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{{short description|Twelfth Mughal Emperor}} | {{short description|Twelfth Mughal Emperor}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}} | ||
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{{Infobox royalty | {{Infobox royalty | ||
| image = | | image = Rafi-ud-daulah.png | ||
| name = | | name = Rafi-ud-Daulah <br> رفیع الدوله | ||
| title = [[Padishah]] | | title = [[Padishah]] <br> [[Imperial and royal titles of the Mughal emperors|Al-Sultan Al-Azam]] | ||
| succession = 12th [[ | | succession = 12th [[Mughal Emperor]] | ||
| full name = Mirza Rafi-ud-Din Muhammad Rafi-ud-Daulah Shah Jahan II | | full name = Mirza Rafi-ud-Din Muhammad Rafi-ud-Daulah Shah Jahan II | ||
| coronation = 8 June 1719 at [[Red Fort]], [[Delhi]] | | coronation = 8 June 1719 at [[Red Fort]], [[Delhi]] | ||
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| place of burial = ''[[Dargah]]'' of [[Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki|Qutb-ud-Din Bakhtiyar Kaki]], [[Delhi]] (present-day India) | | place of burial = ''[[Dargah]]'' of [[Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki|Qutb-ud-Din Bakhtiyar Kaki]], [[Delhi]] (present-day India) | ||
| reign = 6 June – 17 September 1719 | | reign = 6 June – 17 September 1719 | ||
| predecessor = [[Rafi ud-Darajat|Rafi-ud-Darajat]] | | predecessor = [[Rafi ud-Darajat|Rafi-ud-Darajat]] | ||
| successor = [[Muhammad Ibrahim (Mughal emperor)|Jahangir II]] | | successor = [[Muhammad Ibrahim (Mughal emperor)|Jahangir II]] <br> [[Muhammad Shah]] | ||
| spouse = | | spouse = | ||
| father = [[Rafi-ush-Shan]] | | father = [[Rafi-ush-Shan]] | ||
| mother = | | mother = | ||
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | | religion = [[Sunni Islam]] {{small|([[Hanafi]])}} | ||
| dynasty = [[File:Timurid.svg|25px]] [[Timurid | | dynasty = [[File:Timurid.svg|25px]] [[Timurid dynasty]] | ||
| issue = | | issue = | ||
| regnal name = Shah Jahan II | | regnal name = Shah Jahan II ([[Persian language|Persian]]: شاه جهان دوم) | ||
| house = | | house = [[Mughal dynasty|House of Babur]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Mughal}} | {{Mughal}} | ||
{{stack end}} | |||
'''Shah Jahan II''' ({{IPA-fa|ʃɑːh d͡ʒa'hɑːn}}; June 1696 – 19 September 1719), born '''Rafi-ud-Daulah''', was the twelfth [[Mughal emperor]] for a brief period in 1719. After being chosen by the [[Sayyid brothers]], he succeeded | '''Shah Jahan II''' ({{IPA-fa|ʃɑːh d͡ʒa'hɑːn}}; June 1696 – 19 September 1719), born '''Mirza Rafi-ud-Daulah''' ([[Persian language|Persian]]: میرزا رفیع الدوله), was the twelfth [[Mughal emperor]] for a brief period in 1719. | ||
After being chosen by the [[Sayyid brothers]], he succeeded figurehead emperor [[Rafi ud-Darajat|Rafi-ud-Darajat]] on 6 June 1719. Shah Jahan II also served as a figurehead to the Sayyid brothers<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rz16lub2uRgC&q=sayyid%20brotherhood%20barha |title=Mohammad Yasin |date=1958 |publisher=Upper India Publishing House |page=18}}</ref> and would serve as emperor until his death of [[tuberculosis]] on 17 September 1719.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chhabra |first1=G. S. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.460890/page/n11/mode/2up |title=Advanced Study In The History Of Modern India Vol. 1 (1707–1831) |date=1971 |publisher=Sterling Publishers |location=New Delhi |page=5 |access-date=12 June 2023}} | |||
</ref> | |||
==Personal life== | ==Personal life== | ||
Shah Jahan II was born as Rafi ud-Daulah. He was the second son of [[Rafi-ush-Shan]] and a grandson of [[Bahadur Shah I]].{{sfn|Irvine|1921|p=420}} Shah Jahan II's exact date of birth is not known | Shah Jahan II was born as Rafi ud-Daulah. He was the second son of [[Rafi-ush-Shan]] and a grandson of [[Bahadur Shah I]].{{sfn|Irvine|1921|p=420}} Shah Jahan II's exact date of birth is not known but he is believed to have been eighteen months older than his brother [[Rafi ud-Darajat]]. Whether he married or not, whether he had any child or not is also unknown.{{sfn|Irvine|1921|p=432}} | ||
==Reign== | ==Reign== | ||
Shah Jahan II ascended the throne on 6 June 1719 after the death of his younger brother [[Rafi ud-Darajat]] due to [[tuberculosis]]. His coronation took place at [[Diwan-i-Khas (Red Fort)|Diwan-i-Khas]] of the [[Red Fort]]. He took the title '''Shah Jahan II''' | [[File:Mogul- Schah Jahan II. - Münzkabinett, Berlin - 5548805.jpg|thumb|Coin of Shah Jahan II|left]] | ||
Shah Jahan II ascended the throne on 6 June 1719 after the death of his younger brother [[Rafi ud-Darajat]] due to [[tuberculosis]]. His coronation took place at [[Diwan-i-Khas (Red Fort)|Diwan-i-Khas]] of the [[Red Fort]]. He took the title '''Shah Jahan II'''.{{sfn|Irvine|1921|p=420}} | |||
Just like his younger brother, Shah Jahan II was chosen by the kingmaker [[Sayyid brothers]] and wielded no power | Just like his younger brother, Shah Jahan II was chosen by the kingmaker [[Sayyid brothers]] and wielded no power. {{sfn|Chandra|2005|p=483}} [[Khutbah#Sovereign's_name|His name was read in the khutbah]] for the first time on 13 June. His first appearance at the [[Diwan-i-Am (Red Fort)|Diwan-i-Am]] was on 11 June. Without the presence of one of the Sayyid brothers, he was not allowed to meet any noble or to attend the ''[[jumu'ah|jummah]]''.{{sfn|Irvine|1921|p=420}} | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
Shah Jahan II suffered from tuberculosis just like his younger brother. He was physically and mentally unfit to perform the duties of a ruler. He died on 17 September 1719{{sfn|Mehta|2005|p=24}} at Bidyapur. He was buried beside Rafi ud-Darajat at the ''[[dargah]]'' of [[Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki]].{{sfn|Irvine|1921|p=430}} | Shah Jahan II suffered from tuberculosis just like his younger brother. He was physically and mentally unfit to perform the duties of a ruler. He died on 17 September 1719{{sfn|Mehta|2005|p=24}} at [[Bidyapur]]. He was buried beside Rafi ud-Darajat at the ''[[dargah]]'' of [[Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki]] at [[Mehrauli Archaeological Park|Mehrauli]] in Delhi.{{sfn|Irvine|1921|p=430}} | ||
Muhammad Hadi Kamwar Khan claimed that Shah Jahan II was poisoned by the Sayyid brothers, but historian [[William Irvine (historian)|William Irvine]] disputed this, saying that the Shah's diarrhoea was due to opium withdrawal, that Kamwar Khan had much to be upset about since his prospects were ruined by Shah Jahan's death, and that the Sayyids had nothing to gain from his death.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Irvine |first1=William |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.4939/page/n457/mode/2up |title=Later Mughals vol.1 |date=1922 |publisher=M.C. Sarka |location=Calcutta |pages=430–431 |access-date=12 June 2023}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
* {{cite book|title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part – II|author-link=Satish Chandra (historian)|first=Satish|last=Chandra|ISBN=9788124110669|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|date=2005}} | * {{cite book|title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part – II|author-link=Satish Chandra (historian)|first=Satish|last=Chandra|ISBN=9788124110669|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|date=2005}} | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/misc/mughal.html Mughal dynasty genealogy] | *[http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/misc/mughal.html Mughal dynasty genealogy] | ||
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[[Category:Murdered Indian monarchs]] | [[Category:Murdered Indian monarchs]] | ||
[[Category:18th-century murdered monarchs]] | [[Category:18th-century murdered monarchs]] | ||
[[Category:1719 murders in Asia]] | |||
[[Category:18th-century murders in India]] | |||
Latest revision as of 09:28, 22 July 2023
| Rafi-ud-Daulah رفیع الدوله | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Padishah Al-Sultan Al-Azam | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| 12th Mughal Emperor | |||||||||
| Reign | 6 June – 17 September 1719 | ||||||||
| Coronation | 8 June 1719 at Red Fort, Delhi | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Rafi-ud-Darajat | ||||||||
| Successor | Jahangir II Muhammad Shah | ||||||||
| Born | June 1696 Mughal Empire | ||||||||
| Died | 18 September 1719 (aged 23) Bidyapur, near Fatehpur Sikri, Mughal Empire (present-day Uttar Pradesh, India) | ||||||||
| Burial | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| House | House of Babur | ||||||||
| Dynasty |  Timurid dynasty | ||||||||
| Father | Rafi-ush-Shan | ||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam (Hanafi) | ||||||||
| Mughal emperors | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Shah Jahan II (Template:IPA-fa; June 1696 – 19 September 1719), born Mirza Rafi-ud-Daulah (Persian: میرزا رفیع الدوله), was the twelfth Mughal emperor for a brief period in 1719.
After being chosen by the Sayyid brothers, he succeeded figurehead emperor Rafi-ud-Darajat on 6 June 1719. Shah Jahan II also served as a figurehead to the Sayyid brothers[1] and would serve as emperor until his death of tuberculosis on 17 September 1719.[2]
Personal life[edit | edit source]
Shah Jahan II was born as Rafi ud-Daulah. He was the second son of Rafi-ush-Shan and a grandson of Bahadur Shah I.[3] Shah Jahan II's exact date of birth is not known but he is believed to have been eighteen months older than his brother Rafi ud-Darajat. Whether he married or not, whether he had any child or not is also unknown.[4]
Reign[edit | edit source]
Shah Jahan II ascended the throne on 6 June 1719 after the death of his younger brother Rafi ud-Darajat due to tuberculosis. His coronation took place at Diwan-i-Khas of the Red Fort. He took the title Shah Jahan II.[3]
Just like his younger brother, Shah Jahan II was chosen by the kingmaker Sayyid brothers and wielded no power. [5] His name was read in the khutbah for the first time on 13 June. His first appearance at the Diwan-i-Am was on 11 June. Without the presence of one of the Sayyid brothers, he was not allowed to meet any noble or to attend the jummah.[3]
Death[edit | edit source]
Shah Jahan II suffered from tuberculosis just like his younger brother. He was physically and mentally unfit to perform the duties of a ruler. He died on 17 September 1719[6] at Bidyapur. He was buried beside Rafi ud-Darajat at the dargah of Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki at Mehrauli in Delhi.[7]
Muhammad Hadi Kamwar Khan claimed that Shah Jahan II was poisoned by the Sayyid brothers, but historian William Irvine disputed this, saying that the Shah's diarrhoea was due to opium withdrawal, that Kamwar Khan had much to be upset about since his prospects were ruined by Shah Jahan's death, and that the Sayyids had nothing to gain from his death.[8]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Mohammad Yasin. Upper India Publishing House. 1958. p. 18.
- ↑ Chhabra, G. S. (1971). Advanced Study In The History Of Modern India Vol. 1 (1707–1831). New Delhi: Sterling Publishers. p. 5. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Irvine 1921, p. 420.
- ↑ Irvine 1921, p. 432.
- ↑ Chandra 2005, p. 483.
- ↑ Mehta 2005, p. 24.
- ↑ Irvine 1921, p. 430.
- ↑ Irvine, William (1922). Later Mughals vol.1. Calcutta: M.C. Sarka. pp. 430–431. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
- Chandra, Satish (2005). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part – II. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN 9788124110669.
- Irvine, William (1921). The Later Mughals. Low Price Publications. ISBN 8175364068.
- Mehta, Jaswant Lal (2005). Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813. Sterling Publishers. ISBN 9781932705546.
External links[edit | edit source]
Shah Jahan II
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| Preceded by Rafi Ul-Darjat |
Mughal Emperor 1719 |
Succeeded by Muhammad Shah |