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{{short description|Military leader in Shivaji's Army}}
{{short description|Military leader in Shivaji's Army}}
{{ Infobox royalty
| name          = Tanaji Malusare
| image          = Tanaji Malusare.jpg
| caption        = Memorial of Tanaji Malusare The Subedar at [[Sinhagad]] fort
| succession    = Military general (Subhedar) of the [[Maratha Empire]]
| reign          =
| coronation    =
| birth_date    = Godavli, Javali Taluka Satara, Maharashtra
| birth_place    =
| death_date    = {{death date|1670|2|4|df=y}}
| death_place    = [[Sinhagad]] <br>([[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]])
| spouse        = Savitri
| issue          = Rayaba
| issue-type    = Children
|dynasty=
| house          =
| father        = Kaloji Malusare
| mother        = Parvatibai
| religion      = [[Hinduism]] }}


'''Tanaji Malusare''' was a military assistant of [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] ruler [[Shivaji]]. A local poet Tulsidas,{{efn|Not to be confused with [[Tulsidas|Goswami Tulsidas]]}} wrote a [[powada]] describing Tanaji's heroics and sacrifice of life in the [[Battle of Sinhagad]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32141/page/n203/mode/2up/search/tanaji|title=New History of the Marathas (Vol I)|last=Sardesai|first=Sakharam Govind|date=1946|website=Internet Archive|access-date=February 25, 2020}}</ref> which has since made him a popular figure in Marathi folklore.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kantak|first=M. R.|date=1978|journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute|volume=38|issue=1/4|pages=51|issn=0045-9801|jstor=42931051|title=The Political Role of Different Hindu Castes and Communities in Maharashtra in the Foundation of Shivaji's Swarajya}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections, An Anthology, Volume One|page=375|editor=K. Ayyappa Paniker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA375|isbn=9788126003655|year=1997}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rao|first=Vasanta Dinanath|date=1939|title=SIDE-LIGHT ON THE MARATHA LIFE FROM THE BARDIC (शाहिरी) LITERATURE OF THE 18th CENTURY|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=3|pages=1194–1212|issn=2249-1937|jstor=44252466}}</ref>{{efn|The text has not been dated conclusively. It is popularly accepted to be written not long after the Battle; however, some scholars have claimed the text to have been written in the eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Raeside|first=Ian|date=July 1978|title=A Note on the 'Twelve Mavals' of Poona District|journal=Modern Asian Studies|language=en|volume=12|issue=3|pages=394|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00006211|issn=1469-8099}}</ref>}} He came from a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] [[Koli people|Koli]] family.<ref name="Hardiman">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ&q=Tanaji|title=Histories for the Subordinated|author=David Hardiman|date=2007|publisher=Seagull Books|isbn=9781905422388|page=103|language=en|quote=When Shivaji began his revolt in the following decade, the Kolis were amongst the first to join him under the leadership of the Sirnayak Khemi and they played a leading role in helping Shivaji to consolidate his power. The Koli Tanaji Malusare...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardiman|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ|title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India|date=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-563956-8|pages=221|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Shibani|title=Koli culture: a profile of the culture of Talpad vistar|date=1983|publisher=Cosmo|pages=25|language=en|oclc=11970517}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Chandra|first=Satish|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1BRuAAAAMAAJ|title=Essays on Medieval Indian History|date=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-566336-5|language=en}}</ref>
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Subedar]]
| name          = Tanaji Malusare
| honorific_suffix = Chief of [[Mavala]]s
| native_name  = तानाजी मालुसरे
| native_name_lang = mr
| image        = File:Tanaji Malusare.jpg
| caption      = Bronze bust of Tanaji Malusare, [[Sinhagad]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| death_date    = 4 February 1670
| birth_place  = Godavli, [[Javali]] Taluka, [[Satara district|Satara]], Maharashtra
| death_place  = [[Sinhagad]], [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| nickname      = Mard Mavala Tana
| birth_name    = Tanaji Malusare
| allegiance    = [[Maratha Empire]]
| branch        = [[Maratha Army]]
| rank          = [[Subedar]]
| unit          = [[Mavala]]
| battles      = [[Battle of Sinhagad]], [[Battle of Torna]], [[Battle of Sangamner]], [[Battle of Umberkhind]]
| spouse        = Savitri
| children      = Rayaba
}}
 
'''Tanaji Malusare''' was a military [[General]] of the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] [[Chhatrapati]] [[Shivaji]] [[Maharaja|Maharaj]]. A local poet [[Tulsidas]],{{efn|Not to be confused with [[Tulsidas|Goswami Tulsidas]]}} wrote a [[powada]] describing Tanaji's heroics and sacrifice of life in the [[Battle of Sinhagad]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32141/page/n203/mode/2up/search/tanaji|title=New History of the Marathas (Vol I)|last=Sardesai|first=Sakharam Govind|date=1946|website=Internet Archive|access-date=February 25, 2020}}</ref> which has since made him a popular figure in Marathi folklore.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kantak|first=M. R.|date=1978|journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute|volume=38|issue=1/4|pages=51|issn=0045-9801|jstor=42931051|title=The Political Role of Different Hindu Castes and Communities in Maharashtra in the Foundation of Shivaji's Swarajya}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections, An Anthology, Volume One|page=375|editor=K. Ayyappa Paniker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA375|isbn=9788126003655|year=1997}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rao|first=Vasanta Dinanath|date=1939|title=SIDE-LIGHT ON THE MARATHA LIFE FROM THE BARDIC (शाहिरी) LITERATURE OF THE 18th CENTURY|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=3|pages=1194–1212|issn=2249-1937|jstor=44252466}}</ref>{{efn|The text has not been dated conclusively. It is popularly accepted to be written not long after the Battle; however, some scholars have claimed the text to have been written in the eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Raeside|first=Ian|date=July 1978|title=A Note on the 'Twelve Mavals' of Poona District|journal=Modern Asian Studies|language=en|volume=12|issue=3|pages=394|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00006211|issn=1469-8099}}</ref>}} He came from a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] [[Koli people|Koli]] family.<ref name="Hardiman">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ&q=Tanaji|title=Histories for the Subordinated|author=David Hardiman|date=2007|publisher=Seagull Books|isbn=9781905422388|page=103|language=en|quote=When Shivaji began his revolt in the following decade, the Kolis were amongst the first to join him under the leadership of the Sirnayak Khemi and they played a leading role in helping Shivaji to consolidate his power. The Koli Tanaji Malusare...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardiman|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ|title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India|date=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-563956-8|pages=221|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Shibani|title=Koli culture: a profile of the culture of Talpad vistar|date=1983|publisher=Cosmo|pages=25|language=en|oclc=11970517}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Chandra|first=Satish|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1BRuAAAAMAAJ|title=Essays on Medieval Indian History|date=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-566336-5|language=en}}</ref>


==Battle of Sinhagad==
==Battle of Sinhagad==
{{main|Battle of Sinhagad}}
{{main|Battle of Sinhagad}}
[[Sinhagad]] (formerly known as Kondhana) was one of the first forts which [[Shivaji|Chhatrapati Shivaji]] re-captured from the [[Mughal Empire]]. The capture was made possible by scaling the walls at night with ladders made of rope. A fight followed in which Tanhaji was killed but the fort was won.
Kondhana, outside [[Pune]], was one of the first forts that [[Shivaji]] wanted to re-capture from the [[Mughal Empire]], after the truce between the two parties broke down in 1670. Tanaji was asked to lead the task. Legend says that Tanaji agreed to lead even though that meant postponing his son's wedding.<ref>{{cite book|title=Perspectives in Indian History: From the Origins to AD 1857|author=M. Jankiraman Ph.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36AGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT346|isbn=9781649839954|year=2020}}</ref>
 
The capture of the fort was made possible by scaling the walls at night with ladders made of rope. The campaign to recapture the fort ended with victory for the Marathas, but at the cost of Tanaji losing his life in the battle.<ref name='malu'>{{cite book|title=Perspectives in Indian History: From the Origins to AD 1857|author=M. Jankiraman Ph.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36AGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT347|isbn=9781649839954|year=2020}}</ref>
 
The fort was renamed [[Sinhagad]] (Lion's fort) by Shivaji in honor of Tanaji, the lion.<ref name='malu' />


==In popular culture==  
==In popular culture==  
* Hindutva Ideologue [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar|V.D. Savarkar]] had written a ballad on him, which was banned by the colonial British government.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzisCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT7755|title=Censorship: A World Encyclopedia|publisher=Routledge|year=2001|editor=Derek Jones|isbn=9781136798634}}</ref>
* Hindutva Ideologue [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]] had written a ballad on him, which was banned by the colonial British government.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzisCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT7755|title=Censorship: A World Encyclopedia|publisher=Routledge|year=2001|editor=Derek Jones|isbn=9781136798634}}</ref>
* ''Gad aala pan sinh gela'' (गड आला पण सिंह गेला) a Marathi novel by [[Hari Narayan Apte]] was written in 1903, based on his life.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Indian Literature, Volume 1|author=Sisir Kumar Das|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sHklK65TKQ0C&pg=PA532|page=532|isbn=9788172010065}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uV8RAQAAIAAJ|title=Gaḍa ālā, paṇa sīha gelā|last=Apte|first=Hari Narayan|publisher=Ramyakathā Prakāśana|year=1903|location=Pune|language=mr}}</ref>  
* ''Gad aala pan sinh gela'' (गड आला पण सिंह गेला) a Marathi novel by [[Hari Narayan Apte]] was written in 1903, based on his life.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Indian Literature, Volume 1|author=Sisir Kumar Das|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sHklK65TKQ0C&pg=PA532|page=532|isbn=9788172010065}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uV8RAQAAIAAJ|title=Gaḍa ālā, paṇa sīha gelā|last=Apte|first=Hari Narayan|publisher=Ramyakathā Prakāśana|year=1903|location=Pune|language=mr}}</ref>  
* ''[[Sinhagad (film)|Sinhagad]]'', a 1933 Marathi film was produced by [[Baburao Painter]], based on the 1903 novel.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1994-IA239|access-date=10 February 2015|year=2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-135-94325-7|page=239}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofw00geof|url-access=registration|title=The Oxford History of World Cinema|last=Nowell-Smith|first=Geoffrey|date=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-874242-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofw00geof/page/403 403]|language=en|access-date=2020-01-14}}</ref>  
* ''[[Sinhagad (film)|Sinhagad]]'', a 1933 Marathi film was produced by [[Baburao Painter]], based on the 1903 novel.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1994-IA239|access-date=10 February 2015|year=2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-135-94325-7|page=239}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofw00geof|url-access=registration|title=The Oxford History of World Cinema|last=Nowell-Smith|first=Geoffrey|date=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-874242-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofw00geof/page/403 403]|language=en|access-date=2020-01-14}}</ref>  
Line 35: Line 42:
* In the 2019 [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language epic ''[[Fatteshikast]]'', Tanaji Malusare is portrayed by Ajay Purkar.
* In the 2019 [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language epic ''[[Fatteshikast]]'', Tanaji Malusare is portrayed by Ajay Purkar.
* Bollywood actor-producer [[Ajay Devgn]] produced and headlined a film based on his life titled ''[[Tanhaji]]'', which was released on 10 January 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://moviealles.com/movies/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-movie-wiki-news-cast-crew-release-date/|title=Taanaji The Unsung Warrior movie on Movie Alles|date=2018-06-22|work=Movie Alles|access-date=2018-09-05|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214721/https://moviealles.com/movies/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-movie-wiki-news-cast-crew-release-date/|archive-date=2018-09-05|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Bollywood actor-producer [[Ajay Devgn]] produced and headlined a film based on his life titled ''[[Tanhaji]]'', which was released on 10 January 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://moviealles.com/movies/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-movie-wiki-news-cast-crew-release-date/|title=Taanaji The Unsung Warrior movie on Movie Alles|date=2018-06-22|work=Movie Alles|access-date=2018-09-05|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214721/https://moviealles.com/movies/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-movie-wiki-news-cast-crew-release-date/|archive-date=2018-09-05|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Tanaji's famous vow during Kondana campaign “Aadhi lagin kondhanyache mag mazya Raybache”.jpg|thumb|right|Tanaji's makes a vow in front of [[Shivaji]] and [[Jijabai]] before the campaign for Kondana fort.<!-- Need to cite a reputable source if you wish to add ''“Aadhi lagin kondhanyache mag mazya Raybache”'' to this image.-->]]
[[File:Tanaji's famous vow during Kondana campaign “Aadhi lagin kondhanyache mag mazya Raybache”.jpg|thumb|right| An early 20th century depiction by [[M.V. Dhurandhar]] of Tanaji's vow to [[Shivaji]] and [[Jijabai]] in the presence of his son and uncle before the campaign for Kondana fort.<!-- Need to cite a reputable source if you wish to add ''“Aadhi lagin kondhanyache mag mazya Raybache”'' to this image.-->]]


==See also==
==See also==
Line 53: Line 60:


{{DEFAULTSORT:Malusare, Tanaji}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Malusare, Tanaji}}
[[Category:Koli people]]
[[Category:1670 deaths]]
[[Category:1670 deaths]]
[[Category:People of the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:People of the Maratha Empire]]

Revision as of 00:41, 7 November 2021


Subedar

Tanaji Malusare

Chief of Mavalas
Bronze bust of Tanaji Malusare, Sinhagad, Maharashtra, India
Native name
तानाजी मालुसरे
Birth nameTanaji Malusare
Nickname(s)Mard Mavala Tana
BornGodavli, Javali Taluka, Satara, Maharashtra
Died4 February 1670
Sinhagad, Pune, Maharashtra, India
AllegianceMaratha Empire
Service/branchMaratha Army
RankSubedar
UnitMavala
Battles/warsBattle of Sinhagad, Battle of Torna, Battle of Sangamner, Battle of Umberkhind
Spouse(s)Savitri
ChildrenRayaba

Tanaji Malusare was a military General of the Maratha Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. A local poet Tulsidas,[lower-alpha 1] wrote a powada describing Tanaji's heroics and sacrifice of life in the Battle of Sinhagad,[1] which has since made him a popular figure in Marathi folklore.[2][3][4][lower-alpha 2] He came from a Hindu Koli family.[6][7][8][9]

Battle of Sinhagad

Main article: Battle of Sinhagad

Kondhana, outside Pune, was one of the first forts that Shivaji wanted to re-capture from the Mughal Empire, after the truce between the two parties broke down in 1670. Tanaji was asked to lead the task. Legend says that Tanaji agreed to lead even though that meant postponing his son's wedding.[10]

The capture of the fort was made possible by scaling the walls at night with ladders made of rope. The campaign to recapture the fort ended with victory for the Marathas, but at the cost of Tanaji losing his life in the battle.[11]

The fort was renamed Sinhagad (Lion's fort) by Shivaji in honor of Tanaji, the lion.[11]

In popular culture

An early 20th century depiction by M.V. Dhurandhar of Tanaji's vow to Shivaji and Jijabai in the presence of his son and uncle before the campaign for Kondana fort.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Not to be confused with Goswami Tulsidas
  2. ↑ The text has not been dated conclusively. It is popularly accepted to be written not long after the Battle; however, some scholars have claimed the text to have been written in the eighteenth century.[5]

References

  1. ↑ Sardesai, Sakharam Govind (1946). "New History of the Marathas (Vol I)". Internet Archive. Retrieved February 25, 2020.
  2. ↑ Kantak, M. R. (1978). "The Political Role of Different Hindu Castes and Communities in Maharashtra in the Foundation of Shivaji's Swarajya". Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute. 38 (1/4): 51. ISSN 0045-9801. JSTOR 42931051.
  3. ↑ K. Ayyappa Paniker, ed. (1997). Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections, An Anthology, Volume One. p. 375. ISBN 9788126003655.
  4. ↑ Rao, Vasanta Dinanath (1939). "SIDE-LIGHT ON THE MARATHA LIFE FROM THE BARDIC (शाहिरी) LITERATURE OF THE 18th CENTURY". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 3: 1194–1212. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44252466.
  5. ↑ Raeside, Ian (July 1978). "A Note on the 'Twelve Mavals' of Poona District". Modern Asian Studies. 12 (3): 394. doi:10.1017/S0026749X00006211. ISSN 1469-8099.
  6. ↑ David Hardiman (2007). Histories for the Subordinated. Seagull Books. p. 103. ISBN 9781905422388. When Shivaji began his revolt in the following decade, the Kolis were amongst the first to join him under the leadership of the Sirnayak Khemi and they played a leading role in helping Shivaji to consolidate his power. The Koli Tanaji Malusare...
  7. ↑ Hardiman, David (1996). Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India. Oxford University Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-19-563956-8.
  8. ↑ Roy, Shibani (1983). Koli culture: a profile of the culture of Talpad vistar. Cosmo. p. 25. OCLC 11970517.
  9. ↑ Chandra, Satish (2003). Essays on Medieval Indian History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-566336-5.
  10. ↑ M. Jankiraman Ph.D. (2020). Perspectives in Indian History: From the Origins to AD 1857. ISBN 9781649839954.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 M. Jankiraman Ph.D. (2020). Perspectives in Indian History: From the Origins to AD 1857. ISBN 9781649839954.
  12. ↑ Derek Jones, ed. (2001). Censorship: A World Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 9781136798634.
  13. ↑ Sisir Kumar Das (1991). History of Indian Literature, Volume 1. Sahitya Akademi. p. 532. ISBN 9788172010065.
  14. ↑ Apte, Hari Narayan (1903). Gaḍa ālā, paṇa sīha gelā (in मराठी). Pune: Ramyakathā Prakāśana.
  15. ↑ Ashish Rajadhyaksha; Paul Willemen (2014). Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema. Taylor & Francis. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-135-94325-7. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  16. ↑ Nowell-Smith, Geoffrey (1996). The Oxford History of World Cinema. Oxford University Press. pp. 403. ISBN 978-0-19-874242-5. Retrieved 2020-01-14.
  17. ↑ Talim, Meena; Halbe, Vasant B.; Pai, Anant (1973). Tanaji: The Maratha Lion. Amar Chitra Katha. ISBN 978-81-8482-159-8. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  18. ↑ "Taanaji The Unsung Warrior movie on Movie Alles". Movie Alles. 2018-06-22. Archived from the original on 2018-09-05. Retrieved 2018-09-05.


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