Manipravalam

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Manipravalam (Malayalam: Maṇipravāḷam, മണിപ്രവാളം, Grantha: 𑌮𑌣𑌿𑌪𑍍𑌰𑌵𑌾𑌳𑌂) is a macaronic language found in some manuscripts of South India. It is a hybrid language, typically written in the Grantha script, which combines Sanskrit lexicon and Tamil language morpho-syntax.[1][2][3] According to language scholars Giovanni Ciotti and Marco Franceschini, the blending of Tamil and Sanskrit is evidenced in manuscripts and their colophons over a long period of time, and this ultimately may have contributed to the emergence of Manipravalam.[4] However the 14th century Sanskrit work Lilatilakam states that Manipravalam is a combination of Tamil and Sanskrit.[5] Generally it is agreed that it was a combination of Tamil with Sanskrit.[5]

Mani-pravalam literally means 'diamond-coral',[6] and it likely played a role in the growth of the Malayalam literature and Malayalam script. The Kerala scholars distinguished Manipravalam from Pattu, the former being significantly influenced by Sanskrit and the latter predominantly Kerala Bhasha.[7] Manipravalam has been used for poetry manuscripts that combine Tamil and Sanskrit, as well as South Indian works on eroticism. The 14th-century Lilatilakam text states Manipravalam to be a Bhashya (language) where "Tamil and Sanskrit should combine together like ruby and coral, without the least trace of any discord".[7][8]

Effect on the history of the Malayalam script[edit]

It is suggested that the advent of the Manipravalam style, where letters of the Grantha script coexisted with the traditional Vatteluttu letters, made it easier for people in Kerala to accept a Grantha-based script Ārya eḻuttŭ, and paved the way for the introduction of the new writing system.[9] Eventually Vaṭṭeḻuttŭ was almost completely supplanted by the modern Malayalam script.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Giovanni Ciotti; Hang Lin (2016). Tracing Manuscripts in Time and Space through Paratexts. Walter De Gruyter. pp. 62–63. ISBN 978-3-11-047901-0.
  2. ↑ Blackburn, Stuart (2006). Print, folklore, and nationalism in colonial South India. New York, Springer. p. 29. After about AD 1500, translations from Sanskrit did appear, and unassimilated words began to flood literary Malayalam; eventually a hybrid idiom (manipravalam) mixing Sanskrit and Tamil words, and Sanskrit words with Tamil inflections, was devised
  3. ↑ The Illustrated weekly of India, (1965). Volume 86. Bennett, Coleman & Co., Ltd. pp. 35-37
  4. ↑ Giovanni Ciotti; Hang Lin (2016). Tracing Manuscripts in Time and Space through Paratexts. Walter De Gruyter. pp. 62–68. ISBN 978-3-11-047901-0.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 T. K. Krishna Menon (1990). A Primer of Malayalam Literature. p. 9.
  6. ↑ "Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit". spokensanskrit.org. Retrieved 2019-04-09.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Sheldon Pollock; Arvind Raghunathan (19 May 2003). Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia. University of California Press. pp. 449, 455–472. ISBN 978-0-520-22821-4.
  8. ↑ Ke Rāmacandr̲an Nāyar (1971). Early Manipravalam: a study. Anjali. Foreign Language Study. pp. 78
  9. ↑ "Alphabets". Government of Kerala. Archived from the original on 2009-11-09. Retrieved 2009-10-31.

Further reading[edit]

  • Malayalam - From God's Own Country, Bhasha Ind
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