Over-the-top media services in India: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Online streaming platforms in India}}
{{short description|Online streaming platforms in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2020}}
There are currently about 46 providers of '''[[over-the-top media services]] (OTT) in India''', which distribute [[streaming media]] over the Internet.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} In fiscal year 2018, the OTT market in India was worth {{Currency|2150|INR}} [[crore]]. The streaming market in India is predicted to be worth $15&nbsp;billion by 2030, with $12.5&nbsp;billion coming from the video market and $2.5&nbsp;billion from audio. The OTT market in fiscal year 2020 was estimated to be worth $1.7&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/indias-streaming-market-to-be-worth-15-billion-by-2030/amp-11626350404092.html|title=Indian OTT Market Valuation|website=livemint|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=28 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128092957/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/indias-streaming-market-to-be-worth-15-billion-by-2030/amp-11626350404092.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Menon |first=Devadas |date=1 March 2022 |title=Purchase and continuation intentions of over -the -top (OTT) video streaming platform subscriptions: a uses and gratification theory perspective |journal=Telematics and Informatics Reports |language=en |volume=5 |pages=100006 |doi=10.1016/j.teler.2022.100006 |s2cid=247248868 |issn=2772-5030 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
There are at least 99 providers of '''[[over-the-top media service]]s''' (OTT) '''in India''', recognised by the [[Government of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Digital Media {{!}} Ministry of Information and Broadcasting |url=https://mib.gov.in/ministry/our-wings/digital-media |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=mib.gov.in}}</ref> which distribute [[streaming media]] or [[video on demand]] over the Internet.


==History and growth==
==History and growth==
The first dependent Indian OTT platform was [[BIGFlix]], launched by [[Reliance Entertainment]] in 2008.<ref name="I.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.india.com/business/reliance-entertainment-launches-bigflix-indias-first-global-multi-language-hd-movie-platform-2074662/|title=Reliance Entertainment launches BIGFLIX, India's first global multi-language HD movie platform|first=Sandhya|last=Dangwal|date=27 April 2017|website=India.com|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224302/https://www.india.com/business/reliance-entertainment-launches-bigflix-indias-first-global-multi-language-hd-movie-platform-2074662/|url-status=live}}</ref>
The first dependent Indian OTT platform was [[BIGFlix]], launched by [[Reliance Entertainment]] in 2008.<ref name="I.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.india.com/business/reliance-entertainment-launches-bigflix-indias-first-global-multi-language-hd-movie-platform-2074662/|title=Reliance Entertainment launches BIGFLIX, India's first global multi-language HD movie platform|first=Sandhya|last=Dangwal|date=27 April 2017|website=India.com|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224302/https://www.india.com/business/reliance-entertainment-launches-bigflix-indias-first-global-multi-language-hd-movie-platform-2074662/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2010 Digivive launched India's first OTT mobile app called nexGTv, which provides access to both live TV and [[Video on demand|on–demand content]]. nexGTV is the first app to live–stream [[Indian Premier League]] matches on smart phones and did so during 2013 and 2014. The livestream of the IPL since 2015, when rights were won,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Choudhary|first=Arzoo Dina,Vidhi|date=10 February 2015|title=Star unit wins Internet, mobile rights for IPL|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/7k4StgIy78lBYCdzFYMyeJ/Star-unit-wins-Web-mobile-rights-for-IPL.html|access-date=2021-11-21|website=mint|language=en|archive-date=2 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702204415/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/7k4StgIy78lBYCdzFYMyeJ/Star-unit-wins-Web-mobile-rights-for-IPL.html|url-status=live}}</ref> played an important role in the growth of another OTT platform, Hotstar (now Disney+ Hotstar) in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vaidya|first=Jaideep|title=With the rise of OTT platforms, are more Indians watching the IPL on their phones than television?|url=https://scroll.in/field/834321/with-the-rise-of-ott-platforms-are-more-indians-watching-the-ipl-on-their-phones-than-television|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-21|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US|archive-date=21 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121144354/https://scroll.in/field/834321/with-the-rise-of-ott-platforms-are-more-indians-watching-the-ipl-on-their-phones-than-television}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=September 2019|reason=Determine whether this has continued to the present}}
In 2010 Digivive launched India's first OTT mobile app called [[nexGTv]], which provides access to both live TV and on–demand content. nexGTV was the first app to live–stream [[Indian Premier League]] matches on smart phones and did so during 2013 and 2014. The livestream of the IPL since 2015, when rights were won,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Choudhary|first=Arzoo Dina, Vidhi|date=10 February 2015|title=Star unit wins Internet, mobile rights for IPL|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/7k4StgIy78lBYCdzFYMyeJ/Star-unit-wins-Web-mobile-rights-for-IPL.html|access-date=2021-11-21|website=mint|language=en|archive-date=2 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702204415/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/7k4StgIy78lBYCdzFYMyeJ/Star-unit-wins-Web-mobile-rights-for-IPL.html|url-status=live}}</ref> played an important role in the growth of another OTT platform, Hotstar (now [[JioHotstar]]) in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vaidya|first=Jaideep|title=With the rise of OTT platforms, are more Indians watching the IPL on their phones than television?|url=https://scroll.in/field/834321/with-the-rise-of-ott-platforms-are-more-indians-watching-the-ipl-on-their-phones-than-television|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-21|website=Scroll.in|date=12 April 2017 |language=en-US|archive-date=21 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121144354/https://scroll.in/field/834321/with-the-rise-of-ott-platforms-are-more-indians-watching-the-ipl-on-their-phones-than-television}}</ref>
OTT gained significant momentum in India when both [[DittoTV]] (Zee) and [[Sony Liv]] were launched in the Indian market around 2013. Ditto TV was an aggregator platform containing shows across all media channels including Star, Sony, Viacom, Zee, etc.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}}
OTT Platforms gained significant momentum in India when both [[DittoTV]] (Zee) and [[SonyLIV|Sony Liv]] were launched in the Indian market around 2013.
 
Following the initial push of Regional OTT platforms like [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]], Hoichoi, [[Sun NXT]], [[Planet Marathi OTT|Planet Marathi]], [[Chaupal (streaming service)|Chaupal]] & [[MX Player]]. The Indian OTT industry saw rapid transformation with the entry of global OTT companies such as [[Netflix]] and [[Amazon Prime Video]] into the Indian market in 2016. Replacement of this competition with global enterprises caused local rivals to innovate in both region and hyper-regional content.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atul |date=2025-02-03 |title=8 Best Regional OTT Platforms In India (2025) {{!}} OTT Ratings |url=https://ottratings.com/ott-guide/explore-8-best-regional-ott-platforms/ |access-date=2025-02-13 |language=en-US}}</ref>


=== Hotstar ===
=== Hotstar ===
[[Hotstar]], (now Disney+ Hotstar), is the most subscribed–to OTT platform in India, owned by [[Star India]] as of July 2020, with around 300&nbsp;million active users and over 350&nbsp;million downloads.<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/hotstar-to-invest-rs-120-crore-in-generating-original-content/articleshow/67534513.cms?from=mdr|title=Hotstar to invest Rs 120 crore in generating original content|first=Gaurav|last=Laghate|date=15 January 2019|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224302/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/hotstar-to-invest-rs-120-crore-in-generating-original-content/articleshow/67534513.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Hotstar's India Watch Report 2018, 96% of watch time on Hotstar comes from videos longer than 20 minutes, while one–third of Hotstar subscribers watch television shows.<ref name="exchange4media.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/digital-news/video-ott-revenue-in-india-expected-to-reach-rs-13-800-crore-by-fy-2023-92262.html|title=Video OTT revenue in India expected to reach Rs 13,800 crore by FY 2023 – Exchange4media|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=22 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222042004/https://www.exchange4media.com/digital-news/video-ott-revenue-in-india-expected-to-reach-rs-13-800-crore-by-fy-2023-92262.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, Hotstar began investing {{Currency|120|INR|linked=no}} crore in generating original content such as "Hotstar Specials." 80% of the viewership on Hotstar comes from drama, movies and sports programs.<ref name="auto" /> Hotstar has the exclusive streaming rights of [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] in India, which is one of the biggest sporting event in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Upadhyay|first=Harsh|date=25 September 2020|title=Disney+Hotstar records 6 Mn installs in first 5 days of IPL|url=https://entrackr.com/2020/09/disneyhotstar-records-6-mn-installs-in-first-5-days-of-ipl/|access-date=2021-03-17|website=Entrackr|language=en-US|archive-date=3 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703201412/https://entrackr.com/2020/09/disneyhotstar-records-6-mn-installs-in-first-5-days-of-ipl/|url-status=live}}</ref>
'''Hotstar''' (now [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]]) is the most subscribed–to OTT platform in India, owned by [[JioStar]] as of February 2025, with around 500&nbsp;million active users and over 650&nbsp;million downloads.<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/hotstar-to-invest-rs-120-crore-in-generating-original-content/articleshow/67534513.cms|title=Hotstar to invest Rs 120 crore in generating original content|first=Gaurav|last=Laghate|date=15 January 2019|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224302/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/hotstar-to-invest-rs-120-crore-in-generating-original-content/articleshow/67534513.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Hotstar's India Watch Report 2018, 96% of watch time on Hotstar comes from videos longer than 20 minutes, while one–third of Hotstar subscribers watch television shows.<ref name="exchange4media.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/digital-news/video-ott-revenue-in-india-expected-to-reach-rs-13-800-crore-by-fy-2023-92262.html|title=Video OTT revenue in India expected to reach Rs 13,800 crore by FY 2023 – Exchange4media|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=22 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222042004/https://www.exchange4media.com/digital-news/video-ott-revenue-in-india-expected-to-reach-rs-13-800-crore-by-fy-2023-92262.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, Hotstar began investing {{Currency|120|INR|linked=no}} crore in generating original content such as "Hotstar Specials." 80% of the viewership on Hotstar comes from drama, movies and sports programs.<ref name="auto" /> Hotstar has the exclusive streaming rights of [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Upadhyay|first=Harsh|date=25 September 2020|title=Disney+Hotstar records 6 Mn installs in first 5 days of IPL|url=https://entrackr.com/2020/09/disneyhotstar-records-6-mn-installs-in-first-5-days-of-ipl/|access-date=2021-03-17|website=Entrackr|language=en-US|archive-date=3 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703201412/https://entrackr.com/2020/09/disneyhotstar-records-6-mn-installs-in-first-5-days-of-ipl/|url-status=live}}</ref>


=== Netflix ===
=== Netflix ===
American streaming service [[Netflix]] entered India in January 2016. In April 2017, it was registered as a [[limited liability partnership]] (LLP) and started commissioning content. It earned a net profit of ₹2020,000 (₹2.02&nbsp;million) for fiscal year 2017. In fiscal year 2018, Netflix earned revenues of ₹580&nbsp;million.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/netflix-leases-space-for-india-headquater-in-bkc/articleshow/67280626.cms?from=mdr|title=Netflix leases space for India Headquarter in BKC|first1=Kailash|last1=Babar|first2=Gaurav|last2=Laghate|date=28 December 2018|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221225525/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/netflix-leases-space-for-india-headquater-in-bkc/articleshow/67280626.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> According to [[Morgan Stanley]] Research, Netflix had the highest average watch time of more than 120 minutes but viewer counts of around 20&nbsp;million in July 2018.<ref name="exchange4media.com" /> As of 2018, Netflix has six million subscribers, of which 5–6% are paid members.<ref name="androidcentral.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.androidcentral.com/netflix-getting-crushed-india-and-its-because-amazon-and-hotstar|title=Netflix is getting crushed in India, and it's all because of Amazon and Hotstar|date=2 February 2018|website=Android Central|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224253/https://www.androidcentral.com/netflix-getting-crushed-india-and-its-because-amazon-and-hotstar|url-status=live}}</ref>
American streaming service [[Netflix]] entered India in January 2016. In April 2017, it was registered as a [[limited liability partnership]] (LLP) and started commissioning content. According to [[Morgan Stanley]] Research, Netflix had the highest average watch time of more than 120 minutes but viewer counts of around 20&nbsp;million in July 2018.<ref name="exchange4media.com" /> As of 2018, Netflix has six million subscribers, of which 5–6% are paid members.<ref name="androidcentral.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.androidcentral.com/netflix-getting-crushed-india-and-its-because-amazon-and-hotstar|title=Netflix is getting crushed in India, and it's all because of Amazon and Hotstar|date=2 February 2018|website=Android Central|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224253/https://www.androidcentral.com/netflix-getting-crushed-india-and-its-because-amazon-and-hotstar|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
India was not affected by Netflix's July 2018 increase in subscription rates for the US and Latin America. Netflix has stated its intent to invest ₹600 crore in the production of Indian original programming.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://qz.com/india/1525269/amazon-prime-hotstar-rival-netflix-didnt-raise-prices-in-india/|title=Netflix hasn't increased prices in India probably because it can't afford to|first1=Ananya|last1=Bhattacharya|website=Quartz India|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224223/https://qz.com/india/1525269/amazon-prime-hotstar-rival-netflix-didnt-raise-prices-in-india/|url-status=live}}</ref> In late 2018, Netflix bought {{convert|150000|sqft|m2}} of office space in Bandra–Kurla Complex (BKC) in Mumbai as their head office. As of December 2018, Netflix has more than 40 employees in India.<ref name="auto1" />


Netflix faces tough competition with other OTT platforms in India such as [[Amazon Prime Video]] and [[Disney+ Hotstar]], each of which charge lower subscription rates than Netflix.<ref name="androidcentral.com" />
India was not affected by Netflix's July 2018 increase in subscription rates for the US and Latin America. Netflix has stated its intent to invest ₹600 crore in the production of Indian original programming.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://qz.com/india/1525269/amazon-prime-hotstar-rival-netflix-didnt-raise-prices-in-india/|title=Netflix hasn't increased prices in India probably because it can't afford to|first1=Ananya|last1=Bhattacharya|website=Quartz India|date=16 January 2019 |access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224223/https://qz.com/india/1525269/amazon-prime-hotstar-rival-netflix-didnt-raise-prices-in-india/|url-status=live}}</ref> In late 2018, Netflix bought {{convert|150000|sqft|m2}} of office space in Bandra–Kurla Complex (BKC) in Mumbai as their head office. As of December 2018, Netflix has more than 40 employees in India.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/netflix-leases-space-for-india-headquater-in-bkc/articleshow/67280626.cms|title=Netflix leases space for India Headquarter in BKC|first1=Kailash|last1=Babar|first2=Gaurav|last2=Laghate|date=28 December 2018|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=20 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020144104/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/netflix-leases-space-for-india-headquater-in-bkc/articleshow/67280626.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>


=== Other OTT providers ===
=== Other OTT providers ===


AAO NXT, the first independent OTT platform that originated from Odisha, is a flagship product of Kaustav DreamWorks. Apart from the website, they also have application for Android mobiles and TVs. The content library of AAO NXT is unique in terms of originality of the content irrespective of the language. Short films, movies, and web series can be viewed in their original language along with English subtitles.
[[Sun NXT]] is an Indian video on demand service run by [[Sun TV Network]]. It was launched in June 2017, streaming in the [[Tamil language]] and six other languages. The platform has more than 4,000 [[Tamil cinema|Tamil movies]] and 200 Tamil shows, as well as regional movies and shows.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2022 |title=SUN NXT Upcoming Tamil Movies List – OTT STOP |url=https://ottstop.com/sun-nxt-upcoming-tamil-movies-list/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/sun-tv-networks-launches-multilingual-digital-platform/article9728472.ece|title=Sun TV Networks launches multilingual digital platform|website=@businessline|date=16 June 2017|language=en|access-date=2020-03-09|archive-date=11 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111073951/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/sun-tv-networks-launches-multilingual-digital-platform/article9728472.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Sun NXT also streams a large library of its own [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] shows and movies.


nexGTv is the flagship product of <u>Digivive Services Pvt Ltd.</u> Its app offers users entertainment across multiple devices. It streams over 200 live TV channels and on-demand content, including movies, TV Shows and videos. In 2015, nexGTv launched India's first mobile talent discovery platform, called SPOTLight, with director [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]]. In 2016 nexGTV, launched its first original series ''In My City'' with [[Priyanka Chopra]] making her mobile series debut.
[[Amazon Prime Video]] was launched in 2016. The platform has{{When|date=September 2019}} 2,300 titles available including 2,000 movies and about 400 shows. It has announced that it will invest ₹20&nbsp;billion in creating original content in India. Besides English, Prime Video is available in six Indian languages as of December 2018.<ref name="theweek.in">{{cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/leisure/lifestyle/2018/12/27/The-rise-and-rise-of-India-online-streaming-services.html|title=The rise and rise of India's online streaming services|website=The Week|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224214/https://www.theweek.in/leisure/lifestyle/2018/12/27/The-rise-and-rise-of-India-online-streaming-services.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Amazon India launched Amazon Prime Music in February 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.televisionpost.com/amazon-to-launch-prime-video-channels-in-india/|title=Amazon to launch Prime Video Channels in India – TelevisionPost|date=23 January 2019|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=22 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222041815/https://www.televisionpost.com/amazon-to-launch-prime-video-channels-in-india/|url-status=live}}</ref>


[[Sun NXT]] is an Indian [[video on demand]] service run by [[Sun TV Network]]. It was launched in June 2017, streaming in [[Tamil language]] and six other Launguages. The platform has more than 4,000 [[Tamil cinema|Tamil movies]] and 200 Tamil shows, as well as regional movies and shows.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2022 |title=SUN NXT Upcoming Tamil Movies List – OTT STOP |url=https://ottstop.com/sun-nxt-upcoming-tamil-movies-list/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> Sun NXT also streams a large library of its own [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] shows and movies. In India Sun NXT launched its TV shows and movies also in Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Bengali and Marathi.
[[Eros Now]], an OTT platform launched by [[Eros International plc|Eros International]], has the most content among the OTT providers in India, including over 12,000 films, 100,000 music tracks and albums, and 100 TV shows.{{Citation needed |date=April 2024}} Eros Now was named the Best OTT Platform of the Year 2019 at the British Asian Media Awards.{{When|date=September 2019}} It has 211.5&nbsp;million registered users and 36.2&nbsp;million paying subscribers as of September 2020.<ref name="businesswire.com">{{Cite press release|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201118005177/en/Eros-Now-Reaches-36.2-million-Paying-Subscribers#:~:text=DOUGLAS%2C%20ISLE%20OF%20MAN%2D%2D(,million%20registered%20users%20worldwide%20as/|title=Eros Now Reaches 36.2 million Paying Subscribers|date=18 November 2020|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=13 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913012125/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201118005177/en/Eros-Now-Reaches-36.2-million-Paying-Subscribers#:~:text=DOUGLAS%2C%20ISLE%20OF%20MAN%2D%2D(,million%20registered%20users%20worldwide%20as/|url-status=live}}</ref>


[[Amazon Video|Amazon Prime Video]] was launched in 2016. The platform has{{When|date=September 2019}} 2,300 titles available including 2,000 movies and about 400 shows. It has announced that it will invest ₹20&nbsp;billion in creating original content in India. Besides English, Prime Video is available in six Indian languages as of December 2018.<ref name="theweek.in">{{cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/leisure/lifestyle/2018/12/27/The-rise-and-rise-of-India-online-streaming-services.html|title=The rise and rise of India's online streaming services|website=The Week|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224214/https://www.theweek.in/leisure/lifestyle/2018/12/27/The-rise-and-rise-of-India-online-streaming-services.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Amazon India launched Amazon Prime Music in February 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.televisionpost.com/amazon-to-launch-prime-video-channels-in-india/|title=Amazon to launch Prime Video Channels in India – TelevisionPost|date=23 January 2019|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=22 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222041815/https://www.televisionpost.com/amazon-to-launch-prime-video-channels-in-india/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In February 2020, [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]] OTT platform was launched, broadcasting exclusively [[Telugu language|Telugu]] content.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianage.com/entertainment/in-other-news/110220/aha-a-new-ott-channel-to-watch-out-for.html|title=Aha! A new OTT channel to watch out for|language=en|date=11 February 2020|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=22 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522072205/https://asianage.com/entertainment/in-other-news/110220/aha-a-new-ott-channel-to-watch-out-for.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Neestream is a streaming media service owned by NeST Technologies Corp., which is part of the US-based JKH Holdings. It is the first OTT platform targeting the global Malayalee diaspora.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/neestream-bets-big-on-malayali-diaspora-200422|title=Neestream bets big on Malayali diaspora|language=en|date=22 April 2020|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=20 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320014842/https://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/neestream-bets-big-on-malayali-diaspora-200422|url-status=live}}</ref> In the aftermath of the COVID pandemic and the subsequent lockdown, OTT platforms had become the only avenue for film releases, redefining the movie watching experience for several viewers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/nov/08/ott-vs-theatres-mollywood-faces-battle-for-film-viewership-2380704.html|title=OTT vs theatres: Mollywood faces battle for film viewership=en|date=8 November 2021|access-date=3 December 2021|archive-date=27 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127114115/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/nov/08/ott-vs-theatres-mollywood-faces-battle-for-film-viewership-2380704.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Single-language OTT sites, like Aha Video in Telugu<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2022|title=Aha Tamil Upcoming Movies 2022 List – OTT STOP|url=https://ottstop.com/aha-tamil-upcoming-movies/|access-date=2022-02-11|language=en-US|archive-date=19 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319005836/https://ottstop.com/aha-tamil-upcoming-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=21 January 2022|title=Aha Tamil Bags Digital Rights of Pa. Ranjith's Writer, Film to Stream Soon|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/aha-tamil-bags-digital-rights-of-pa-ranjiths-writer-film-to-stream-soon-4683752.html|access-date=2022-02-11|website=News18|language=en|archive-date=5 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205112906/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/aha-tamil-bags-digital-rights-of-pa-ranjiths-writer-film-to-stream-soon-4683752.html|url-status=live}}</ref> is the first time that the platform is diversifying into another language, while CityShor.TV in Gujarati, Neestream in Malayalam, Hoichoi in Bengali and Planet Marathi in Marathi are streaming movies and shows for people in those languages.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/take-one-big-story-of-the-day/can-singlelanguage-ott-platforms-take-on-the-streaming-giants-in-india/66521/1|title=Can single-language OTT platforms take on the streaming giants in India?|language=en|date=17 February 2021|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=15 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915001729/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/take-one-big-story-of-the-day/can-singlelanguage-ott-platforms-take-on-the-streaming-giants-in-india/66521/1|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
[[Eros Now]], an OTT platform launched by [[Eros International plc|Eros International]], has the most content among the OTT providers in India, including over 12,000 films, 100,000 music tracks and albums, and 100 TV shows. Eros Now was named the Best OTT Platform of the Year 2019 at the British Asian Media Awards.{{When|date=September 2019}} It has 211.5&nbsp;million registered users and 36.2&nbsp;million paying subscribers as of September 2020.<ref name="businesswire.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201118005177/en/Eros-Now-Reaches-36.2-million-Paying-Subscribers#:~:text=DOUGLAS%2C%20ISLE%20OF%20MAN%2D%2D(,million%20registered%20users%20worldwide%20as/|title=Eros Now Reaches 36.2 million Paying Subscribers|date=18 November 2020|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=13 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913012125/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201118005177/en/Eros-Now-Reaches-36.2-million-Paying-Subscribers#:~:text=DOUGLAS%2C%20ISLE%20OF%20MAN%2D%2D(,million%20registered%20users%20worldwide%20as/|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Apart from these, [[Balaji Telefilms]]–owned [[ALTBalaji]] and [[Viacom 18]]–owned [[Voot]] are popular because of the unique content they provide. [[Jio|Reliance Jio]]–owned [[JioCinema]] and JioTV, [[Times Group]]–owned [[MX Player]], and [[Asianet Satellite Communications]]- owned [[Asianet Mobile TV]] are other OTT service providers in India.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}
 
Hoichoi is the first dedicated regional–language OTT service in India. It has launched 30 new shows and 12 original films in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and has acquired about 200 Bengali films and dubbed content from English, Hindi and Arabic. In 2018 it entered Bangladesh as well as the United Arab Emirates, adding a prospective customer base of 180&nbsp;million.<ref name="theweek.in" />
 
In June 2017, [[Sun TV Network]] launched their [[Sun NXT]] regional OTT service in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Malayalam]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Kannada]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/sun-tv-networks-launches-multilingual-digital-platform/article9728472.ece|title=Sun TV Networks launches multilingual digital platform|website=@businessline|date=16 June 2017|language=en|access-date=2020-03-09|archive-date=11 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111073951/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/sun-tv-networks-launches-multilingual-digital-platform/article9728472.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>


In February 2020, [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]] OTT platform was launched, broadcasting exclusively [[Telugu language|Telugu]] content.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianage.com/entertainment/in-other-news/110220/aha-a-new-ott-channel-to-watch-out-for.html|title=Aha! A new OTT channel to watch out for|language=en|date=11 February 2020|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=22 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522072205/https://asianage.com/entertainment/in-other-news/110220/aha-a-new-ott-channel-to-watch-out-for.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2021, [[Planet Marathi]] became the first OTT platform dedicated to [[Marathi language|Marathi]] content in India, including web-series, films, music, theater, fiction and non-fiction reality shows. It is available for both Android and iOS mobile devices along with Android TV and Amazon Fire TV devices. Bollywood actress [[Madhuri Dixit]] helped launch the platform.<ref name="jagran">{{cite web|url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/planet-marathi-madhuri-dixit-launches-indias-first-marathi-ott-platform-10031466|website=english.jagran.com|title=Planet Marathi: Madhuri Dixit launches India's first Marathi OTT platform|date=September 2021|access-date=2021-12-26|archive-date=26 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326093702/https://english.jagran.com/entertainment/planet-marathi-madhuri-dixit-launches-indias-first-marathi-ott-platform-10031466|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="indiatimes2">{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/marathi-ott-service-planet-marathi-outsources-ad-sales-subscriber-monetisation-to-adds2ott/articleshow/78934648.cms|title=Marathi OTT service Planet Marathi outsources ad sales, subscriber monetisation to adds2OTT|website=The Economic Times|access-date=2021-12-26|last1=Laghate|first1=Gaurav|archive-date=4 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104122607/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/marathi-ott-service-planet-marathi-outsources-ad-sales-subscriber-monetisation-to-adds2ott/articleshow/78934648.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>


In 2021, Planet Marathi OTT became the first OTT platform dedicated to [[Marathi language|Marathi]] content in India, including web-series, films, music, theater, fiction and non-fiction reality shows. It is available for both Android and iOS mobile devices along with Android TV and Amazon Fire TV devices. Bollywood actress [[Madhuri Dixit]] helped launch the platform.<ref name="jagran">{{cite web|url=https://english.jagran.com/entertainment/planet-marathi-madhuri-dixit-launches-indias-first-marathi-ott-platform-10031466|website=english.jagran.com|title=Planet Marathi: Madhuri Dixit launches India's first Marathi OTT platform|date=September 2021|access-date=2021-12-26|archive-date=26 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326093702/https://english.jagran.com/entertainment/planet-marathi-madhuri-dixit-launches-indias-first-marathi-ott-platform-10031466|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="indiatimes2">{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/marathi-ott-service-planet-marathi-outsources-ad-sales-subscriber-monetisation-to-adds2ott/articleshow/78934648.cms?from=mdr|title=Marathi OTT service Planet Marathi outsources ad sales, subscriber monetisation to adds2OTT|website=The Economic Times|access-date=2021-12-26|last1=Laghate|first1=Gaurav|archive-date=4 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104122607/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/marathi-ott-service-planet-marathi-outsources-ad-sales-subscriber-monetisation-to-adds2ott/articleshow/78934648.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref>
With rising interest for [[Korean drama]]s, [[Rakuten Viki]] saw its biggest jump of web traffic from India in 2020 due to the [[COVID-19 lockdown in India|COVID-19 lockdown]], which led to ad localization on the platform.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bhatt|first=Shephali|title=How K-pop and Korean drama had their biggest breakthrough in India amid the pandemic|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-bytes/how-k-pop-and-korean-drama-had-their-breakthrough-moment-in-india-amid-the-pandemic/articleshow/78954150.cms|access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date=31 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031203212/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-bytes/how-k-pop-and-korean-drama-had-their-breakthrough-moment-in-india-amid-the-pandemic/articleshow/78954150.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mane|first=Anwaya|date=7 April 2021|title=K Dramas dubbed in Hindi; Is it a boon or a bane?|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/k-dramas-dubbed-hindi-it-boon-or-bane-687796|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-07|website=Pinkvilla|language=en|archive-date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408180001/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/k-dramas-dubbed-hindi-it-boon-or-bane-687796}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sajmedia.in/top-10-popular-ott-platforms-in-india/|title=Top 10 Popular OTT Platforms in India|language=en|date=7 June 2021|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=31 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331104900/https://www.sajmedia.in/top-10-popular-ott-platforms-in-india/|url-status=live}}</ref>


With rising interest for [[Korean drama]]s, [[Viki (streaming service)|Rakuten Viki]] saw its biggest jump of web traffic from India in 2020 due to [[COVID-19 lockdown in India|COVID-19 lockdown]], which lead to ad localization on the platform.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bhatt|first=Shephali|title=How K-pop and Korean drama had their biggest breakthrough in India amid the pandemic|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-bytes/how-k-pop-and-korean-drama-had-their-breakthrough-moment-in-india-amid-the-pandemic/articleshow/78954150.cms|access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date=31 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031203212/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-bytes/how-k-pop-and-korean-drama-had-their-breakthrough-moment-in-india-amid-the-pandemic/articleshow/78954150.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mane|first=Anwaya|date=7 April 2021|title=K Dramas dubbed in Hindi; Is it a boon or a bane?|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/k-dramas-dubbed-hindi-it-boon-or-bane-687796|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-07|website=Pinkvilla|language=en|archive-date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408180001/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/k-dramas-dubbed-hindi-it-boon-or-bane-687796}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sajmedia.in/top-10-popular-ott-platforms-in-india/|title=Top 10 Popular OTT Platforms in India|language=en|date=7 June 2021|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=31 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331104900/https://www.sajmedia.in/top-10-popular-ott-platforms-in-india/|url-status=live}}</ref>
The OTT market in fiscal year 2020 was estimated to be worth $1.7&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/indias-streaming-market-to-be-worth-15-billion-by-2030-11626350404092.html|title=Indian OTT Market Valuation|website=livemint|date=15 July 2021 |access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=28 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128092957/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/indias-streaming-market-to-be-worth-15-billion-by-2030/amp-11626350404092.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Menon |first=Devadas |date=1 March 2022 |title=Purchase and continuation intentions of over -the -top (OTT) video streaming platform subscriptions: a uses and gratification theory perspective |journal=Telematics and Informatics Reports |language=en |volume=5 |article-number=100006 |doi=10.1016/j.teler.2022.100006 |s2cid=247248868 |issn=2772-5030 |doi-access=free }}</ref>


===SonyLIV and ZEE5===
===[[SonyLIV]] and [[ZEE5]]===
In December 2021, [[Sony Pictures Networks India|Sony]] and [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises|Zee]] merged, and announced plans to merge their OTT platforms.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/indias-zee-entertainment-approves-merger-with-sony-unit-2021-12-22/ |title=Sony, Zee lock India merger to create mega TV network |first=Chandini |last=Monnappa |date=22 December 2021 |website=Reuters |access-date=2022-02-17 |archive-date=12 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912160541/https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/indias-zee-entertainment-approves-merger-with-sony-unit-2021-12-22/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
In December 2021, [[Culver Max Entertainment|Sony]] and [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises|Zee]] announced their merger, and announced plans to merge their OTT platforms.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/indias-zee-entertainment-approves-merger-with-sony-unit-2021-12-22/ |title=Sony, Zee lock India merger to create mega TV network |first=Chandini |last=Monnappa |date=22 December 2021 |website=Reuters |access-date=2022-02-17 |archive-date=12 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912160541/https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/indias-zee-entertainment-approves-merger-with-sony-unit-2021-12-22/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The merger was called off.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/sony-zee-merger-deal-called-off-reason-2495894-2024-01-31 |title=Sony, Zee call off their merger. |date=31 January 2024 }}</ref>


===OTT services launched as Amazon Prime video channels===
===OTT services launched as Amazon Prime video channels===
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|[[Acorn TV]]  
|[[Acorn TV]]  
|[[RLJE Films|RLJ Entertainment, Inc.]]||2011–present  
|[[AMC Global Media]] (83%)
[[RLJ Entertainment]] (17%)
|2011–present  
|English  
|English  
|<ref name="amc">{{cite web|date=27 June 2022|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2022/06/amazon-prime-video-and-amc-networks-collaborate-to-launch-amc-and-acorn-tv-on-prime-video-channels-in-india|title=Amazon Prime Video and AMC Networks collaborate to launch AMC+ and Acorn TV on Prime Video channels in India|website=Best Media Info|access-date=2 July 2022|archive-date=14 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714180633/https://bestmediainfo.com/2022/06/amazon-prime-video-and-amc-networks-collaborate-to-launch-amc-and-acorn-tv-on-prime-video-channels-in-india|url-status=live}}</ref>
|<ref name="amc">{{cite web|date=27 June 2022|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2022/06/amazon-prime-video-and-amc-networks-collaborate-to-launch-amc-and-acorn-tv-on-prime-video-channels-in-india|title=Amazon Prime Video and AMC Networks collaborate to launch AMC+ and Acorn TV on Prime Video channels in India|website=Best Media Info|access-date=2 July 2022|archive-date=14 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714180633/https://bestmediainfo.com/2022/06/amazon-prime-video-and-amc-networks-collaborate-to-launch-amc-and-acorn-tv-on-prime-video-channels-in-india|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[AMC+]]  
|[[AMC+]]  
|[[AMC Networks]]||2020–present  
|[[AMC Global Media]]||2020–present  
|English  
|English  
|<ref name="amc"/>
|<ref name="amc"/>
|-
|-
|[[ShortsTV]]  
|[[ShortsTV]]  
|Shorts International Ltd||2006–present  
|Shorts International (75%)
[[AMC Networks International]] (25%)
|2006–present  
|English  
|English  
|<ref>{{cite web|date=24 September 2021|url=https://shorts.tv/en/press/shortstv-and-amazon-announce-partnership-to-launch-shortstv-on-amazon-prime-video-channels-in-india|title=ShortsTV and Amazon Announce Partnership to Launch ShortsTV on Amazon Prime Video Channels in India|access-date=2 July 2022|archive-date=2 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702120646/https://shorts.tv/en/press/shortstv-and-amazon-announce-partnership-to-launch-shortstv-on-amazon-prime-video-channels-in-india|url-status=live}}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite web|date=24 September 2021|url=https://shorts.tv/en/press/shortstv-and-amazon-announce-partnership-to-launch-shortstv-on-amazon-prime-video-channels-in-india|title=ShortsTV and Amazon Announce Partnership to Launch ShortsTV on Amazon Prime Video Channels in India|access-date=2 July 2022|archive-date=2 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702120646/https://shorts.tv/en/press/shortstv-and-amazon-announce-partnership-to-launch-shortstv-on-amazon-prime-video-channels-in-india|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}
|}


== Content regulation and legal action ==
== Content regulation ==
In India, whether it is [[Sex in film|sex scenes]] or [[Kiss|kiss scenes]] in [[film]]s, both have always been a [[taboo]] and [[Controversy|controversial]] subject among the people. The [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu nationalist]] government also said, [[Obscenity|obscene]] and [[Perversion|perverted]] matterials had “no place in [[Culture of India|Indian culture.]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Central Board of Film Certification |date=2023-09-08 |url=https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Board_of_Film_Certification&oldid=1174492728 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2023-09-20 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=mrandmrs55 |date=2015-01-04 |title=The History of Kissing in Bollywood: Timeline of a Taboo |url=https://mrandmrs55.com/2015/01/04/the-history-of-kissing-in-bollywood-timeline-of-a-taboo/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Mr. & Mrs. 55 – Classic Bollywood Revisited! |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-01 |title=Sex and Bollywood through the decades |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sex-and-relationships/sex-and-bollywood-through-the-decades/story-rNo4cs1CVUFjPOt9gorDKJ.html |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-05-17 |title=6 states in India ban sex ed to preserve culture |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna18723555 |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref>
{{Missing information|what specifically is considered obscene by regulators|date=April 2024}}
Due to the absence of any rules and regulation regarding OTT content, many OTT providers were accused of showing [[Nudity in film|nudity]], [[vulgarity]] and [[obscenity]] and hurting [[Anti-Hindu sentiment|Hindu religious sentiments]] in their shows.<ref name=":11">{{cite web |title=Attack on 'Ashram' set: Organization of Sadhus blames Bollywood for 'defaming' culture, hurting sentiments |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/attack-on-ashram-set-organization-of-sadhus-blames-bollywood-for-defaming-culture-hurting-sentiments-742516 |website=India Tv |date=28 October 2021 |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=9 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209124635/https://www.indiatvnews.com/amp/entertainment/news/attack-on-ashram-set-organization-of-sadhus-blames-bollywood-for-defaming-culture-hurting-sentiments-742516 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite web |title=ALTBalaji and other OTT platforms, websites booked for obscene content |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/altbalaji-and-other-ott-platforms-websites-booked-for-obscene-content |website=The Free Press Journal |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129120456/https://www.freepressjournal.in/amp/mumbai/altbalaji-and-other-ott-platforms-websites-booked-for-obscene-content |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2021-02-07 |title=Actor Gehana Vasisth latest to be arrested for role in porn movie racket |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/actor-gehana-vasisth-arrested-for-allegedly-shooting-and-uploading-porn-videos-7178058/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=18 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118193437/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/actor-gehana-vasisth-arrested-for-allegedly-shooting-and-uploading-porn-videos-7178058/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ArticleTwo">{{cite web |title=Think beyond sex and abuse': Netflix, Amazon Prime, other OTT platforms stare at new challenge |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/story/govt-regulation-on-netflix-amazon-prime-to-hamper-freedom-of-storytelling-278382-2020-11-11 |website=businesstoday.in |date=11 November 2020 |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=30 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030181644/https://www.businesstoday.in/amp/latest/trends/story/govt-regulation-on-netflix-amazon-prime-to-hamper-freedom-of-storytelling-278382-2020-11-11 |url-status=live }}</ref> Series which were the focus of controversy include [[Four More Shots Please!]],<ref>{{cite web |title=The women of Four More Shots Please 3 react to criticism that the show is 'all about sex' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/four-more-shots-please-3-actors-react-to-criticism-that-the-show-is-all-about-sex-8218407/lite/ |website=The Indian Express |date=20 October 2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106064758/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/four-more-shots-please-3-actors-react-to-criticism-that-the-show-is-all-about-sex-8218407/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Tandav (TV series)|Tandav]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Tandav' controversy: Two scenes changed after makers apologise |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tandav-controversy-two-scenes-changed-after-makers-apologise-141934%3famp |website=The News Minute |access-date=31 January 2022 |archive-date=15 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615235358/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tandav-controversy-two-scenes-changed-after-makers-apologise-141934?amp |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Paatal Lok]],<ref name=":4">{{cite web |title=Paatal Lok Web Series Controversies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/paatal-lok-controversies-everything-that-has-happened-6428414/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173920/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/paatal-lok-controversies-everything-that-has-happened-6428414/lite/ |archive-date=20 September 2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Indianexpress|date=26 May 2020 }}</ref> [[Sacred Games (TV series)|Sacred Games]],<ref name=":5">{{cite news |title=Sacred Games series that Sparked Controversies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/family-man-2-tandav-sacred-games-web-series-that-sparked-controversies/etphotostory/83532145.cms |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> [[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur]]<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=HC quashes FIR against 'Mirzapur' web series producers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/court-quashes-fir-against-mirzapur-web-series-producers-7667095/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172348/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/court-quashes-fir-against-mirzapur-web-series-producers-7667095/lite/ |archive-date=20 September 2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Indianexpress|date=11 December 2021 }}</ref> [[Lust Stories 2|Lust stories franchise]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2023-06-30 |title=Review: There is neither lust nor story in 'Lust Stories 2' |url=https://telanganatoday.com/review-there-is-neither-lust-nor-story-in-lust-stories-2 |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=Telangana Today |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Rana Naidu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-29 |title=Nani on fans' objection to Venkatesh's cuss words in Rana Naidu: 'I am so glad he did something very shocking' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/nani-on-fans-objection-to-venkateshs-cuss-words-in-rana-naidu-8522480/ |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> [[Thank You for Coming]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-09 |title=Ektaa Kapoor reacts to claims of 'ruining India' with Karan Johar, addresses Thank You For Coming criticism |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ektaa-kapoor-on-ruining-india-with-karan-johar-thank-you-for-coming-criticism-101696830463281.html |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> and [[Annapoorani: The Goddess of Food|Annapoorani (2023)]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-12 |title=Netflix removes film after backlash from Hindu groups |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-67911167 |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>


===Regulation medium===
According to media reports, between 2018 and 2024, some OTT platforms emerged which started showing porn in the form of [[web series]]. Both the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] and [[Delhi High Court]] say that OTT regulation is necessary.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Some OTT shows contain porn, screening needed: SC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/some-ott-shows-contain-porn-screening-needed-sc/articleshow/81340313.cms |access-date=2024-02-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thapliyal |first=Nupur |date=2023-04-17 |title=Delhi High Court Seeks Union Govt's Response On Steps To Regulate Content On OTT Platforms, Social Media |url=https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/delhi-high-court/delhi-high-court-union-govt-content-ott-platforms-social-media-226465 |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=Live Law |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=5 OTT sites that show porn in the name of entertainment ? |url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/Read/994477049/-OTT-sites-that-show-porn-in-the-name-of-entertainment |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=indiaherald.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Revolutionize Your Legal Experience with Lawyered.in |url=https://www.lawyered.in/ |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=www.lawyered.in |language=en}}</ref>
* All the content released in [[Movie theater|cinema halls]] is regulated by [[Central Board of Film Certification|CBFC]].
* [[Central Board of Film Certification|Indian Censor Board]] does not allow any kind of [[Perversion|nudity and obscenity]] in [[Cinema of India|Indian films]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fifty Shades of Grey banned in India despite removal of nudity {{!}} Fifty Shades of Grey {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://amp.theguardian.com/film/2015/mar/05/fifty-shades-of-grey-banned-in-india-despite-removal-of-nudity |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=amp.theguardian.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-10 |title=CBFC reportedly bans film titled X Zone due to graphic love making scenes, nudity-Entertainment News , Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/cbfc-reportedly-bans-film-titled-x-zone-due-to-graphic-love-making-scenes-nudity-4027513.html |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref>
* All the content released on [[television]] is regulated by [[Indian Broadcasting Foundation|IBF]] under the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|I&B ministry]].
* [[Television in India|Indian television]] has the [[Strict liability|Strictest]] content code, even [[Kiss|kissing scenes]] and [[Bikini|small outfits]] are not allowed in [[Drama (film and television)|Indian drama]] or [[Serial (radio and television)|Indian serial]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Developer |first=Web |title=Why are kissing scenes still a taboo on Indian television? |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/why-are-kissing-scenes-still-a-taboo-on-indian-television--237552 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Mid-day}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Sushmita |date=2018-06-09 |title=Why public display of affection is such a big NO NO in India |url=https://www.thebridgechronicle.com/opinion/why-public-display-affection-such-big-no-no-india-19863 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=The Bridge Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>
*


===OTT regulation===
===OTT regulation===
* On 25 Feb 2021, [[Government of India|Indian govt]] introduced [[Information Technology Rules, 2021|Self-Regulation rules]] for OTT platforms to stop [[Obscenity|Obscene content]] and [[Abuse|abusive]] language.  
* On 25 Feb 2021, [[Government of India|Indian govt]] introduced [[Information Technology Rules, 2021|self-regulation rules]] for OTT platforms to stop obscene content and abusive language.  
* On 19 March 2023, I&B minister [[Anurag Thakur]] said that, [[Self-regulatory organization|self regulation]] does not mean that OTT should show [[Nudity|obscenity and nudity.]] The government is serious about increasing [[obscenity]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=2023-03-19 |title=Government concerned about vulgarity on OTT platforms, says Anurag Thakur |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/government-concerned-about-vulgarity-on-ott-platforms-says-anurag-thakur-11679238269770.html |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=https://twitter.com/ianuragthakur/status/1637437856800030720?t=RBIi80-HGhmdH7m4H0Oelw&s=19 |url=https://twitter.com/ianuragthakur/status/1637437856800030720?t=RBIi80-HGhmdH7m4H0Oelw&s=19 |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |language=en}}</ref>
* On 19 March 2023, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|I&B minister]] [[Anurag Thakur]] said that [[Self-regulatory organization|self regulation]] does not mean that OTT should show obscenity and nudity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=2023-03-19 |title=Government concerned about vulgarity on OTT platforms, says Anurag Thakur |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/government-concerned-about-vulgarity-on-ott-platforms-says-anurag-thakur-11679238269770.html |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|user=ianuragthakur|number=1637437856800030720|title=क्रिएटिविटी के नाम पर गाली गलौज, असभ्यता बर्दाश्त नहीं की जा सकती। ओटीटी पर बढ़ते अश्लील कंटेंट की शिकायत पर सरकार गंभीर है।अगर इसको लेकर नियमों में कोई बदलाव करने की ज़रूरत पड़ी तो @MIB_India उस दिशा में भी पीछे नहीं हटेगा। अश्लीलता, गाली गलौज रोकने के लिए कड़ी कार्यवाई करेगा।|language=hi}}</ref>
* On 26 April 2023, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|MIB India]] said that if [[Nudity in film|nudity and obscenity]] is seen on any OTT platform, [[Strict liability|strict]] action will be taken against it.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Deep |first=Aroon |date=2023-04-26 |title=Despite court stay, OTT platforms face pressure on content |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/centre-targets-obscenity-on-streaming-platforms-despite-few-complaints/article66781070.ece |access-date=2023-09-20 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* On 15 April 2023, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|I&B Secretary]] Apurva Chandra has said because of the government's soft-touch regulations on OTT industry have led to the creation of content that is undesirable and vulgar.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-15 |title=MIB advises OTT platforms to exercise self-restraint amidst growing concerns about vulgar content |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/mib-advises-ott-platforms-to-exercise-self-restraint-amidst-growing-concerns-about-vulgar-content/articleshow/99520949.cms |access-date=2024-02-19 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
* On 16 May 2023, Don't show obscene content, [[Parliament|parliamentary panel]] told to [[Netflix]] and [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon prime video]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-16 |title=No obscene content, please: Parliamentary panel tells Netflix, Amazon Prime, Disney Hotstar, Zee5, other OTT platforms |url=http://www.businesstoday.in/latest/in-focus/story/no-obscene-content-please-parliamentary-panel-tells-netflix-amazon-prime-disney-hotstar-zee5-other-ott-platforms-381410-2023-05-16 |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=Business Today |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Don't show obscene content: Parliamentary panel tells OTT platforms - The Economic Times |url=https://m.economictimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/dont-show-obscene-content-parliamentary-panel-tells-ott-platforms/amp_articleshow/100259906.cms |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=m.economictimes.com}}</ref>
* On 26 April 2023, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|MIB India]] said that if nudity and obscenity is seen on any OTT platform, strict action will be taken against it.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Deep |first=Aroon |date=2023-04-26 |title=Despite court stay, OTT platforms face pressure on content |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/centre-targets-obscenity-on-streaming-platforms-despite-few-complaints/article66781070.ece |access-date=2023-09-20 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* On 20 June 2023, [[Government|Govt]] has told [[Netflix, Inc.|Netflix]], [[Disney+ Hotstar|Disney]] and all other [[Streaming media|streaming services]] that their content should be [[Regulation|independently reviewed]] for [[obscenity]] and [[violence]] before being shown online.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kalra |first=Aditya |last2=Vengattil |first2=Munsif |last3=Kalra |first3=Aditya |last4=Vengattil |first4=Munsif |date=2023-07-14 |title=Exclusive: Worried about obscenity, India asks streamers for content checks |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/worried-about-obscenity-india-asks-streamers-content-checks-2023-07-14/ |access-date=2023-10-02}}</ref>
* On 16 May 2023, Don't show obscene content, [[Parliament|parliamentary panel]] told to Netflix and Amazon Prime Video.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-16 |title=No obscene content, please: Parliamentary panel tells Netflix, Amazon Prime, Disney Hotstar, Zee5, other OTT platforms |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/in-focus/story/no-obscene-content-please-parliamentary-panel-tells-netflix-amazon-prime-disney-hotstar-zee5-other-ott-platforms-381410-2023-05-16 |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=Business Today |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Don't show obscene content: Parliamentary panel tells OTT platforms |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/dont-show-obscene-content-parliamentary-panel-tells-ott-platforms/articleshow/100259906.cms |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=[[The Economic Times]]|date=16 May 2023 |last1=Takkar |first1=Jatin }}</ref>
* On 18 July 2023, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|I&B minister]] said in a meeting with all [[Stakeholder (corporate)|OTT stakeholders]] that, Demeaning [[Culture of India|Indian culture]] will not be tolerated. OTT can't show [[vulgarity]] and [[Nudity in film|nudity]] in the garb of ‘[[Creativity|creative expression]]’.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-18 |title=Won't allow OTT platforms to demean Indian culture, says Minister Anurag Thakur |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/wont-allow-ott-platforms-to-demean-indian-culture-says-minister-anurag-thakur-17256211.htm |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=cnbctv18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=Will not allow OTT platforms to demean Indian culture, society in name of creative freedom: Anurag Thakur |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/will-not-allow-ott-platforms-to-demean-indian-culture-society-in-name-of-creative-freedom-anurag-thakur-1238366.html |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
* On 20 June 2023, the government told Netflix, [[Disney+ Hotstar]] and all other [[Streaming media|streaming services]] that their content should be [[Regulation|independently reviewed]] for obscenity and violence before being shown online.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Kalra |first1=Aditya |last2=Vengattil |first2=Munsif |last3=Kalra |first3=Aditya |last4=Vengattil |first4=Munsif |date=2023-07-14 |title=Exclusive: Worried about obscenity, India asks streamers for content checks |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/worried-about-obscenity-india-asks-streamers-content-checks-2023-07-14/ |access-date=2023-10-02}}</ref>
* On 22 August 2023, [[Government of India|Indian government]] assured that it will bring [[Regulation|rules and regulation]] to regulate [[Profanity|Vulgar]] and [[Pornography|obscene content]] on social media and OTT platforms.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thathoo |first=Chetan |date=2023-08-22 |title=Govt To Frame Regulations To Curb Vulgar Language On OTT Platforms & Social Media |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/will-frame-rules-to-tame-vulgar-language-on-ott-platforms-social-media-govt-to-delhi-hc/ |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Inc42 Media |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre To Bring Rules To Check Vulgar Content On Social Media, Streaming Platforms |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/centre-to-bring-rules-to-check-vulgar-content-on-social-media-streaming-platforms-4319332 |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
* On 27 June 2023, [[Information Technology Rules, 2021|DPCGC]] took punitive action against Ullu for streaming obscene content and asked them to remove all their explicit shows or remove all adult scenes within 15 days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-27 |title=DPCGC Takes Action Against OTT Content! More To Follow? |url=https://www.binged.com/news/dpcgc-takes-action-against-ott-content-more-to-follow/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Binged |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-27 |title=Regulatory body tells OTT platform ULLU to take down 'obscene' content: The TL;DR |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/regulatory-body-ott-platform-ullu-take-down-obscene-content-8687977/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* On 18 July 2023, Anarug Thakur said in a meeting with all OTT [[stakeholder (corporate)|stakeholder]]s that demeaning [[Culture of India|Indian culture]] will not be tolerated. OTT can't show vulgarity and nudity in the garb of '[[Creativity|creative expression]]'.The cited sources do not mention vulgarity - they say this was about demeaning Indian culture/society.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-18 |title=Won't allow OTT platforms to demean Indian culture, says Minister Anurag Thakur |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/wont-allow-ott-platforms-to-demean-indian-culture-says-minister-anurag-thakur-17256211.htm |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=cnbctv18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=Will not allow OTT platforms to demean Indian culture, society in name of creative freedom: Anurag Thakur |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/will-not-allow-ott-platforms-to-demean-indian-culture-society-in-name-of-creative-freedom-anurag-thakur-1238366.html |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
* On 22 August 2023, Indian government assured that it will bring rules and regulation to regulate vulgar and obscene content on social media and OTT platforms.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thathoo |first=Chetan |date=2023-08-22 |title=Govt To Frame Regulations To Curb Vulgar Language On OTT Platforms & Social Media |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/will-frame-rules-to-tame-vulgar-language-on-ott-platforms-social-media-govt-to-delhi-hc/ |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Inc42 Media |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre To Bring Rules To Check Vulgar Content On Social Media, Streaming Platforms |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/centre-to-bring-rules-to-check-vulgar-content-on-social-media-streaming-platforms-4319332 |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
* On 10 November 2023, MIB India introduces the '[[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Broadcasting Service Regulation Bill]]', which included [[Ethical code|Programme code]] with Content Evaluation Committee(CEC) for every OTT platforms. Currently public consultation is ongoing till 15 January 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Proposes Broadcasting Services (Regulation) Bill, 2023 |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1976200 |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
*The draft bill mandates that all OTT streaming platforms can only broadcast those web series or content, which will be duly certified by Content Evaluation Committee(CEC).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-11 |title=Key features of the draft Broadcasting Services (Regulation) Bill, 2023 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/draft-broadcasting-services-regulation-bill-9022857/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
*On 14 March 2024, the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]] [[Ban (law)|banned]] over 18 OTT apps from [[Google Play|Google play store]] and suspended all of their 57 [[social media]] accounts, as well as closed nineteen streaming [[website]]s. The banned platforms were MoodX, Prime Play, Hunters, Besharams, Rabbit movies, Voovi, Fugi, Mojflix, Chikooflix, Nuefliks, Xtramood, NeonX VIP, X Prime, Tri Flicks, Uncut Adda, Dreams Films, Hot Shots VIP, and Yessma.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=Government blocks 18 OTT platforms, 10 apps for vulgar content |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/government-cracks-down-against-ott-platforms-apps-website-for-vulgar-content-9213789/ |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=18 OTT platforms blocked by I&B ministry over vulgar content: Xtramood, Uncut Adda, Besharams… |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/ib-ministry-takes-down-these-18-ott-platforms-over-vulgar-content-check-complete-list-here-101710401491344.html |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-14 |title=Government bans 18 OTT platforms, 19 websites, 10 apps and 57 social media accounts for showing obscene and pornographic content |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/technology/tech-news/government-bans-18-ott-platforms-19-websites-10-apps-and-57-social-media-accounts-for-showing-obscene-and-pornographic-content/articleshow/108485694.cms |access-date=2024-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* On 25 July 2025, the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]] [[Ban (law)|banned]] from 25 OTT apps from [[Google Play|Google play store]] and suspended all of their 40 [[social media]] accounts, as well as 26 closed streaming [[website]]s. The banned platforms were include [[ALTT]], Ullu, Big Shots App, Desiflix, Boomex, NeonX VIP, Navarasa Lite, Gulab App, Kangan App, Bull App, ShowHit, Jalva App, Wow Entertainment, Look Entertainment, Hitprime, Fugi, Feneo, ShowX, Sol Talkies, Adda TV, HotX VIP, Hulchul App, MoodX, Triflicks, and Mojflix.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/why-centre-banned-25-ott-platforms-101753633610373.html|title=Why Centre banned 25 OTT platforms|website=Hindustan Times|date=27 July 2025|access-date=27 July 2025|first=Sejal|last=Sharma}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Paliwal |first1=Aishwarya |title=Ullu, ALTT, Desiflix among 25 OTT platforms banned for showing soft porn|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ullu-altt-desiflix-and-other-ott-platforms-banned-for-showing-soft-porn-content-2761128-2025-07-25 |website=India Today |access-date=25 July 2025 |language=en-in |date=25 July 2025}}</ref>
* On 24 February 2026, the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]] [[Ban (law)|banned]] from 5 OTT apps from [[Google Play|Google play store]] and suspended all of their 5 [[social media]] accounts, as well as 5 closed streaming [[website]]s. The banned platforms were include Feel App, Digi Movieplex, Jugnu App, MoodX VIP, and Koyal Playpro.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gavankar |first1=Vaishnavi |title=Government blocks 5 OTT platforms over alleged obscene content, action taken under IT Rules 2021|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/government-blocks-5-ott-platforms-over-alleged-obscene-content-action-taken-under-it-rules-2021-article-13842843.html|website=Money Control|access-date=24 February 2026 |language=en-in |date=24 February 2026}}</ref>


===Content Controversy===
===Legal action===
Due to the absence of any rules and regulation regarding OTT content, many OTT providers were accused of showing [[Nudity in film|nudity]], [[vulgarity]] and [[obscenity]] and hurting [[Anti-Hindu sentiment|Hindu religious sentiments]] in their shows.<ref name=":11">{{cite web |title=Attack on 'Ashram' set: Organization of Sadhus blames Bollywood for 'defaming' culture, hurting sentiments |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/amp/entertainment/news/attack-on-ashram-set-organization-of-sadhus-blames-bollywood-for-defaming-culture-hurting-sentiments-742516 |website=India Tv |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=9 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209124635/https://www.indiatvnews.com/amp/entertainment/news/attack-on-ashram-set-organization-of-sadhus-blames-bollywood-for-defaming-culture-hurting-sentiments-742516 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite web |title=ALTBalaji and other OTT platforms, websites booked for obscene content |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/amp/mumbai/altbalaji-and-other-ott-platforms-websites-booked-for-obscene-content |website=The Free Press Journal |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129120456/https://www.freepressjournal.in/amp/mumbai/altbalaji-and-other-ott-platforms-websites-booked-for-obscene-content |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2021-02-07 |title=Actor Gehana Vasisth latest to be arrested for role in porn movie racket |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/actor-gehana-vasisth-arrested-for-allegedly-shooting-and-uploading-porn-videos-7178058/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=18 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118193437/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/actor-gehana-vasisth-arrested-for-allegedly-shooting-and-uploading-porn-videos-7178058/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ArticleTwo">{{cite web |title=Think beyond sex and abuse': Netflix, Amazon Prime, other OTT platforms stare at new challenge |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/amp/latest/trends/story/govt-regulation-on-netflix-amazon-prime-to-hamper-freedom-of-storytelling-278382-2020-11-11 |website=businesstoday.in |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=30 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030181644/https://www.businesstoday.in/amp/latest/trends/story/govt-regulation-on-netflix-amazon-prime-to-hamper-freedom-of-storytelling-278382-2020-11-11 |url-status=live }}</ref> Series which were the focus of controversy include [[Four More Shots Please!]],<ref>{{cite web |title=The women of Four More Shots Please 3 react to criticism that the show is 'all about sex' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/four-more-shots-please-3-actors-react-to-criticism-that-the-show-is-all-about-sex-8218407/lite/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106064758/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/four-more-shots-please-3-actors-react-to-criticism-that-the-show-is-all-about-sex-8218407/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Tandav (web series)|Tandav]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Tandav' controversy: Two scenes changed after makers apologise |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tandav-controversy-two-scenes-changed-after-makers-apologise-141934%3famp |website=The News Minute}}</ref> [[Paatal Lok]],<ref name=":4">{{cite web |title=Paatal Lok Web Series Controversies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/paatal-lok-controversies-everything-that-has-happened-6428414/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173920/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/paatal-lok-controversies-everything-that-has-happened-6428414/lite/ |archive-date=20 September 2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Indianexpress}}</ref> [[Sacred Games (TV series)|Sacred Games]],<ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Secred Games series that Sparked Controversies |url=https://timesofindia.com/web-series/news/hindi/family-man-2-tandav-sacred-games-web-series-that-sparked-controversies/amp_etphotostory/83532145.cms |website=Timesofindia}}</ref> [[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur]]<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=HC quashes FIR against 'Mirzapur' web series producers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/court-quashes-fir-against-mirzapur-web-series-producers-7667095/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172348/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/court-quashes-fir-against-mirzapur-web-series-producers-7667095/lite/ |archive-date=20 September 2022 |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Indianexpress}}</ref> [[Lust Stories 2|Lust stories franchise]], and [[Rana Naidu|Rana naidu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-29 |title=Nani on fans’ objection to Venkatesh’s cuss words in Rana Naidu: ‘I am so glad he did something very shocking’ |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/nani-on-fans-objection-to-venkateshs-cuss-words-in-rana-naidu-8522480/ |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
Currently OTT is regulated under the [[Information Technology Rules, 2021|IT Rules 2021]], which clearly stated that 'No content that is prohibited by law at the time being force can be [[Publishing]] or transmitted'. MIB has continuously taking action on OTT platform, who has violating the [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology|IT Act 67A]], which prevent Publishing and transmitting obscene materials.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sachan |first=Abhay |date=2023-11-16 |title=I&B cracks down on 'obscene' content on OTT platforms |url=https://www.broadcastandcablesat.co.in/ib-cracks-down-on-obscene-content-on-ott-platforms/ |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=Broadcast and CableSat |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
* [[Pornography in India]] is restricted and illegal in all form including [[Mass media|print media]], [[electronic media]], and [[digital media]] (OTT).
===Legal action on Obscenity===
* Several [[website]]s and OTT Platforms has been banned by the [[Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre|Cyber Crime Branch]] for streaming [[Pornographic film|Pornographic and obscene content]] on their platform.<ref name="Adult">{{Cite web |title=Mumbai: Owners of two apps arrested, police hint at Singapore link to portal streaming adult movies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-owners-of-two-apps-arrested-police-hint-at-singapore-link-to-portal-streaming-adult-movies-7425417/lite/ |website=Indian Express |date=27 July 2021 |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172355/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-owners-of-two-apps-arrested-police-hint-at-singapore-link-to-portal-streaming-adult-movies-7425417/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cyber Crime Team Cracks Down On Apps Showing Porn |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/indian-porn-ott-app-boom-pandemic-lockdown-hotshots-hothit-fliz-movies |website=The Quint |date=16 April 2021 |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=4 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204183755/https://www.thequint.com/amp/story/entertainment/indian-porn-ott-app-boom-pandemic-lockdown-hotshots-hothit-fliz-movies |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Pornography in India]] is restricted and [[Wrongdoing|illegal]] in all form including [[Mass media|print media]], [[electronic media]], and [[digital media]] (OTT).
* The owners of several OTT platforms on which obscene content was streamed were arrested and all their [[bank account]]s were also frozen.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-27 |title=Mumbai: Owners of two apps arrested, police hint at Singapore link to portal streaming adult movies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-owners-of-two-apps-arrested-police-hint-at-singapore-link-to-portal-streaming-adult-movies-7425417/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sehgal |first=Diganth Raj |date=2021-08-04 |title=All you need to know about the Raj Kundra pornography case |url=https://blog.ipleaders.in/need-know-raj-kundra-pornography-case/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=iPleaders |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Porn racket case: Actress Gehana Vasisth claims Mumbai Police demanded Rs 15 lakh to avoid her arrest |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/porn-racket-case-actress-gehana-vashishth-mumbai-police-15-lakh-avoid-arrest-1835115-2021-07-31 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=India Today |date=31 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* Several [[website]]s and [[Over-the-top media service|OTT Platforms]] has been [[Ban (law)|banned]] by the [[Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre|Cyber Crime Branch]] for streaming [[Pornographic film|Pornographic and obscene content]] on their platform.<ref name="Adult">{{Cite web |title=Mumbai: Owners of two apps arrested, police hint at Singapore link to portal streaming adult movies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-owners-of-two-apps-arrested-police-hint-at-singapore-link-to-portal-streaming-adult-movies-7425417/lite/ |website=Indian Express |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172355/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-owners-of-two-apps-arrested-police-hint-at-singapore-link-to-portal-streaming-adult-movies-7425417/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cyber Crime Team Cracks Down On Apps Showing Porn |url=https://www.thequint.com/amp/story/entertainment/indian-porn-ott-app-boom-pandemic-lockdown-hotshots-hothit-fliz-movies |website=The Quint |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=4 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204183755/https://www.thequint.com/amp/story/entertainment/indian-porn-ott-app-boom-pandemic-lockdown-hotshots-hothit-fliz-movies |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The owners of several OTT platforms on which [[Pornographic Film|Obscene content]] was streamed were [[arrest]]ed and all their [[bank account]]s were also frozen.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-27 |title=Mumbai: Owners of two apps arrested, police hint at Singapore link to portal streaming adult movies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-owners-of-two-apps-arrested-police-hint-at-singapore-link-to-portal-streaming-adult-movies-7425417/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sehgal |first=Diganth Raj |date=2021-08-04 |title=All you need to know about the Raj Kundra pornography case |url=https://blog.ipleaders.in/need-know-raj-kundra-pornography-case/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=iPleaders |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Porn racket case: Actress Gehana Vasisth claims Mumbai Police demanded Rs 15 lakh to avoid her arrest |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/porn-racket-case-actress-gehana-vashishth-mumbai-police-15-lakh-avoid-arrest-1835115-2021-07-31 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* On 27 June 2023, [[Information Technology Rules, 2021|DPCGC]] took [[Punishment|punitive action]] against [[Ullu]] for streaming Obscene content and asked them to remove all their [[Vulgarity|explicit shows]] or remove all [[Sex in film|adult scenes]] within 15 days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-27 |title=DPCGC Takes Action Against OTT Content! More To Follow? |url=https://www.binged.com/news/dpcgc-takes-action-against-ott-content-more-to-follow/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Binged |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-27 |title=Regulatory body tells OTT platform ULLU to take down 'obscene' content: The TL;DR |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/regulatory-body-ott-platform-ullu-take-down-obscene-content-8687977/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>


===Judicial opinion===
===Judicial opinion===
* [[Supreme Court of India]] said that, OTT regulations is a [[Necessity (criminal law)|necessity]] as some even showing [[nudity]] and [[pornography]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-05 |title=OTT regulations a necessity as some even show porn, says SC |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ott-regulations-a-necessity-as-some-even-show-porn-says-sc-101614892661756.html |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ojha |first=Srishti |date=2021-03-23 |title="Online Web Platforms Need To Be Regulated By Statutory Body In The Interest Of Public Morality And Decency " : NGO Submits Before Supreme Court |url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/ott-platforms-supreme-court-netflix-amazon-prime-regulated-by-statutory-body-171562 |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Live Law |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Supreme Court of India]] said that, OTT regulations is a [[Necessity (criminal law)|necessity]] as some even showing nudity and pornography.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-05 |title=OTT regulations a necessity as some even show porn, says SC |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ott-regulations-a-necessity-as-some-even-show-porn-says-sc-101614892661756.html |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ojha |first=Srishti |date=2021-03-23 |title="Online Web Platforms Need To Be Regulated By Statutory Body In The Interest Of Public Morality And Decency ": NGO Submits Before Supreme Court |url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/ott-platforms-supreme-court-netflix-amazon-prime-regulated-by-statutory-body-171562 |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Live Law |language=en}}</ref>
* In March 2023, the [[Delhi High Court]] had said framing rules and regulations to regulate the content on social media and OTT platforms needs [[Attention|urgent attention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thapliyal |first=Nupur |date=2023-04-17 |title=Delhi High Court Seeks Union Govt's Response On Steps To Regulate Content On OTT Platforms, Social Media |url=https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/delhi-high-court/delhi-high-court-union-govt-content-ott-platforms-social-media-226465 |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Live Law |language=en}}</ref>
* In March 2023, the [[Delhi High Court]] had said framing rules and regulations to regulate the content on social media and OTT platforms needs urgent attention.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thapliyal |first=Nupur |date=2023-04-17 |title=Delhi High Court Seeks Union Govt's Response On Steps To Regulate Content On OTT Platforms, Social Media |url=https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/delhi-high-court/delhi-high-court-union-govt-content-ott-platforms-social-media-226465 |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Live Law |language=en}}</ref>


===Criticism===
===Criticism===
IAMAI again pledges self-regulation for OTT platforms. Content creators and producers in India, as mentioned in the report, already face many challenges, including the multiplicity of legislation and forums for filing complaints. The study paper by The Dialogue Internet and IAMAI found that these challenges lead to compliance uncertainties, self-censorship, and unwarranted economic burden.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=2023-08-27 |title=OTTs pledge self-regulation amid scrutiny |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/otts-pledge-self-regulation-amid-scrutiny-11693149231460.html |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=www.livemint.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kondalamahanty |first=Aditya |date=2019-01-23 |title=OTT Companies, Internet Lobbies Oppose Regulation Demand By Telcos |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/ott-companies-internet-lobbies-oppose-regulation-demand-by-telcos/ |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Inc42 Media |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=OTT platforms against new proposal for additional layer in self regulation |url=https://www.storyboard18.com/quantum-brief/ott-platforms-against-new-proposal-for-additional-self-regulatory-body-10550.htm |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=www.storyboard18.com |language=en}}</ref>
IAMAI again pledges self-regulation for OTT platforms. Content creators and producers in India, as mentioned in the report, already face many challenges, including the multiplicity of legislation and forums for filing complaints. The study paper by The Dialogue Internet and IAMAI found that these challenges lead to compliance uncertainties, self-censorship, and unwarranted economic burden. A private association of current affairs and news television broadcasters has expressed strong reservations against the Draft Broadcasting Services (Regulation) Bill, 2023, which it warned would have a "chilling effect" on the freedom of speech and expression, News Broadcasters & Digital Association (NBDA) said in a submission to the information and broadcasting ministry.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=2023-08-27 |title=OTTs pledge self-regulation amid scrutiny |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/otts-pledge-self-regulation-amid-scrutiny-11693149231460.html |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=www.livemint.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=2024-02-09 |title=Draft broadcasting Bill could have 'chilling effect' on freedom of speech: NBDA |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/draft-broadcasting-bill-could-have-chilling-effect-on-freedom-of-speech-says-industry-body-11707466175875.html |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=www.livemint.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kondalamahanty |first=Aditya |date=2019-01-23 |title=OTT Companies, Internet Lobbies Oppose Regulation Demand By Telcos |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/ott-companies-internet-lobbies-oppose-regulation-demand-by-telcos/ |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Inc42 Media |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=OTT platforms against new proposal for additional layer in self regulation |url=https://www.storyboard18.com/quantum-brief/ott-platforms-against-new-proposal-for-additional-self-regulatory-body-10550.htm |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=www.storyboard18.com |language=en}}</ref>


==List of OTT platforms in India==
==List of OTT platforms in India==
Line 118: Line 109:
! Languages !! Notes/Ref.
! Languages !! Notes/Ref.
|-
|-
| AAO NXT || Kaustav DreamWorks || 2019–present
| [https://aaonxt.com/ Aao NXT]|| Kaustav Dreamworks Pvt. Ltd. || 2020–present
| Odia, Bengali, Hindi ||<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://aaonxt.com/|title = AAO NXT |date = 2019}}</ref>
| Odia, Bengali, Hindi ||
|-
|-
| [[Addatimes]] || [[Surinder Films]]|| 2016–present
| [[Addatimes]] || [[Surinder Films]] || 2016–present
| Bengali ||
| Bengali, Odia, Hindi || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/surinder-films-acquires-ott-platform-addatimes-to-release-new-web-shows-and-films/dd536ccbab217|website=OTT Play|date=21 March 2023|access-date=21 March 2023|first=Team|last=OTTplay|title=Surinder Films acquires OTT platform Addatimes, to release new web shows and films}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]] || Arha Media & Broadcasting Pvt. Ltd. || 2020–present
|[[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]] || Arha Media & Broadcasting Pvt. Ltd. || 2020–present
| Telugu, Tamil ||<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://tv9telugu.com/ramu-rao-jupally-and-allu-aravind-lunches-aha-ott-digital-platform-197777.html/amp|title = మై హోం సంస్థ, అల్లు అరవింద్‌ల 'ఆహా'|date = 8 February 2020|access-date = 8 April 2023|archive-date = 16 November 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200511/https://tv9telugu.com/ramu-rao-jupally-and-allu-aravind-lunches-aha-ott-digital-platform-197777.html/amp|url-status = live}}</ref>
| Telugu, Tamil ||<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://tv9telugu.com/ramu-rao-jupally-and-allu-aravind-lunches-aha-ott-digital-platform-197777.html/amp|title = మై హోం సంస్థ, అల్లు అరవింద్‌ల 'ఆహా'|date = 8 February 2020|access-date = 8 April 2023|archive-date = 16 November 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200511/https://tv9telugu.com/ramu-rao-jupally-and-allu-aravind-lunches-aha-ott-digital-platform-197777.html/amp|url-status = live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[ALTBalaji]] || [[Balaji Telefilms]] || 2017–present
| [[Airtel India|Airtel XStream]] || Bharti Airtel || 2019–present
| Bhojpuri, Hindi, Tamil ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcircle.vccircle.com/2015/08/14/tv-serials-movie-producer-balaji-telefilms-launches-online-platform-with-original-digital-content|title=TV serials & movie producer Balaji Telefilms launches online platform with original digital content|date=14 August 2015|website=Techcircle|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=22 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222041940/https://techcircle.vccircle.com/2015/08/14/tv-serials-movie-producer-balaji-telefilms-launches-online-platform-with-original-digital-content|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Bengali, Gujarati, Punjabi, Odia, Assamese, Urdu ||
|-
| [[MX Player|Amazon MX Player]] || [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] || 2018–present
| Bhojpuri, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, Punjabi, Odia, Gujarati, English ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.xda-developers.com/mx-player-reportedly-bought-200-million/|title=MX Player, Reportedly Bought by Indian Media Giant for $200 Million|date=28 June 2018|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224208/https://www.xda-developers.com/mx-player-reportedly-bought-200-million/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Amazon Video|Amazon Prime Video]] || [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] || 2016–present
| [[Amazon Prime Video]]|| [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] || 2016–present
| Marathi, English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, Odia, Punjabi, Gujarati ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/HrRSNfsQaONsfvVh8dU1ZI/Amazon-Prime-Video-launched-in-India.html|title=Amazon Prime Video launched in India|first=Vidhi|last=Choudhary|date=14 December 2016|website=livemint.com|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=20 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220234744/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/HrRSNfsQaONsfvVh8dU1ZI/Amazon-Prime-Video-launched-in-India.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/tv/news/amazon-prime-video-launched-in-india-all-you-need-to-know-1637714|title=Amazon Prime Video, Netflix's Biggest Rival, Has Gone Live in India|first1=Gopal|last1=Sathe|website=NDTV Gadgets 360|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224105/https://gadgets.ndtv.com/tv/news/amazon-prime-video-launched-in-india-all-you-need-to-know-1637714|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Marathi, English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, Odia, Punjabi, Gujarati ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/HrRSNfsQaONsfvVh8dU1ZI/Amazon-Prime-Video-launched-in-India.html|title=Amazon Prime Video launched in India|first=Vidhi|last=Choudhary|date=14 December 2016|website=livemint.com|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=20 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220234744/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/HrRSNfsQaONsfvVh8dU1ZI/Amazon-Prime-Video-launched-in-India.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/tv/news/amazon-prime-video-launched-in-india-all-you-need-to-know-1637714|title=Amazon Prime Video, Netflix's Biggest Rival, Has Gone Live in India|first1=Gopal|last1=Sathe|website=NDTV Gadgets 360|date=14 December 2016 |access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224105/https://gadgets.ndtv.com/tv/news/amazon-prime-video-launched-in-india-all-you-need-to-know-1637714|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Apple TV+]] || [[Apple Inc]] || 2019–present
| [[Apple TV+]] || [[Apple Inc]] || 2019–present
| English,Hindi ||<ref>{{cite news
| English, Hindi ||<ref>{{cite news
  |last1        = Jha
  |last1        = Jha
  |first1      = Lata
  |first1      = Lata
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Arre (brand)|Arre]] || UDigital || 2015–present
| [[Arre (brand)|Arre]] || [https://udigital.co.in/ UDigital]|| 2015–present
| Hindi, English ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://inc42.com/features/startup-watchlist-top-media-entertainment-startups-to-look-out-for-in-2019/|title=Startup Watchlist: Top Media & Entertainment Startups to Look Out for in 2019|date=11 February 2019|access-date=7 March 2019|archive-date=7 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307174018/https://inc42.com/features/startup-watchlist-top-media-entertainment-startups-to-look-out-for-in-2019/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Hindi, English ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://inc42.com/features/startup-watchlist-top-media-entertainment-startups-to-look-out-for-in-2019/|title=Startup Watchlist: Top Media & Entertainment Startups to Look Out for in 2019|date=11 February 2019|access-date=7 March 2019|archive-date=7 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307174018/https://inc42.com/features/startup-watchlist-top-media-entertainment-startups-to-look-out-for-in-2019/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Asianet Mobile TV]] || [[Asianet Satellite Communications]] || 2015–present
| [https://www.atrangii.in/ Atrangii]|| Atrangii || 2022–present
| Malayalam, Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Hindi ||
| Hindi, Tamil, Telugu || <ref>{{cite web|title=The New Hindi General Entertainment Channel ATRANGII launches today|url=https://www.afaqs.com/amp/story/news%2Fmedia%2Fthe-new-hindi-general-entertainment-channel-atrangii-launches-today?|work=afaqs|access-date=12 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[BIGFlix]] || [[Reliance Entertainment]] || 2008–2022
| [[Bongo BD|Bongo OTT]] || [[Bongo BD|Bongo India]] || 2013-present
| Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, Marathi || India's first movie on demand service<ref name="I.com" />
| Bengali ||
|-
|-
| [[Crunchyroll]] || [[Sony]] || 2006–present
| [[Chaupal (streaming service)|Chaupal]]|| Bosna Digital Pvt. Ltd. || 2021–present || Punjabi, Haryanvi, Bhojpuri || <ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/pollywood-chaupal-ott-one-year-people-roots-inspiration-8113689/ | title=Pollywood: Chaupal OTT completes one year, says connecting people to their roots was an inspiration | date=26 August 2022 }}</ref>
| English, Chinese, Arabic, Hindi, Castillian, Italian, Japanese, Spanish, Portuguese, German, French and Russian ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://animeindia.in/list-of-crunchyroll-anime-in-india/|title=List Of Crunchyroll Anime In India|date=10 July 2020|website=animeindia.in|access-date=29 May 2022|archive-date=12 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412124608/https://animeindia.in/list-of-crunchyroll-anime-in-india/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-27 |title=List of Crunchyroll Hindi Dubbed Anime in India – MightyAnime |url=https://mightyanime.com/crunchyroll-hindi-dubbed-anime/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=Mighty Anime |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Discovery+]] || [[Warner Bros. Discovery]] || 2020–present
| [[CSpace]] || [[Government of Kerala]] || 2024–present || Malayalam || <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!bharat/kerala-govt-launches-countrys-first-ott-platform-cspace-enn24030706963 | title=Kerala Govt Launches Country's First OTT Platform CSpace | date=7 March 2024 }}</ref>
| Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Bengali and Marathi || {{citation needed|date=January 2022}}
|-
|-
| [[Disney+ Hotstar]] || [[Star India]] ([[The Walt Disney Company India]]) || 2015–present
| [https://www.dangalplay.com/ Dangal Play]|| [https://www.enterr10tv.in/ Enterr10 Television Pvt. Ltd.]|| 2022–present
| Hindi, English, Tamil, Marathi, Telugu, Malayalam, Bengali, Kannada, Odia || India's most subscribed OTT platform<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/|title=Home Main|website=Media News 4 U|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221212738/https://www.medianews4u.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=February 2019}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/star-india-rejigs-hotstar-service-to-drive-growth/articleshow/65685631.cms|title=Star India rejigs Hotstar service to drive growth|first=Gaurav|last=Laghate|date=5 September 2018|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=22 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222152314/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/star-india-rejigs-hotstar-service-to-drive-growth/articleshow/65685631.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Hindi, Bhojpuri, Bengali, Odia, Marathi ||  
|-
|-
| [[dittoTV]] || [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]] || 2012–2018
| [https://www.eortv.com/ EORTV]|| [https://www.eortv.com/ EORTV Media Pvt. Ltd.]|| 2020-present
| English, Hindi, Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, Marathi, Gujarati, Punjabi and Bengali || Dissolved and Integrated into Zee5
| Hindi, English, Marathi, Gujarati || <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.https://www.exchange4media.com/digital-news/eortv-launches-video-sharing-platform-eortok-106534.html | title=EORtV launches video sharing platform EORtOK | date=1 August 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|-
| Dangal Play || [[Enterr10 Television Network]] || 2022–present
| [[Epic On]] || [[IN10 Media Network|IN10 Media Pvt. Ltd.]] || 2014-present
| Hindi, Bhojpuri, Bengali || Only for Entertainment content
| Hindi, English, Bhojpuri, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, Punjabi, Haryanvi ||
|-
|-
| [[Eros Now]] || [[Eros International]] || 2015–present
| [[Eros Now]] || [[Eros International]] || 2015–present
| Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, Punjabi || Titled as 'Best OTT Platform of the Year 2019' at the British Asian Media Awards<ref name="medianama.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.medianama.com/2019/02/223-eros-now-earnings-q3fy19/|title=Eros Now has 13M paid subscribers in Q3FY19; now at 128M registered users|date=8 February 2019|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=18 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218021209/https://www.medianama.com/2019/02/223-eros-now-earnings-q3fy19/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Hindi, English, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Marathi, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, Punjabi, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Urdu || Titled as 'Best OTT Platform of the Year 2019' at the British Asian Media Awards<ref name="medianama.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.medianama.com/2019/02/223-eros-now-earnings-q3fy19/|title=Eros Now has 13M paid subscribers in Q3FY19; now at 128M registered users|date=8 February 2019|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=18 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218021209/https://www.medianama.com/2019/02/223-eros-now-earnings-q3fy19/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[ETV Telugu|ETV Win]] || [[ETV Network]] || 2019–present
|[[ETV Win]] || [[ETV Network]] || 2019–present
| Telugu ||
| English, Telugu || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-08 |title=Eenadu Television launches OTT Platform ETV WIN; to offer all Network channels in single app |url=https://www.medianews4u.com/eenadu-television-launches-ott-platform-etv-win-to-offer-all-network-channels-in-single-app/ |access-date=2025-02-24 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Hayu (subscription service)|Hayu]] || [[NBCUniversal]] || 2016–present
| [[Hayu (subscription service)|Hayu]] || [[NBCUniversal]] || 2016–present
| English ||<ref>{{cite web|last=Jha|first=Lata|date=6 December 2021|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/new-ott-platform-hayu-launched-in-india-11638766427771.html|title=New OTT platform hayu launched in India|publisher=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|access-date=20 June 2022|archive-date=20 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620182607/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/new-ott-platform-hayu-launched-in-india-11638766427771.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| English ||<ref>{{cite web|last=Jha|first=Lata|date=6 December 2021|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/new-ott-platform-hayu-launched-in-india-11638766427771.html|title=New OTT platform hayu launched in India|publisher=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|access-date=20 June 2022|archive-date=20 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620182607/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/new-ott-platform-hayu-launched-in-india-11638766427771.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Hoichoi || [[Shree Venkatesh Films]] || 2017–present
| [https://hariom.app/ Hari Om]|| Hari Om || 2024–present
| Bengali, Bhojpuri, Hindi || Bengali Content
| Hindi || Mythological  and devotional content<ref>{{cite web|title=India's maiden mythology OTT platform 'Hari Om' set to debut: Details here|url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/india-s-maiden-mythology-ott-platform-hari-om-set-to-debut-details-here-124051500314_1.html|access-date=15 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Hooq]] || [[Sony Pictures]], [[Warner Bros.]] and [[Singtel]] || 2015–2020
| [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.hippiix.play&hl=en_IN Hippiix App]|| Hippiix || 2020-present
| English || Dissolved in 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.techinasia.com/singtel-start-netflix-competitor-asia-partners-sony-pictures-warner-bros|title=Tech in Asia – Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem|website=techinasia.com|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=27 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227060642/https://www.techinasia.com/singtel-start-netflix-competitor-asia-partners-sony-pictures-warner-bros|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Bengali, Hindi ||
|-
| [https://hoichoi.tv/ Hoichoi App]|| [[Shree Venkatesh Films]] || 2017–present
| Bengali, Hindi ||
|-
|-
| [[Hungama Digital Media Entertainment|Hungama Play]] ||[[Hungama Digital Media Entertainment]] || 2015–present
| [[Hungama Digital Media Entertainment|Hungama Play]] ||[[Hungama Digital Media Entertainment]] || 2015–present
| Bhojpuri, Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu ||<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kanth|first=K. Rajani|date=24 July 2015|title=Hungama launches on-demand movies app Hungama Play|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/hungama-launches-on-demand-movies-app-hungama-play-115072400136_1.html|access-date=2020-10-12|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026075150/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/hungama-launches-on-demand-movies-app-hungama-play-115072400136_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Bhojpuri, Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu ||<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kanth|first=K. Rajani|date=24 July 2015|title=Hungama launches on-demand movies app Hungama Play|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/hungama-launches-on-demand-movies-app-hungama-play-115072400136_1.html|access-date=2020-10-12|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026075150/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/hungama-launches-on-demand-movies-app-hungama-play-115072400136_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]] || [[JioStar]] || 2015–present
| Hindi, English, Tamil, Marathi, Telugu, Malayalam, Bengali, Kannada, Odia || India's most subscribed OTT platform<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/|title=Home Main|website=Media News 4 U|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221212738/https://www.medianews4u.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=February 2019}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/star-india-rejigs-hotstar-service-to-drive-growth/articleshow/65685631.cms|title=Star India rejigs Hotstar service to drive growth|first=Gaurav|last=Laghate|date=5 September 2018|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=22 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222152314/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/star-india-rejigs-hotstar-service-to-drive-growth/articleshow/65685631.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[JioTV]] || [[Jio Platforms]] || 2016–present
| [[JioTV]] || [[Jio Platforms]] || 2016–present
| Assamese, Bengali, Bhojpuri, English, French, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu || Only available for [[Jio]] Subscribers<ref name="play.google.com">{{Cite web|title=JioCinema: Movies TV Originals – Apps on Google Play|url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.jio.media.ondemand&hl=en_US&gl=US|access-date=2020-10-12|website=play.google.com|language=en|archive-date=2 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102065258/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.jio.media.ondemand&hl=en_US&gl=US|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Assamese, Bengali, Bhojpuri, English, French, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu || Only available for [[Jio]] Subscribers<ref name="play.google.com">{{Cite web|title=JioCinema: Movies TV Originals – Apps on Google Play|url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.jio.media.ondemand&hl=en_US&gl=US|access-date=2020-10-12|website=play.google.com|language=en|archive-date=2 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102065258/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.jio.media.ondemand&hl=en_US&gl=US|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[JioCinema]] || [[Jio Platforms]] || 2016–present
| [https://www.kableone.com/ Kabla One]|| [https://play.google.com/store/apps/developer?id=Seven+Colors+Broadcasting+Private+Limited&hl=en_IN Seven Colors Broadcasting Pvt. Ltd.]|| 2025-present
| English, Hindi, Tamil, Marathi, Telugu, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, Odia, Punjabi, Gujarati || Now available to all irrespective of network<ref name="play.google.com" />
| Punjabi, Haryanvi, Hindi, English ||
|-
|-
| Kanccha Lannka || [[Akshay Parija]] || 2021–present
| [https://www.kancchalannka.com Kanccha Lanka]|| Glass Dreamz Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. || 2021–present
| Odia ||<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.kancchalannka.com/|title = Kanccha Lannka|date = 2021}}</ref>
| Odia ||  
|-
|-
| [[Klikk]] || Angel Television Private Limited || 2020–present
| [[Klikk]] || Angel Television Pvt. Ltd. || 2020–present
| Bengali || Bengali Content
| Bengali, Bhojpuri, Hindi ||
|-
|-
| [[Lionsgate Play]] || [[Lionsgate]] || 2020–present
| [https://www.kutingg.com/ Kutingg]|| [[Balaji Telefilms]] || 2025–present
| Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu, Arabic ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/altt-repackaged-as-kutingg-from-broken-but-beautiful-to-mom-heres-a-glimpse-into-everything-you-can-stream-on-ott-platform/ce98d9af44330|website=OTT Play|date=17 September 2025|access-date=17 September 2025|first=Shaheen|last=Irani|title=Kutingg launched on OTT: Here's everything you need to know}}</ref>
|-
| [[Lionsgate Play]] || [[Starz Entertainment|Lionsgate]] || 2020–present
| English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Bengali, Kannada, Malayalam ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2021 |first=Suhani |last=Singh |title=How Lionsgate Play is betting big on India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/how-lionsgate-play-is-betting-big-on-india-1851131-2021-09-09 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=23 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723103405/https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/how-lionsgate-play-is-betting-big-on-india-1851131-2021-09-09 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Bengali, Kannada, Malayalam ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2021 |first=Suhani |last=Singh |title=How Lionsgate Play is betting big on India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/how-lionsgate-play-is-betting-big-on-india-1851131-2021-09-09 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=23 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723103405/https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/how-lionsgate-play-is-betting-big-on-india-1851131-2021-09-09 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[MX Player]] || [[Times Internet]] || 2018–present
| [https://mahuaplay.com/ Mahua Play]|| [https://mahuanetwork.com/ Lavitra Communications Pvt Ltd]|| 2024-present
| Bhojpuri, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, Punjabi, Odia, Gujarati, English ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.xda-developers.com/mx-player-reportedly-bought-200-million/|title=MX Player, Reportedly Bought by Indian Media Giant for $200 Million|date=28 June 2018|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224208/https://www.xda-developers.com/mx-player-reportedly-bought-200-million/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Bhojpuri, Hindi, English ||
|-
|[https://masktvott.com/ MaskTV App]
|Weltretter Projects and Consultants Private Limited
|2022-present
|Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam
|
|-  
| [https://www.mastii.in/ Mastii App]|| Mastii || 2024-present
| Hindi, English ||
|-
|-
| [[ManoramaMAX]] || Malayala Manorama TV Ltd. || 2019–present
| [[ManoramaMAX]] || Malayala Manorama TV Ltd. || 2019–present
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Netflix]] || Netflix Inc. || 2015–present
| [[Netflix]] || Netflix Inc. || 2016–present
| English, Hindi, Tamil, Marathi, Telugu, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://inc42.com/resources/the-arrival-of-netflix-in-india/|title=The Arrival Of Netflix In India: All That You Need To Know|website=inc42.com|date=7 January 2016|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=18 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318124331/https://inc42.com/resources/the-arrival-of-netflix-in-india/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| English, Hindi, Tamil, Marathi, Telugu, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://inc42.com/resources/the-arrival-of-netflix-in-india/|title=The Arrival Of Netflix In India: All That You Need To Know|website=inc42.com|date=7 January 2016|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=18 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318124331/https://inc42.com/resources/the-arrival-of-netflix-in-india/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Niri9 || Niri Media OPC Private Limited || 2020–present
| [https://nammaflix.com/ NammaFlix]|| NammaFlix || 2020–present
| Assamese, Hindi, Bengali ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://insidechronicle.com/entertainment/assams-new-ott-platform-niri-9-launched-in-guwahati-with-grand-web-series-trailers|title=New OTT platform NIRI 9 Launched in Guwahati with grand web series trailers|date=30 December 2020}}</ref>
| Kannada ||  
|-
| [https://niri9.com/ Niri9]|| Niri Media Pvt. Ltd. || 2020–present
| Hindi, Bengali, Assamese, Mishing, Bhojpuri ||  
|-
|-
| [[OHO Gujarati]] || [[OHO Gujarati]] || 2021–present
| [https://www.onetheatre.in/ OneTheatre]|| GTPL KCBPL || 2025–present
| Gujarati || Gujarati Content
| Bengali ||
|-
| Platform8 || Channel Eight Virtual Estudios Ltd. || 2021–present
| Bengali ||
|-
|-
| Planet Marathi || Planet Marathi || 2021–present
| [[Planet Marathi OTT|Planet Marathi]]|| [[Planet Marathi]]|| 2021–present
| Marathi || Marathi Content<ref>{{Cite web|title=Planet Marathi {{!}} World's First Marathi OTT Platform|url=https://planetmarathi.com/|access-date=2021-09-11|website=Planet Marathi|language=en|archive-date=1 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801133325/https://www.planetmarathi.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Marathi || Marathi Content<ref>{{Cite web|title=Planet Marathi {{!}} World's First Marathi OTT Platform|url=https://planetmarathi.com/|access-date=2021-09-11|website=Planet Marathi|language=en|archive-date=1 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801133325/https://www.planetmarathi.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Quibi]] || Independent || 2018–2020
| Prideplex || Pride East Entertainments Pvt. Ltd. || 2022–present
| English || Dissolved 2020
| Assamese, Hindi, English ||
|-
| PTC Play || G Next Media Pvt. Ltd. || 2019-present
| Punjabi, Bhojpuri, Hindi, English ||
|-
| Raj Digital TV App || [[Raj Television Network]] || 2022-present
| Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam
|-
| Ratri || Flowing Water Films Pvt. Ltd. || 2023–present
| Hindi, Telugu, Bengali ||
|-
| ReelDrama || ReelDrama Production Pvt. Ltd. || 2021–present
| Assamese ||
|-
|[[Saina Play]] || Saina Infotainments || 2019–present
|Malayalam, Tamil || Malayalam content<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anand |first=Shilpa Nair |date=2021-05-14 |title=The journey from an audio and video cassette rental to launching an OTT platform: Saina's journey in entertainment |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/when-malayalam-ott-platform-saina-play-goes-live-it-will-be-another-feather-in-founder-pm-bavas-cap/article34557486.ece |access-date=2024-12-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[ShemarooMe]] || [[Shemaroo Entertainment]] || 2019–present
| [[ShemarooMe]] || [[Shemaroo Entertainment]] || 2019–present
| Hindi, Marathi, Tamil, Gujarati ||<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 February 2019|title=Shemaroo Announces the Launch of New OTT Platform ShemarooMe|url=https://www.dqindia.com/shemaroo-announces-launch-new-ott-platform-shemaroome/|access-date=2020-10-12|website=DATAQUEST|language=en-US|archive-date=6 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206213353/https://www.dqindia.com/shemaroo-announces-launch-new-ott-platform-shemaroome/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Hindi, English, Marathi, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Gujarati, Punjabi, Bengali, Kannada, Urdu ||<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 February 2019|title=Shemaroo Announces the Launch of New OTT Platform ShemarooMe|url=https://www.dqindia.com/shemaroo-announces-launch-new-ott-platform-shemaroome/|access-date=2020-10-12|website=DATAQUEST|language=en-US|archive-date=6 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206213353/https://www.dqindia.com/shemaroo-announces-launch-new-ott-platform-shemaroome/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[SonyLIV]] || [[Culver Max Entertainment]] || 2013–present
| [[SonyLIV]] || [[Culver Max Entertainment]] || 2013–present
| Hindi, Telugu, English, Tamil, Marathi, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, Punjabi ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/pti-stories?time=1550757962|title=PTI Stories – Business Standard|website=Business Standard|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=22 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222043326/https://www.business-standard.com/pti-stories?time=1550757962|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brightcove.com/en/company/press/sonyliv-powers-ott-video-streaming-30-million-users-brightcove|title=SonyLIV Powers OTT Video Streaming for 30 Million Users with Brightcove|website=Brightcove|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=22 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222152327/https://www.brightcove.com/en/company/press/sonyliv-powers-ott-video-streaming-30-million-users-brightcove|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Hindi, Telugu, English, Tamil, Marathi, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, Punjabi ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/pti-stories?time=1550757962|title=PTI Stories – Business Standard|website=Business Standard|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=22 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222043326/https://www.business-standard.com/pti-stories?time=1550757962|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brightcove.com/en/company/press/sonyliv-powers-ott-video-streaming-30-million-users-brightcove|title=SonyLIV Powers OTT Video Streaming for 30 Million Users with Brightcove|website=Brightcove|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=22 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222152327/https://www.brightcove.com/en/company/press/sonyliv-powers-ott-video-streaming-30-million-users-brightcove|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Spuul]] || [[Independent politician|Independent]] || 2012–present
| Stage App || Stage Technologies Pvt. Ltd. || 2019-present
| Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, English ||
| Haryanvi, Rajasthani, Bhojpuri, Gujarati ||
|-
| [[Sun NXT]] || [[Sun Group]] || 2017–present
| Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Bengali, and Marathi ||
|-
|[[Odisha TV|Tarang Plus]] || [[Odisha TV|Odisha Television Network]] || 2019–present
| Odia ||
|-
| [[Tata Play]] || [[Tata Group]] || 2019–present
| Hindi, English, Bengali, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, and Telugu ||
|-
| Tentkotta || Tentkotta || 2014–present
| Tamil ||  
|-
|-
| [[The Viral Fever|TVFPlay]] || Contagious Online Media Network Private Limited || 2015–present
| [[The Viral Fever|TVFPlay]] || Contagious Online Media Network Private Limited || 2015–present
| Hindi, Tamil, Telugu ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/this-iit-kharagpur-alumnus-is-the-brain-behind-the-viral-fever-media/articleshow/46142385.cms|title=This IIT Kharagpur alumnus is the brain behind The Viral Fever Media|first=Aditi|last=Saxena|date=6 February 2015|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=25 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225205956/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/this-iit-kharagpur-alumnus-is-the-brain-behind-the-viral-fever-media/articleshow/46142385.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Hindi, Tamil, Telugu ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/this-iit-kharagpur-alumnus-is-the-brain-behind-the-viral-fever-media/articleshow/46142385.cms|title=This IIT Kharagpur alumnus is the brain behind The Viral Fever Media|first=Aditi|last=Saxena|date=6 February 2015|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=25 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225205956/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/this-iit-kharagpur-alumnus-is-the-brain-behind-the-viral-fever-media/articleshow/46142385.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[The Blunt]]
| [[Ultra Jhakaas]] || [[Ultra Media & Entertainment]] || 2023–present
|Dramashop Media Private Limited
| Marathi || Marathi content<ref>{{Cite web |title=OTT Trends: What India Saw In 2023 |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/weekend/ott-trends-what-india-saw-in-2023 |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>
|2020 –
present
|Hindi and English
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Sangri |date=2023-08-21 |title=Welcome to The Blunt – Where Good Vibes Meet Great Stories! |url=https://www.sangritoday.com/welcome-to-the-blunt-where-good-vibes-meet-great-stories |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=Sangri Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Sun NXT]] || [[Sun Group]] || 2017–present
| Ultra Play OTT || [[Ultra Media & Entertainment]] || 2024–present
| Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Bengali and Marathi ||
| Hindi || Hindi content<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hindi Diwas 2024: 5 Classic Films You Need To Watch |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/hindi-diwas-2024-5-classic-films-you-need-to-watch |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[TarangPlus]] || [[Odisha Television Network]] || 2019–present
| Ultra Gaane || [[Ultra Media & Entertainment]] || 2024–present
| Odia ||<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://tarangplus.in/|title = Tarang Plus|date = 2019}}</ref>
| Hindi || Hindi content<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ultra Media & Entertainment Group Unveils 2 new exclusive OTT platforms Ultra Play and Ultra Gaane |url=https://www.business-standard.com/content/press-releases-ani/ultra-media-entertainment-group-unveils-2-new-exclusive-ott-platforms-ultra-play-and-ultra-gaane-124090500001_1.html |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Ullu App]] || [[Ullu App]] || 2018–present
| Veto App || Veto Streaming Media Pvt. Ltd. || 2025-present
| Hindi ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/ullu-apps-ceo-vibhu-agarwal-talks-about-up-coming-web-series-the-bull-of-dalal-street/21594194|title=Ullu was launched globally on December 25, 2018, and the content is created by some of the best talents of the entertainment industry|date=23 August 2019|website=Midday|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929233548/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/ullu-apps-ceo-vibhu-agarwal-talks-about-up-coming-web-series-the-bull-of-dalal-street/21594194|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Hindi, English, Bhojpuri, Marathi, Malayalam, Punjabi, Tamil || <ref>{{Cite web|title=India TV Launches OTT App: Expands Digital Presence with Family-Focused Offering |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/business/news/india-tv-launches-ott-app-expands-digital-presence-with-family-focused-offering-2025-06-09-993900#:~:text=India%20TV%20Launches%20OTT%20App,understanding%20of%20the%20Indian%20audience. |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Viki (streaming service)|Viki]] || [[Rakuten]] || 2010–present
| [[Viki (streaming service)|Viki]] || [[Rakuten]] || 2010–present
| English || Web and mobile<ref>{{Cite web|title=ViKi Raises $4.3 Million from VC All-Stars to Translate the World's Video|url=https://social.techcrunch.com/2010/12/08/viki-raises-4-3-million-from-vc-all-stars-to-translate-the-worlds-video/|access-date=2021-04-05|website=TechCrunch|date=8 December 2010|language=en-US|archive-date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408180906/https://techcrunch.com/2010/12/08/viki-raises-4-3-million-from-vc-all-stars-to-translate-the-worlds-video/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=International Video Site ViKi Debuts iPhone App, Will Partner With Samsung For Android App|url=https://social.techcrunch.com/2011/09/23/international-video-site-viki-debuts-iphone-app-will-partner-with-samsung-for-android-app/|access-date=2021-04-05|website=TechCrunch|date=23 September 2011|language=en-US|archive-date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408180914/https://techcrunch.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/GettyImages-1250813563.jpg?w=600&h=347&crop=1|url-status=live}}</ref>
| English || Web and mobile<ref>{{Cite web|title=ViKi Raises $4.3 Million from VC All-Stars to Translate the World's Video|url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/12/08/viki-raises-4-3-million-from-vc-all-stars-to-translate-the-worlds-video/|access-date=2021-04-05|website=TechCrunch|date=8 December 2010|language=en-US|archive-date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408180906/https://techcrunch.com/2010/12/08/viki-raises-4-3-million-from-vc-all-stars-to-translate-the-worlds-video/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=International Video Site ViKi Debuts iPhone App, Will Partner With Samsung For Android App|url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/09/23/international-video-site-viki-debuts-iphone-app-will-partner-with-samsung-for-android-app/|access-date=2021-04-05|website=TechCrunch|date=23 September 2011|language=en-US|archive-date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408180914/https://techcrunch.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/GettyImages-1250813563.jpg?w=600&h=347&crop=1|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Viu (streaming media)|Viu]] || [[HK Television Entertainment]] || 2015–2021
| [[Vuclip]] || [[PCCW]] || 2008–present
| Hindi, Tamil, Telugu ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.digitalnewsasia.com/pccw-looks-viu-just-start|title=PCCW looks at Viu as just the start|date=4 April 2016|website=Digital News Asia|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807033331/https://www.digitalnewsasia.com/pccw-looks-viu-just-start|url-status=live}}</ref> Stopped its services in India in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/viu-india-to-shut-its-operation|title=Viu to shut India operations|date=16 December 2019|website=afaqs!|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=8 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208134845/https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/viu-india-to-shut-its-operation|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Hindi, Tamil, Telugu ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.casbaa.com/media-and-resources/news-center/casbaa-news/8051-pccw-embarks-on-strategic-expansion-of-ott-video-business|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316033922/http://www.casbaa.com/media-and-resources/news-center/casbaa-news/8051-pccw-embarks-on-strategic-expansion-of-ott-video-business|archive-date=16 March 2015|title=PCCW embarks on strategic expansion of OTT video business|date=16 March 2015}}</ref>
|-
| WaahPlay || Waah Play Entertainment || 2025-present
| Hindi, Punjabi ||
|-
|-
| [[Voot]] || [[Viacom 18]] || 2016–2023
| Waves || [[Prasar Bharati]] || 2024–present
| English, Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Marathi, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, Odia, Punjabi, Gujarati ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/viacom18-launches-video-on-demand-platform-voot/articleshow/51606120.cms|title=Viacom18 launches video-on-demand platform Voot|date=29 March 2016|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=12 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412083352/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/viacom18-launches-video-on-demand-platform-voot/articleshow/51606120.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Merge With JioCinema
| Hindi, English, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi
||
|-
|-
| [[Vuclip]] || [[PCCW]] || 2008–present
| Watcho App || [[Dish TV|Dish TV India Ltd.]] || 2019-present
| Hindi, Tamil, Telugu ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.casbaa.com/media-and-resources/news-center/casbaa-news/8051-pccw-embarks-on-strategic-expansion-of-ott-video-business|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316033922/http://www.casbaa.com/media-and-resources/news-center/casbaa-news/8051-pccw-embarks-on-strategic-expansion-of-ott-video-business|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 March 2015|title=PCCW embarks on strategic expansion of OTT video business|date=16 March 2015}}</ref>
| Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Bengali, Gujarati, Punjabi, Odia, Assamese, Urdu ||
|-
|-
| [[YuppTV]] || [[YuppTV]] || 2007–present
| [[YuppTV]] || [[YuppTV]] || 2007–present
| Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Kannada ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151027005834/en/YuppTV-Launches-in-India-Revolutionizes-the-Way-People-Watch-Television|title=YuppTV Launches in India: Revolutionizes the Way People Watch Television|date=27 October 2015|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=26 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326093659/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151027005834/en/YuppTV-Launches-in-India-Revolutionizes-the-Way-People-Watch-Television|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Kannada ||<ref>{{Cite press release|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151027005834/en/YuppTV-Launches-in-India-Revolutionizes-the-Way-People-Watch-Television|title=YuppTV Launches in India: Revolutionizes the Way People Watch Television|date=27 October 2015|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=26 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326093659/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151027005834/en/YuppTV-Launches-in-India-Revolutionizes-the-Way-People-Watch-Television|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[ZEE5]] || [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]] || 2018–present
| [[ZEE5]] || [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]] || 2018–present
Line 302: Line 345:
|}
|}


==List of podcast platforms in India==
== List of podcast platforms in India ==
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: auto; margin: auto auto;"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|+
! Name
!Name
! Free access
!Free access
! Selective streaming
!Selective streaming
! [[Lossless compression|Lossless]] (Hi-Fi)
![[Lossless compression|Lossless]] (Hi-Fi)
! Track download
!Track download
! Tracks (millions)
!Tracks (millions)
! Active users (millions)
!Active users (millions)
! Paying users (millions)
!Paying users (millions)
! First launched
!First launched
! Login required
!Login required
|-
|-
|[[Amazon Music]]
|[[Amazon Music]]
| {{No}}
|No
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|title = Amazon.com Help: What is Amazon HD|website = Amazon|url = https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=G8X4YJYLED87FSH2|access-date = 20 September 2019|archive-date = 23 September 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190923161202/https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=G8X4YJYLED87FSH2|url-status = live}}</ref>
|Yes
| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|title = Amazon.com Help: Download Prime Music for Offline Playback|website = Amazon|url = https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=201535240|access-date = 31 July 2015|archive-date = 19 September 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160919133959/https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=201535240|url-status = live}}</ref>
|Yes
| 50 (Unlimited), 2 (Prime Music)<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.amazon.co.uk/b/ref=dm_hf_lp_fourpack?ie=UTF8&node=11741995031|title = Amazon Music Unlimited FAQ|website = Amazon UK|access-date = 18 November 2016|archive-date = 28 September 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210928071825/https://www.amazon.co.uk/b/ref=dm_hf_lp_fourpack?ie=UTF8&node=11741995031|url-status = live}}</ref>
|50 (Unlimited), 2 (Prime Music)
|16<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.midiaresearch.com/blog/amazon-music-the-dark-horse-comes-out-of-the-shadows/|title=Amazon Music: The Dark Horse Comes Out Of The Shadows {{!}} MIDiA Research|date=20 October 2017|work=MIDiA Research|access-date=17 March 2018|archive-date=17 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317192640/http://www.midiaresearch.com/blog/amazon-music-the-dark-horse-comes-out-of-the-shadows/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|16
|
|
|
|
| Yes
|Yes
|-
|-
| [[Apple Music]]
|[[Apple Music]]
| {{No}}
|No
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
|[https://www.apple.com/au/apple-music/ 60]
|60
|60<ref name=":6">{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/apple-music-on-track-to-overtake-spotify-in-u-s-subscribers-1517745720|title=Apple Music on Track to Overtake Spotify in U.S. Subscribers|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=5 February 2018|access-date=6 February 2018|last1=Steele|first1=Anne|archive-date=6 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206001518/https://www.wsj.com/articles/apple-music-on-track-to-overtake-spotify-in-u-s-subscribers-1517745720|url-status=live}}</ref>
|60
|60<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/03/28/pandora-takes-on-spotify-with-dozens-of-personalized-playlists-built-using-its-music-genome/|title=Pandora takes on Spotify with dozens of personalized playlists built using its Music Genome – TechCrunch|website=techcrunch.com|date=28 March 2018|access-date=20 May 2018|archive-date=20 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520124145/https://techcrunch.com/2018/03/28/pandora-takes-on-spotify-with-dozens-of-personalized-playlists-built-using-its-music-genome/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|60
| June 2015
|June 2015
| Yes
|Yes
|-
|-
| [[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]
|[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
| {{No}}
|No
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes
|Yes
|-
|-
| [[Hungama Digital Media Entertainment|Hungama]]
|[[Hungama Digital Media Entertainment|Hungama]]
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
| {{No}}
|No
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes
|Yes
|-
|-
| [[JioSaavn]]
|[[JioSaavn]]
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
| {{No}}
|No
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
|30<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title = Saavn, 'India's Spotify', Reveals It Has 11M Monthly Users And Hires Ex-Google Exec|url = https://techcrunch.com/2015/01/21/saavn-11-million-mau/|website = TechCrunch|access-date = 29 August 2015|first = Jon|last = Russell|date = 22 January 2015|archive-date = 24 August 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150824170857/http://techcrunch.com/2015/01/21/saavn-11-million-mau/|url-status = live}}</ref>
|30
| 20<ref name=":2" />
|20
|
|
|
|
| Yes
|Yes
|-
|-
| [[SoundCloud]]
|[[SoundCloud]]
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
| {{Partial}}
|Partial
| {{Partial|Limited}}
|Limited
| 200+<ref>{{cite magazine | title=SiriusXM Acquires Minority Stake in SoundCloud With $75 Million Investment | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8550690/siriusxm-invests-75-million-into-soundcloud | date=11 February 2019 | access-date=8 April 2023 | archive-date=30 April 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430195401/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8550690/siriusxm-invests-75-million-into-soundcloud | url-status=live }}</ref>
|200+
|175<ref>{{Cite news|title = SoundCloud's Valuation Could Top Billion With New Fundraising|url = https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/12/09/soundclouds-valuation-could-top-1-2-billion-with-new-fundraising/|website = WSJ Blogs – Digits|date = 9 December 2014|access-date = 9 August 2015|first1 = Evelyn M.|last1 = Rusli|first2 = Hannah|last2 = Karp|first3 = Douglas|last3 = MacMillan|archive-date = 14 August 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150814035711/http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/12/09/soundclouds-valuation-could-top-1-2-billion-with-new-fundraising/|url-status = live}}</ref>
|175
|
|
|
|
| No
|No
|-
|-
| [[Spotify]]
|[[Spotify]]
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
| {{No}}
|No
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
| 50<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsroom.spotify.com/2019-08-19/upgraded-spotify-premium-family-plan-value-the-entire-household-will-love/|title=Upgraded Spotify Premium Family Plan: Value the Entire Household Will Love|date=19 August 2019|access-date=21 August 2019|archive-date=20 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820165810/https://newsroom.spotify.com/2019-08-19/upgraded-spotify-premium-family-plan-value-the-entire-household-will-love/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|50
| 289<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/29/spotify-q1-beats-on-sales-of-2b-with-monthly-active-users-up-31-to-286m/|title=Spotify Q1 beats on sales of $2B with monthly active users up 31% to 286M|date=29 April 2020|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=31 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331095701/https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/29/spotify-q1-beats-on-sales-of-2b-with-monthly-active-users-up-31-to-286m/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|289
| 130
|130
| October 2008
|October 2008
| Yes
|Yes
|-
|-
| [[Wynk]]
|[[YouTube Music]]
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
| {{No}}
|No
| {{Yes}}
|Yes
|50
|
|
|
|
|
|November 2015
|
|No
| Yes
|-
| [[YouTube Music]]
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
|50<ref>{{Cite web|title=YouTube Music is making it simple to transfer over your Google Play Music library|url=https://youtube.googleblog.com/2020/05/youtube-music-transfer-google-play-music-library.html|access-date=2020-06-15|website=Official YouTube Blog|language=en|archive-date=12 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512183516/https://youtube.googleblog.com/2020/05/youtube-music-transfer-google-play-music-library.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|
|
| November 2015
| No
|}
|}
==See also==
* [[Streaming television]]
* [[Streaming media]]
* [[List of streaming media services]]
* [[Multichannel television in the United States]]
* [[Golden Age of Television (2000s–present)]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


[[Category:Broadcasting in India]]
[[Category:Broadcasting in India]]
[[Category:History of telecommunications|OTT in India]]
[[Category:History of telecommunications|OTT in India]]
[[Category:Net neutrality]]
[[Category:Streaming television in India]]
[[Category:Set-top box]]
[[Category:Subscription video streaming services]]
[[Category:Digital media]]

Latest revision as of 11:57, 28 September 2026

There are at least 99 providers of over-the-top media services (OTT) in India, recognised by the Government of India[1] which distribute streaming media or video on demand over the Internet.

History and growth[edit | edit source]

The first dependent Indian OTT platform was BIGFlix, launched by Reliance Entertainment in 2008.[2] In 2010 Digivive launched India's first OTT mobile app called nexGTv, which provides access to both live TV and on–demand content. nexGTV was the first app to live–stream Indian Premier League matches on smart phones and did so during 2013 and 2014. The livestream of the IPL since 2015, when rights were won,[3] played an important role in the growth of another OTT platform, Hotstar (now JioHotstar) in India.[4] OTT Platforms gained significant momentum in India when both DittoTV (Zee) and Sony Liv were launched in the Indian market around 2013.

Following the initial push of Regional OTT platforms like Aha, Hoichoi, Sun NXT, Planet Marathi, Chaupal & MX Player. The Indian OTT industry saw rapid transformation with the entry of global OTT companies such as Netflix and Amazon Prime Video into the Indian market in 2016. Replacement of this competition with global enterprises caused local rivals to innovate in both region and hyper-regional content.[5]

Hotstar[edit | edit source]

Hotstar (now JioHotstar) is the most subscribed–to OTT platform in India, owned by JioStar as of February 2025, with around 500 million active users and over 650 million downloads.[6] According to Hotstar's India Watch Report 2018, 96% of watch time on Hotstar comes from videos longer than 20 minutes, while one–third of Hotstar subscribers watch television shows.[7] In 2019, Hotstar began investing ₹120 crore in generating original content such as "Hotstar Specials." 80% of the viewership on Hotstar comes from drama, movies and sports programs.[6] Hotstar has the exclusive streaming rights of IPL in India.[8]

Netflix[edit | edit source]

American streaming service Netflix entered India in January 2016. In April 2017, it was registered as a limited liability partnership (LLP) and started commissioning content. According to Morgan Stanley Research, Netflix had the highest average watch time of more than 120 minutes but viewer counts of around 20 million in July 2018.[7] As of 2018, Netflix has six million subscribers, of which 5–6% are paid members.[9]

India was not affected by Netflix's July 2018 increase in subscription rates for the US and Latin America. Netflix has stated its intent to invest ₹600 crore in the production of Indian original programming.[10] In late 2018, Netflix bought 150,000 square feet (14,000 m2) of office space in Bandra–Kurla Complex (BKC) in Mumbai as their head office. As of December 2018, Netflix has more than 40 employees in India.[11]

Other OTT providers[edit | edit source]

Sun NXT is an Indian video on demand service run by Sun TV Network. It was launched in June 2017, streaming in the Tamil language and six other languages. The platform has more than 4,000 Tamil movies and 200 Tamil shows, as well as regional movies and shows.[12][13] Sun NXT also streams a large library of its own Sun TV shows and movies.

Amazon Prime Video was launched in 2016. The platform has[when?] 2,300 titles available including 2,000 movies and about 400 shows. It has announced that it will invest ₹20 billion in creating original content in India. Besides English, Prime Video is available in six Indian languages as of December 2018.[14] Amazon India launched Amazon Prime Music in February 2018.[15]

Eros Now, an OTT platform launched by Eros International, has the most content among the OTT providers in India, including over 12,000 films, 100,000 music tracks and albums, and 100 TV shows.[citation needed] Eros Now was named the Best OTT Platform of the Year 2019 at the British Asian Media Awards.[when?] It has 211.5 million registered users and 36.2 million paying subscribers as of September 2020.[16]

In February 2020, Aha OTT platform was launched, broadcasting exclusively Telugu content.[17]

In 2021, Planet Marathi became the first OTT platform dedicated to Marathi content in India, including web-series, films, music, theater, fiction and non-fiction reality shows. It is available for both Android and iOS mobile devices along with Android TV and Amazon Fire TV devices. Bollywood actress Madhuri Dixit helped launch the platform.[18][19]

With rising interest for Korean dramas, Rakuten Viki saw its biggest jump of web traffic from India in 2020 due to the COVID-19 lockdown, which led to ad localization on the platform.[20][21][22]

The OTT market in fiscal year 2020 was estimated to be worth $1.7 billion.[23][24]

SonyLIV and ZEE5[edit | edit source]

In December 2021, Sony and Zee announced their merger, and announced plans to merge their OTT platforms.[25] The merger was called off.[26]

OTT services launched as Amazon Prime video channels[edit | edit source]

The list is by alphabetical order, not by rank or popularity.

Name Parent Active years Languages Notes/Ref.
Acorn TV AMC Global Media (83%)

RLJ Entertainment (17%)

2011–present English [27]
AMC+ AMC Global Media 2020–present English [27]
ShortsTV Shorts International (75%)

AMC Networks International (25%)

2006–present English [28]

Content regulation[edit | edit source]

Due to the absence of any rules and regulation regarding OTT content, many OTT providers were accused of showing nudity, vulgarity and obscenity and hurting Hindu religious sentiments in their shows.[29][30][31][32] Series which were the focus of controversy include Four More Shots Please!,[33] Tandav,[34] Paatal Lok,[35] Sacred Games,[36] Mirzapur[37] Lust stories franchise,[38] Rana Naidu.[39] Thank You for Coming,[40] and Annapoorani (2023).[41]

According to media reports, between 2018 and 2024, some OTT platforms emerged which started showing porn in the form of web series. Both the Supreme Court and Delhi High Court say that OTT regulation is necessary.[42][43][44][45]

OTT regulation[edit | edit source]

  • On 25 Feb 2021, Indian govt introduced self-regulation rules for OTT platforms to stop obscene content and abusive language.
  • On 19 March 2023, I&B minister Anurag Thakur said that self regulation does not mean that OTT should show obscenity and nudity.[46][47]
  • On 15 April 2023, I&B Secretary Apurva Chandra has said because of the government's soft-touch regulations on OTT industry have led to the creation of content that is undesirable and vulgar.[48]
  • On 26 April 2023, MIB India said that if nudity and obscenity is seen on any OTT platform, strict action will be taken against it.[49]
  • On 16 May 2023, Don't show obscene content, parliamentary panel told to Netflix and Amazon Prime Video.[50][51]
  • On 20 June 2023, the government told Netflix, Disney+ Hotstar and all other streaming services that their content should be independently reviewed for obscenity and violence before being shown online.[52]
  • On 27 June 2023, DPCGC took punitive action against Ullu for streaming obscene content and asked them to remove all their explicit shows or remove all adult scenes within 15 days.[53][54]
  • On 18 July 2023, Anarug Thakur said in a meeting with all OTT stakeholders that demeaning Indian culture will not be tolerated. OTT can't show vulgarity and nudity in the garb of 'creative expression'.The cited sources do not mention vulgarity - they say this was about demeaning Indian culture/society.[55][56]
  • On 22 August 2023, Indian government assured that it will bring rules and regulation to regulate vulgar and obscene content on social media and OTT platforms.[57][58]
  • On 10 November 2023, MIB India introduces the 'Broadcasting Service Regulation Bill', which included Programme code with Content Evaluation Committee(CEC) for every OTT platforms. Currently public consultation is ongoing till 15 January 2024.[59]
  • The draft bill mandates that all OTT streaming platforms can only broadcast those web series or content, which will be duly certified by Content Evaluation Committee(CEC).[60]
  • On 14 March 2024, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting banned over 18 OTT apps from Google play store and suspended all of their 57 social media accounts, as well as closed nineteen streaming websites. The banned platforms were MoodX, Prime Play, Hunters, Besharams, Rabbit movies, Voovi, Fugi, Mojflix, Chikooflix, Nuefliks, Xtramood, NeonX VIP, X Prime, Tri Flicks, Uncut Adda, Dreams Films, Hot Shots VIP, and Yessma.[61][62][63]
  • On 25 July 2025, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting banned from 25 OTT apps from Google play store and suspended all of their 40 social media accounts, as well as 26 closed streaming websites. The banned platforms were include ALTT, Ullu, Big Shots App, Desiflix, Boomex, NeonX VIP, Navarasa Lite, Gulab App, Kangan App, Bull App, ShowHit, Jalva App, Wow Entertainment, Look Entertainment, Hitprime, Fugi, Feneo, ShowX, Sol Talkies, Adda TV, HotX VIP, Hulchul App, MoodX, Triflicks, and Mojflix.[64][65]
  • On 24 February 2026, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting banned from 5 OTT apps from Google play store and suspended all of their 5 social media accounts, as well as 5 closed streaming websites. The banned platforms were include Feel App, Digi Movieplex, Jugnu App, MoodX VIP, and Koyal Playpro.[66]

Legal action[edit | edit source]

Currently OTT is regulated under the IT Rules 2021, which clearly stated that 'No content that is prohibited by law at the time being force can be Publishing or transmitted'. MIB has continuously taking action on OTT platform, who has violating the IT Act 67A, which prevent Publishing and transmitting obscene materials.[67]

Judicial opinion[edit | edit source]

Criticism[edit | edit source]

IAMAI again pledges self-regulation for OTT platforms. Content creators and producers in India, as mentioned in the report, already face many challenges, including the multiplicity of legislation and forums for filing complaints. The study paper by The Dialogue Internet and IAMAI found that these challenges lead to compliance uncertainties, self-censorship, and unwarranted economic burden. A private association of current affairs and news television broadcasters has expressed strong reservations against the Draft Broadcasting Services (Regulation) Bill, 2023, which it warned would have a "chilling effect" on the freedom of speech and expression, News Broadcasters & Digital Association (NBDA) said in a submission to the information and broadcasting ministry.[76][77][78][79]

List of OTT platforms in India[edit | edit source]

The list is by alphabetical order, not by rank or popularity.

Name Parent Active years Languages Notes/Ref.
Aao NXT Kaustav Dreamworks Pvt. Ltd. 2020–present Odia, Bengali, Hindi
Addatimes Surinder Films 2016–present Bengali, Odia, Hindi [80]
Aha Arha Media & Broadcasting Pvt. Ltd. 2020–present Telugu, Tamil [81]
Airtel XStream Bharti Airtel 2019–present Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Bengali, Gujarati, Punjabi, Odia, Assamese, Urdu
Amazon MX Player Amazon 2018–present Bhojpuri, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, Punjabi, Odia, Gujarati, English [82]
Amazon Prime Video Amazon 2016–present Marathi, English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, Odia, Punjabi, Gujarati [83][84]
Apple TV+ Apple Inc 2019–present English, Hindi [85]
Arre UDigital 2015–present Hindi, English [86]
Atrangii Atrangii 2022–present Hindi, Tamil, Telugu [87]
Bongo OTT Bongo India 2013-present Bengali
Chaupal Bosna Digital Pvt. Ltd. 2021–present Punjabi, Haryanvi, Bhojpuri [88]
CSpace Government of Kerala 2024–present Malayalam [89]
Dangal Play Enterr10 Television Pvt. Ltd. 2022–present Hindi, Bhojpuri, Bengali, Odia, Marathi
EORTV EORTV Media Pvt. Ltd. 2020-present Hindi, English, Marathi, Gujarati [90]
Epic On IN10 Media Pvt. Ltd. 2014-present Hindi, English, Bhojpuri, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, Punjabi, Haryanvi
Eros Now Eros International 2015–present Hindi, English, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Marathi, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, Punjabi, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Urdu Titled as 'Best OTT Platform of the Year 2019' at the British Asian Media Awards[91]
ETV Win ETV Network 2019–present English, Telugu [92]
Hayu NBCUniversal 2016–present English [93]
Hari Om Hari Om 2024–present Hindi Mythological and devotional content[94]
Hippiix App Hippiix 2020-present Bengali, Hindi
Hoichoi App Shree Venkatesh Films 2017–present Bengali, Hindi
Hungama Play Hungama Digital Media Entertainment 2015–present Bhojpuri, Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu [95]
JioHotstar JioStar 2015–present Hindi, English, Tamil, Marathi, Telugu, Malayalam, Bengali, Kannada, Odia India's most subscribed OTT platform[96][failed verification][97]
JioTV Jio Platforms 2016–present Assamese, Bengali, Bhojpuri, English, French, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu Only available for Jio Subscribers[98]
Kabla One Seven Colors Broadcasting Pvt. Ltd. 2025-present Punjabi, Haryanvi, Hindi, English
Kanccha Lanka Glass Dreamz Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. 2021–present Odia
Klikk Angel Television Pvt. Ltd. 2020–present Bengali, Bhojpuri, Hindi
Kutingg Balaji Telefilms 2025–present Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu, Arabic [99]
Lionsgate Play Lionsgate 2020–present English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Bengali, Kannada, Malayalam [100]
Mahua Play Lavitra Communications Pvt Ltd 2024-present Bhojpuri, Hindi, English
MaskTV App Weltretter Projects and Consultants Private Limited 2022-present Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam
Mastii App Mastii 2024-present Hindi, English
ManoramaMAX Malayala Manorama TV Ltd. 2019–present Malayalam Malayalam content[101]
Mubi Mubi Inc. 2019–present English, Hindi, Tamil, Marathi, Telugu, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada [102][103][104]
Netflix Netflix Inc. 2016–present English, Hindi, Tamil, Marathi, Telugu, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada [105]
NammaFlix NammaFlix 2020–present Kannada
Niri9 Niri Media Pvt. Ltd. 2020–present Hindi, Bengali, Assamese, Mishing, Bhojpuri
OneTheatre GTPL KCBPL 2025–present Bengali
Platform8 Channel Eight Virtual Estudios Ltd. 2021–present Bengali
Planet Marathi Planet Marathi 2021–present Marathi Marathi Content[106]
Prideplex Pride East Entertainments Pvt. Ltd. 2022–present Assamese, Hindi, English
PTC Play G Next Media Pvt. Ltd. 2019-present Punjabi, Bhojpuri, Hindi, English
Raj Digital TV App Raj Television Network 2022-present Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam
Ratri Flowing Water Films Pvt. Ltd. 2023–present Hindi, Telugu, Bengali
ReelDrama ReelDrama Production Pvt. Ltd. 2021–present Assamese
Saina Play Saina Infotainments 2019–present Malayalam, Tamil Malayalam content[107]
ShemarooMe Shemaroo Entertainment 2019–present Hindi, English, Marathi, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Gujarati, Punjabi, Bengali, Kannada, Urdu [108]
SonyLIV Culver Max Entertainment 2013–present Hindi, Telugu, English, Tamil, Marathi, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, Punjabi [109][110]
Stage App Stage Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2019-present Haryanvi, Rajasthani, Bhojpuri, Gujarati
Sun NXT Sun Group 2017–present Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Bengali, and Marathi
Tarang Plus Odisha Television Network 2019–present Odia
Tata Play Tata Group 2019–present Hindi, English, Bengali, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, and Telugu
Tentkotta Tentkotta 2014–present Tamil
TVFPlay Contagious Online Media Network Private Limited 2015–present Hindi, Tamil, Telugu [111]
Ultra Jhakaas Ultra Media & Entertainment 2023–present Marathi Marathi content[112]
Ultra Play OTT Ultra Media & Entertainment 2024–present Hindi Hindi content[113]
Ultra Gaane Ultra Media & Entertainment 2024–present Hindi Hindi content[114]
Veto App Veto Streaming Media Pvt. Ltd. 2025-present Hindi, English, Bhojpuri, Marathi, Malayalam, Punjabi, Tamil [115]
Viki Rakuten 2010–present English Web and mobile[116][117]
Vuclip PCCW 2008–present Hindi, Tamil, Telugu [118]
WaahPlay Waah Play Entertainment 2025-present Hindi, Punjabi
Waves Prasar Bharati 2024–present Hindi, English, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi
Watcho App Dish TV India Ltd. 2019-present Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Bengali, Gujarati, Punjabi, Odia, Assamese, Urdu
YuppTV YuppTV 2007–present Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Kannada [119]
ZEE5 Zee Entertainment Enterprises 2018–present Bhojpuri, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, Punjabi, Odia, Gujarati, English [120]

List of podcast platforms in India[edit | edit source]

Name Free access Selective streaming Lossless (Hi-Fi) Track download Tracks (millions) Active users (millions) Paying users (millions) First launched Login required
Amazon Music No Yes Yes Yes 50 (Unlimited), 2 (Prime Music) 16 Yes
Apple Music No Yes Yes Yes 60 60 60 June 2015 Yes
Gaana Yes Yes No Yes Yes
Hungama Yes Yes No Yes Yes
JioSaavn Yes Yes No Yes 30 20 Yes
SoundCloud Yes Yes Partial Limited 200+ 175 No
Spotify Yes Yes No Yes 50 289 130 October 2008 Yes
YouTube Music Yes Yes No Yes 50 November 2015 No

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Digital Media | Ministry of Information and Broadcasting". mib.gov.in. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  2. ↑ Dangwal, Sandhya (27 April 2017). "Reliance Entertainment launches BIGFLIX, India's first global multi-language HD movie platform". India.com. Archived from the original on 21 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  3. ↑ Choudhary, Arzoo Dina, Vidhi (10 February 2015). "Star unit wins Internet, mobile rights for IPL". mint. Archived from the original on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ↑ Vaidya, Jaideep (12 April 2017). "With the rise of OTT platforms, are more Indians watching the IPL on their phones than television?". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  5. ↑ Atul (3 February 2025). "8 Best Regional OTT Platforms In India (2025) | OTT Ratings". Retrieved 13 February 2025.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Laghate, Gaurav (15 January 2019). "Hotstar to invest Rs 120 crore in generating original content". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 21 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Video OTT revenue in India expected to reach Rs 13,800 crore by FY 2023 – Exchange4media". Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  8. ↑ Upadhyay, Harsh (25 September 2020). "Disney+Hotstar records 6 Mn installs in first 5 days of IPL". Entrackr. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  9. ↑ "Netflix is getting crushed in India, and it's all because of Amazon and Hotstar". Android Central. 2 February 2018. Archived from the original on 21 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  10. ↑ Bhattacharya, Ananya (16 January 2019). "Netflix hasn't increased prices in India probably because it can't afford to". Quartz India. Archived from the original on 21 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  11. ↑ Babar, Kailash; Laghate, Gaurav (28 December 2018). "Netflix leases space for India Headquarter in BKC". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  12. ↑ "SUN NXT Upcoming Tamil Movies List – OTT STOP". 15 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.[dead link]
  13. ↑ "Sun TV Networks launches multilingual digital platform". @businessline. 16 June 2017. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  14. ↑ "The rise and rise of India's online streaming services". The Week. Archived from the original on 21 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  15. ↑ "Amazon to launch Prime Video Channels in India – TelevisionPost". 23 January 2019. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  16. ↑ "Eros Now Reaches 36.2 million Paying Subscribers" (Press release). 18 November 2020. Archived from the original on 13 September 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  17. ↑ "Aha! A new OTT channel to watch out for". 11 February 2020. Archived from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  18. ↑ "Planet Marathi: Madhuri Dixit launches India's first Marathi OTT platform". english.jagran.com. September 2021. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  19. ↑ Laghate, Gaurav. "Marathi OTT service Planet Marathi outsources ad sales, subscriber monetisation to adds2OTT". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  20. ↑ Bhatt, Shephali. "How K-pop and Korean drama had their biggest breakthrough in India amid the pandemic". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  21. ↑ Mane, Anwaya (7 April 2021). "K Dramas dubbed in Hindi; Is it a boon or a bane?". Pinkvilla. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  22. ↑ "Top 10 Popular OTT Platforms in India". 7 June 2021. Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  23. ↑ "Indian OTT Market Valuation". livemint. 15 July 2021. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  24. ↑ Menon, Devadas (1 March 2022). "Purchase and continuation intentions of over -the -top (OTT) video streaming platform subscriptions: a uses and gratification theory perspective". Telematics and Informatics Reports. 5 100006. doi:10.1016/j.teler.2022.100006. ISSN 2772-5030. S2CID 247248868.
  25. ↑ Monnappa, Chandini (22 December 2021). "Sony, Zee lock India merger to create mega TV network". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  26. ↑ "Sony, Zee call off their merger". 31 January 2024.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Amazon Prime Video and AMC Networks collaborate to launch AMC+ and Acorn TV on Prime Video channels in India". Best Media Info. 27 June 2022. Archived from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  28. ↑ "ShortsTV and Amazon Announce Partnership to Launch ShortsTV on Amazon Prime Video Channels in India". 24 September 2021. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  29. ↑ "Attack on 'Ashram' set: Organization of Sadhus blames Bollywood for 'defaming' culture, hurting sentiments". India Tv. 28 October 2021. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  30. ↑ "ALTBalaji and other OTT platforms, websites booked for obscene content". The Free Press Journal. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  31. ↑ "Actor Gehana Vasisth latest to be arrested for role in porn movie racket". The Indian Express. 7 February 2021. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
  32. ↑ "Think beyond sex and abuse': Netflix, Amazon Prime, other OTT platforms stare at new challenge". businesstoday.in. 11 November 2020. Archived from the original on 30 October 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  33. ↑ "The women of Four More Shots Please 3 react to criticism that the show is 'all about sex'". The Indian Express. 20 October 2022. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  34. ↑ "Tandav' controversy: Two scenes changed after makers apologise". The News Minute. Archived from the original on 15 June 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  35. ↑ "Paatal Lok Web Series Controversies". Indianexpress. 26 May 2020. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  36. ↑ "Sacred Games series that Sparked Controversies". The Times of India.
  37. ↑ "HC quashes FIR against 'Mirzapur' web series producers". Indianexpress. 11 December 2021. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  38. ↑ Today, Telangana (30 June 2023). "Review: There is neither lust nor story in 'Lust Stories 2'". Telangana Today. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  39. ↑ "Nani on fans' objection to Venkatesh's cuss words in Rana Naidu: 'I am so glad he did something very shocking'". The Indian Express. 29 March 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
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