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Yasin Malik
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{{Short description|Kashmiri separatist leader}}
{{Short description|Kashmiri separatist leader}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
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'''Yasin Malik''' (born 1966) is a Kashmiri separatist leader and former militant who advocates the separation of [[Kashmir]] from both [[India]] and [[Pakistan]].{{sfn|Bose|2003|p=126}} In March 2020, Malik was charged for the murder of four [[Indian Air Force]] personnel during an attack in 1990 and is currently under trial. He is also facing trial for the [[1989 kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed|kidnapping of Rubaiyya Sayeed]]. He is currently lodged in [[Tihar Jail|Tihar jail]].
'''Yasin Malik''' (born 1966) is a Kashmiri separatist leader and former terrorist who advocates the separation of [[Kashmir]] from both [[India]] and [[Pakistan]].{{sfn|Bose|2003|p=126}} He is the Chairman of [[Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front]], which originally spearheaded armed militancy in the [[Kashmir Valley]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bose|2003|p=3}}: "In early 1990 a group of young men in the Kashmir Valley launched a guerrilla revolt against Indian rule under the banner of a movement calling itself the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF)."</ref> Malik renounced violence in 1994 and adopted [[Pacifism|peaceful methods]] to come to a settlement on the [[Kashmir conflict]].
 
He was the Chairman of [[Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front]], which originally spearheaded armed militancy in the [[Kashmir Valley]].{{efn|{{harvnb|Bose|2003|p=3}}: "In early 1990 a group of young men in the Kashmir Valley launched a guerrilla revolt against Indian rule under the banner of a movement calling itself the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF)."}} Malik renounced violence in 1994 and adopted [[Pacifism|peaceful methods]] to come to a settlement on the [[Kashmir conflict]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
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Malik states that, as a young boy, he had witnessed violence carried out on the streets by the security forces.{{sfn|Schofield|2003|p=139}} In 1980, after witnessing an altercation between the army and taxi drivers, he is said to have become a rebel. He formed a party called the ''Tala Party'', which formed a revolutionary front, printing and distributing political materials and causing disturbances. His group was involved in attempting to disrupt the [[West Indies cricket team in India in 1983–84|1983 cricket match with West Indies]] in the [[Sher-i-Kashmir Stadium]],<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/44/44098.html India v West Indies, Srinagar 1983-84]</ref> disturbing [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]] gatherings in Srinagar and protesting [[Maqbool Bhat]]'s execution. Malik was arrested and detained for four months.<ref name="Das Gupta p.130"/><ref name=Bhat/>
Malik states that, as a young boy, he had witnessed violence carried out on the streets by the security forces.{{sfn|Schofield|2003|p=139}} In 1980, after witnessing an altercation between the army and taxi drivers, he is said to have become a rebel. He formed a party called the ''Tala Party'', which formed a revolutionary front, printing and distributing political materials and causing disturbances. His group was involved in attempting to disrupt the [[West Indies cricket team in India in 1983–84|1983 cricket match with West Indies]] in the [[Sher-i-Kashmir Stadium]],<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/44/44098.html India v West Indies, Srinagar 1983-84]</ref> disturbing [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]] gatherings in Srinagar and protesting [[Maqbool Bhat]]'s execution. Malik was arrested and detained for four months.<ref name="Das Gupta p.130"/><ref name=Bhat/>


After getting released in 1986, the ''Tala Party'' was renamed the ''Islamic Students League'' (ISL), with Malik as the general secretary. The ISL became an important youth movement. Among its members were [[Ashfaq Majeed Wani]], Javed Mir, Mushtaq Ul Islam, Abdul Hameed Sheikh, Abdullah Bangroo and Ajaz Dar.<ref name="Das Gupta p.130">
After getting released in 1986, the ''Tala Party'' was renamed the ''Islamic Students League'' (ISL), with Malik as the general secretary. The ISL became an important youth movement. Among its members were [[Ashfaq Majeed Wani]], Javed Mir and Abdul Hameed Sheikh.{{efn|Other members were Mushtaq Ul Islam, Abdullah Bangroo, Ajaz Dar, Showkat Bakshi, Mehmood Sagar, Iqbal Gandroo, Noor Mohammad Kalwal, Firdous Shah, Shakeel Bakshi and Hilal A.&nbsp;War.<ref name="Das Gupta p.130">{{citation |last=Das Gupta |first=J. B.|title=Islamic Fundamentalism and India |date=2002 |publisher=Hope India Publications (for Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies) |location=Gurgaon |isbn=9788178710136}}
{{citation |last=Das Gupta |first=J. B.|title=Islamic Fundamentalism and India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CmWu_eEiqf0C&pg=PT130 |date=2002 |publisher= Hope India Publications (for Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies) |location=Gurgaon |isbn=978-1-61820-159-1 }}
</ref>{{sfn|Jamal|2009|loc=p. 279, note 15}}<ref name=Bhat/>}}
</ref><ref name=Bhat/>


==Politics==
==Politics==
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[[A. G. Noorani]], [http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1720/17200800.htm Contours of militancy], Frontline, 30 September 2000.
[[A. G. Noorani]], [http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1720/17200800.htm Contours of militancy], Frontline, 30 September 2000.
</ref> It did not contest any seats because it did not believe in the [[Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir|constitution]]. But it took responsibility for campaigning for the MUF in all Srinagar constituencies. According to a spokesman of the ''[[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir|Jamaat-e-Islami]]'', all the parties that joined in the MUF were either pro-independence or pro-self-determination.<ref name=Nabi>
</ref> It did not contest any seats because it did not believe in the [[Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir|constitution]]. But it took responsibility for campaigning for the MUF in all Srinagar constituencies. According to a spokesman of the ''[[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir|Jamaat-e-Islami]]'', all the parties that joined in the MUF were either pro-independence or pro-self-determination.<ref name=Nabi>
Daanish Bin Nabi, [http://www.risingkashmir.com/news/the-23rd-march-1987-the-day-that-changed-kashmir-as-never-before The 23 March 1987, the day that changed Kashmir as never before], Rising Kashmir, 5 August 2015.
Daanish Bin Nabi, [http://www.risingkashmir.com/news/the-23rd-march-1987-the-day-that-changed-kashmir-as-never-before The 23rd March 1987, the day that changed Kashmir as never before], Rising Kashmir, 5 August 2015.
</ref><ref name=Bhat>
</ref><ref name=Bhat>
Saima Bhat,  [http://www.kashmirlife.net/battleground-amira-kadal-issue-01-vol-08-100167/Battleground Battleground Amira Kadal], Kashmir Life, 24 March 2016.
Saima Bhat,  [http://www.kashmirlife.net/battleground-amira-kadal-issue-01-vol-08-100167/Battleground Battleground Amira Kadal], Kashmir Life, 24 March 2016.
</ref> According to another ''Jamaat'' member, the ISL was recruited into the MUF to provide "street power" to counter the "hooliganism" of the National Conference, the ruling party.<ref name=Bhat/>
</ref> According to another ''Jamaat'' member, the ISL was recruited into the MUF to provide "street power" to counter the "hooliganism" of the National Conference, the ruling party.<ref name=Bhat/>


Malik campaigned for the MUF candidate [[Sayeed Salahudeen|Mohammad Yusuf Shah]] who stood for the [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1987 elections]] from [[Amira Kadal|Amirakadal]], [[Srinagar]]. Scholar [[Sumantra Bose]] states that, as the vote counting began, it became clear that Yusuf Shah was winning by a landslide. However, the opposing National Conference candidate Ghulam Mohiuddin Shah was declared the winner. Yusuf Shah as well as Yasin Malik were arrested by the police and imprisoned until the end of 1987 without a formal charge, court appearance or a trial. Widespread rigging and "booth-capturing" in the elections were reported. The police refused to listen to any complaint. The National Conference-Congress alliance was declared the winner with 62 seats in the Assembly, and formed the government.{{sfn|Bose|2003|pp=47-49}}
Malik campaigned for the MUF candidate [[Sayeed Salahudeen|Mohammad Yusuf Shah]] who stood for the [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1987 elections]] from [[Amira Kadal|Amirakadal]], [[Srinagar]]. Scholar [[Sumantra Bose]] states that, as the vote counting began, it became clear that Yusuf Shah was winning by a landslide. However, the opposing National Conference candidate Ghulam Mohiuddin Shah was declared the winner. Yusuf Shah as well as Yasin Malik were arrested by the police and imprisoned until the end of 1987 without a formal charge, court appearance or a trial. Widespread rigging and "booth-capturing" in the elections were reported, which, were reportedly carried out by the National Conference leader [[Farooq Abdullah]] in connivance with the Government of India.<ref>Inpreet Kaur, ''Warring over Peace in Kashmir'' in {{harvtxt|Sidhu|Asif|Samii|2000|p=13}}, quoted in {{harvnb|Timothy D. Sisk|2009|p=171}}</ref> The police refused to listen to any complaint. The National Conference-Congress alliance was declared the winner with 62 seats in the Assembly, and formed the government.{{sfn|Bose|2003|pp=47-49}}


The rigged election of 1987 is seen by most scholars as the trigger for [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|Kashmir insurgency]].{{sfn|Schofield|2003|p=138}}{{sfn|Bose|2003|p=50}} Malik disagrees. "Let me clear it, rigging in 1987 elections didn’t result in armed militancy. We were there even before 1987," he says.<ref name=Bhat/>
The rigged election of 1987 is seen by most scholars as the trigger for [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|Kashmir insurgency]].{{sfn|Schofield|2003|p=138}}{{sfn|Bose|2003|p=50}} Malik disagrees. "Let me clear it, rigging in 1987 elections didn’t result in armed militancy. We were there even before 1987," he says.<ref name=Bhat/>


==Militancy==
==Militancy==
After release from prison, Yusuf Shah called himself "[[Sayeed Salahudeen|Syed Salahuddin]]" and became a guerrilla fighter, eventually becoming the commander-in-chief of the [[Hizb-ul-Mujahideen]]. Yasin Malik crossed over to the Pakistan-administered [[Azad Kashmir|Kashmir]] to receive training at camps situated there.{{efn|{{harvnb|Bose|2003|p=3}}: "The JKLF nucleus in IJK [Indian Jammu and Kashmir] had received weapons and training from a JKLF organization located across the border in AJK [Azad Jammu and Kashmir], as well as from Pakistani military agencies."}} He returned to the Kashmir Valley in 1989 as a core member of the [[Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front]] (JKLF), declaring his goal as the independence for the entirety of the former princely state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].{{sfn|Bose|2003|pp=49-50}}
After release from prison, Yasin Malik crossed over to the [[Azad Kashmir|Pakistan-administered Kashmir]] to receive training at camps situated there.<ref>{{harvnb|Bose|2003|p=3}}: "The JKLF nucleus in IJK [Indian Jammu and Kashmir] had received weapons and training from a JKLF organization located across the border in AJK [Azad Jammu and Kashmir], as well as from Pakistani military agencies."</ref> He returned to the Kashmir Valley in 1989 as a core member of the [[Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front]] (JKLF), declaring his goal as the independence for the entirety of the former princely state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].{{sfn|Bose|2003|pp=49-50}}


Yasin Malik, along with Hamid Sheikh, [[Ashfaq Majeed Wani|Ashfaq Wani]] and Javed Ahmad Mir, formed the core group — dubbed the "HAJY" group — of the JKLF militants returning with arms and training received in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. They were said to have been "stunned" by the enthusiastic response to their call for independence in the Kashmir Valley. They waged a guerrilla war with the Indian security forces, [[1989 kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed|kidnapping Rubiya Sayeed]], the daughter of Indian Home Minister [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]], and targeting attacks on the government and security officials.
Yasin Malik, along with Hamid Sheikh, [[Ashfaq Majeed Wani|Ashfaq Wani]] and Javed Ahmad Mir, formed the core group — dubbed the "HAJY" group — of the JKLF militants returning with arms and training received in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. They were said to have been "stunned" by the enthusiastic response to their call for independence in the Kashmir Valley. They waged a guerrilla war with the Indian security forces, [[1989 kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed|kidnapping Rubiya Sayeed]], the daughter of Indian Home Minister [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]], and targeting attacks on the government and security officials.


In March 1990, Ashfaq Wani was killed in a battle with Indian security forces. In August 1990, Yasin Malik was captured in a wounded condition. He was imprisoned until May 1994. Hamid Sheikh was also captured in 1992 but released by the [[Border Security Force]] to counteract the pro-Pakistan guerrillas. By 1992, the majority of the JKLF militants were killed or captured and they were yielding ground to pro-Pakistan guerilla groups such as the [[Hizbul Mujahideen|Hizb-ul-Mujahideen]], strongly promoted by the Pakistani military authorities. Further encroachment by pan-Islamist fighters infiltrating into the Valley from Pakistan changed the colour of the insurgency. Pakistan is said to have ceased its financial support to the JKLF because the JKLF did not support Kashmir's integration with Pakistan.{{sfn|Bose|2003|pp=3-4, 128-129}}{{sfn|Bhatnagar|2009|pp=8-9}}
In March 1990, Ashfaq Wani was killed in a battle with Indian security forces. In August 1990, Yasin Malik was captured in a wounded condition. He was imprisoned until May 1994. Hamid Sheikh was also captured in 1992 but released by the [[Border Security Force]] to counteract the pro-Pakistan guerrillas. By 1992, the majority of the JKLF militants were killed or captured and they were yielding ground to pro-Pakistan guerilla groups such as the [[Hizbul Mujahideen]], strongly promoted by the Pakistani military authorities. Further encroachment by pan-Islamist fighters infiltrating into the Valley from Pakistan changed the colour of the insurgency. Pakistan is said to have ceased its financial support to the JKLF because the JKLF did not support Kashmir's integration with Pakistan.{{sfn|Bose|2003|pp=3-4, 128-129}}{{sfn|Bhatnagar|2009|pp=8-9}}


After release from prison on bail in May 1994,{{sfn|Schofield|2003|p=166}} Yasin Malik declared an indefinite ceasefire of the JKLF. However, according to him, JKLF still lost a hundred activists to Indian operations. Independent journalists mentioned three hundred activists were killed. They were said to have been compromised by Hizb-ul-Mujahideen members, who informed their whereabouts to the security forces.{{sfn|Bose|2003|p=130}}
After release from prison on bail in May 1994,{{sfn|Schofield|2003|p=166}} Yasin Malik declared an indefinite ceasefire of the JKLF. However, he says that JKLF still lost a hundred activists to Indian operations. Independent journalists mentioned three hundred activists were killed. They were said to have been compromised by Hizb-ul-Mujahideen members, who informed their whereabouts to the Indian security forces.{{sfn|Bose|2003|p=130}}


Malik renounced violence and adopted a [[Gandhian Movement|Gandhian]] non-violent struggle for independence. He expressed a desire for a "democratic approach" involving the "true representatives" of Jammu and Kashmir.{{sfn|Bhatnagar|2009|p=9}} He offered political negotiations, but insisted they must be tripartite with both Indian and Pakistani governments and should cover the [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|entire state]] of Jammu and Kashmir. This was unacceptable to the Indian government.{{sfn|Schofield|2003|p=174}} In the Spring of 1995, Malik protested the holding of [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|Legislative Assembly elections]] in 1995 and threatened to immolate himself. He contended that the Indian government has "thrust this election process" on the Kashmiris just as a display of democracy.{{sfn|Schofield|2003|p=166}}
Malik renounced violence and adopted a [[Gandhian Movement|Gandhian]] non-violent struggle for independence. He expressed a desire for a "democratic approach" involving the "true representatives" of Jammu and Kashmir.{{sfn|Bhatnagar|2009|p=9}} He offered political negotiations, but insisted that they must be tripartite with both Indian and Pakistani governments, and should cover the [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|entire state]] of Jammu and Kashmir. This was not acceptable to the Indian government.{{sfn|Schofield|2003|p=174}} In the Spring of 1995, Malik protested the holding of [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|Legislative Assembly elections]] and threatened to immolate himself. He contended that the Indian government has "thrust this election process" on the Kashmiris just as a display of democracy.{{sfn|Schofield|2003|p=166}}


Yasin Malik's peaceful struggle was unacceptable to the leadership of JKLF in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. At the end of 1995, [[Amanullah Khan (JKLF)|Amanullah Khan]], the founder of JKLF, removed Malik as the president of JKLF. In return, Malik expelled Khan from the chairmanship. Thus JKLF had split into two factions. [[Victoria Schofield]] states that the [[Pakistan]] government recognised Yasin Malik as the leader of JKLF, which further complicated the situation.{{sfn|Schofield|2003|pp=174-175}}
Yasin Malik's peaceful struggle was unacceptable to the leadership of JKLF in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. At the end of 1995, [[Amanullah Khan (JKLF)|Amanullah Khan]], the founder chairman of JKLF, removed Malik as the president of JKLF. In return, Malik expelled Khan from chairmanship. Thus JKLF had split into two factions. [[Victoria Schofield]] states that the [[Pakistan]] government recognised Yasin Malik as the leader of JKLF, which further complicated the situation.{{sfn|Schofield|2003|pp=174-175}}


==Recent developments==
==Recent developments==
In October 1999, Malik was arrested by Indian Authorities under the [[Public Safety Act]] (PSA) and was again arrested on 26 March 2002 under the [[Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002|Prevention of Terrorism Act]]; he was detained for almost a year.
In October 1999, Malik was arrested by Indian Authorities under the [[Public Safety Act]] (PSA) and was again arrested on 26 March 2002 under the [[Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002|Prevention of Terrorism Act]]; he was detained for almost a year.


In recent times{{When|date=March 2020}}, Malik has had one-on-one meetings with [[President of Pakistan]], Prime Minister of Pakistan, Prime Minister of India and other world leaders.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8400176.stm |title=Kashmir conflict 'unfinished business' |publisher=BBC News |date=2009-12-08 |access-date=2013-03-10}}</ref> In 2007, Malik and his party launched a campaign known as ''Safar-i-Azadi'' (Journey of Freedom).<ref name="koshur1">{{cite web|url=http://www.koshur.org/music/video/politics.html |title=KOSHUR MUSIC: A Collection of Kashmiri Music, Devotional Songs and Prayers for Kashmiri Pandit Festivals |publisher=Koshur.org |access-date=2013-03-10}}</ref> His journeys to meet some select world leaders was to create an atmosphere of anti-Indian sentiment among the public; which had lasted for over one year. During this time Yasin Malik and his colleagues visited about 3,500 towns and villages of Kashmir promoting an anti-Indian stance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zeenews.com/news594718.html |title=Yasin Malik heckled by protestors in Delhi |publisher=Zeenews.com |date=2010-01-11 |access-date=2013-03-10}}</ref>
In recent times{{When|date=March 2020}}, Malik has had one-on-one meetings with [[President of Pakistan]], Prime Minister of Pakistan, Prime Minister of India and other world leaders.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8400176.stm |title=Kashmir conflict 'unfinished business' |publisher=BBC News |date=2009-12-08 }}</ref> In 2007, Malik and his party launched a campaign known as ''Safar-i-Azadi'' (Journey of Freedom).<ref name="koshur1">{{cite web |url=http://www.koshur.org/music/video/politics.html |title=KOSHUR MUSIC: A Collection of Kashmiri Music, Devotional Songs and Prayers for Kashmiri Pandit Festivals |publisher=Koshur.org |access-date=2013-03-10}}</ref> His journeys to meet some select world leaders was to create an atmosphere of anti-Indian sentiment among the public; which had lasted for over one year. During this time Yasin Malik and his colleagues visited about 3,500 towns and villages of Kashmir promoting an anti-Indian stance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zeenews.com/news594718.html |title=Yasin Malik heckled by protestors in Delhi |publisher=Zeenews.com |date=2010-01-11 }}</ref>
 
In 2005, a rival faction of Yasin Malik inside JKLF formed a separate organisation "JKLF(R)". Javed Mir is its convener.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/84588/ |title=Malik under fire, rebels call for 'less autocratic' JKLF |publisher=Indianexpress.com |date=2005-12-24 }}</ref>


In 2005, a rival faction of Yasin Malik inside JKLF formed a separate organisation "JKLF(R)". Javed Mir is its convener.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/84588/ |title=Malik under fire, rebels call for 'less autocratic' JKLF |publisher=Indianexpress.com |date=2005-12-24 |access-date=2013-03-10}}</ref>
In February 2013, Yasin Malik shared the dais with the banned Lashker-e-Taiba chief [[Hafiz Muhammad Saeed]] at a protest in Islamabad,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-09/india/37580678_1_yasin-malik-fresh-passport-passport-norms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140207074538/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-09/india/37580678_1_yasin-malik-fresh-passport-passport-norms |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-02-07 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=After meeting Lashkar's Hafiz Saeed, 'unfazed' Yasin Malik arrives home}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-11/india/37038484_1_afzal-guru-yasin-malik-home-ministry |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140207074610/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-11/india/37038484_1_afzal-guru-yasin-malik-home-ministry |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-02-07 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Yasin Malik shares dais with LeT chief Hafiz Saeed in Pakistan}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-10/india/37598008_1_kashmir-liberation-front-chairman-passport-yasin-malik |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140207074556/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-10/india/37598008_1_kashmir-liberation-front-chairman-passport-yasin-malik |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-02-07 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Govt may block Yasin Malik's passport for sharing stage with Hafiz Saeed}}</ref> which was condemned by many commentators, including Muslim bodies.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-muslim-body-condemns-yasin-maliks-sharing-of-dais-with-hafiz-saeed-1799274 |title=Muslim body condemns Yasin Malik's sharing of dais with Hafiz Saeed |date=12 February 2013}}</ref>


In February 2013, Yasin Malik shared the dais with the banned Lashker-e-Taiba chief [[Hafiz Muhammad Saeed]] at a protest in Islamabad,<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-09/india/37580678_1_yasin-malik-fresh-passport-passport-norms | archive-url=https://archive.today/20140207074538/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-09/india/37580678_1_yasin-malik-fresh-passport-passport-norms | url-status=dead | archive-date=2014-02-07 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=After meeting Lashkar's Hafiz Saeed, 'unfazed' Yasin Malik arrives home}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-11/india/37038484_1_afzal-guru-yasin-malik-home-ministry | archive-url=https://archive.today/20140207074610/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-11/india/37038484_1_afzal-guru-yasin-malik-home-ministry | url-status=dead | archive-date=2014-02-07 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Yasin Malik shares dais with LeT chief Hafiz Saeed in Pakistan}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-10/india/37598008_1_kashmir-liberation-front-chairman-passport-yasin-malik | archive-url=https://archive.today/20140207074556/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-10/india/37598008_1_kashmir-liberation-front-chairman-passport-yasin-malik | url-status=dead | archive-date=2014-02-07 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Govt may block Yasin Malik's passport for sharing stage with Hafiz Saeed}}</ref> which was condemned by many commentators, including Muslim bodies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-muslim-body-condemns-yasin-maliks-sharing-of-dais-with-hafiz-saeed-1799274|title=Muslim body condemns Yasin Malik's sharing of dais with Hafiz Saeed|date=12 February 2013}}</ref> On 4 December 2013, JKLF claimed that Malik was thrown out of a hotel in [[New Delhi]] with his wife and 18-month-old daughter due to his political Ideology of [[separatism]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-02/india/44656123_1_jklf-hotel-management-mohammad-yasin-malik | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205055556/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-02/india/44656123_1_jklf-hotel-management-mohammad-yasin-malik | url-status=dead | archive-date=2013-12-05 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Yasin Malik, family thrown out of hotel in Delhi: JKLF}}</ref> On 12 January 2016, Yasin Malik wrote a letter to Pakistan Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]], opposing [[Gilgit-Baltistan|Gilgit-Baltistan's]] merger with [[Pakistan]].<ref>http://onlykashmir.in/yasin-malik-writes-nawaz-sharif-opposes-gilgit-baltistan-merger/</ref>
On 4 December 2013, JKLF claimed that Malik was thrown out of a hotel in [[New Delhi]] with his wife and 18-month-old daughter due to his political Ideology of [[separatism]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-02/india/44656123_1_jklf-hotel-management-mohammad-yasin-malik |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205055556/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-02/india/44656123_1_jklf-hotel-management-mohammad-yasin-malik |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-12-05 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Yasin Malik, family thrown out of hotel in Delhi: JKLF}}</ref> On 12 January 2016, Yasin Malik wrote a letter to Pakistan Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]], opposing [[Gilgit-Baltistan |Gilgit-Baltistan's]] merger with [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://onlykashmir.in/yasin-malik-writes-nawaz-sharif-opposes-gilgit-baltistan-merger/ |title=Yasin Malik writes Nawaz Sharif, opposes Gilgit-Baltistan merger |website=Only Kashmir |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303024515/http://onlykashmir.in/yasin-malik-writes-nawaz-sharif-opposes-gilgit-baltistan-merger/ |archive-date=2016-03-03}} </ref>


Yasin Malik is facing trial for the [[1989 kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed|kidnapping of Rubaiyya Sayeed]] and the subsequent exchange of five militants.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/30-years-after-4-iaf-men-s-murder-jklf-s-yasin-malik-6-others-charged/story-kQNXEfa3y7aIaAJkaadWRL.html|title=30 years after 4 IAF men's murder, JKLF's Yasin Malik, 6 others charged|date=2020-03-16|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2020-03-17}}</ref>
=== Charges for 1990 attack ===
In March 2020, Yasin Malik and six accomplices were charged under the [[Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act]] (TADA), the [[Arms Act, 1959|Arms Act 1959]] and [[Ranbir Penal Code]] for the attack on 40 [[Indian Air Force]] personnel in Rawalpora, [[Srinagar]] on 25 January 1990. During the attack four IAF personnel died. The trial is underway.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashiq |first=Peerzada |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jklf-chief-yasin-malik-charged-in-1990-case/article31084959.ece |title=JKLF chief Yasin Malik charged in 1990 case |date=2020-03-16 |work=The Hindu }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/yasin-malik-6-others-charged-for-1990-attack-on-40-indian-air-force-personnel-2195742 |title=Yasin Malik, 6 Others Charged For 1990 Attack On 40 Air Force Personnel |website=NDTV.com }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Yasin Malik is facing trial for the [[1989 kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed|kidnapping of Rubaiyya Sayeed]] and the subsequent exchange of five militants.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/30-years-after-4-iaf-men-s-murder-jklf-s-yasin-malik-6-others-charged/story-kQNXEfa3y7aIaAJkaadWRL.html |title=30 years after 4 IAF men's murder, JKLF's Yasin Malik, 6 others charged |date=2020-03-16 |website=Hindustan Times }}</ref>


=== Charge and trial for 1990 attack ===
=== 2017 terror funding case ===
In March 2020, Yasin Malik and six accomplices were charged under the [[Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act]] (TADA), the [[Arms Act, 1959|Arms Act 1959]] and [[Ranbir Penal Code]] for the attack on 40 [[Indian Air Force]] personnel in Rawalpora, [[Srinagar]] on 25 January 1990. During the attack four IAF personnel died. The trial is underway.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ashiq|first=Peerzada|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jklf-chief-yasin-malik-charged-in-1990-case/article31084959.ece|title=JKLF chief Yasin Malik charged in 1990 case|date=2020-03-16|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-03-17|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/yasin-malik-6-others-charged-for-1990-attack-on-40-indian-air-force-personnel-2195742|title=Yasin Malik, 6 Others Charged For 1990 Attack On 40 Air Force Personnel|website=NDTV.com|access-date=2020-03-17}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
In 2017, the [[National Investigation Agency]] registered a case of terror funding against various separatist leaders, and named Yasin Malik and four others in a charge sheet filed in 2019.{{efn|The others named were [[Shabir Shah]], [[Asiya Andrabi]], [[Masarat Alam Bhat]] and [[Engineer Rashid]].}} The agency charged them with receiving funds from Pakistan to carry out terrorist activities and stone-pelting during the Kashmir unrest, especially in [[2010 Kashmir unrest|2010]] and [[2016 Kashmir unrest|2016]].<ref name="Statesman 2019">
[https://www.thestatesman.com/india/yasin-malik-4-others-named-in-nia-terror-funding-chargesheet-accused-of-linked-to-saeed-1502806703.html Yasin Malik, 4 others named in NIA terror funding chargesheet, accused of linked to Saeed], The Statesman (India), 4 October 2019.
</ref>
In March 2022, a Delhi court reviewed the evidence, and ordered framing of charges against Yasin Malik and others under the stringent [[UAPA]] and Indian Penal Code. The judge observed there was ''prima facie'' evidence that the acused were direct recipients of terror funds, mainly from Pakistan, with which they shared goals. The court saw a criminal conspiracy for organising large-scale protests, resulting in violence and arson at a massive scale.<ref>
PTI, [https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/delhi-court-orders-framing-of-charge-against-yasin-malik-hafiz-saeed-others/article65243011.ece Delhi court orders framing of charge against Yasin Malik, Hafiz Saeed, others], The Hindu, 20 March 2022.
</ref>
 
On 10 May 2022, Malik pled guilty of the charges framed against him. Malik chose not to have a lawyer represent him and was appearing for himself. The court appointed an [[amicus curiae]] to explain the charges to Malik and make him understand the consequences. Malik confirmed to the amicus that he did not want to contest the charges and that he was ready to face whatever was in store for him.<ref>
Ananya Bharadwaj, [https://theprint.in/india/ready-to-face-whatevers-next-what-yasin-malik-said-about-guilty-plea-in-terror-funding-case/951860/ ‘Ready to face whatever’s next’: What Yasin Malik said about guilty plea in terror-funding case], The Print, 11 May 2022.
</ref>


== Personal life ==
== Personal life ==
In 2009 Yasin Malik married Pakistani artist Mushaal Hussein Mullick. They became parents to a girl named Raziyah Sultana in March 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/yasin-maliks-pakistani-wife-gives-birth-to-baby-girl/929480/|title=Yasin Malik's Pakistani wife gives birth to baby girl|work=indianexpress.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/4389178/Militant-Kashmiri-leader-Yasin-Malik-to-marry-racy-artist-Mushaal-Mullick.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | first=Dean | last=Nelson | title=Militant Kashmiri leader Yasin Malik to marry racy artist Mushaal Mullick | date=2009-01-30}}</ref> Malik had completed his graduation from S.P College Srinagar and also claims that most of his knowledge has been acquired by self-taught methods while he served his time in various jails. Malik loves the poetry of [[Muhammad Iqbal|Allama Iqbal]] and the writings of Imam Gazali.<ref>{{cite news| title=Yasin Malik interview on BBC Hardtalk |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/cta/progs/01/hardtalk/malik17jul.ram | work=BBC News}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}
In 2009 Yasin Malik married Pakistani artist Mushaal Hussein Mullick. They became parents to a girl named Raziyah Sultana in March 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/yasin-maliks-pakistani-wife-gives-birth-to-baby-girl/929480/ |title=Yasin Malik's Pakistani wife gives birth to baby girl |work=indianexpress.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/4389178/Militant-Kashmiri-leader-Yasin-Malik-to-marry-racy-artist-Mushaal-Mullick.html |location=London |work=The Daily Telegraph |first=Dean |last=Nelson |title=Militant Kashmiri leader Yasin Malik to marry racy artist Mushaal Mullick |date=2009-01-30}}</ref> Malik had completed his graduation from S.P College Srinagar and also claims that most of his knowledge has been acquired by self-taught methods while he served his time in various jails. Malik loves the poetry of [[Muhammad Iqbal|Allama Iqbal]] and the writings of Imam Gazali.<ref>{{cite news| title=Yasin Malik interview on BBC Hardtalk |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/cta/progs/01/hardtalk/malik17jul.ram | work=BBC News}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}


==See also==
==See also==
Line 81: Line 89:


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
{{notelist}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin|33em}}
* {{citation |last=Bhatnagar |first=Gaurav |title=The Islamicization of Politics: Motivations for Violence in Kashmir |journal=The Journal of Politics and Society |volume=20 |number=1 |year=2009 |pages=1–20 |url=http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/download/fedora_content/download/ac:170240/CONTENT/2009_Bhatnagar.pdf}}
* {{citation |last=Bhatnagar |first=Gaurav |title=The Islamicization of Politics: Motivations for Violence in Kashmir |journal=The Journal of Politics and Society |volume=20 |number=1 |year=2009 |pages=1–20 |url=http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/download/fedora_content/download/ac:170240/CONTENT/2009_Bhatnagar.pdf}}
* {{citation |first=Sumantra |last=Bose |author-link=Sumantra Bose |title=Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-674-01173-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ACMe9WBdNAC}}
* {{citation |first=Sumantra |last=Bose |author-link=Sumantra Bose |title=Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-674-01173-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ACMe9WBdNAC}}
* {{citation |last=Jamal |first=Arif |title=Shadow War: The Untold Story of Jihad in Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TNO5MAAACAAJ |year=2009 |publisher=Melville House |ISBN=978-1-933633-59-6}}
* {{citation |first=Victoria |last=Schofield |author-link=Victoria Schofield |title=Kashmir in Conflict |publisher=I. B. Taurus & Co |location=London and New York |year=2003 |orig-year=First published in 2000 |isbn=1860648983 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/00book584554548 }}
* {{citation |first=Victoria |last=Schofield |author-link=Victoria Schofield |title=Kashmir in Conflict |publisher=I. B. Taurus & Co |location=London and New York |year=2003 |orig-year=First published in 2000 |isbn=1860648983 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/00book584554548 }}
* {{citation |editor1-first=Waheguru Pal Singh |editor1-last=Sidhu |editor2-first=Bushra |editor2-last=Asif |editor3-first=Cyrus |editor3-last=Samii |title=Kashmir: New Voices, Nw Approaches |location=Boulder |publisher=Lynne Rienner |date=2000 |isbn=1588264084}}
* {{citation |editor1-first=Waheguru Pal Singh |editor1-last=Sidhu |editor2-first=Bushra |editor2-last=Asif |editor3-first=Cyrus |editor3-last=Samii |title=Kashmir: New Voices, Nw Approaches |location=Boulder |publisher=Lynne Rienner |date=2000 |isbn=1588264084}}
* {{citation |first=Timothy D. |last=Sisk |title=International Mediation in Civil Wars: Bargaining with Bullets |date=2009 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-13-402237-3 |ref={{sfnref|Timothy D. Sisk|2009}}}}
* {{citation |first=Timothy D. |last=Sisk |title=International Mediation in Civil Wars: Bargaining with Bullets |date=2009 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-13-402237-3 |ref={{sfnref|Timothy D. Sisk|2009}}}}
{{Refend}}
 
{{Kashmir separatist movement}}
== Further reading ==
* {{Cite news |others=PTI |date=Mar 20, 2022 |title=Court orders framing of charge against Yasin Malik, Hafiz Saeed, others |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/court-orders-framing-of-charge-against-yasin-malik-hafiz-saeed-others/articleshow/90334612.cms?from=mdr}}
* {{Cite news |others=PTI |date=2022-03-20 |title=Delhi court orders framing of charge against Yasin Malik, Hafiz Saeed, others |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/delhi-court-orders-framing-of-charge-against-yasin-malik-hafiz-saeed-others/article65243011.ece}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091026234837/http://geocities.com/jklf-kashmir/ JKLF Website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091026234837/http://geocities.com/jklf-kashmir/ JKLF Website]


{{Kashmir separatist movement}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


Revision as of 19:09, 19 May 2022


Yasin Malik
President
Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front
Personal details
Born (1966-04-03) 3 April 1966 (age 60)
Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
NationalityIndian
Political partyJammu and Kashmir Liberation Front
Spouse(s)Mushaal Hussein Mullick

Yasin Malik (born 1966) is a Kashmiri separatist leader and former terrorist who advocates the separation of Kashmir from both India and Pakistan.[1] He is the Chairman of Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front, which originally spearheaded armed militancy in the Kashmir Valley.[2] Malik renounced violence in 1994 and adopted peaceful methods to come to a settlement on the Kashmir conflict.

Early life

Yasin Malik was born on 3 April 1966 in the densely populated Maisuma locality of Srinagar.[3][4]

Malik states that, as a young boy, he had witnessed violence carried out on the streets by the security forces.[5] In 1980, after witnessing an altercation between the army and taxi drivers, he is said to have become a rebel. He formed a party called the Tala Party, which formed a revolutionary front, printing and distributing political materials and causing disturbances. His group was involved in attempting to disrupt the 1983 cricket match with West Indies in the Sher-i-Kashmir Stadium,[6] disturbing National Conference gatherings in Srinagar and protesting Maqbool Bhat's execution. Malik was arrested and detained for four months.[7][8]

After getting released in 1986, the Tala Party was renamed the Islamic Students League (ISL), with Malik as the general secretary. The ISL became an important youth movement. Among its members were Ashfaq Majeed Wani, Javed Mir and Abdul Hameed Sheikh.[lower-alpha 1]

Politics

In the run up to the Legislative Assembly elections in 1987, the Islamic Students League led by Yasin Malik joined the Muslim United Front (MUF).[7][10] It did not contest any seats because it did not believe in the constitution. But it took responsibility for campaigning for the MUF in all Srinagar constituencies. According to a spokesman of the Jamaat-e-Islami, all the parties that joined in the MUF were either pro-independence or pro-self-determination.[11][8] According to another Jamaat member, the ISL was recruited into the MUF to provide "street power" to counter the "hooliganism" of the National Conference, the ruling party.[8]

Malik campaigned for the MUF candidate Mohammad Yusuf Shah who stood for the 1987 elections from Amirakadal, Srinagar. Scholar Sumantra Bose states that, as the vote counting began, it became clear that Yusuf Shah was winning by a landslide. However, the opposing National Conference candidate Ghulam Mohiuddin Shah was declared the winner. Yusuf Shah as well as Yasin Malik were arrested by the police and imprisoned until the end of 1987 without a formal charge, court appearance or a trial. Widespread rigging and "booth-capturing" in the elections were reported, which, were reportedly carried out by the National Conference leader Farooq Abdullah in connivance with the Government of India.[12] The police refused to listen to any complaint. The National Conference-Congress alliance was declared the winner with 62 seats in the Assembly, and formed the government.[13]

The rigged election of 1987 is seen by most scholars as the trigger for Kashmir insurgency.[14][15] Malik disagrees. "Let me clear it, rigging in 1987 elections didn’t result in armed militancy. We were there even before 1987," he says.[8]

Militancy

After release from prison, Yasin Malik crossed over to the Pakistan-administered Kashmir to receive training at camps situated there.[16] He returned to the Kashmir Valley in 1989 as a core member of the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), declaring his goal as the independence for the entirety of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.[17]

Yasin Malik, along with Hamid Sheikh, Ashfaq Wani and Javed Ahmad Mir, formed the core group — dubbed the "HAJY" group — of the JKLF militants returning with arms and training received in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. They were said to have been "stunned" by the enthusiastic response to their call for independence in the Kashmir Valley. They waged a guerrilla war with the Indian security forces, kidnapping Rubiya Sayeed, the daughter of Indian Home Minister Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, and targeting attacks on the government and security officials.

In March 1990, Ashfaq Wani was killed in a battle with Indian security forces. In August 1990, Yasin Malik was captured in a wounded condition. He was imprisoned until May 1994. Hamid Sheikh was also captured in 1992 but released by the Border Security Force to counteract the pro-Pakistan guerrillas. By 1992, the majority of the JKLF militants were killed or captured and they were yielding ground to pro-Pakistan guerilla groups such as the Hizbul Mujahideen, strongly promoted by the Pakistani military authorities. Further encroachment by pan-Islamist fighters infiltrating into the Valley from Pakistan changed the colour of the insurgency. Pakistan is said to have ceased its financial support to the JKLF because the JKLF did not support Kashmir's integration with Pakistan.[18][19]

After release from prison on bail in May 1994,[20] Yasin Malik declared an indefinite ceasefire of the JKLF. However, he says that JKLF still lost a hundred activists to Indian operations. Independent journalists mentioned three hundred activists were killed. They were said to have been compromised by Hizb-ul-Mujahideen members, who informed their whereabouts to the Indian security forces.[21]

Malik renounced violence and adopted a Gandhian non-violent struggle for independence. He expressed a desire for a "democratic approach" involving the "true representatives" of Jammu and Kashmir.[22] He offered political negotiations, but insisted that they must be tripartite with both Indian and Pakistani governments, and should cover the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir. This was not acceptable to the Indian government.[23] In the Spring of 1995, Malik protested the holding of Legislative Assembly elections and threatened to immolate himself. He contended that the Indian government has "thrust this election process" on the Kashmiris just as a display of democracy.[20]

Yasin Malik's peaceful struggle was unacceptable to the leadership of JKLF in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. At the end of 1995, Amanullah Khan, the founder chairman of JKLF, removed Malik as the president of JKLF. In return, Malik expelled Khan from chairmanship. Thus JKLF had split into two factions. Victoria Schofield states that the Pakistan government recognised Yasin Malik as the leader of JKLF, which further complicated the situation.[24]

Recent developments

In October 1999, Malik was arrested by Indian Authorities under the Public Safety Act (PSA) and was again arrested on 26 March 2002 under the Prevention of Terrorism Act; he was detained for almost a year.

In recent times[when?], Malik has had one-on-one meetings with President of Pakistan, Prime Minister of Pakistan, Prime Minister of India and other world leaders.[25] In 2007, Malik and his party launched a campaign known as Safar-i-Azadi (Journey of Freedom).[26] His journeys to meet some select world leaders was to create an atmosphere of anti-Indian sentiment among the public; which had lasted for over one year. During this time Yasin Malik and his colleagues visited about 3,500 towns and villages of Kashmir promoting an anti-Indian stance.[27]

In 2005, a rival faction of Yasin Malik inside JKLF formed a separate organisation "JKLF(R)". Javed Mir is its convener.[28]

In February 2013, Yasin Malik shared the dais with the banned Lashker-e-Taiba chief Hafiz Muhammad Saeed at a protest in Islamabad,[29][30][31] which was condemned by many commentators, including Muslim bodies.[32]

On 4 December 2013, JKLF claimed that Malik was thrown out of a hotel in New Delhi with his wife and 18-month-old daughter due to his political Ideology of separatism.[33] On 12 January 2016, Yasin Malik wrote a letter to Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, opposing Gilgit-Baltistan's merger with Pakistan.[34]

Charges for 1990 attack

In March 2020, Yasin Malik and six accomplices were charged under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA), the Arms Act 1959 and Ranbir Penal Code for the attack on 40 Indian Air Force personnel in Rawalpora, Srinagar on 25 January 1990. During the attack four IAF personnel died. The trial is underway.[35][36][37] Yasin Malik is facing trial for the kidnapping of Rubaiyya Sayeed and the subsequent exchange of five militants.[37]

2017 terror funding case

In 2017, the National Investigation Agency registered a case of terror funding against various separatist leaders, and named Yasin Malik and four others in a charge sheet filed in 2019.[lower-alpha 2] The agency charged them with receiving funds from Pakistan to carry out terrorist activities and stone-pelting during the Kashmir unrest, especially in 2010 and 2016.[38] In March 2022, a Delhi court reviewed the evidence, and ordered framing of charges against Yasin Malik and others under the stringent UAPA and Indian Penal Code. The judge observed there was prima facie evidence that the acused were direct recipients of terror funds, mainly from Pakistan, with which they shared goals. The court saw a criminal conspiracy for organising large-scale protests, resulting in violence and arson at a massive scale.[39]

On 10 May 2022, Malik pled guilty of the charges framed against him. Malik chose not to have a lawyer represent him and was appearing for himself. The court appointed an amicus curiae to explain the charges to Malik and make him understand the consequences. Malik confirmed to the amicus that he did not want to contest the charges and that he was ready to face whatever was in store for him.[40]

Personal life

In 2009 Yasin Malik married Pakistani artist Mushaal Hussein Mullick. They became parents to a girl named Raziyah Sultana in March 2012.[41][42] Malik had completed his graduation from S.P College Srinagar and also claims that most of his knowledge has been acquired by self-taught methods while he served his time in various jails. Malik loves the poetry of Allama Iqbal and the writings of Imam Gazali.[43][citation needed]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Other members were Mushtaq Ul Islam, Abdullah Bangroo, Ajaz Dar, Showkat Bakshi, Mehmood Sagar, Iqbal Gandroo, Noor Mohammad Kalwal, Firdous Shah, Shakeel Bakshi and Hilal A. War.[7][9][8]
  2. ↑ The others named were Shabir Shah, Asiya Andrabi, Masarat Alam Bhat and Engineer Rashid.

References

  1. ↑ Bose 2003, p. 126.
  2. ↑ Bose 2003, p. 3: "In early 1990 a group of young men in the Kashmir Valley launched a guerrilla revolt against Indian rule under the banner of a movement calling itself the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF)."
  3. ↑ Joshi, Arun (2004), Eyewitness Kashmir: Teetering on Nuclear War, Marshall Cavendish Academic, p. xxiv, ISBN 978-981-210-381-9
  4. ↑ Bose 2003, p. 49.
  5. ↑ Schofield 2003, p. 139.
  6. ↑ India v West Indies, Srinagar 1983-84
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Das Gupta, J. B. (2002), Islamic Fundamentalism and India, Gurgaon: Hope India Publications (for Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies), ISBN 9788178710136
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Saima Bhat, Battleground Amira Kadal, Kashmir Life, 24 March 2016.
  9. ↑ Jamal 2009, p. 279, note 15.
  10. ↑ A. G. Noorani, Contours of militancy, Frontline, 30 September 2000.
  11. ↑ Daanish Bin Nabi, The 23rd March 1987, the day that changed Kashmir as never before, Rising Kashmir, 5 August 2015.
  12. ↑ Inpreet Kaur, Warring over Peace in Kashmir in Sidhu, Asif & Samii (2000, p. 13), quoted in Timothy D. Sisk 2009, p. 171
  13. ↑ Bose 2003, pp. 47-49.
  14. ↑ Schofield 2003, p. 138.
  15. ↑ Bose 2003, p. 50.
  16. ↑ Bose 2003, p. 3: "The JKLF nucleus in IJK [Indian Jammu and Kashmir] had received weapons and training from a JKLF organization located across the border in AJK [Azad Jammu and Kashmir], as well as from Pakistani military agencies."
  17. ↑ Bose 2003, pp. 49-50.
  18. ↑ Bose 2003, pp. 3-4, 128-129.
  19. ↑ Bhatnagar 2009, pp. 8-9.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Schofield 2003, p. 166.
  21. ↑ Bose 2003, p. 130.
  22. ↑ Bhatnagar 2009, p. 9.
  23. ↑ Schofield 2003, p. 174.
  24. ↑ Schofield 2003, pp. 174-175.
  25. ↑ "Kashmir conflict 'unfinished business'". BBC News. 8 December 2009.
  26. ↑ "KOSHUR MUSIC: A Collection of Kashmiri Music, Devotional Songs and Prayers for Kashmiri Pandit Festivals". Koshur.org. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
  27. ↑ "Yasin Malik heckled by protestors in Delhi". Zeenews.com. 11 January 2010.
  28. ↑ "Malik under fire, rebels call for 'less autocratic' JKLF". Indianexpress.com. 24 December 2005.
  29. ↑ "After meeting Lashkar's Hafiz Saeed, 'unfazed' Yasin Malik arrives home". The Times of India.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  30. ↑ "Yasin Malik shares dais with LeT chief Hafiz Saeed in Pakistan". The Times of India.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  31. ↑ "Govt may block Yasin Malik's passport for sharing stage with Hafiz Saeed". The Times of India.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  32. ↑ "Muslim body condemns Yasin Malik's sharing of dais with Hafiz Saeed". 12 February 2013.
  33. ↑ "Yasin Malik, family thrown out of hotel in Delhi: JKLF". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 5 December 2013.
  34. ↑ "Yasin Malik writes Nawaz Sharif, opposes Gilgit-Baltistan merger". Only Kashmir. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
  35. ↑ Ashiq, Peerzada (16 March 2020). "JKLF chief Yasin Malik charged in 1990 case". The Hindu.
  36. ↑ "Yasin Malik, 6 Others Charged For 1990 Attack On 40 Air Force Personnel". NDTV.com.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 "30 years after 4 IAF men's murder, JKLF's Yasin Malik, 6 others charged". Hindustan Times. 16 March 2020.
  38. ↑ Yasin Malik, 4 others named in NIA terror funding chargesheet, accused of linked to Saeed, The Statesman (India), 4 October 2019.
  39. ↑ PTI, Delhi court orders framing of charge against Yasin Malik, Hafiz Saeed, others, The Hindu, 20 March 2022.
  40. ↑ Ananya Bharadwaj, ‘Ready to face whatever’s next’: What Yasin Malik said about guilty plea in terror-funding case, The Print, 11 May 2022.
  41. ↑ "Yasin Malik's Pakistani wife gives birth to baby girl". indianexpress.com.
  42. ↑ Nelson, Dean (30 January 2009). "Militant Kashmiri leader Yasin Malik to marry racy artist Mushaal Mullick". The Daily Telegraph. London.
  43. ↑ "Yasin Malik interview on BBC Hardtalk". BBC News.

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