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{{Infobox deity | {{Infobox deity | ||
| | | type = Meitei | ||
| | | name = Taoroinai <br /> ({{lang-omp|Taoloinai}}) | ||
|deity_of=Serpentine | | deity_of = Serpentine Dragon God of the Moon<ref name="google4">History of Modern Manipur, 1826-1949 - Page 190 - Lal Dena · 1991</ref><ref name = "google1">{{cite book| last = Lisam| first = Khomdan Singh| title = Encyclopaedia Of Manipur (3 Vol.| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6d-IyINtk4C&dq=taoroinai&pg=PA578| year = 2011| isbn = 978-81-7835-864-2| page = 578 }}</ref> | ||
|affiliation=[[ | | member_of = [[Meitei dragons]] | ||
| | | image = File:Leithak Leikharol.jpg | ||
|texts=[[Sakok Lamlen]]<ref> | | alt = <!-- for alternate text of the title image per [[WP:ALT]] --> | ||
|Hinduism_equivalent= | | caption = Dragon God Taoroinai depicted as the ultimate form of life in the [[Leithak Leikharol]] text | ||
| other_names = | |||
* Taoroinai Pakhangba ({{lang-omp|Taoloinai Pakhangpa}}) | |||
* Tauroinai Pakhangba ({{lang-omp|Tauloinai Pakhangpa}}) | |||
| hiro = | |||
| Old_Norse = | |||
| script_name = Name in Meitei abugida | |||
| script = [[File:TAOROINAI.jpg|thumb]] | |||
| affiliation = [[Meitei mythology]] ([[Manipuri mythology]]) and [[Meitei religion]] ([[Sanamahism]])<ref name = "google2"> North East India History Association. Session (1989). Proceedings of North East India History Association. The Association</ref> | |||
| cult_center = [[Kangla]] | |||
| abodes = [[moon]] and [[earth]]<ref name = "google3">Singh, Wahengbam Ibohal (1986). The History of Manipur: An early period. Manipur Commercial Company.</ref> | |||
| planet = <!-- or | world = --> | |||
| weapon = <!-- or | weapons = --> | |||
| battles = | |||
| artifacts = <!-- or | artefacts = --> | |||
| animals = | |||
| symbol = <!-- or | symbols = --> | |||
| adherents = | |||
| height = | |||
| age = | |||
| tree = | |||
| day = | |||
| color = <!-- or | colour = --> | |||
| number = | |||
| consort = <!-- or | consorts = --> | |||
| parents = | |||
| siblings = | |||
| offspring = <!-- or | children = --> | |||
| predecessor = | |||
| successor = | |||
| army = | |||
| mount = | |||
| texts = | |||
* [[Leithak Leikharol]] | |||
* [[Sakok Lamlen]]<ref name="google4" /> | |||
| gender = Male | |||
| Greek_equivalent = | |||
| Roman_equivalent = | |||
| Etruscan_equivalent = | |||
| Christian_equivalent = | |||
| Slavic_equivalent = | |||
| Hinduism_equivalent = | |||
| Canaanite_equivalent = | |||
| equivalent1_type = | |||
| equivalent1 = | |||
| equivalent2_type = | |||
| equivalent2 = | |||
| region = [[Ancient Kangleipak]] ([[Antique Manipur]]) | |||
| ethnic_group = [[Meitei ethnicity]] | |||
| festivals = | |||
}} | }} | ||
''' | {{Meitei deities}} | ||
'''Taoroinai''' ({{lang-mni|ꯇꯥꯎꯔꯣꯢꯅꯥꯢ|taau-roy-naay}})({{lang-omp|ꯇꯥꯎꯂꯣꯢꯅꯥꯢ|taau-loy-naay}}) is a snake like [[Meitei dragons|dragon]] in [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei religion|religion]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book| last1 = Dzuvichu| first1 = Lipokmar| last2 = Baruah| first2 = Manjeet| title = Modern Practices in North East India: History, Culture, Representation| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=C2Q-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA350| year = 2017| publisher = Taylor & Francis| isbn = 978-1-351-27134-9| page = 350 }}</ref><ref name="google1"/> It lived in the land of the [[moon]].<ref name="google3"/> | |||
According to the [[Shakok Lamlen]], the [[Kangla]] was constructed over the navel of Taoroinai.<ref name="google4"/> | |||
== | == Mythology == | ||
=== Taoroinai from the moon to the earth === | |||
According to the [[Sanggai Phammang]], Taoroinai lived on the moon. He was ordered by God [[Atingkok|Atiya]] to carry on His image to the earth.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.463276/page/n267/mode/2up?q=Taoroinai|title=The History Of Manipur|last=Singh|first=Wahengbam Ibohal|website=archive.org|pages=267}}</ref> He swallowed the image of the God in his mouth. He brought it down. He came down with the image. He lived inside the earth. The God's image was later born as a divine boy.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.463276/page/n268/mode/2up?q=Taoroinai|title=The History Of Manipur|last=Singh|first=Wahengbam Ibohal|website=archive.org|pages=268}}</ref> | |||
==References== | === Taoroinai and the Heavenly egg === | ||
According to the [[Leithak Leikharol]] and the [[Krathok Lamlen]], Taoroinai went to the Heaven in disguise of ''Tupu'' (officer in charge) and brought down the divine cloud egg (nonglum) of [[Atingkok|Atiya]]. He gave the egg to a [[polyandry|polyandrous]] person. Later, the egg became [[Pakhangba]].<ref name="google2"/><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12897/page/385/mode/2up?q=Taoroinai|title=MEDIEVAL INDIAN LITERATURE AN ANTHOLOGY VOL. 3|last=N.A|date=1959|publisher=SAHITYA AKADEMI, NEW DELHI|pages=385}}</ref> | |||
According to the [[Meihourol Makok Latam]], God [[Atingkok|Atiya]] wanted to create an earthly king from his own body. He asked goddess [[Leimarel Sidabi]] to call Taoroinai. Taoroinai was asked by Leimaren to bring the image of God Atiya in the shape of Nonglum (egg of cloud). Goddess Leimaren received the heavenly egg containing another God. After this, Leimaren was also known as Yaibirok ({{lang-omp|Yaipilok}}).<ref name=":2" /> | |||
According to the [[Leimaren Naoyom]], Taoroinai gave an embryonic egg to [[Leimarel Sidabi]], a solar goddess (or a celestial goddess). Later, goddess Leimaren (alias Yaibirok) gave birth to [[Pakhangba]].<ref name=":2" /> | |||
=== Taoroinai and the solar sperm === | |||
According to the [[Pakhangba Nonggarol]], Taoroinai brought a God from the centre of the [[Sun]] as a [[sperm]] inside his body after the completion of the creation of the universe. He gave it to goddess Leinung Yaipirok (alias [[Leimarel Sidabi]]).<ref name=":2" /> | |||
=== Taoroinai and the Kangla === | |||
[[File:Leithak Leikharol 1.jpg|thumb|300px|The ''Thon Talet Thonlanmei'' showing Taoroinai as the ultimate form of life]] | |||
The ''Thon Talet Thonlanmei'' shows the seven layers of the Royal Palace in the [[Kangla]]. It shows the gradual evolution of the mankind. According to the illustration, the mankind ascended from the lowest form to the highest form. The forms are (1) fish, (2) snake, (3) tortoise, (4) boar, (5) cow, (6) elephant and (7) man and finally Taoroinai. Taoroinai is shown as the ultimate form of life.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhUHEAAAQBAJ&dq=taoroinai&pg=PA416|title=The Cultural Heritage of Manipur|last1=Meitei|first1=Sanjenbam Yaiphaba|last2=Chaudhuri|first2=Sarit K.|last3=Arunkumar|first3=M. C.|date=2020-11-25|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-000-29629-7|pages=416|language=en}}</ref> | |||
According to the [[Kangla Houba]] (alias the [[Kanglalon]]) written by Ashangbam Laiba in the 5th century, Meitei King [[Naophangba]] attempted to construct a new palace in the [[Kangla]]. The king's plan was rejected by 13 year old [[Maichou]] Ashangbam Laiba. During that time, blood gushed out of the holes of the erecting pillars. It was believed that the erecting pillars struck the body of God Taoroinai.<ref name=":1">History of Modern Manipur, 1826-1949 - Page 191 - Lal Dena · 1991</ref><ref name="google1"/> So, the King requested Ashangbam Laiba to rectify the pillar position. Laiba did as requested. Later, without any chaos, a seven storied palace building was able to be constructed in the [[Kangla]].<ref name=":1" /> | |||
=== Taoroinai's dance === | |||
According to the [[Anoirol]], Lady Toibi Tanka Nubi (alias Tankha Chanu) danced with her father Taoroinai. She learned how to dance from Taoroinai step by step and movement by movement. They danced together. Other living beings also imitated their way of dancing. It was performed to celebrate happiness of the removal of the Lingkam Laikam curse. The curse was removed by the ancestors.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhUHEAAAQBAJ&dq=taoroinai&pg=PA269|title=The Cultural Heritage of Manipur|last1=Meitei|first1=Sanjenbam Yaiphaba|last2=Chaudhuri|first2=Sarit K.|last3=Arunkumar|first3=M. C.|date=2020-11-25|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-000-29629-7|pages=269|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> | |||
Seven maidens namely Tankha, Phuitingwak, Khuyon, Phuitingloubi, Toura, Nongdang and Lengbi and nine gods learned how to dance from Dragon Father Taoroinai. The rhythmic and smooth dancing of the maidens surprised all the creatures of the world. All the creatures came out and started to dance. The movements of Lady Tankha Chanu resembled that of the [[snake]]. Her steps destroyed all the plants and the flowers on her way. It is believed that the place of her enactment of the dance is the Mahou Phaibok hill.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
Seeing the daughter-father dance, a male [[squirrel]] imitated their dance. Seeing him dancing, a female squirrel also danced. The son squirrel laughed at his mother squirrel. At this, the female squirrel was embarrassed. The dancing squirrels were later joined by other creatures. And so, the dance never ended.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
== Related pages == | |||
* [[Korouhanba]] - Sun God | |||
* [[Pakhangba]] - Celestial Dragon | |||
* [[Poubi Lai]] - Water Dragon | |||
* [[Nongshaba]] - Dragon Lion | |||
== References == | |||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
== Other websites == | |||
* [https://archive.org/search.php?query=Taoroinai&sin=TXT Internet Archive - Taoroinai] | |||
[[Category:Meitei folklore]] | |||
[[Category:Meitei gods and goddesses]] | |||
[[Category:Meitei mythology]] | [[Category:Meitei mythology]] | ||
{{simple-Wikipedia}} | {{simple-Wikipedia}} | ||
Revision as of 18:59, 16 March 2022
| Taoroinai (Old Manipuri: Taoloinai) | |
|---|---|
| Member of Meitei dragons | |
| Error creating thumbnail: File missing Dragon God Taoroinai depicted as the ultimate form of life in the Leithak Leikharol text | |
| Other names |
|
| Name in Meitei abugida | |
| Affiliation | Meitei mythology (Manipuri mythology) and Meitei religion (Sanamahism)[3] |
| Major cult center | Kangla |
| Abodes | moon and earth[4] |
| Texts | |
| Gender | Male |
| Region | Ancient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur) |
| Ethnic group | Meitei ethnicity |
Taoroinai (Meitei: ꯇꯥꯎꯔꯣꯢꯅꯥꯢ, romanized: taau-roy-naay)(Old Manipuri: ꯇꯥꯎꯂꯣꯢꯅꯥꯢ, romanized: taau-loy-naay) is a snake like dragon in Meitei mythology and religion.[5][2] It lived in the land of the moon.[4] According to the Shakok Lamlen, the Kangla was constructed over the navel of Taoroinai.[1]
Mythology
Taoroinai from the moon to the earth
According to the Sanggai Phammang, Taoroinai lived on the moon. He was ordered by God Atiya to carry on His image to the earth.[6] He swallowed the image of the God in his mouth. He brought it down. He came down with the image. He lived inside the earth. The God's image was later born as a divine boy.[7]
Taoroinai and the Heavenly egg
According to the Leithak Leikharol and the Krathok Lamlen, Taoroinai went to the Heaven in disguise of Tupu (officer in charge) and brought down the divine cloud egg (nonglum) of Atiya. He gave the egg to a polyandrous person. Later, the egg became Pakhangba.[3][7][8]
According to the Meihourol Makok Latam, God Atiya wanted to create an earthly king from his own body. He asked goddess Leimarel Sidabi to call Taoroinai. Taoroinai was asked by Leimaren to bring the image of God Atiya in the shape of Nonglum (egg of cloud). Goddess Leimaren received the heavenly egg containing another God. After this, Leimaren was also known as Yaibirok (Old Manipuri: Yaipilok).[7]
According to the Leimaren Naoyom, Taoroinai gave an embryonic egg to Leimarel Sidabi, a solar goddess (or a celestial goddess). Later, goddess Leimaren (alias Yaibirok) gave birth to Pakhangba.[7]
Taoroinai and the solar sperm
According to the Pakhangba Nonggarol, Taoroinai brought a God from the centre of the Sun as a sperm inside his body after the completion of the creation of the universe. He gave it to goddess Leinung Yaipirok (alias Leimarel Sidabi).[7]
Taoroinai and the Kangla
The Thon Talet Thonlanmei shows the seven layers of the Royal Palace in the Kangla. It shows the gradual evolution of the mankind. According to the illustration, the mankind ascended from the lowest form to the highest form. The forms are (1) fish, (2) snake, (3) tortoise, (4) boar, (5) cow, (6) elephant and (7) man and finally Taoroinai. Taoroinai is shown as the ultimate form of life.[9]
According to the Kangla Houba (alias the Kanglalon) written by Ashangbam Laiba in the 5th century, Meitei King Naophangba attempted to construct a new palace in the Kangla. The king's plan was rejected by 13 year old Maichou Ashangbam Laiba. During that time, blood gushed out of the holes of the erecting pillars. It was believed that the erecting pillars struck the body of God Taoroinai.[10][2] So, the King requested Ashangbam Laiba to rectify the pillar position. Laiba did as requested. Later, without any chaos, a seven storied palace building was able to be constructed in the Kangla.[10]
Taoroinai's dance
According to the Anoirol, Lady Toibi Tanka Nubi (alias Tankha Chanu) danced with her father Taoroinai. She learned how to dance from Taoroinai step by step and movement by movement. They danced together. Other living beings also imitated their way of dancing. It was performed to celebrate happiness of the removal of the Lingkam Laikam curse. The curse was removed by the ancestors.[11][5]
Seven maidens namely Tankha, Phuitingwak, Khuyon, Phuitingloubi, Toura, Nongdang and Lengbi and nine gods learned how to dance from Dragon Father Taoroinai. The rhythmic and smooth dancing of the maidens surprised all the creatures of the world. All the creatures came out and started to dance. The movements of Lady Tankha Chanu resembled that of the snake. Her steps destroyed all the plants and the flowers on her way. It is believed that the place of her enactment of the dance is the Mahou Phaibok hill.[5]
Seeing the daughter-father dance, a male squirrel imitated their dance. Seeing him dancing, a female squirrel also danced. The son squirrel laughed at his mother squirrel. At this, the female squirrel was embarrassed. The dancing squirrels were later joined by other creatures. And so, the dance never ended.[5]
Related pages
- Korouhanba - Sun God
- Pakhangba - Celestial Dragon
- Poubi Lai - Water Dragon
- Nongshaba - Dragon Lion
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 History of Modern Manipur, 1826-1949 - Page 190 - Lal Dena · 1991
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lisam, Khomdan Singh (2011). Encyclopaedia Of Manipur (3 Vol. p. 578. ISBN 978-81-7835-864-2.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 North East India History Association. Session (1989). Proceedings of North East India History Association. The Association
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Singh, Wahengbam Ibohal (1986). The History of Manipur: An early period. Manipur Commercial Company.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Dzuvichu, Lipokmar; Baruah, Manjeet (2017). Modern Practices in North East India: History, Culture, Representation. Taylor & Francis. p. 350. ISBN 978-1-351-27134-9.
- ↑ Singh, Wahengbam Ibohal. The History Of Manipur. p. 267.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help) - ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Singh, Wahengbam Ibohal. The History Of Manipur. p. 268.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help) - ↑ N.A (1959). MEDIEVAL INDIAN LITERATURE AN ANTHOLOGY VOL. 3. SAHITYA AKADEMI, NEW DELHI. p. 385.
- ↑ Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020-11-25). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur. Routledge. p. 416. ISBN 978-1-000-29629-7.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 History of Modern Manipur, 1826-1949 - Page 191 - Lal Dena · 1991
- ↑ Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020-11-25). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur. Routledge. p. 269. ISBN 978-1-000-29629-7.
Other websites