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{{short description|Vrishni warrior mentioned in Hindu texts}} | {{Infobox deity | ||
| type = Hindu | |||
| name = Satyaki | |||
| image = File:Krishna as Envoy, by Raja Ravi Varma.jpg | |||
| caption = ''Krishna as envoy'' by [[Raja Ravi Varma]];<br>Satyaki (dressed in white, standing near [[Krishna]]) is shown taking out his sword in response to the insults made by [[Duryodhana]] (left) to Krishna | |||
| other_names = Yuyudhana | |||
| dynasty = [[Yadu dynasty|Yaduvamsha]] | |||
| father = Satyaka | |||
| children = Jaya | |||
| texts = [[Mahabharata]] | |||
}}{{short description|Vrishni warrior mentioned in Hindu texts}} | |||
[[Image:Satyaki-kl.jpg|thumb|Satyaki in Javanese [[Wayang]] (Javanese shadow puppet). ''The picture above is a puppet form of Satyaki and does not resemble the actual character.'']] | [[Image:Satyaki-kl.jpg|thumb|Satyaki in Javanese [[Wayang]] (Javanese shadow puppet). ''The picture above is a puppet form of Satyaki and does not resemble the actual character.'']] | ||
'''Yuyudhana''' ({{ | '''Yuyudhana''' ({{langx|sa|युयुधान}}, {{IAST3|Yuyudhāna}}), better known as '''Satyaki''' ({{langx|sa|सात्यकि}}, {{IAST3|Sātyaki}}), was a powerful [[Yadava]] chieftain of [[Narayani Sena]], belonging to the [[Vrishni]] clan to which [[Krishna]] also belonged.<ref name="Agarwal2019">{{cite book|author=Himanshu Agarwal|title=Mahabharata Retold Part-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dzCqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT50|date=20 August 2019|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=978-1-64587-785-1|pages=50–}}</ref> According to the [[Puranas]], he was the grandson of Shini of the Vrishni clan, and son of Satyaka, after whom he was named.<ref name="p1">Pargiter, F.E. (1972) [1922]. ''Ancient Indian Historical Tradition'', Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p.107.</ref> A valiant warrior, Satyaki was devoted to Krishna and was a student of [[Arjuna]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2012-06-29 |title=Yuyudhana, Yuyudhāna: 11 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/yuyudhana#purana |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> | ||
== Kurukshetra War == | == Kurukshetra War == | ||
{{Main|Kurukshetra War}} | {{Main|Kurukshetra War}} | ||
Satyaki strongly and passionately favors the cause of the [[Pandavas]] over the [[Kauravas]] in the [[Kurukshetra War]]. Prior to the war, Satyaki accompanied Krishna to the [[Kuru (kingdom)|Kuru]] capital, with Krishna as the Pandavas' emissary of peace. He is a witness to [[Duryodhana|Duryodhana's]] attempt to arrest Krishna and Krishna's ''Vishwaroopa'' form, though he is not mentioned as one of the few persons not blinded by the apparation. After talks break down, Satyaki leads the Sivi and Vrishni army to the Pandava's camp. While Satyaki, along with | Satyaki strongly and passionately favors the cause of the [[Pandavas]] over the [[Kauravas]] in the [[Kurukshetra War]]. Prior to the war, Satyaki accompanied Krishna to the [[Kuru (kingdom)|Kuru]] capital, with Krishna as the Pandavas' emissary of peace. He is a witness to [[Duryodhana|Duryodhana's]] attempt to arrest Krishna and Krishna's ''Vishwaroopa'' form, though he is not mentioned as one of the few persons not blinded by the apparation. After talks break down, Satyaki leads the Sivi and Vrishni army to the Pandava's camp. While Satyaki, along with others like [[Chekitana]] and Syenajita joins the Pandavas, Krishna promises his army to Duryodhana. Hence, Yadavas sworn directly to [[Dwarka]] like [[Kritvarma]] fight for the Kauravas, meaning Satyaki has to fight his kinsmen in the war. He provides 1 Akshauhini army to the Pandavas. According to Bhishma, he is capable of fighting 12 Atirathis alone.{{cn|date=November 2022}} | ||
During the war, Satyaki is the commander of one [[akshauhini]] of the Pandava army. | During the war, Satyaki is the commander of one [[akshauhini]] of the Pandava army. | ||
===2nd day=== | ===2nd day=== | ||
On the 2nd day of war, Satyaki fought with [[Shakuni]]. Shakuni gave him a fierce battle. But Satyaki defeated him. | On the 2nd day of the war, Satyaki fought with [[Shakuni]]. Shakuni gave him a fierce battle. But Satyaki defeated him.{{cn|date=November 2022}} | ||
===14th day=== | ===14th day=== | ||
The fourteenth day of the battle features Satyaki in a prominent role. With [[Arjuna]] attempting to pierce [[Drona|Drona's]] formation in order to fulfill his oath of killing [[Jayadratha]], Satyaki defends [[Yudhishthira]] from Drona, who was attempting to capture the emperor in Arjuna's absence. Rescuing [[Dhristadyumna]] from | The fourteenth day of the battle features Satyaki in a prominent role. With [[Arjuna]] attempting to pierce [[Drona|Drona's]] formation in order to fulfill his oath of killing [[Jayadratha]], Satyaki defends [[Yudhishthira]] from Drona, who was attempting to capture the emperor in Arjuna's absence. Rescuing [[Dhristadyumna]] from Drona, Satyaki engages in a long fight with Drona, taking up the morning's fight. Drona gets so frustrated by Satyaki, that he even uses [[Astra (weapon)|divine weapons]], which Satyaki counters using his knowledge of divine weapons from his education under Arjuna. Eventually, Satyaki tires, and he is wounded by Drona's arrows. He is rescued by a new attack from the [[Upapandavas]]. Ultimately, Satyaki manages to stall Drona long enough that [[Duryodhana]], frustrated with Drona's lack of progress, withdraws Drona to focus on the conflict with Arjuna.{{cn|date=November 2022}} | ||
Later in the day, Yudhishthira gets worried for Arjuna's safety. Despite his protests that protecting the king is more important, Satyaki is ordered to find and aid Arjuna. At the entrance to the Padmavyuha, he meets Drona. Knowing that he cannot bypass the sage, he circumvents him, telling Drona that he must duplicate the actions of his guru (as Arjuna had declined to fight Drona at the start of the day). | Later in the day, Yudhishthira gets worried for Arjuna's safety. Despite his protests that protecting the king is more important, Satyaki is ordered to find and aid Arjuna. At the entrance to the Padmavyuha, he meets Drona. Knowing that he cannot bypass the sage, he circumvents him, telling Drona that he must duplicate the actions of his guru (as Arjuna had declined to fight Drona at the start of the day).{{cn|date=November 2022}} | ||
====Conflict with Bhurisrava==== | ====Conflict with Bhurisrava==== | ||
As Arjuna is being attacked from multiple sides, Satyaki appears to give aid. Satyaki fights an intense battle with archrival, [[Bhurisravas]] with whom he had a long-standing family feud, following from when Satyaki's grandfather defeated [[Somadatta|Bhurishrava's father]]. After a long and bloody battle, Satyaki, already exhausted from fighting Drona, begins to falter, and Bhurisravas pummels him and drags him across the battlefield. Raising his sword, Bhurisravas prepares to kill Satyaki, but he is rescued from death by [[Arjuna]], who shoots an arrow severing Bhurisravas's arm. When criticized by Bhurisravas for interfering in the fight without warning | As Arjuna is being attacked from multiple sides, Satyaki appears to give aid. Satyaki fights an intense battle with archrival, [[Bhurisravas]] with whom he had a long-standing family feud, following from when Satyaki's grandfather defeated [[Somadatta|Bhurishrava's father]]. After a long and bloody battle, Satyaki, already exhausted from fighting Drona, begins to falter, and Bhurisravas pummels him and drags him across the battlefield. Raising his sword, Bhurisravas prepares to kill Satyaki, but he is rescued from death by [[Arjuna]], who shoots an arrow severing Bhurisravas's arm. When criticized by Bhurisravas for interfering in the fight without warning. Bhurisravas lays out his weapons and sits down in meditation. Satyaki then emerges from his swoon and swiftly decapitates his enemy. He is condemned for this rash act, but Satyaki states that the moment Bhurisravas struck his semiconscious body, he had sworn that he would kill Bhurisravas. With the day's battle nearly over and Jayadratha still far away, the debate on the morality of Satyaki's actions is shelved.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07143.htm|title=Defeat of Karna by hands of Satyaki|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}</ref> | ||
====Night War==== | ====Night War==== | ||
When the battle on the fourteenth day continued into the night killed Bhurisravas's father Somadatta, later assisting Bhima slay Somadatta's father, [[Bahlika (Mahabharata)|Bahlika]].{{cn|date=November 2022}} | |||
==Yadava Warrior== | ==Yadava Warrior== | ||
[[File:Krishna as Envoy.jpg|thumb|Krishna as envoy to the Kaurava court before Kurukshetra war. Satyaki takes out his sword when the Kauravas, raise their sword against Krishna, while Krishna holds his hand.]] | [[File:Krishna as Envoy.jpg|thumb|Krishna as envoy to the Kaurava court before Kurukshetra war. Satyaki takes out his sword when the Kauravas, raise their sword against Krishna, while Krishna holds his hand.]] | ||
In the Kurukshetra war, Satyaki and [[Kritavarma]] were two important Yadava heroes who fought on the opposing sides. Satyaki fought on the side of the Pandavas, whereas Kritavarma joined the Kauravas. Satyaki is also noted as an [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] physician who was an expert in Shalya (surgery) and Shalakya (Eye/ENT). He is mentioned by Dalhana in Timir and Annantvat ([[Sushrut]]a Uttartantra) and by Chakrapani in Netraroga ([[Charaka|Charak]]). Some Mahabharat text says that during Mausala Parva, Satyaki killed [[Kritavarma]] by beheading him. | In the Kurukshetra war, Satyaki and [[Kritavarma]] were two important Yadava heroes who fought on the opposing sides. Satyaki fought on the side of the Pandavas, whereas Kritavarma joined the Kauravas. Satyaki is also noted as an [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] physician who was an expert in Shalya (surgery) and Shalakya (Eye/ENT). He is mentioned by Dalhana in Timir and Annantvat ([[Sushrut]]a Uttartantra) and by Chakrapani in Netraroga ([[Charaka|Charak]]). Some Mahabharat text says that during Mausala Parva, Satyaki killed [[Kritavarma]] by beheading him.{{cn|date=November 2022}} | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2016}} | {{unreferenced section|date=June 2016}} | ||
After the Kurukshetra war, [[Gandhari (character)|Gandhari]] curses [[Krishna]] that his clan will be destroyed 36 years later in a fratricidal massacre. | After the Kurukshetra war, [[Gandhari (character)|Gandhari]] curses [[Krishna]] that his clan will be destroyed 36 years later in a fratricidal massacre. | ||
During the 36th year, the Yadavas retire to [[Prabhasa (place)|Prabhāsa]] where they are allotted temporary residences and start reveling and drinking. Inebriated, Satyaki laughs at and taunts [[Kritavarma]] for [[Kurukshetra War#Day 18|his actions on the night of the 18th day of battle]]. As others agree with Satyaki, Kritavarma becomes enraged and lambasts Satyaki for slaying [[Bhurishravas]] in cold blood. Countering this, Satyaki narrates the story of Kritavarma plotting to kill [[Devaki|Devaki's father]]. Warriors start taking sides depending on who their clans had fought for during the war; wine flows and tempers flare. Enraged, | During the 36th year, the Yadavas retire to [[Prabhasa (place)|Prabhāsa]] where they are allotted temporary residences and start reveling and drinking. Inebriated, Satyaki laughs at and taunts [[Kritavarma]] for [[Kurukshetra War#Day 18|his actions on the night of the 18th day of battle]]. As others agree with Satyaki, Kritavarma becomes enraged and lambasts Satyaki for slaying [[Bhurishravas]] in cold blood. Countering this, Satyaki narrates the story of Kritavarma plotting to kill [[Devaki|Devaki's father]]. Warriors start taking sides depending on who their clans had fought for during the war; wine flows and tempers flare. Enraged, Satyaki gets up from the ground, and to his shock he discovers that the grass he pulls up from his clenched hands has turned into weapons (thanks to a rishi's curse). Red-faced, Satyaki decapitates Kritavarma and begins assaulting the warriors who are on Kritavarma's side. The Bhojas and the Andhakas, incensed and drunk, surround Satyaki as Krishna comes to his aid. However, knowing the character of the hour, Krishna stands aside. The Bhojas and Andhakas pull their own weapons from the ground and advance towards Satyaki. | ||
Satyaki's allies, like [[Pradyumna]] rush to his defense. In the end, Satyaki lies dead, as do all the Vrishini warriors. | Satyaki's allies, like [[Pradyumna]] rush to his defense. In the end, Satyaki lies dead, as do all the Vrishini warriors. | ||
==Descendants== | ==Descendants== | ||
In other versions, Satyaki has a single son Asanga with one mentioned grandson Yugandhara.<ref name="p1"/> Yugandhara later became the ruler of the territory near the [[Sarasvati River]].<ref name="p2">Pargiter, F.E. (1972) [1922]. ''Ancient Indian Historical Tradition'', Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p.284.</ref> There is also mention of two granddaughters Satyaki's hopes to marry into the Pandava's family. | In other versions, Satyaki has a single son Asanga with one mentioned grandson Yugandhara.<ref name="p1"/> Yugandhara later became the ruler of the territory near the [[Sarasvati River]].<ref name="p2">Pargiter, F.E. (1972) [1922]. ''Ancient Indian Historical Tradition'', Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p.284.</ref> There is also mention of two granddaughters Satyaki's hopes to marry into the Pandava's family. | ||
The latter day Yaudheyas claimed themselves as sons of Dharmaraja and nephews of Arjun and claimed descent either through son of Satyaki or through the son of [[Yudhishthira]], Yaudheya(mentioned in Matsaya Purana). | The latter day Yaudheyas claimed themselves as sons of Dharmaraja and nephews of Arjun and claimed descent either through son of Satyaki or through the son of [[Yudhishthira]], Yaudheya (mentioned in Matsaya Purana).{{cn|date=November 2022}} | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Latest revision as of 03:52, 22 October 2025
| Satyaki | |
|---|---|
 Krishna as envoy by Raja Ravi Varma; Satyaki (dressed in white, standing near Krishna) is shown taking out his sword in response to the insults made by Duryodhana (left) to Krishna | |
| Other names | Yuyudhana |
| Texts | Mahabharata |
| Personal information | |
| Parents |
|
| Children | Jaya |
| Dynasty | Yaduvamsha |
Yuyudhana (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., IAST: Yuyudhāna), better known as Satyaki (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., IAST: Sātyaki), was a powerful Yadava chieftain of Narayani Sena, belonging to the Vrishni clan to which Krishna also belonged.[1] According to the Puranas, he was the grandson of Shini of the Vrishni clan, and son of Satyaka, after whom he was named.[2] A valiant warrior, Satyaki was devoted to Krishna and was a student of Arjuna.[3]
Kurukshetra War[edit | edit source]
Satyaki strongly and passionately favors the cause of the Pandavas over the Kauravas in the Kurukshetra War. Prior to the war, Satyaki accompanied Krishna to the Kuru capital, with Krishna as the Pandavas' emissary of peace. He is a witness to Duryodhana's attempt to arrest Krishna and Krishna's Vishwaroopa form, though he is not mentioned as one of the few persons not blinded by the apparation. After talks break down, Satyaki leads the Sivi and Vrishni army to the Pandava's camp. While Satyaki, along with others like Chekitana and Syenajita joins the Pandavas, Krishna promises his army to Duryodhana. Hence, Yadavas sworn directly to Dwarka like Kritvarma fight for the Kauravas, meaning Satyaki has to fight his kinsmen in the war. He provides 1 Akshauhini army to the Pandavas. According to Bhishma, he is capable of fighting 12 Atirathis alone.[citation needed]
During the war, Satyaki is the commander of one akshauhini of the Pandava army.
2nd day[edit | edit source]
On the 2nd day of the war, Satyaki fought with Shakuni. Shakuni gave him a fierce battle. But Satyaki defeated him.[citation needed]
14th day[edit | edit source]
The fourteenth day of the battle features Satyaki in a prominent role. With Arjuna attempting to pierce Drona's formation in order to fulfill his oath of killing Jayadratha, Satyaki defends Yudhishthira from Drona, who was attempting to capture the emperor in Arjuna's absence. Rescuing Dhristadyumna from Drona, Satyaki engages in a long fight with Drona, taking up the morning's fight. Drona gets so frustrated by Satyaki, that he even uses divine weapons, which Satyaki counters using his knowledge of divine weapons from his education under Arjuna. Eventually, Satyaki tires, and he is wounded by Drona's arrows. He is rescued by a new attack from the Upapandavas. Ultimately, Satyaki manages to stall Drona long enough that Duryodhana, frustrated with Drona's lack of progress, withdraws Drona to focus on the conflict with Arjuna.[citation needed]
Later in the day, Yudhishthira gets worried for Arjuna's safety. Despite his protests that protecting the king is more important, Satyaki is ordered to find and aid Arjuna. At the entrance to the Padmavyuha, he meets Drona. Knowing that he cannot bypass the sage, he circumvents him, telling Drona that he must duplicate the actions of his guru (as Arjuna had declined to fight Drona at the start of the day).[citation needed]
Conflict with Bhurisrava[edit | edit source]
As Arjuna is being attacked from multiple sides, Satyaki appears to give aid. Satyaki fights an intense battle with archrival, Bhurisravas with whom he had a long-standing family feud, following from when Satyaki's grandfather defeated Bhurishrava's father. After a long and bloody battle, Satyaki, already exhausted from fighting Drona, begins to falter, and Bhurisravas pummels him and drags him across the battlefield. Raising his sword, Bhurisravas prepares to kill Satyaki, but he is rescued from death by Arjuna, who shoots an arrow severing Bhurisravas's arm. When criticized by Bhurisravas for interfering in the fight without warning. Bhurisravas lays out his weapons and sits down in meditation. Satyaki then emerges from his swoon and swiftly decapitates his enemy. He is condemned for this rash act, but Satyaki states that the moment Bhurisravas struck his semiconscious body, he had sworn that he would kill Bhurisravas. With the day's battle nearly over and Jayadratha still far away, the debate on the morality of Satyaki's actions is shelved.[4]
Night War[edit | edit source]
When the battle on the fourteenth day continued into the night killed Bhurisravas's father Somadatta, later assisting Bhima slay Somadatta's father, Bahlika.[citation needed]
Yadava Warrior[edit | edit source]
In the Kurukshetra war, Satyaki and Kritavarma were two important Yadava heroes who fought on the opposing sides. Satyaki fought on the side of the Pandavas, whereas Kritavarma joined the Kauravas. Satyaki is also noted as an Ayurvedic physician who was an expert in Shalya (surgery) and Shalakya (Eye/ENT). He is mentioned by Dalhana in Timir and Annantvat (Sushruta Uttartantra) and by Chakrapani in Netraroga (Charak). Some Mahabharat text says that during Mausala Parva, Satyaki killed Kritavarma by beheading him.[citation needed]
Death[edit | edit source]
 | This section does not cite any sources. (June 2016) |
After the Kurukshetra war, Gandhari curses Krishna that his clan will be destroyed 36 years later in a fratricidal massacre.
During the 36th year, the Yadavas retire to Prabhāsa where they are allotted temporary residences and start reveling and drinking. Inebriated, Satyaki laughs at and taunts Kritavarma for his actions on the night of the 18th day of battle. As others agree with Satyaki, Kritavarma becomes enraged and lambasts Satyaki for slaying Bhurishravas in cold blood. Countering this, Satyaki narrates the story of Kritavarma plotting to kill Devaki's father. Warriors start taking sides depending on who their clans had fought for during the war; wine flows and tempers flare. Enraged, Satyaki gets up from the ground, and to his shock he discovers that the grass he pulls up from his clenched hands has turned into weapons (thanks to a rishi's curse). Red-faced, Satyaki decapitates Kritavarma and begins assaulting the warriors who are on Kritavarma's side. The Bhojas and the Andhakas, incensed and drunk, surround Satyaki as Krishna comes to his aid. However, knowing the character of the hour, Krishna stands aside. The Bhojas and Andhakas pull their own weapons from the ground and advance towards Satyaki.
Satyaki's allies, like Pradyumna rush to his defense. In the end, Satyaki lies dead, as do all the Vrishini warriors.
Descendants[edit | edit source]
In other versions, Satyaki has a single son Asanga with one mentioned grandson Yugandhara.[2] Yugandhara later became the ruler of the territory near the Sarasvati River.[5] There is also mention of two granddaughters Satyaki's hopes to marry into the Pandava's family.
The latter day Yaudheyas claimed themselves as sons of Dharmaraja and nephews of Arjun and claimed descent either through son of Satyaki or through the son of Yudhishthira, Yaudheya (mentioned in Matsaya Purana).[citation needed]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Himanshu Agarwal (20 August 2019). Mahabharata Retold Part-2. Notion Press. pp. 50–. ISBN 978-1-64587-785-1.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Pargiter, F.E. (1972) [1922]. Ancient Indian Historical Tradition, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p.107.
- ↑ www.wisdomlib.org (2012-06-29). "Yuyudhana, Yuyudhāna: 11 definitions". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 2022-11-17.
- ↑ "Defeat of Karna by hands of Satyaki".
- ↑ Pargiter, F.E. (1972) [1922]. Ancient Indian Historical Tradition, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p.284.
External links[edit | edit source]
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