Tetragnatha

Tetragnatha Temporal range: Template:Fossil range
female T. extensa
Scientific classification
:	[[Template:Taxonomy/Tetragnatha]] Latreille, 1804
Type species
T. extensa (Linnaeus, 1758)
> 300, see text

Tetragnatha is a genus of long-jawed orb-weavers found all over the world. It was first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804, and contains hundreds of species. Most occur in the tropics and subtropics, and many can run over water. They are commonly called stretch spiders in reference to their elongated body form and their ability to hide on blades of grass or similar elongated substrates by stretching their front legs forward and the others behind them.

Distribution

Species in this genus are found worldwide, including Greenland.

Habitat and ecology

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Pair of silver long-jawed orb weaver spiders

Tetragnatha species occupy the tall herb and tree layer. They construct orb webs, usually in vegetation near or above streams and ponds. Several studies have reported that they build their webs near slow-flowing streams in sunlit areas. Without access to a humid habitat, these spiders suffer from dehydration. The webs are short-lived, being taken down and digested daily or even more frequently. Webs are usually horizontally inclined and consist of an open hub with 30 to 40 viscid spirals. The spider hangs underneath the central hub of the web with its long front legs directed forward.

These spiders are capable of walking over water surfaces at a very fast pace, with legs I and II moving alternately in a diagonal rhythm while legs III and IV are dragged behind. When at rest on vegetation, the body is pressed against the substrate with the long front legs stretched forward.

One of the biggest and most common species is T. extensa, which has a holarctic distribution. It can be found near lakes, river banks or swamps. Large numbers of individuals can often be found in reeds, tall grass, and around minor trees and shrubs.

Cursorial species found on Hawaiian archipelago

Evolution to cursorial behavior occurred long ago in a few different species, the most studied being those found on the Hawaiian islands.

The Tetragnatha spiders found on the Hawaiian archipelago are believed to have no more than three colonization events, two from web building species and one from cursorial species. This is because a species of mainland Tetragnatha spider was found to be more closely related to web building spiders on the Hawaiian islands than the cursorial species. This means that the divergence of web building and cursorial spiders must have occurred off the islands. There have been many events of cursorial evolution in various spider species around the world, including a few Tetragnatha species, although many species have not been thoroughly studied. The factors leading to this change of behavior is not well understood, although study of the Hawaiian Tetragnatha species can lead to some suggestions. Environmental factors, such as landscape and prey diversity play an important role in influencing the structure of webs in web building spiders. This could be a reasonable explanation for the loss of web function and evolving to a cursorial behavior.

Morphology

Eye arrangement of Tetragnatha

The general coloration ranges from fawn to dull brown or grey with silvery markings. The carapace is longer than wide, and the sternum is longer than wide with a pointed posterior end. Eight eyes are arranged in two rows, with lateral eyes slightly apart.

The chelicerae are notably variable, being long and well developed, featuring rows of large teeth and strong projecting spurs that are markedly elongated in males. The endites are parallel. The legs bear three claws and are long and slender, with or without spines.

The abdomen is elongated and cylindrical in some species, extending posteriorly beyond the spinnerets. The spinnerets are unmodified, with anterior and posterior pairs similar in size.

In females, the epigyne has genital openings located at the posterior end of the procurved epigastric furrow, with the genital plate not sclerotized. Males possess a separate and movable paracymbium with a coiled embolus and conductor at the distal tip.

Species distinction

Tetragnatha species are hard to separate from each other without a microscope to scrutinize the genitalia of a mature individual. Hawaiian Tetragnatha appear to distinguish each other via highly specific chemical compounds in their silk. These chemical differences are especially prominent amongst sympatric and closely related species. This may constitute a form of chemical species recognition.

Name

The name Tetragnatha is derived from Greek, tetra- a numerical prefix referring to four and gnatha meaning jaw.

Species

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  Tetragnatha sp.
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  resting on Impatiens
• 
  mating
• 

As of October 2025, this genus includes 309 species and nine subspecies.

Species with articles on Wikipedia:

• Tetragnatha armata Karsch, 1892 – Sri Lanka
• Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865 – Mexico to Paraguay, Caribbean. Introduced to Spain, Italy (Sardinia), Africa, Seychelles, Yemen, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, China
• Tetragnatha caffra (Strand, 1909) – South Africa
• Tetragnatha caudata Emerton, 1884 – North, Central America, Cuba, Jamaica, Uruguay, Argentina
• Tetragnatha ceylonica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 – Mozambique, South Africa, Seychelles, India, Thailand, Philippines, New Guinea, Japan (Ryukyu Is.)
• Tetragnatha demissa L. Koch, 1872 – Australia. Introduced to Cyprus, Tanzania, South Africa, Seychelles, Tonga
• Tetragnatha determinata Karsch, 1892 – Sri Lanka
• Tetragnatha elongata Walckenaer, 1841 – Canada to Argentina, Caribbean
• Tetragnatha extensa (Linnaeus, 1758) – North America, Greenland, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iraq, Iran, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan (type species)
• Tetragnatha flavida Urquhart, 1891 – New Zealand
• Tetragnatha foveata Karsch, 1892 – Sri Lanka, Laccadive Is. Maldive Is.
• Tetragnatha geniculata Karsch, 1892 – India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
• Tetragnatha guatemalensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – North and Central America, Cuba, Jamaica, Brazil, Paraguay
• Tetragnatha hasselti Thorell, 1890 – India to China, Indonesia (Sulawesi)
• Tetragnatha isidis (Simon, 1880) – Southern Europe, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, Uganda, South Africa, Iran, India
• Tetragnatha jaculator Tullgren, 1910 – Africa to China and India, New Guinea (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea). Introduced to the Caribbean and South America
• Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890 – Central America, Caribbean, Brazil, Africa, Korea, China, India to Philippines, New Hebrides, Polynesia
• Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz, 1850 – Alaska to Chile, Argentina, Falkland Is.
• Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer, 1841 – Central America, Caribbean, Colombia, Guyana, Brazil, West Africa, India to Philippines, Australia
• Tetragnatha montana Simon, 1874 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia
• Tetragnatha multipunctata Urquhart, 1891 – New Zealand
• Tetragnatha nigricans Dalmas, 1917 – New Zealand
• Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826) – Tropical and subtropical Asia. Introduced to Americas, Macaronesia, Mediterranean, St. Helena, South Africa, Madagascar, Pacific Is. New Zealand
• Tetragnatha pallescens F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903 – North, Central America, Caribbean
• Tetragnatha planata Karsch, 1892 – Sri Lanka
• Tetragnatha praedonia L. Koch, 1878 – Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan, Laos
• Tetragnatha squamata Karsch, 1879 – India, China, Taiwan, Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan
• Tetragnatha straminea Emerton, 1884 – Canada, United States, Cuba
• Tetragnatha subsquamata Okuma, 1985 – Tanzania, South Africa
• Tetragnatha taylori O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891 – South Africa
• Tetragnatha tenera Thorell, 1881 – Sri Lanka, Australia (Queensland)
• Tetragnatha torrensis Schmidt & Piepho, 1994 – Cape Verde
• Tetragnatha unicornis Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania, Botswana, South Africa
• Tetragnatha vermiformis Emerton, 1884 – Temperate and tropical Asia. Introduced to North and Central America, Brazil, South Africa
• Tetragnatha versicolor Walckenaer, 1841 – North, Central America, Cuba
• Tetragnatha virescens Okuma, 1979 – Bangladesh, Sri Lanka to Indonesia, Philippines
• Tetragnatha viridis Walckenaer, 1841 – Canada, United States
• Tetragnatha yesoensis Saito, 1934 – Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan

List of all described species

Tetragnatha acuta Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii Tetragnatha aenea Cantor, 1842 – China Tetragnatha aetherea (Simon, 1895) – Venezuela Tetragnatha albida Gillespie, 1994 – Hawaii Tetragnatha amazonica Castanheira, Baptista & Oliveira, 2022 – Venezuela Tetragnatha amoena Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea Tetragnatha anamitica Walckenaer, 1841 – Vietnam Tetragnatha andamanensis Tikader, 1977 – India (Andaman Is.), Bangladesh Tetragnatha andonea Lawrence, 1927 – Namibia Tetragnatha angolaensis Okuma & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1988 – Angola Tetragnatha anguilla Thorell, 1877 – Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi), New Guinea, Australia Tetragnatha angulata Hogg, 1914 – Australia (Western Australia) Tetragnatha anuenue Gillespie, 2002 – Hawaii Tetragnatha argentinensis Mello-Leitão, 1931 – Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina Tetragnatha armata Karsch, 1892 – Sri Lanka Tetragnatha atriceps Banks, 1898 – Mexico Tetragnatha atristernis Strand, 1913 – Central Africa Tetragnatha baculiferens Hingston, 1927 – Myanmar Tetragnatha beccarii Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana Tetragnatha bengalensis Walckenaer, 1841 – India Tetragnatha bicolor White, 1841 – Australia (Tasmania) Tetragnatha bifurcata Li & Liu, 2022 – China Tetragnatha bimaculata Li & Liu, 2022 – China Tetragnatha biseriata Thorell, 1881 – New Guinea (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea), Australia (Queensland) Tetragnatha bituberculata L. Koch, 1867 – Japan, New Guinea, Australia Tetragnatha boeleni Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865 – Mexico to Paraguay, Caribbean. Introduced to Spain, Italy (Sardinia), Africa, Seychelles, Yemen, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, China Tetragnatha boninensis Okuma, 1981 – Japan Tetragnatha brachychelis Caporiacco, 1947 – Tanzania, Kenya Tetragnatha branda Levi, 1981 – United States Tetragnatha brevignatha Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii Tetragnatha bryantae Roewer, 1951 – Puerto Rico Tetragnatha caffra (Strand, 1909) – South Africa Tetragnatha cambridgei Roewer, 1942 – Mexico, Central America, Puerto Rico Tetragnatha caudata Emerton, 1884 – North, Central America, Cuba, Jamaica, Uruguay, Argentina Tetragnatha caudicula (Karsch, 1879) – Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Mexico Tetragnatha caudifera (Keyserling, 1887) – Australia (New South Wales) Tetragnatha cavaleriei Schenkel, 1963 – China Tetragnatha cephalothoracis Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia Tetragnatha ceylonica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 – Mozambique, South Africa, Seychelles, India, Thailand, Philippines, New Guinea, Japan (Ryukyu Is.) Tetragnatha chauliodus (Thorell, 1890) – China, Japan, Myanmar to Papua New Guinea, Brazil (introduced?) Tetragnatha cheni Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China Tetragnatha chinensis (Chamberlin, 1924) – China Tetragnatha chiyokoae Castanheira & Baptista, 2020 – China, Taiwan, Japan Tetragnatha cladognatha Bertkau, 1880 – Brazil, Argentina Tetragnatha clavigera Simon, 1887 – Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, DR Congo Tetragnatha cochinensis Gravely, 1921 – India Tetragnatha coelestis Pocock, 1901 – India Tetragnatha cognata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – Guatemala to Panama Tetragnatha conica Grube, 1861 – Russia (Far East) Tetragnatha corsica Simon, 1929 – France (Corsica) Tetragnatha crassichelata Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea Tetragnatha cristata Castanheira, Baptista & Oliveira, 2022 – Brazil, Argentina Tetragnatha cuneiventris Simon, 1900 – Hawaii Tetragnatha cylindracea (Keyserling, 1887) – Australia (Queensland, New South Wales) Tetragnatha cylindrica Walckenaer, 1841 – New Guinea, Australia, Fiji Tetragnatha cylindriformis Lawrence, 1952 – Congo Tetragnatha dearmata Thorell, 1873 – North America, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East) Tetragnatha delumbis Thorell, 1891 – India (Nicobar Is.) Tetragnatha demissa L. Koch, 1872 – Australia. Introduced to Cyprus, Tanzania, South Africa, Seychelles, Tonga Tetragnatha dentatidens Simon, 1907 – Sierra Leone, Congo Tetragnatha desaguni Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines Tetragnatha determinata Karsch, 1892 – Sri Lanka Tetragnatha didorata Castanheira, Baptista & Oliveira, 2022 – Brazil Tetragnatha digitata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 – Mexico, Costa Rica Tetragnatha earmra Levi, 1981 – United States, Antigua, Martinique Tetragnatha eberhardi Okuma, 1992 – Panama Tetragnatha elongata Walckenaer, 1841 – Canada to Argentina, Caribbean T. e. debilis Thorell, 1877 – United States T. e. principalis Thorell, 1877 – United States T. e. undulata Thorell, 1877 – United States Tetragnatha elyunquensis Petrunkevitch, 1930 – Jamaica, Puerto Rico Tetragnatha esakii Okuma, 1988 – Taiwan Tetragnatha eumorpha Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea Tetragnatha eurychasma Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii Tetragnatha exigua Chickering, 1957 – Jamaica Tetragnatha exquista Saito, 1933 – Japan Tetragnatha extensa (Linnaeus, 1758) – North America, Greenland, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iraq, Iran, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan (type species) T. e. brachygnatha Thorell, 1873 – Sweden, Russia (Kamchatka) T. e. maracandica Charitonov, 1951 – Iran, Central Asia T. e. pulchra Kulczyński, 1891 – Hungary Tetragnatha fallax Thorell, 1881 – Indonesia Tetragnatha farri Chickering, 1962 – Jamaica Tetragnatha filiciphilia Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii Tetragnatha filipes Schenkel, 1936 – China Tetragnatha filum Simon, 1907 – Congo, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), São Tomé and Príncipe Tetragnatha flagellans van Hasselt, 1882 – Indonesia (Sumatra) Tetragnatha flava (Audouin, 1826) – Egypt Tetragnatha flavida Urquhart, 1891 – New Zealand Tetragnatha fletcheri Gravely, 1921 – India, Bangladesh Tetragnatha foai Simon, 1902 – Central, East Africa Tetragnatha foliferens Hingston, 1927 – India (Nicobar Is.) Tetragnatha foveata Karsch, 1892 – Sri Lanka, Laccadive Is. Maldive Is. Tetragnatha fragilis Chickering, 1957 – Panama Tetragnatha franganilloi Brignoli, 1983 – Cuba Tetragnatha friedericii Strand, 1913 – New Guinea Tetragnatha gemmata L. Koch, 1872 – Australia (Queensland) Tetragnatha geniculata Karsch, 1892 – India, Sri Lanka, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam Tetragnatha gertschi Chickering, 1957 – Panama Tetragnatha gibbula Roewer, 1942 – French Guiana Tetragnatha gongshan Zhao & Peng, 2010 – China Tetragnatha gracillima (Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Sumatra) Tetragnatha granti Pocock, 1903 – Yemen (Socotra) Tetragnatha gressitti Okuma, 1988 – Borneo Tetragnatha gressittorum Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea Tetragnatha guatemalensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – North and Central America, Cuba, Jamaica, Brazil, Paraguay Tetragnatha gui Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China (Hainan) Tetragnatha hamata Thorell, 1898 – Myanmar Tetragnatha hasselti Thorell, 1890 – India to China, Indonesia (Sulawesi) T. h. birmanica Sherriffs, 1919 – Myanmar Tetragnatha hastula Simon, 1907 – Sierra Leone, Gabon, São Tomé and Príncipe Tetragnatha hawaiensis Simon, 1900 – Hawaii Tetragnatha heongi Barrion & Barrion-Dupo, 2011 – China Tetragnatha hirashimai Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea Tetragnatha hiroshii Okuma, 1988 – Taiwan Tetragnatha hulli Caporiacco, 1955 – Venezuela Tetragnatha insularis Okuma, 1987 – Australia (Lord Howe Is.) Tetragnatha insulicola Okuma, 1987 – Australia (Lord Howe Is.) Tetragnatha intermedia Kulczyński, 1891 – Madeira, Portugal to Turkey Tetragnatha iriomotensis Okuma, 1991 – Japan (Okinawa) Tetragnatha irridescens Stoliczka, 1869 – India Tetragnatha isidis (Simon, 1880) – Southern Europe, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, Uganda, South Africa, Iran, India Tetragnatha iwahigensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines Tetragnatha jaculator Tullgren, 1910 – Africa to China and India, New Guinea (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea). Introduced to the Caribbean and South America Tetragnatha javana (Thorell, 1890) – Africa, Asia Tetragnatha jejuna (Thorell, 1897) – Myanmar Tetragnatha josephi Okuma, 1988 – India, Malaysia, Singapore Tetragnatha jubensis Pavesi, 1895 – Ethiopia Tetragnatha kamakou Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii Tetragnatha kapua Gillespie, 2003 – Marquesas Is. Tetragnatha kauaiensis Simon, 1900 – Hawaii Tetragnatha kea Gillespie, 1994 – Hawaii Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890 – Central America, Caribbean, Brazil, Africa, Korea, China, India to Philippines, New Hebrides, Polynesia Tetragnatha khanjahani Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1996 – Bangladesh Tetragnatha kikokiko Gillespie, 2002 – Hawaii Tetragnatha kiwuana Strand, 1913 – Central Africa Tetragnatha klossi Hogg, 1919 – Indonesia (Sumatra) Tetragnatha kolosvaryi Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya Tetragnatha kukuhaa Gillespie, 2002 – Hawaii Tetragnatha kukuiki Gillespie, 2002 – Hawaii Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz, 1850 – Alaska to Chile, Argentina, Falkland Is. Tetragnatha laminalis Strand, 1907 – East Africa Tetragnatha lancinans Kulczyński, 1911 – New Guinea Tetragnatha laqueata L. Koch, 1872 – Korea, Japan, (Ogasawara Is.) Tetragnatha latro Tullgren, 1910 – East Africa Tetragnatha lauta Yaginuma, 1959 – India, China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Laos Tetragnatha lea Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – Russia (Far East), Japan, Korea? Tetragnatha lena Gillespie, 2003 – Hawaii Tetragnatha lepida Rainbow, 1916 – Australia (Queensland) Tetragnatha levii Okuma, 1992 – Mexico Tetragnatha limu Gillespie, 2003 – Hawaii Tetragnatha lineatula Roewer, 1942 – Malaysia Tetragnatha linyphioides Karsch, 1878 – Mozambique Tetragnatha llavaca Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines Tetragnatha luculenta Simon, 1907 – Guinea-Bissau Tetragnatha luteocincta Simon, 1908 – Australia (Western Australia) Tetragnatha mabelae Chickering, 1957 – Panama, Trinidad Tetragnatha macilenta L. Koch, 1872 – Australia, (Norfolk Is.) to French Polynesia (Society Is.) Tetragnatha macracantha Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii Tetragnatha macrops Simon, 1907 – São Tomé and Príncipe Tetragnatha maculata Blackwall, 1865 – Cape Verde Tetragnatha maeandrata Simon, 1908 – Australia (Western Australia) Tetragnatha maka Gillespie, 1994 – Hawaii Tetragnatha makiharai Okuma, 1977 – Russia (Far East), Japan (mainland, Ryukyu Is.) Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer, 1841 – Central America, Caribbean, Colombia, Guyana, Brazil, West Africa, India to Philippines, Australia Tetragnatha maralba Roberts, 1983 – Seychelles (Aldabra) Tetragnatha margaritata L. Koch, 1872 – Australia (Queensland) Tetragnatha marginata (Thorell, 1890) – Myanmar to New Caledonia Tetragnatha marquesiana Berland, 1935 – Marquesas Is. Tetragnatha martinicensis Dierkens, 2011 – Martinique Tetragnatha mawambina Strand, 1913 – Central Africa Tetragnatha megalocera Castanheira & Baptista, 2020 – Brazil Tetragnatha mengsongica Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China Tetragnatha mertoni Strand, 1911 – Indonesia (Aru Is.) Tetragnatha mexicana Keyserling, 1865 – Mexico to Panama Tetragnatha micrura Kulczyński, 1911 – New Guinea, Solomon Islands Tetragnatha minitabunda O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 – Syria, Lebanon, Israel Tetragnatha modica Kulczyński, 1911 – New Guinea Tetragnatha mohihi Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii Tetragnatha montana Simon, 1874 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia T. m. timorensis Schenkel, 1944 – Timor Tetragnatha monticola Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea Tetragnatha moua Gillespie, 2003 – Tahiti Tetragnatha moulmeinensis Gravely, 1921 – Myanmar Tetragnatha multipunctata Urquhart, 1891 – New Zealand Tetragnatha nana Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea Tetragnatha nandan Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China Tetragnatha nepaeformis Doleschall, 1859 – Indonesia (Java) Tetragnatha nero Butler, 1876 – Mauritius (Rodriguez) Tetragnatha netrix Simon, 1900 – Hawaii Tetragnatha nigricans Dalmas, 1917 – New Zealand Tetragnatha nigrigularis Simon, 1898 – Seychelles Tetragnatha nigrita Lendl, 1886 – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia, China, Japan Tetragnatha niokolona Roewer, 1961 – Senegal Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826) – Tropical and subtropical Asia. Introduced to Americas, Macaronesia, Mediterranean, St. Helena, South Africa, Madagascar, Pacific Is. New Zealand Tetragnatha nitidiuscula Simon, 1907 – West Africa Tetragnatha nitidiventris Simon, 1907 – Guinea-Bissau Tetragnatha notophilla Boeris, 1889 – Peru Tetragnatha noumeensis Berland, 1924 – New Caledonia Tetragnatha novia Simon, 1901 – Malaysia Tetragnatha nubica Denis, 1955 – Niger Tetragnatha obscura Gillespie, 2002 – Hawaii Tetragnatha obscuriceps Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia Tetragnatha obtusa C. L. Koch, 1837 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia Tetragnatha oculata Denis, 1955 – Niger Tetragnatha okumae Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines Tetragnatha olindana Karsch, 1880 – Polynesia Tetragnatha oncognatha Castanheira, Baptista & Oliveira, 2022 – Brazil Tetragnatha oomua Gillespie, 2003 – Marquesas Is. Tetragnatha oreobia Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea Tetragnatha orizaba (Banks, 1898) – Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica Tetragnatha oubatchensis Berland, 1924 – New Caledonia Tetragnatha palikea Gillespie, 2003 – Hawaii Tetragnatha pallescens F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903 – North, Central America, Caribbean Tetragnatha pallida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – Costa Rica, Panama Tetragnatha paludicola Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii Tetragnatha paludis Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia Tetragnatha panopea L. Koch, 1872 – Macronesia, Polynesia, Hawaii Tetragnatha papuana Kulczyński, 1911 – New Guinea Tetragnatha paradisea Pocock, 1901 – India Tetragnatha paradoxa Okuma, 1992 – Costa Rica Tetragnatha paraguayensis (Mello-Leitão, 1939) – Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina Tetragnatha parvula Thorell, 1891 – India (Nicobar Is.) Tetragnatha paschae Berland, 1924 – Easter Is. Tetragnatha perkinsi Simon, 1900 – Hawaii Tetragnatha perreirai Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii Tetragnatha phaeodactyla Kulczyński, 1911 – New Guinea Tetragnatha pilosa Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii Tetragnatha pinicola L. Koch, 1870 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan Tetragnatha piscatoria Simon, 1898 – Caribbean Tetragnatha planata Karsch, 1892 – Sri Lanka Tetragnatha plena Chamberlin, 1924 – China Tetragnatha polychromata Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii Tetragnatha pradoi Castanheira, Baptista & Oliveira, 2022 – Brazil, Argentina Tetragnatha praedonia L. Koch, 1878 – Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan, Laos Tetragnatha priamus Okuma, 1987 – Solomon Islands Tetragnatha protensa Walckenaer, 1841 – Madagascar to Australia, New Caledonia, Palau Is. Tetragnatha puella Thorell, 1895 – Myanmar, Indonesia (Sumatra), New Guinea Tetragnatha pulchella Thorell, 1877 – Indonesia Tetragnatha punua Gillespie, 2003 – Marquesas Is. Tetragnatha quadrinotata Urquhart, 1893 – Australia (Tasmania) Tetragnatha quasimodo Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii Tetragnatha quechua Chamberlin, 1916 – Peru Tetragnatha radiata Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea Tetragnatha rava Gillespie, 2003 – Tahiti Tetragnatha reimoseri (Roșca, 1939) – France to Poland and Bulgaria, Ukraine, Russia (Europe, Urals), Caucasus, Kazakhstan Tetragnatha renatoi Castanheira & Baptista, 2020 – Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina Tetragnatha reni Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China Tetragnatha restricta Simon, 1900 – Hawaii Tetragnatha retinens Chamberlin, 1924 – China Tetragnatha rimandoi Barrion, 1998 – Philippines Tetragnatha rimitarae Strand, 1911 – Polynesia Tetragnatha riveti Berland, 1913 – Ecuador Tetragnatha roeweri Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya Tetragnatha rossi Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea Tetragnatha rouxi (Berland, 1924) – New Caledonia Tetragnatha rubriventris Doleschall, 1857 – New Guinea, Australia (Queensland) Tetragnatha scopus Chamberlin, 1916 – Peru Tetragnatha serra Doleschall, 1857 – India, Thailand, China, Indonesia (Sumatra to New Guinea) Tetragnatha shinanoensis Okuma & Chikuni, 1978 – Korea, Japan Tetragnatha shoshone Levi, 1981 – Canada, United States, Europe, Russia (Europe, South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Iran, Mongolia, China Tetragnatha sidama Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia Tetragnatha signata Okuma, 1987 – New Guinea Tetragnatha simintina Roewer, 1961 – Senegal Tetragnatha sinuosa Chickering, 1957 – Panama Tetragnatha sobrina Simon, 1900 – Hawaii Tetragnatha sociella Chamberlin, 1924 – China Tetragnatha squamata Karsch, 1879 – India, China, Taiwan, Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan Tetragnatha stelarobusta Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii Tetragnatha stellarum Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea Tetragnatha stimulifera Simon, 1907 – Congo Tetragnatha straminea Emerton, 1884 – Canada, United States, Cuba Tetragnatha strandi Lessert, 1915 – East, Southern Africa T. s. melanogaster Schmidt & Krause, 1993 – Comoros Tetragnatha streichi Strand, 1907 – China Tetragnatha striata L. Koch, 1862 – Europe, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan Tetragnatha subclavigera Strand, 1907 – Congo Tetragnatha subesakii Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China Tetragnatha subextensa Petrunkevitch, 1930 – Jamaica, Puerto Rico Tetragnatha subsquamata Okuma, 1985 – Tanzania, South Africa Tetragnatha suoan Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China Tetragnatha sutherlandi Gravely, 1921 – India Tetragnatha tahuata Gillespie, 2003 – Marquesas Is. Tetragnatha tanigawai Okuma, 1988 – Japan (Ryukyu Is.) Tetragnatha tantalus Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii Tetragnatha taylori O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891 – South Africa Tetragnatha tenera Thorell, 1881 – Sri Lanka, Australia (Queensland) Tetragnatha tenuis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – Guatemala to Panama Tetragnatha tenuissima O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – Mexico, Central America, Caribbean to Brazil, Argentina Tetragnatha tincochacae Chamberlin, 1916 – Peru Tetragnatha tipula (Simon, 1894) – West Africa Tetragnatha tonkina Simon, 1909 – Vietnam Tetragnatha torrensis Schmidt & Piepho, 1994 – Cape Verde Tetragnatha tortilis Li & Liu, 2022 – China Tetragnatha trichodes Thorell, 1878 – Indonesia Tetragnatha tristani Banks, 1909 – Costa Rica Tetragnatha trituberculata Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii Tetragnatha tuamoaa Gillespie, 2003 – Society Is. Tetragnatha tullgreni Lessert, 1915 – Central, East Africa Tetragnatha uluhe Gillespie, 2003 – Hawaii Tetragnatha uncifera Simon, 1900 – Hawaii Tetragnatha unicornis Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania, Botswana, South Africa Tetragnatha vacillans (Butler, 1876) – Mauritius (Rodriguez) Tetragnatha valida Keyserling, 1887 – Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania) Tetragnatha vermiformis Emerton, 1884 – Temperate and tropical Asia. Introduced to North and Central America, Brazil, South Africa Tetragnatha versicolor Walckenaer, 1841 – North, Central America, Cuba Tetragnatha virescens Okuma, 1979 – Bangladesh, Sri Lanka to Indonesia, Philippines Tetragnatha viridis Walckenaer, 1841 – Canada, United States Tetragnatha viridorufa Gravely, 1921 – India Tetragnatha visenda Chickering, 1957 – Jamaica Tetragnatha waikamoi Gillespie, 1992 – Hawaii Tetragnatha yalom Chrysanthus, 1975 – New Guinea, Papua new Guinea (Bismarck Arch.), Australia (Queensland) Tetragnatha yesoensis Saito, 1934 – Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan Tetragnatha yinae Zhao & Peng, 2010 – China Tetragnatha yongquiang Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China Tetragnatha zangherii (Caporiacco, 1926) – Italy Tetragnatha zhaoi Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China Tetragnatha zhaoya Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 – China

Synonyms

T. aduncata Wang, 1991 = Tetragnatha hasselti Thorell, 1890 T. alba F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903 = Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz, 1850 T. amplidens Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = Tetragnatha elongata Walckenaer, 1841 T. andina Taczanowski, 1878 = Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865 T. anirensis Strand, 1915 = Tetragnatha biseriata Thorell, 1881 T. antillana Simon, 1897 = Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826) T. apheles Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = Tetragnatha mexicana Keyserling, 1865 T. aptans Chamberlin, 1920 = Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826) T. banksi McCook, 1894 = Tetragnatha guatemalensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 T. bemalcuei Mello-Leitão, 1939 = Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865 T. borealis L. Koch, 1879 = Tetragnatha dearmata Thorell, 1873 T. boydi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 = Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865 T. boydi Tullgren, 1910 = Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865 T. caporiaccoi Platnick, 1993 = Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826) T. casula Walckenaer, 1841 = Tetragnatha versicolor Walckenaer, 1841 T. cliens Chamberlin, 1924 = Tetragnatha nigrita Lendl, 1886 T. conformans Chamberlin, 1924 = Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890 T. confraterna Banks, 1909 = Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer, 1841 T. convexa Banks, 1898 = Tetragnatha versicolor Walckenaer, 1841 T. coreana Seo & Paik, 1981 = Tetragnatha vermiformis Emerton, 1884 T. culicivora Walckenaer, 1841 = Tetragnatha elongata Walckenaer, 1841 T. decipiens Badcock, 1932 = Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826) T. dentigera F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903 = Tetragnatha versicolor Walckenaer, 1841 T. earmra Levi, 1981 = Tetragnatha gracilis (Bryant, 1923) T. eitapensis Strand, 1913 = Tetragnatha ceylonica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 T. elmora Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826) T. ethodon Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890 T. festina Bryant, 1945 = Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826) T. filiformis (Audouin, 1826) = Tetragnatha flava (Audouin, 1826) T. foliifera Simon, 1898 = Tetragnatha demissa L. Koch, 1872 T. fraterna Banks, 1898 = Tetragnatha guatemalensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 T. fuerteventurensis Wunderlich, 1992 = Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826) T. galapagoensis Banks, 1902 = Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826) T. graciliventris Schenkel, 1963 = Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer, 1841 T. grenda Roberts, 1983 = Tetragnatha demissa L. Koch, 1872 T. groenlandica Thorell, 1872 = Tetragnatha extensa (Linnaeus, 1758) T. haitiensis Bryant, 1945 = Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865 T. harrodi Levi, 1951 = Tetragnatha dearmata Thorell, 1873 T. heatwolei Chrysanthus, 1975 = Tetragnatha bituberculata L. Koch, 1867 T. hotingchiehi Schenkel, 1963 = Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826) T. huahinensis Berland, 1942 = Tetragnatha macilenta L. Koch, 1872 T. infuscata Benoit, 1978 = Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer, 1841 T. intermedia Banks, 1898 = Tetragnatha guatemalensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 T. japonica Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 = Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890 T. kaestneri (Crome, 1954) = Tetragnatha reimoseri (Rosca, 1939) T. kochi Thorell, 1895 = Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890 T. kovblyuki Marusik, 2010 = Tetragnatha shoshone Levi, 1981 T. laudativa Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936 = Tetragnatha guatemalensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 T. limnocharis Seeley, 1928 = Tetragnatha versicolor Walckenaer, 1841 T. listeri Gravely, 1921 = Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890 T. mackenziei Gravely, 1921 = Tetragnatha vermiformis Emerton, 1884 T. maderiana Schenkel, 1938 (described as subspecies of T. extensa) = Tetragnatha extensa (Linnaeus, 1758) T. mandibulata Gravely, 1921 = Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865 T. manitoba Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = Tetragnatha extensa (Linnaeus, 1758) T. marianna Archer, 1940 = Tetragnatha versicolor Walckenaer, 1841 T. maxillosa Thorell, 1895 = Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890 T. maxillosa Strand, 1911 = Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890 T. modesta Hirst, 1911 = Tetragnatha ceylonica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 T. munda Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929 = Tetragnatha versicolor Walckenaer, 1841 T. necatoria Tullgren, 1910 = Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer, 1841 T. nigrita Strand, 1906 = Tetragnatha praedonia L. Koch, 1878 T. nitens (Hogg, 1911) = Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826) T. nitens Wiehle, 1962 = Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865 T. numa Levi & Levi, 1955 = Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz, 1850 T. obtusa Kulczyński, 1891 = Tetragnatha dearmata Thorell, 1873 T. pelusia (Audouin, 1826) = Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826) T. peninsulana Banks, 1898 = Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865 T. peruviana Taczanowski, 1878 = Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826) T. petrunkevitchi Caporiacco, 1947 = Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer, 1841 T. pinea Seeley, 1928 = Tetragnatha viridis Walckenaer, 1841 T. potanini Schenkel, 1963 = Tetragnatha extensa (Linnaeus, 1758) T. producta (Franganillo, 1930) = Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826) T. propioides Schenkel, 1936 = Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890 T. punctipes Westring, 1874 = Tetragnatha dearmata Thorell, 1873 T. qiuae Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 = Tetragnatha shoshone Levi, 1981 T. quadridens Dondale, 1966 = Tetragnatha demissa L. Koch, 1872 T. ramboi Mello-Leitão, 1943 = Tetragnatha bogotensis Keyserling, 1865 T. recurva Schenkel, 1936 = Tetragnatha squamata Karsch, 1879 T. rusticana Chickering, 1959 = Tetragnatha extensa (Linnaeus, 1758) T. sanctitata Walckenaer, 1841 = Tetragnatha elongata Walckenaer, 1841 T. seminola Gertsch, 1936 = Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826) T. seneca Seeley, 1928 = Tetragnatha guatemalensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 T. shikokiana Yaginuma, 1960 = Tetragnatha vermiformis Emerton, 1884 T. siduo Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 = Tetragnatha elongata Walckenaer, 1841 T. soaresi Camargo, 1950 = Tetragnatha longidens Mello-Leitão, 1945 T. steckleri Gertsch & Ivie, 1936 = Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826) T. trapezoides Walckenaer, 1841 = Tetragnatha versicolor Walckenaer, 1841 T. tropica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 = Tetragnatha elongata Walckenaer, 1841 T. valoka Chrysanthus, 1975 = Tetragnatha biseriata Thorell, 1881 T. vermiventris Schenkel, 1963 = Tetragnatha javana (Thorell, 1890) T. vicina Simon, 1897 = Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826) References