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'''Magadhi Prakrit''' (Māgadhī) is of one of the three [[Dramatic Prakrit]]s, the written languages of [[History of India|Ancient India]] following the decline of [[Pali]] and [[Sanskrit]]. It was a vernacular [[Middle Indo-Aryan language]], replacing earlier [[Vedic Sanskrit]].<ref>{{Citation| contribution=The historical context and development of Indo-Aryan | editor1-last=Cardona | editor1-first=George | editor2-last=Jain | editor2-first=Dhanesh | title=The Indo-Aryan Languages | publisher=Routledge | place=London | year=2003 | series=Routledge language family series | isbn=0-7007-1130-9 | pages=46–66}}</ref> Magadhi Prakrit was spoken in the eastern [[Indian subcontinent]], in a region spanning what is now [[East India|eastern India]], [[Bangladesh]] and [[Nepal]]. | '''Magadhi Prakrit''' (''Māgadhī'') is of one of the three [[Dramatic Prakrit]]s, the written languages of [[History of India|Ancient India]] following the decline of [[Pali]] and [[Sanskrit]]. It was a vernacular [[Middle Indo-Aryan language]], replacing earlier [[Vedic Sanskrit]].<ref>{{Citation| contribution=The historical context and development of Indo-Aryan | editor1-last=Cardona | editor1-first=George | editor2-last=Jain | editor2-first=Dhanesh | title=The Indo-Aryan Languages | publisher=Routledge | place=London | year=2003 | series=Routledge language family series | isbn=0-7007-1130-9 | pages=46–66}}</ref> Magadhi Prakrit was spoken in the eastern [[Indian subcontinent]], in a region spanning what is now [[East India|eastern India]], [[Bangladesh]] and [[Nepal]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Prasad |first1=Balaram |last2=Mukherjee |first2=Sibasis |title=Magadhi / Magahi |url=http://lsi.gov.in/MTSI_app/DraftReport/Bihar/11.%20MAGADHI%20MAGAHI.pdf |website=lsi.gov.in |access-date=24 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="Chatterjee'>{{cite book |last1=Chatterji |first1=Suniti Kumar |title=The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language |date=1926 |page=vi |url=https://archive.org/details/OriginDevelopmentOfBengali/CHATTERJI_Origin-Development-of-Bengali_Vol-1/page/n3/mode/2up?q=magadhi+prakrit+bengal |language=English}}</ref> Associated with the ancient [[Magadha]], it was spoken in present-day [[Assam]], [[Bengal]], [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]] and eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]] under various ''apabhramsa'' dialects,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grierson |first1=Sir George Abraham |title=The Languages of India: Being a Reprint of the Chapter on Languages |date=1903 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India |pages=57-58 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Languages_of_India/L65DAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=magadhi+prakrit+bengal&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> and used in some dramas to represent vernacular dialogue in Prakrit dramas. It is believed to be the language spoken by the important religious figures [[Gautama Buddha]] and [[Mahavira]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Beames|first=John|url=http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139208871|title=Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India: To Wit, Hindi, Panjabi, Sindhi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya, and Bangali|date=2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-20887-1|location=Cambridge|doi=10.1017/cbo9781139208871.003}}</ref> and was also the language of the courts of the [[Magadha]] [[mahajanapada]] and the [[Maurya Empire]]; some of the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] were composed in it.<ref name="Chatterjee'/><ref>Bashan A.L., ''The Wonder that was India'', Picador, 2004, pp.394</ref> | ||
Magadhi Prakrit later evolved into the [[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages]]:<ref name=Claus2003>South Asian folklore: an encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, By Peter J. Claus, Sarah Diamond, Margaret Ann Mills, Routledge, 2003, p. 203</ref><ref>Ray, Tapas S. (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=OtCPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA444 "Chapter Eleven: "Oriya"]. In Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George. ''The Indo-Aryan Languages''. Routledge. p. 445. {{ISBN|978-1-135-79711-9}}.</ref> | Magadhi Prakrit later evolved into the [[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages]]:<ref name=Claus2003>South Asian folklore: an encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, By Peter J. Claus, Sarah Diamond, Margaret Ann Mills, Routledge, 2003, p. 203</ref><ref>Ray, Tapas S. (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=OtCPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA444 "Chapter Eleven: "Oriya"]. In Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George. ''The Indo-Aryan Languages''. Routledge. p. 445. {{ISBN|978-1-135-79711-9}}.</ref> | ||
Revision as of 17:59, 29 April 2022
| Magadhi Prakrit | |
|---|---|
| Māgadhī | |
| Brahmi: 𑀫𑀸𑀕𑀥𑀻 | |
| Region | India |
| Extinct | developed into the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages[1] |
Indo-European
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
Magadhi Prakrit (Māgadhī) is of one of the three Dramatic Prakrits, the written languages of Ancient India following the decline of Pali and Sanskrit. It was a vernacular Middle Indo-Aryan language, replacing earlier Vedic Sanskrit.[2] Magadhi Prakrit was spoken in the eastern Indian subcontinent, in a region spanning what is now eastern India, Bangladesh and Nepal.[3][4] Associated with the ancient Magadha, it was spoken in present-day Assam, Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha and eastern Uttar Pradesh under various apabhramsa dialects,[5] and used in some dramas to represent vernacular dialogue in Prakrit dramas. It is believed to be the language spoken by the important religious figures Gautama Buddha and Mahavira[6] and was also the language of the courts of the Magadha mahajanapada and the Maurya Empire; some of the Edicts of Ashoka were composed in it.[4][7]
Magadhi Prakrit later evolved into the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages:[1][8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 South Asian folklore: an encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, By Peter J. Claus, Sarah Diamond, Margaret Ann Mills, Routledge, 2003, p. 203
- ↑ Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh, eds. (2003), "The historical context and development of Indo-Aryan", The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge language family series, London: Routledge, pp. 46–66, ISBN 0-7007-1130-9
- ↑ Prasad, Balaram; Mukherjee, Sibasis. "Magadhi / Magahi" (PDF). lsi.gov.in. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Chatterji, Suniti Kumar (1926). The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language. p. vi.
- ↑ Grierson, Sir George Abraham (1903). The Languages of India: Being a Reprint of the Chapter on Languages. Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India. pp. 57–58.
- ↑ Beames, John (2012). Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India: To Wit, Hindi, Panjabi, Sindhi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya, and Bangali. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9781139208871.003. ISBN 978-1-139-20887-1.
- ↑ Bashan A.L., The Wonder that was India, Picador, 2004, pp.394
- ↑ Ray, Tapas S. (2007). "Chapter Eleven: "Oriya". In Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George. The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. p. 445. ISBN 978-1-135-79711-9.
External links
- Jain Agams
- Jainism in Buddhist Literature
- Toulmin, Mathew W S (2006). Reconstructing linguistic history in a dialect continuum: The Kamta, Rajbanshi, and Northern Deshi Bangla subgroup of Indo-Aryan (PhD). The Australian National University.