games]] was first held.<ref name="BBCMascots"/> The writer [[Michael Morpurgo]] wrote the story concept for the mascots, and an animation was produced.<ref>{{cite web|title=The London 2012 mascots |publisher=London 2012 |date=19 May 2010 |url=http://www.ourlondon2012.com/mascots/ |access-date=20 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100521054503/http://www.ourlondon2012.com/mascots/ |archive-date=21 May 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Two stories have been created about the mascots: ''Out Of A Rainbow'' and ''Adventures On A Rainbow''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mylondon2012.com/mascots/ |title=Home – London 2012 Mascots |publisher=Mylondon2012.com |access-date=15 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008102110/http://www.mylondon2012.com/mascots/ |archive-date=8 October 2011 }}</ref>
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| ''[[Creative Review]]'' magazine liked the mascots,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.creativereview.co.uk/cr-blog/2010/may/olympics-mascots |title=Wenlock & Mandeville: London's Olympic mascots |publisher=Creative Review blog |access-date=16 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913081608/http://www.creativereview.co.uk/cr-blog/2010/may/olympics-mascots |archive-date=13 September 2012 }}</ref> but elsewhere their design was greeted with some disdain. One columnist jested that they were the product of a "drunken [[one-night stand]] between a Teletubby and a [[Dalek]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/behold-the-one-eyed-compromise-monster/article1577592/|title=Behold the One-Eyed Compromise Monster|newspaper=Globe and Mail|location=Toronto|date=21 May 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130061049/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/behold-the-one-eyed-compromise-monster/article1577592/|archive-date=30 January 2017}}</ref> Others have compared them to [[Izzy (mascot)|Izzy]], the much disparaged mascot of the [[1996 Summer Olympics|1996 Atlanta Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Rhone|first=Nedra|url=http://www.ajc.com/news/atlantas-olympic-mascot-meets-532495.html|title=Atlanta's Olympic mascot meets its ugly match|newspaper=Journal & Constitution|location=Atlanta GA|date=21 May 2010|access-date=16 May 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930225419/http://www.ajc.com/s/news/atlanta/|archive-date=30 September 2012}}</ref> Still others have likened them to [[Kang and Kodos]] from ''[[The Simpsons]]''.<ref>{{cite news|first=Emily|last=Alpert|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/07/olympics-whats-not-to-love-about-a-one-eyed-drop-of-steel.html|title=London Olympics: Making sport of mascots Wenlock, Mandeville|work=Los Angeles Times blog|date=26 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019004732/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/07/olympics-whats-not-to-love-about-a-one-eyed-drop-of-steel.html|archive-date=19 October 2012}}</ref> However, the mascots' creators claim that young people find the duo appealing.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.digitalartsonline.co.uk/news/?newsId=3224807.html|title=Interview: London 2012 Olympic mascots' creator discusses their design|work=Digital Arts|access-date=16 May 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002091349/http://www.digitalartsonline.co.uk/news/illustration/interview-london-2012-olympic-mascots-creator-discusses-their-design/|archive-date=2 October 2012}}</ref>
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| ===''Chariots of Fire''===
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| The 1981 [[Best Picture Oscar]]–winning film ''[[Chariots of Fire]]'', which tells the story of two British athletes in the [[1924 Summer Olympics|1924 Olympics]], was a recurring theme in promotions for the 2012 Olympics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1yLRK2M8YQ|title=London Fireworks 2012 – New Year Live – BBC One|publisher=Youtube.com|date=1 January 2012|access-date=23 June 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20120722233546/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1yLRK2M8YQ|archive-date=22 July 2012}}</ref> A digitally re-mastered version of ''Chariots of Fire'' was released on 13 July 2012 and screened in over 100 UK cinemas as part of the celebrations,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/news/173 |title=Chariots of Fire returns to UK cinemas ahead of the Olympics |date=23 March 2012 |work=[[British Film Institute]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328130757/http://www.bfi.org.uk/news/173 |archive-date=28 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and a [[Chariots of Fire (play)|2012 stage adaptation]] ran in London theatres from 9 May 2012 to 5 January 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/culture/la-et-cm-chariots-of-fire-olympics-20120418,0,7064980.story |title='Chariots of Fire' is West End-bound, coinciding with Olympics |last=Ng |first=David |date=18 April 2012 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502183351/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/culture/la-et-cm-chariots-of-fire-olympics-20120418,0,7064980.story |archive-date=2 May 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film's [[Chariots of Fire (instrumental)|theme tune]] was performed during the [[2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony|opening ceremony]] by the [[London Symphony Orchestra]], conducted by [[Simon Rattle]]. The performance was accompanied by a comedic skit by [[Rowan Atkinson]], which included the opening beach-running footage from the film.<ref name=mrbean-oc>{{cite web|title=Mr. Bean's 'Chariots Of Fire' Skit At 2012 London Olympics Opening Ceremony|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/367792/20120727/mr-bean-rowan-atkinson-olympic-opening-ceremony.htm|work=[[International Business Times]]|access-date=29 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731030715/http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/367792/20120727/mr-bean-rowan-atkinson-olympic-opening-ceremony.htm|archive-date=31 July 2012}}</ref> A new orchestration of the film's theme tune was played during each [[Olympic Games ceremony#Medal presentation|medal presentation]] of the Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newagemusicworld.com/olympic-song-chariots-of-fire-by-vangelis|title=Olympic Song - Chariots of Fire by Vangelis|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805045843/http://www.newagemusicworld.com/olympic-song-chariots-of-fire-by-vangelis/|archive-date=5 August 2012}}</ref>
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| ===Sponsors===
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| {{main|2012 Summer Olympics marketing#Sponsors}}
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| LOCOG and the IOC agreed sponsorship deals with several companies, each assigned to one of four categories; worldwide, tier one, tier two and tier three.<ref name="Sponsors"/> The worldwide partners were: [[Acer Inc.|Acer]], [[Atos]], [[Coca-Cola]], [[Dow Chemical Company|Dow]], [[General Electric]], [[McDonald's]], [[Omega SA]], [[Panasonic]], [[Procter & Gamble]], [[Samsung]] and [[Visa Inc.|Visa]].<ref name="Sponsors">{{cite web|url=http://www.london2012.com/about-us/the-people-delivering-the-games/olympic-partners/|title=Olympic Games partners | The people delivering the Games|publisher=London 2012|access-date=15 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502041437/http://www.london2012.com/about-us/the-people-delivering-the-games/olympic-partners/|archive-date=2 May 2012}}</ref> Tier one partners were: [[Adidas]], [[BMW]], [[BP]], [[British Airways]], [[BT Group]], [[EDF Energy]] and [[Lloyds TSB]].<ref name=":0" /> The tier two partners were: [[Adecco]], [[ArcelorMittal]], [[Cadbury]], [[Deloitte]], [[Thomas Cook Group]], [[Cisco Systems]] and [[United Parcel Service]].<ref name=":0" /> Tier three partners were: [[Aggreko]], [[Airwave Solutions|Airwave]], Atkins, [[The Boston Consulting Group]], [[Outfront Media|CBS Outdoor]], Crystal CG, [[Eurostar]], [[Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer]], [[G4S]], [[GlaxoSmithKline]], Gymnova, [[Heathrow Airport]], [[Heineken]], [[Holiday Inn]], [[John Lewis & Partners]], [[McCann Worldgroup]], [[Mondo (Italian company)|Mondo]], [[Nature Valley]], Next, [[Nielsen Company]], [[Populous (company)]], [[Rapiscan Systems]], [[Rio Tinto (corporation)]], [[Technogym]], [[Thames Water]], [[Ticketmaster]], Trebor and [[Westfield Group]].<ref name=":0" /> The companies provided £1.4 billion of funding altogether, allocated evenly between the IOC and LOCOG.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=London 2012 Olympic sponsors list: who are they and what have they paid?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/datablog/2012/jul/19/london-2012-olympic-sponsors-list|last=Rogers|first=Simon|date=19 July 2012|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=24 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113194155/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/datablog/2012/jul/19/london-2012-olympic-sponsors-list|archive-date=13 November 2013}}</ref>
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| ==Controversies==
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| {{main|Controversies at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}
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| During the lead-up to the Games, there were controversies over sponsorship,<ref>{{cite news|last=Carman|first=Tim|date=18 July 2012|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/mcdonalds-olympian-achievement-in-london-a-french-fry-monopoly-and-largest-fast-food-restaurant/2012/07/18/gJQAZ6tQuW_story.html|title=McDonald's Olympian achievement in London: A French fry monopoly and largest fast-food restaurant|work=The Washington Post|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719175857/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/mcdonalds-olympian-achievement-in-london-a-french-fry-monopoly-and-largest-fast-food-restaurant/2012/07/18/gJQAZ6tQuW_story.html|archive-date=19 July 2017}}</ref> the athletes' use of social media, and several political issues. After a complicated lottery process, thousands of people failed to secure seats for the events they wanted, but a large number of empty seats were observed throughout the Games, even at some of the most popular events. There was speculation that this was due to a failure of corporate sponsors to make use of tickets they had received.<ref name="washingtonpost1"/>
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| During the Games, eight competitors in the [[Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles|badminton women's doubles]] were disqualified for "not using best efforts", when they tried to lose matches in the group stage to obtain more favourable fixtures in the knockout rounds.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nbcolympics.com/news-blogs/badminton/all-eight-women-disqualified-for-throwing-badminton-matches.html |title=All eight women disqualified for throwing badminton matches |date=1 August 2012 |publisher=NBC Olympics |access-date=1 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801173250/http://www.nbcolympics.com/news-blogs/badminton/all-eight-women-disqualified-for-throwing-badminton-matches.html |archive-date=1 August 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/19072677|title=Olympics badminton: Eight women disqualified from doubles|work=BBC Sport|date=1 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120903130250/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/19072677|archive-date=3 September 2012}}</ref> A number of results in boxing, gymnastics and judo were overturned by officials after initial decisions were appealed against.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nbcolympics.com/news-blogs/boxing/olympic-boxing-officials-punished-for-controversial-rulings.html |title=Olympic boxing officials punished for controversial rulings |publisher=NBC Olympics |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=2 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814203322/http://www.nbcolympics.com/news-blogs/boxing/olympic-boxing-officials-punished-for-controversial-rulings.html |archive-date=14 August 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=John|first=Emma|title=Olympics: Kristian Thomas keeps cool as Team GB grab gymnastics bronze|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/jul/30/london-2012-great-britain-gymnastics|access-date=14 August 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|date=30 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113193738/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/jul/30/london-2012-great-britain-gymnastics|archive-date=13 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j3bNS7fgOzpv5yhYWWpsIawrm3HQ?docId=CNG.174be06ad8ee4755308494817ef96f0e.a21|title=Farcical scenes in Japan-Korea judo quarter final|publisher=AFP|date=29 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226074712/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j3bNS7fgOzpv5yhYWWpsIawrm3HQ?docId=CNG.174be06ad8ee4755308494817ef96f0e.a21|archive-date=26 February 2014}}</ref>
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| [[Ye Shiwen]] faced doping allegations after her gold medal in the women's 400m Individual Medley as she came from being behind the world record in the final 50m to beating it by 1.02 seconds. Furthermore, she swam her last 50m 0.17 seconds quicker than the men's winner of the corresponding race. All charges were later dropped.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/more-in-sport/london-2012-olympics-chinese-swimmer-ye-shiwen-cleared-of-doping-by-wada-says-olympic-chief-colin-moyinhan-1-2441861|title=London 2012 Olympics: Chinese swimmer Ye Shiwen cleared of doping by WADA, says Olympic chief|date=31 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820141652/http://www.scotsman.com/sport/more-in-sport/london-2012-olympics-chinese-swimmer-ye-shiwen-cleared-of-doping-by-wada-says-olympic-chief-colin-moyinhan-1-2441861|archive-date=20 August 2016}}</ref>
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| Just before the start of the [[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres|Men's 100m Final]], a spectator threw a plastic bottle into [[Tyson Gay]]'s lane, intended to hit [[Usain Bolt]] who was three lanes outside in Lane 7. The race was unaffected, and Bolt would go on to become the second man in history to defend a 100m Olympic title. The spectator, later identified as Ashley Gill-Webb, was soon arrested after he was struck on the head by Dutch [[judo]]ka and bronze medalist [[Edith Bosch]], whom he happened to be sitting next to.<ref>{{cite news|title=Man who threw bottle during men's 100 meters arrested for 'creating a public nuisance'|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/olympics--man-who-threw-bottle-during-men-s-100-meters-arrested-for--creating-a-public-nuisance-.html|work=Yahoo! Sports|date=5 August 2012|access-date=26 July 2018|archive-date=26 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726040958/https://sports.yahoo.com/news/olympics--man-who-threw-bottle-during-men-s-100-meters-arrested-for--creating-a-public-nuisance-.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="hit"/> LOCOG Chairman [[Sebastian Coe]] later stated: "I'm not suggesting [[vigilante|vigilantism]] but it was actually poetic justice that they happened to be sitting next to a judo player".<ref name="hit">{{cite news|title=Dutch judo star 'hit bottle-thrower' in Olympic 100m final|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-19149278|work=BBC News|date=6 August 2012|access-date=26 July 2018|archive-date=17 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917171504/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-19149278|url-status=live}}</ref> Gill-Webb later pleaded not guilty to a charge of using threatening words or behaviour with intent to cause harassment, alarm or distress at Stratford Magistrates' Court.<ref>{{cite news|title=Olympic 100m bottle throw: Man denies public order charge|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-19145035|work=BBC News|date=6 August 2012|access-date=26 July 2018|archive-date=17 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917171505/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-19145035|url-status=live}}</ref> He was later found guilty.<ref>{{cite news|title=Olympic 100m final bottle thrower Ashley Gill-Webb guilty|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-20985225|work=BBC News|access-date=11 January 2013|date=11 January 2013|archive-date=11 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111183711/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-20985225|url-status=live}}</ref>
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| ==Drug testing==
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| {{main|Use of performance-enhancing drugs in the Olympic Games#2012 London}}
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| It was announced before the Summer Games that half of all the competitors would be tested for drugs, with 150 scientists set to take 6,000 samples between the start of the Games and the end of the Paralympic Games.<ref name='BBCJul15'>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18849517|title=London 2012: All medallists to be drugs tested at Olympics|work=BBC News|access-date=28 July 2012|date=15 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729034932/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18849517|archive-date=29 July 2012}}</ref> Every competitor who won a medal was also tested. The Olympic laboratory tested up to 400 samples every day for more than 240 prohibited substances.<ref name='BBCJul15'/> As of late 2017, 31 medals have been [[List of stripped Olympic medals|stripped]] due to doping violations, 15 of which were originally awarded to Russian athletes.
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| Testing for drugs was completed by GSK (GlaxoSmithKline)<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 July 2012|title=GSK doping operation|url=https://www.gsk.com/en-gb/media/press-releases/glaxosmithkline-celebrates-its-role-in-supporting-the-biggest-anti-doping-operation-in-the-history-of-the-olympic-games/|access-date=31 July 2020|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813094028/https://www.gsk.com/en-gb/media/press-releases/glaxosmithkline-celebrates-its-role-in-supporting-the-biggest-anti-doping-operation-in-the-history-of-the-olympic-games/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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| == See also ==
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| {{IOC seealso|games=2012 Summer Olympics}}
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| * [[2012 Olympic hunger summit]]
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| * [[Twenty Twelve]], a comedy mockumentary featuring a fictional London Olympics committee
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|30em}}
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|
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| == Further reading ==
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| * {{Cite journal |last1= Jaworska |first1= Sylvia |last2= Hunt |first2= Sally |title=Differentiations and intersections: a corpus-assisted discourse study of gender representations in the British press before, during and after the London Olympics 2012 |journal=[[Gender and Language]] |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=336–364 |doi=10.1558/genl.28858 |year=2017 |url=http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/56337/1/Intersections%20of%20Gender%20Nation%20and%20Race_resub_to%20GaL_revised%20220216.pdf }}
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| * {{Cite web|last=Mallon|first=Bill|title=AN UPDATE ON LONDON 2012 DOPING POSITIVES|work=OlympStats| date=18 January 2019|url=http://olympstats.com/2019/01/18/all-olympic-doping-positives-the-count-by-games/}}
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| * {{Cite web|last=Mallon|first=Bill|title=ALL OLYMPIC DOPING POSITIVES – THE COUNT BY GAMES|work=OlympStats| date=18 January 2019|url=http://olympstats.com/2019/01/18/all-olympic-doping-positives-the-count-by-games/}}
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| * Pamment, James. "'Putting the GREAT Back into Britain': National Identity, Public-Private Collaboration & Transfers of Brand Equity in 2012's Global Promotional Campaign," ''British Journal of Politics & International Relations'' (2015) 17#2 pp 260–283.
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| * Surowiec, Pawel. and Philip Long. “Hybridity and Soft Power Statecraft: The 'GREAT' Campaign.” ''Diplomacy & Statecraft'' 31:1 (2020): 1-28. [https://hdiplo.org/to/AR989 online review] https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2020.1721092
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| ;Official reports
| | == Motto == |
| * {{cite book |editor=[[London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games|LOCOG]] |title=Volume 1: Summary of the bid preparation |date=2013 |publisher=LOCOG |location=London |url=https://library.olympics.com/Default/digital-viewer/c-37734 |series=London 2012 Olympic Games: The Official Report}}
| | The official motto for the 2012 Summer Olympics is "Inspire a generation". It was chosen to highlight the organiser's commitment to inspire the world to get involved in sporting events through the olympic games' legacy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/9210790/London-2012-Olympics-Inspire-a-Generation-unveiled-as-official-slogan-for-Games.html|title=London 2012 Olympics: 'Inspire a Generation' unveiled as official slogan for Games|last=Magnay|first=Jacquelin|journal=The Daily Telegraph |date=2012-04-18|access-date=2020-06-15|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> |
| * {{cite book |last1=Knight |first1=Tom |last2=Ruscoe |first2=Sybil |title=Volume 2: London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games: the Official Commemorative Book |date=2012 |publisher=Wiley |location=Chichester |isbn=978-1-119-97314-0 |url=https://library.olympics.com/Default/digital-viewer/c-37734 |ol=OL24283202W |series=London 2012 Olympic Games: The Official Report}}
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| * {{cite book |editor=[[London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games|LOCOG]] |title=Volume 3: Summary of Olympic Games preparations |date=2013 |publisher=LOCOG |location=London |url=https://library.olympics.com/Default/digital-viewer/c-37734 |series=London 2012 Olympic Games: The Official Report}}
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| ===Book references=== | | == Mascots == |
| {{Reflist|group=book}} | | The official mascots for the Olympics and Paralympic Games were revealed in May 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/london_2012/8690467.stm|title=London 2012 unveils Games mascots Wenlock & Mandeville|date=2010-05-19|work=BBC News|access-date=2020-06-15|language=en-GB}}</ref> They were called Wenlock and Mandeville. |
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| ==External links== | | == Sponsors == |
| {{Commons category|2012 Summer Olympics}}
| | The 2012 Olympics had many sponsors. Some of the most popular ones are [[McDonald's]], [[Acer Inc.|Acer]], [[Samsung]], [[Coca-Cola]], [[Adidas]], and [[Panasonic]]. |
| {{Wikivoyage|London 2012}}
| |
| {{Wikinews|London to host 2012 Olympic Games | Olympics organisers insist London win in 2012 ballot was fair}}
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| ;Official
| |
| * {{IOC games|games=2012 Summer Olympics }}
| |
| * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130228114959/http://www.london2012.com/ Archived official website], part of the UK Government's [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|National Archives]]
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| ;News media
| | == References == |
| *{{bbc.co.uk|2012|London 2012}}
| | {{reflist}} |
| *{{Guardiantopic|sport/olympics-2012}}
| |
| * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130703111256/http://www.2012.nbcolympics.com/ 2012 London Olympics] at ''[[NBC]]''
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| * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100914000517/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/london-olympics-business/ London Olympics Business] at ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]''
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| {{S-start}}
| | == External links == |
| {{s-sports|soly}}
| | * [http://london2012.com/ Official London 2012 Website] |
| {{S-bef|before=[[2008 Summer Olympics|Beijing]]}}
| | * [http://www.china.org.cn/sports/2012londonolympics/node_7154906.htm/ London Olympics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531055701/http://china.org.cn/sports/2012londonolympics/node_7154906.htm |date=2012-05-31 }} All news and info about the Games |
| {{S-ttl |title=XXX Olympiad<br />London|years=2012}} | |
| {{S-aft|after=[[2016 Summer Olympics|Rio de Janeiro]]}}
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| {{S-end}}
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| {{Olympic Games}} | | {{Olympic Games}} |
| {{2012 Summer Olympic bids}}
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| {{Qualification for the 2012 Summer Olympics}}
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| {{Nations at the 2012 Summer Olympics}}
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| {{EventsAt2012SummerOlympics}}
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| {{2012 Summer Olympics venues}}
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| {{London history}}
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| {{Authority control}}
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| {{Portal bar|Olympics|United Kingdom|London}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Summer Olympics, 2012}}
| | [[Category:2012 Summer Olympics]] |
| [[Category:2012 Summer Olympics| ]]
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| [[Category:2012 in British sport]]
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| [[Category:2012 sports events in London]]
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| [[Category:2012 in multi-sport events]]
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| [[Category:Olympic Games in the United Kingdom|2012]]
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| [[Category:Summer Olympics in London|2012]] | |
| [[Category:Summer Olympics by year|2012]]
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| [[Category:July 2012 sports events in the United Kingdom]]
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| [[Category:August 2012 sports events in the United Kingdom]]
| |
Algeria[4]
Andorra[5]
Argentina[6]
Australia[6]
Austria[6]
Bahamas[5]
Belarus[6]
Belgium[7]
Bosnia and Herzegovina[5]
Brazil[6]
Bulgaria[6]
Canada[6]
Chile[6]
China[6]
Colombia[8]
Côte d'Ivoire[5]
Croatia[6]
Cuba[6]
Cyprus[6]
Czech Republic[6]
Denmark[6]
Dominican Republic[6]
Ecuador[5]
Egypt[5]
Ethiopia[5]
Estonia[5]
Finland[6]
France[6]
Georgia[6]
Germany[6]
Ghana[5]
Great Britain[6] (Host)
Greece[6]
Guatemala[6]
Haiti[5]
Hong Kong[10]
Hungary[6]
India[6]
Iran[6]
Ireland[5]
Israel[6]
Italy[6]
Jamaica[5]
Japan[6]
Kazakhstan[6]
Kenya[5]
North Korea[6]
South Korea[6]
Kuwait[5]
Latvia[5]
Libya[5]
Lithuania[11]
Luxembourg[10]
Malta[6]
Mexico[6]
Moldova[5]
Mongolia[6]
Morocco[5]
Namibia[9]
Netherlands[7]
New Zealand[7]
Nigeria[5]
Norway[6]
Pakistan[12]
Panama[5]
Peru[5]
Poland[6]
Portugal[6]
Puerto Rico[5]
Qatar[5]
Romania[10]
Russia[6]
Saudi Arabia[7]
Serbia[6]
Singapore[10]
Slovakia[6]
Slovenia[10]
South Africa[9]
Sri Lanka[6]
Spain[6]
Sweden[13]
Switzerland[6]
Tajikistan[5]
Tanzania[5]
Thailand[6]
Trinidad and Tobago[5]
Turkey[6]
Uganda[5]
Ukraine[6]
United States[6]
Uruguay[14]
Uzbekistan[6]
Vietnam[15]
Zambia[5]
Zimbabwe[5]