Rafi ud-Darajat: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Brief Mughal emperor in 1719}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{short description|Eleventh Mughal Emperor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{More references|date=January 2009}}
{{More references|date=January 2009}}
{{stack begin}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| name        = Rafi-ud-Darajat <br> رفیع الدین درجات
| name        = Rafi-ud-Darajat<br/> رفیع الدرجات
| title        = [[Padishah]] <br> [[Imperial and royal titles of the Mughal emperors|Al-Sultan Al-Azam]]
| title        = [[Padishah]]<br />[[Imperial and royal titles of the Mughal emperors|Al-Sultan Al-Azam]]
| image        = Rafi ud-Darajat of India (cropped).jpg
| image        = Rafi-ud-darjat.jpg
| image_size  =  
| image_size  =  
| succession  = 11th [[Mughal Emperor]]
| caption      = Portrait of Rafi ud-Darajat
| succession  = [[Mughal Emperor]]
| reign        = 28 February – 6 June 1719
| reign        = 28 February – 6 June 1719
| coronation  =  
| coronation  =  
Line 17: Line 17:
| issue        =  
| issue        =  
| full name    = Mirza Abu'l Barakat Shams-ud-Din Muhammad Rafi ud-Darajat Padshah Ghazi Shahanshah-i-Bahr-u-Bar
| full name    = Mirza Abu'l Barakat Shams-ud-Din Muhammad Rafi ud-Darajat Padshah Ghazi Shahanshah-i-Bahr-u-Bar
| house        = [[Mughal dynasty|House of Babur]]
| house        = [[Mughal dynasty]]
| father      = [[Rafi-ush-Shan]]
| father      = [[Rafi-ush-Shan]]
| mother      = Nur-un-Nisa Begum
| mother      = Nur-un-Nisa Begum
Line 23: Line 23:
| birth_place  = [[Mughal Empire]]
| birth_place  = [[Mughal Empire]]
| death_date  = {{death date and age|df=yes|1719|06|06|1699|12|1}}
| death_date  = {{death date and age|df=yes|1719|06|06|1699|12|1}}
| death_place  = [[Agra]], [[Mughal Empire]]
| death_place  = [[Agra]], Mughal Empire
| place of burial = Mausoleum of Khwaja Qutbuddin Kaki, [[Delhi]]
| burial_place = Mausoleum of Khwaja Qutbuddin Kaki, [[Delhi]], India
| religion    = [[Sunni Islam]] {{small|([[Hanafi]])}}
| religion    = [[Sunni Islam]] {{small|([[Hanafi]])}}
| dynasty      = [[File:Timurid.svg|25px]] [[Timurid dynasty]]|
| dynasty      = [[Timurid dynasty]]
}}
}}
{{Mughal}}
{{Mughal}}
{{stack end}}
'''Mirza Rafi ud-Darajat''' ([[Persian language|Persian]]: میرزا رفیع الدین درجات) ({{IPA-fa|rafi ʊdard͡ʒɑːt}}); 1 December 1699 – 6 June 1719), the youngest son of [[Rafi-ush-Shan]] and the nephew of [[Azim-ush-Shan]] and a grandson of [[Bahadur Shah I]], was the eleventh [[Mughal Emperor]].


He was placed on the throne by the [[Sayyid brothers]] after they deposed, blinded, imprisoned and executed emperor [[Farrukhsiyar]] with the help of [[Ajit Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Ajit Singh]] and the Marathas in 1719.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rz16lub2uRgC |title=Mohammad Yasin |date=1958 |publisher=Upper India Publishing House |page=18}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Krishna S. Dhir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jVx6EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA120 |title=The Wonder That Is Urdu |date=2022 |isbn=9788120843011 |page=120}}</ref>
'''Mirza Rafi ud-Darajat''' ({{langx|fa|رفیع الدرجات|rtl=yes}}, {{IPA|fa|ɾa.fiːʔ.ud.da.ɾa.ˈd͡ʒɑːt}}); 1 December 1699 – 6 June 1719) was briefly the Eleventh [[Mughal emperors|Mughal emperor]]. He was the youngest son of [[Rafi-ush-Shan]], the nephew of [[Azim-ush-Shan]] and a grandson of [[Bahadur Shah I]].
 
He was placed on the throne by the [[Sayyid brothers]] after they deposed, blinded, imprisoned and executed emperor [[Farrukhsiyar]] with the help of [[Ajit Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Ajit Singh]] and the Marathas in 1719.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rz16lub2uRgC |title=Mohammad Yasin |date=1958 |publisher=Upper India Publishing House |page=18}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Krishna S. Dhir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jVx6EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA120 |title=The Wonder That Is Urdu |date=2022 |isbn=9788120843011 |page=120| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass }}</ref>


==Reign==
==Reign==
[[File:Mogul- Rafi-ud-Darjat - Münzkabinett, Berlin - 5548781.jpg|thumb|Coin of Rafi-ud-Darjat|left]]
[[File:Mogul- Rafi-ud-Darjat - Münzkabinett, Berlin - 5548781.jpg|thumb|Coin of Rafi-ud-Darjat|left]]
=== Syed Brothers===
=== Sayyid Brothers===
Rafi ud-Darajat owed his throne to the Sayyid brothers - [[Sayyid Hassan Ali Khan Barha]] and [[Sayyid Hussain Ali Khan Barha]] - who had deposed emperor Farrukhsiyar with the help of Ajit Singh and the Marathas in 1719 and made themselves ''badishahgar'' (kingmakers). His short reign would be as a [[puppet ruler]] to the brothers.  
Rafi ud-Darajat owed his throne to the Sayyid brothers - [[Sayyid Hassan Ali Khan Barha]] and [[Sayyid Hussain Ali Khan Barha]] - who had deposed emperor Farrukhsiyar with the help of [[Ajit Singh of Marwar]] and [[Balaji Vishwanath]] in 1719 and made themselves ''badishahgar'' (kingmakers). His short reign would be as a [[puppet ruler]] to the brothers.
 
=== Marathas ===
Having been helped by the Marathas in his accession,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rz16lub2uRgC |title=Mohammad Yasin |date=1958 |publisher=Upper India Publishing House |page=18}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Krishna S. Dhir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jVx6EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA120 |title=The Wonder That Is Urdu |date=2022 |isbn=9788120843011 |page=120| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass }}</ref> Rafi ud-Darajat returned the favour by granting [[Chauth]] and [[Sardeshmukhi]] rights in 6 Mughal provinces to them.<ref name="Mehta 492-494">{{cite book|last=Mehta|first=Jaswant Lal|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: 1707 - 1813|year=2005|publisher=New Dawn Press|location=New Delhi|pages=492–494|isbn=9781932705546|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&q=chauth+and+sardeshmukhi&pg=PA492}}</ref> The condition was that these would be collected by Mughal officials and handed to the Marathas.<ref name="Mehta 492-494">{{cite book|last=Mehta|first=Jaswant Lal|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: 1707 - 1813|year=2005|publisher=New Dawn Press|location=New Delhi|pages=492–494|isbn=9781932705546|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&q=chauth+and+sardeshmukhi&pg=PA492}}</ref>


===Rival claim to throne===
===Rival claim to throne===
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==Death and succession==
==Death and succession==
Before dying, Rafi ud-Darajat had requested that his older brother [[Rafi ud-Daulah]] be enthroned. Rafi ud-Darajat died on 6 June 1719, either of [[tuberculosis]] or was murderered, serving as emperor for three months and six days. He was succeeded by Rafi ud-Daulah as emperor '''Shah Jahan II''' two days later. His remains were interred near the shrine of Sufi saint Khawaja [[Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki]] at [[Mehrauli]] in [[Delhi]].
Before dying, Rafi ud-Darajat had requested that his older brother [[Rafi ud-Daulah]] be enthroned. Rafi ud-Darajat died on 6 June 1719, either of [[tuberculosis]] or was murdered, serving as emperor for three months and six days. He was succeeded by Rafi ud-Daulah as emperor '''Shah Jahan II''' two days later. His remains were interred near the shrine of Sufi saint Khawaja [[Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki]] at [[Mehrauli]] in [[Delhi]].


==Ancestry==
==Ancestry==
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==External links==
==External links==
 
{{Commons category|Rafi ud-Darajat}}
*[http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/misc/mughal.html Mughal dynasty genealogy]
*[http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/misc/mughal.html Mughal dynasty genealogy]
{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Rafi ud-Darajat}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rafi ud-Darajat}}
[[Category:Mughal emperors]]
[[Category:Emperors of the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:1719 deaths|Darajat, Rafi ud]]
[[Category:1719 deaths|Darajat, Rafi ud]]
[[Category:1699 births]]
[[Category:1699 births]]
[[Category:18th-century Mughal Empire people]]

Latest revision as of 12:37, 4 March 2026


Rafi-ud-Darajat
رفیع الدرجات
Padishah
Al-Sultan Al-Azam
Portrait of Rafi ud-Darajat
Mughal Emperor
Reign28 February – 6 June 1719
PredecessorFarrukhsiyar
SuccessorShah Jahan II
Born(1699-12-01)1 December 1699
Mughal Empire
Died6 June 1719(1719-06-06) (aged 19)
Agra, Mughal Empire
Burial
Mausoleum of Khwaja Qutbuddin Kaki, Delhi, India
SpouseInayat Banu Begum
Names
Mirza Abu'l Barakat Shams-ud-Din Muhammad Rafi ud-Darajat Padshah Ghazi Shahanshah-i-Bahr-u-Bar
HouseMughal dynasty
DynastyTimurid dynasty
FatherRafi-ush-Shan
MotherNur-un-Nisa Begum
ReligionSunni Islam (Hanafi)
Mughal emperors
Babur 1526–1530
Humayun (first reign) 1530–1540
Humayun (second reign) 1555–1556
Akbar 1556–1605
Jahangir 1605–1627
Shahryar Mirza (de facto) 1627–1628
Shah Jahan 1628–1658
Alamgir I (Aurangzeb) 1658–1707
Muhammad Azam Shah 1707
Bahadur Shah I 1707–1712
Jahandar Shah 1712–1713
Farrukhsiyar 1713–1719
Rafi ud-Darajat 1719
Shah Jahan II 1719
Muhammad Shah 1719–1748
Ahmad Shah Bahadur 1748–1754
Alamgir II 1754–1759
Shah Jahan III 1759–1760
Shah Alam II (first reign) 1760–1788
Jahan Shah IV 1788
Shah Alam II (second reign) 1788–1806
Akbar II 1806–1837
Bahadur Shah II 1837–1857

Mirza Rafi ud-Darajat (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., fa); 1 December 1699 – 6 June 1719) was briefly the Eleventh Mughal emperor. He was the youngest son of Rafi-ush-Shan, the nephew of Azim-ush-Shan and a grandson of Bahadur Shah I.

He was placed on the throne by the Sayyid brothers after they deposed, blinded, imprisoned and executed emperor Farrukhsiyar with the help of Maharaja Ajit Singh and the Marathas in 1719.[1][2]

Reign[edit | edit source]

Coin of Rafi-ud-Darjat

Sayyid Brothers[edit | edit source]

Rafi ud-Darajat owed his throne to the Sayyid brothers - Sayyid Hassan Ali Khan Barha and Sayyid Hussain Ali Khan Barha - who had deposed emperor Farrukhsiyar with the help of Ajit Singh of Marwar and Balaji Vishwanath in 1719 and made themselves badishahgar (kingmakers). His short reign would be as a puppet ruler to the brothers.

Marathas[edit | edit source]

Having been helped by the Marathas in his accession,[3][4] Rafi ud-Darajat returned the favour by granting Chauth and Sardeshmukhi rights in 6 Mughal provinces to them.[5] The condition was that these would be collected by Mughal officials and handed to the Marathas.[5]

Rival claim to throne[edit | edit source]

The reign of Rafi ud-Darajat was one of turbulence. On 18 May 1719, less than three months after his own accession, Rafi ud-Darajat's uncle, Nekusiyar, assumed the Mughal throne at the Agra Fort as he thought he was more eligible for the post.

The Sayyid brothers determined to defend the emperor they had raised to the throne and punish the offender retook the fort within three months and captured Nekusiyar. He would be respectfully received by the Amir ul-Umara and confined at the Salimgarh Fort where he died in 1723.

Death and succession[edit | edit source]

Before dying, Rafi ud-Darajat had requested that his older brother Rafi ud-Daulah be enthroned. Rafi ud-Darajat died on 6 June 1719, either of tuberculosis or was murdered, serving as emperor for three months and six days. He was succeeded by Rafi ud-Daulah as emperor Shah Jahan II two days later. His remains were interred near the shrine of Sufi saint Khawaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki at Mehrauli in Delhi.

Ancestry[edit | edit source]

Ancestors of Rafi ud-Darajat
8. Muhi-ud-din Muhammad Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor
4. Qutb-ud-din Muhammad Bahadur Shah I, Mughal Emperor
9. Nawab Bai
2. Rafi-ush-Shan
10. Mirza Sanjar
5. Nur-un-Nissa Begum
11. Zinat-i-Alam Begum
1. Rafi ud-Darajat
6. Shaikh Baqi
3.Nur-un-Nissa Begum

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Mohammad Yasin. Upper India Publishing House. 1958. p. 18.
  2. ↑ Krishna S. Dhir (2022). The Wonder That Is Urdu. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 120. ISBN 9788120843011.
  3. ↑ Mohammad Yasin. Upper India Publishing House. 1958. p. 18.
  4. ↑ Krishna S. Dhir (2022). The Wonder That Is Urdu. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 120. ISBN 9788120843011.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Mehta, Jaswant Lal (2005). Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: 1707 - 1813. New Delhi: New Dawn Press. pp. 492–494. ISBN 9781932705546.

External links[edit | edit source]

Rafi ud-Darajat
Preceded by
Furrukhsiyar 		Mughal Emperor
1719 		Succeeded by
Shah Jahan II
Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rafi_ud-Darajat&oldid=466645"
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