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{{ | {{Short description|Indian academic and critic (1926–2012)}} | ||
{{Infobox writer | {{Infobox writer | ||
| name = Sukumar Azhikode | | name = Sukumar Azhikode | ||
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| death_place = [[Thrissur]], Kerala, India | | death_place = [[Thrissur]], Kerala, India | ||
| occupation = {{ublist|Writer|social critic|orator|academic}} | | occupation = {{ublist|Writer|social critic|orator|academic}} | ||
| alma_mater = | | alma_mater = | ||
| period = | | period = | ||
| Line 34: | Line 32: | ||
== Biography == | == Biography == | ||
Sukumar Azhikode, was born on May 12, 1926 at [[Azhikode and Azhikkal|Azhikode]], a coastal village in [[Kannur district]] of the south Indian state of [[Kerala]] to Vidwan Panankavil Damodharan, a teacher, and his wife, Koloth Thattarathu Madhaviyamma, as the fourth of their six children.<ref name="Azheekodinte Athmakadha Sampoornam">{{Cite book |title=Azheekodinte Athmakadha Sampoornam | | Sukumar Azhikode, was born on May 12, 1926, at [[Azhikode and Azhikkal|Azhikode]], a coastal village in [[Kannur district]] of the south Indian state of [[Kerala]] to Vidwan Panankavil Damodharan, a teacher, and his wife, Koloth Thattarathu Madhaviyamma, as the fourth of their six children.<ref name="Azheekodinte Athmakadha Sampoornam">{{Cite book |title=Azheekodinte Athmakadha Sampoornam |author=Sukumār Azhikode |date=2012 |publisher=DC Books |isbn=9788126436699 |location=Kottayam |oclc=829071738}}</ref> His early schooling was at Azhikode South Elementary School and he passed intermediate examination from Rajas High School [[Chirakkal, Kannur|Chirakkal]] in 1941 before studying [[ayurveda]] at Kottakkal Arya Vaidya Patasala for one year. Subsequently, he joined [[St. Aloysius College (Mangalore)|St. Aloysius College, Mangalore]] from where he graduated in commerce in 1943. He started his career as a clerk at the Kannur branch of [[Indian Overseas Bank]] but soon quit the job to pursue a teaching career for which he completed the teachers' training course from Government College of Teacher Education, [[Kozhikode]] (GCTE) and joined his alma mater, Rajas High School, Chirakkal, as a teacher in 1948.<ref name="Dr Sukumar Azhikode passes away - Doolnews">{{Cite web |url=http://english.doolnews.com/dr-sukumar-azhikode-passed-away-10722.html |title=Dr Sukumar Azhikode passes away - Doolnews |date=January 24, 2012 |website=english.doolnews.com |access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref> While serving as a teacher, he continued his studies through distance education and earned master's degrees in [[Sanskrit]] and [[Malayalam]] languages. He followed it up with a bachelor's degree in education from GCTE in 1952. During the next three and a half decades, he worked at various institutions, starting with [[St. Joseph's College, Devagiri]] and [[St. Aloysius College (Mangalore)|St. Aloysius College, Mangalore]] as a lecturer, as the principal at SNM Training College, [[Moothakunnam]], before joining the [[University of Calicut]] as the founder head and professor of the department of Malayalam.<ref name="Sukumar Azhikode: A great voice is stilled - Times of India">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Sukumar-Azhikode-A-great-voice-is-stilled/articleshow/11611797.cms |title=Sukumar Azhikode: A great voice is stilled - Times of India |date=January 24, 2012 |website=The Times of India |access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref> In between, he secured a PhD in Malayalam literature in 1981, for his thesis, ''Western Influence in Malayalam Literary Criticism''. Later, he served as the pro vice chancellor and acting vice chancellor of the university.<ref name="Azheekodinte Athmakadha Sampoornam" /> | ||
Sukumar Azhikode lived a bachelor throughout his life; his relationship with Vilasini teacher, to whom he had proposed, did not result in a marriage.<ref name="അഴീക്കോട് അപകീര്ത്തിപ്പെടുത്തി:വിലാസിനി ടീച്ചര്">{{Cite web |url=https://malayalam.oneindia.com/news/2011/08/24/kerala-vilasini-sends-legal-notice-to-ahikode-aid0031.html |title=അഴീക്കോട് അപകീര്ത്തിപ്പെടുത്തി:വിലാസിനി ടീച്ചര് |last=Lakshmi |date=2011-08-24 |website=malayalam.oneindia.com |language=ml |access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref> He lived in [[Eravimangalam]] near [[Thrissur]], towards the later part of his life and died on 24 January 24, 2012, at [[Amala Institute of Medical Sciences]].<ref name="Sukumar Azhikode passes away">{{Cite web |url=https://article.wn.com/view/2012/01/24/Sukumar_Azhikode_passes_away/ |title=Sukumar Azhikode passes away |website=article.wn.com |language=en |access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref> He was 85 years old and was suffering from bone cancer for which he had been hospitalized since 7 December 2011.<ref name="Renowned Kerala writer Sukumar Azhikode passes away - Times of India">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Renowned-Kerala-writer-Sukumar-Azhikode-passes-away/articleshow/11611159.cms |title=Renowned Kerala writer Sukumar Azhikode passes away - Times of India |website=The Times of India |access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref><ref name="Sukumar Azhikode: A great voice is stilled - Times of India" /> | Sukumar Azhikode lived a bachelor throughout his life; his relationship with Vilasini teacher, to whom he had proposed, did not result in a marriage.<ref name="അഴീക്കോട് അപകീര്ത്തിപ്പെടുത്തി:വിലാസിനി ടീച്ചര്">{{Cite web |url=https://malayalam.oneindia.com/news/2011/08/24/kerala-vilasini-sends-legal-notice-to-ahikode-aid0031.html |title=അഴീക്കോട് അപകീര്ത്തിപ്പെടുത്തി:വിലാസിനി ടീച്ചര് |last=Lakshmi |date=2011-08-24 |website=malayalam.oneindia.com |language=ml |access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref> He lived in [[Eravimangalam]] near [[Thrissur]], towards the later part of his life and died on 24 January 24, 2012, at [[Amala Institute of Medical Sciences]].<ref name="Sukumar Azhikode passes away">{{Cite web |url=https://article.wn.com/view/2012/01/24/Sukumar_Azhikode_passes_away/ |title=Sukumar Azhikode passes away |website=article.wn.com |language=en |access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref> He was 85 years old and was suffering from bone cancer for which he had been hospitalized since 7 December 2011.<ref name="Renowned Kerala writer Sukumar Azhikode passes away - Times of India">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Renowned-Kerala-writer-Sukumar-Azhikode-passes-away/articleshow/11611159.cms |title=Renowned Kerala writer Sukumar Azhikode passes away - Times of India |website=The Times of India |access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref><ref name="Sukumar Azhikode: A great voice is stilled - Times of India" /> | ||
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[[File:Sukumar azhikkod.jpg|thumb|235px|left|a public speech]] | [[File:Sukumar azhikkod.jpg|thumb|235px|left|a public speech]] | ||
[[File:Sukumar Azheekod Speaks in laloor.jpg|thumb|Sukumar Azhikode Speaks in [[Laloor]].]] | [[File:Sukumar Azheekod Speaks in laloor.jpg|thumb|Sukumar Azhikode Speaks in [[Laloor]].]] | ||
Sukumar Azhikode, considered by many as the leading | Sukumar Azhikode, considered by many as the leading Malayalam literary critic after the era of [[Joseph Mundassery]], [[M. P. Paul]] and [[Kuttikrishna Marar]]<ref name="The conscience-keeper of our age">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/the-consciencekeeper-of-our-age/article2827844.ece |title=The conscience-keeper of our age |last=Santhosh |first=K. |date=2012-01-24 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref> and one of the greatest Malayalam orators, wrote a number of books on literary criticism, philosophy and social issues,<ref name="Azhikode a Unique Orator: PSC Chief">{{Cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2015/may/13/Azhikode-a-Unique-Orator-PSC-Chief-759962.html |title=Azhikode a Unique Orator: PSC Chief |date=2019-02-06 |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref><ref name="Renowned Malayalam writer dead - UCAN India Mobile Site">{{Cite web |url=http://m.ucanindia.in/news/renowned-malayalam-writer-dead-16655.html |title=Renowned Malayalam writer dead - UCAN India Mobile Site |date=2019-02-06 |website=m.ucanindia.in |access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref><ref name="Litterateur Sukumar Azhikode passes away">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/Litterateur-Sukumar-Azhikode-passes-away/article20388353.ece |title=Litterateur Sukumar Azhikode passes away |last=PTI |website=@businessline |language=en |access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref> including ''Thatvamasi'',<ref name="Thathwamasi">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=80136&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Azhikode |title=Thathwamasi |last=Sukumar Azhikode |date=1984 |publisher=S.P.C.S |location=Kottayam}}</ref> a treatise on [[Indian philosophy]], [[Vedas]] and [[Upanishads]] which received 12 awards;<ref name="Malayalam writer Sukumar Azhikode dead">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/malayalam-writer-sukumar-azhikode-dead/story-OmdEFp7bCvc0bkHkA4f7AN.html |title=Malayalam writer Sukumar Azhikode dead |date=2012-01-24 |website=hindustantimes.com |language=en |access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref> the book also paved way for another book, ''Thathwamasi Prabhashanangal'',<ref name="Thathwamasi Prabhashanangal">{{Cite book |title=Thathwamasi Prabhashanangal |last=Sukumar Azhikode |publisher=DC Books |isbn=978-81-264-6168-4}}</ref> a compilation of four speeches made by Azhikode on the book.<ref name="Azhikode a Unique Orator: PSC Chief" /> Six of his books are on Malayalam literature,; ''Malayala Sahityavimarsanam'' (Criticism of Malayalam Literature)<ref name="Malayala Sahitya Vimarsanam">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=77566&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Azhikode |title=Malayala Sahitya Vimarsanam |last=Sukumar Azhikode |date=1981 |publisher=Vallaththol Vidya Peetdam |location=Sukapuram}}</ref> and ''Malayala Sahitya Patanangal'' (Studies on Malayalam Literature)<ref name="Malayala Sahitya Patanangal">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=306471&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Azhikode |title=Malayala Sahitya Patanangal |last=Sukumar Azhikode |date=1986 |publisher=D.C.Books |location=Kottayam}}</ref> are general studies, two others, ''Shankarakkuruppu Vimarshikkappedunnu'' (Sankara Kurup Critiqued)<ref name="Sankara Kuruppu Vimarsikkappedunnu">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=65184&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Azhikode |title=Sankara Kuruppu Vimarsikkappedunnu |last=Sukumar Azhikode}}</ref> and ''Mahakavi Ulloor'' (The Great Poet Ulloor) are studies of the works of [[G. Sankara Kurup]] and [[Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer]] while the remaining two, ''Aasaante Seethaakaavyam'' (Asan's Seetha Kavyam)<ref name="Aashaante Seethaakavyam">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=72934&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Azhikode |title=Aashaante Seethaakavyam |last=Sukumar Azhikode |date=1970 |publisher=Sahitya Pravarthaka Sahakarana Sangam |location=Kottayam}}</ref> and ''Ramananum Malayalakavitayum'' (Ramanan and Malayalam Poetry)<ref name="Ramananum Malayala Kavithayum">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=202510&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Azhikode |title=Ramananum Malayala Kavithayum |last=Sukumar Azhikode |publisher=Ahammadkunchu & Brothers |location=Ahammadkunchu & Brothers}}</ref> are critical analysis of two classic poems, ''Chinthavishtayaya Seetha'' of [[Kumaran Asan]] and ''[[Ramanan (play in verse)|Ramanan]]'' of [[Changampuzha Krishna Pillai]]. Besides several studies on various topics, he also published a book compiling some of his orations under the title, ''Azhikodinte Prabhashanangal''(Orations of Azhikode)<ref name="Azheekodinde Prabashanangal">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=223319&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Azhikode |title=Azheekodinde Prabashanangal |last=Sukumar Azhikode |date=1995 |publisher=Thrissur Current |location=Thrissur Current}}</ref> and ''Azhikodinte Phalithangal'' (Jokes of Azhikode) which narrates his jokes and their situations. He also translated [[Mark Twain]]'s ''[[The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn]]'' into Malayalam under the title, ''Huckleberry Finninte Vikramangal''.<ref name="Huckleberry Finninte Vikramangal">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=285025&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Azhikode |title=Huckleberry Finninte Vikramangal |last1=Twain |first1=Mark |last2=Sukumar Azhikode |date=2009 |publisher=Green books |isbn=9788184231540 |location=Thrissur}}</ref> | ||
== Social activism and controversies == | == Social activism and controversies == | ||
Sukumar Azhikode was an active commentator on the changes in the society and his speeches on the [[demolition of the Babri Masjid]] were reported to have been notable; his speeches regularly featured comments on historical figures such as [[Buddha]], [[Jesus Christ]], [[ | Sukumar Azhikode was an active commentator on the changes in the society and his speeches on the [[demolition of the Babri Masjid]] were reported to have been notable; his speeches regularly featured comments on historical figures such as [[Buddha]], [[Jesus Christ]], [[Muhammad]], Gandhiji and [[Ram Manohar Lohia]].<ref name="Sukumar Azhikode: A great voice is stilled - Times of India" /> He was also vocal on contemporaries including [[V. S. Achuthanandan]],<ref name="Sukumar Azhikode - Veethi profile">{{Cite web |url=https://www.veethi.com/india-people/sukumar_azhikode-profile-2174-25.htm |title=Sukumar Azhikode - Veethi profile |date=2019-02-07 |website=veethi.com |access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref> [[G. Sankara Kurup]] and [[K. Karunakaran]], among others.<ref name="Renowned Malayalam writer dead - UCAN India Mobile Site" /> His war of words with [[Mohanlal]], the Malayalam film actor, drew public interest, and led to Azhikode serving a legal notice on the actor.<ref name="Mohanlal and Azhikode patch up">{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/mohanlal-and-azhikode-patch-up-427644.html |title=Mohanlal and Azhikode patch up |website=News18 |date=12 December 2011 |access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref> He was also involved in public exchanges of differences with Vellapally Natesan, the general secretary of [[Sree Narayana Trust]]<ref name="Author Sukumar Azhikode: a man of the masses">{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/books/author-sukumar-azhikode-a-man-of-the-masses-440253.html |title=Author Sukumar Azhikode: a man of the masses |website=News18 |date=24 January 2012 |access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref> and [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]], the film actor<ref name="അഴീക്കോടുമായി തര്ക്കിക്കണം: ഇന്നസെന്റ്">{{Cite web |url=https://malayalam.oneindia.com/news/2011/12/17/kerala-innocent-visits-sukumar-azhikode-hospital-aid0032.html |title=അഴീക്കോടുമായി തര്ക്കിക്കണം: ഇന്നസെന്റ് |last=Babu |first=Ajith |date=2011-12-17 |website=malayalam.oneindia.com |language=ml |access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref> and contested an election to the Lok Sabha, unsuccessfully, the only time he was involved in active politics.<ref name="Malayalam writer Sukumar Azhikode passes away">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/malayalam-writer-sukumar-azhikode-passes-away/20120124.htm |title=Malayalam writer Sukumar Azhikode passes away |website=Rediff |access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref> | ||
== Awards and honours == | == Awards and honours == | ||
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=== Memoirs and personal writings === | === Memoirs and personal writings === | ||
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=98282&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Azhikode |title=Arangukaliloode | | * {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=98282&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Azhikode |title=Arangukaliloode |last1=Sukumar Azheekode |last2=Jayprakash Peringottukurissi |date=2011 |publisher=D C Books |isbn=9788126430086 |location=Kottayam}} | ||
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=215703&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Azhikode |title=Oru Koottam Pazhaya Kathukal |last=Sukumar Azhikode |date=1963 |publisher=Mathrubhumi |location=Mathrubhumi}} | * {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=215703&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Azhikode |title=Oru Koottam Pazhaya Kathukal |last=Sukumar Azhikode |date=1963 |publisher=Mathrubhumi |location=Mathrubhumi}} | ||
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=223319&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Azhikode |title=Azheekodinde Prabashanangal |last=Sukumar Azhikode |date=1995 |publisher=Thrissur Current |location=Thrissur Current}} | * {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=223319&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Azhikode |title=Azheekodinde Prabashanangal |last=Sukumar Azhikode |date=1995 |publisher=Thrissur Current |location=Thrissur Current}} | ||
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=== Translations === | === Translations === | ||
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=285025&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Azhikode |title=Huckleberry Finninte Vikramangal | | * {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=285025&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Azhikode |title=Huckleberry Finninte Vikramangal |last1=Twain |first1=Mark |last2=Sukumar Azhikode |date=2009 |publisher=Green books |isbn=9788184231540 |location=Thrissur}} | ||
== See also == | |||
* [[List of Indian writers]] | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
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== External links == | == External links == | ||
{{commons category|Sukumar Azhikode}} | {{commons category|Sukumar Azhikode}} | ||
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yua16G4LHQE |title="Vaakkinte Kadal"-Special Program on Sukumar Azhikode Part 1 |last=asianetnews |date=January 23, 2012 |website=YouTube |access-date=2019-02-06}} | * {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yua16G4LHQE |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/yua16G4LHQE |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title="Vaakkinte Kadal"-Special Program on Sukumar Azhikode Part 1 |last=asianetnews |date=January 23, 2012 |website=YouTube |access-date=2019-02-06}}{{cbignore}} | ||
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o85eIjPpWfk |title="Vaakkinte Kadal"-Special Program on Sukumar Azhikode Part 2 |last=asianetnews |date=January 23, 2012 |website=YouTube |access-date=2019-02-06}} | * {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o85eIjPpWfk |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/o85eIjPpWfk |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title="Vaakkinte Kadal"-Special Program on Sukumar Azhikode Part 2 |last=asianetnews |date=January 23, 2012 |website=YouTube |access-date=2019-02-06}}{{cbignore}} | ||
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8C5mZzxCXI |title=Sukumar Azhikode - Life and Work (Malayalam) |last=TK Kochunarayanan |date=May 2, 2016 |website=YouTube |access-date=2019-02-06}} | * {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8C5mZzxCXI |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/x8C5mZzxCXI |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Sukumar Azhikode - Life and Work (Malayalam) |last=TK Kochunarayanan |date=May 2, 2016 |website=YouTube |access-date=2019-02-06}}{{cbignore}} | ||
{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Malayalam}} | {{Sahitya Akademi Award For Malayalam}} | ||
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{{Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship}} | {{Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship}} | ||
{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}} | {{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}} | ||
{{Vayalar Awards}} | |||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}} | ||
{{Portal bar|Biography|India|Literature|Books}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Azhikode, Sukumar}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Azhikode, Sukumar}} | ||