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{{hatnote|This article is about the modern [[Scorpène-class submarine]] variant; see [[Kalvari-class submarine (1967)]] for its namesake [[Foxtrot-class submarine|Foxtrot-class]] predecessors.}} | {{hatnote|This article is about the modern [[Scorpène-class submarine]] variant; see [[Kalvari-class submarine (1967)]] for its namesake [[Foxtrot-class submarine|Foxtrot-class]] predecessors.}} | ||
{{EngvarB|date=May | {{EngvarB|date=May 2022}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=September | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}} | ||
{|{{Infobox ship begin | {|{{Infobox ship begin}} | ||
}} | |||
{{Infobox ship image | {{Infobox ship image | ||
| Ship image = INS Kalvari (S21) at sea.jpg | | Ship image = INS Kalvari (S21) at sea.jpg | ||
| Line 22: | Line 21: | ||
| In service range = | | In service range = | ||
| In commission range = 2017 – present | | In commission range = 2017 – present | ||
| Total ships planned = 6<ref>{{cite web|title=India Drops Plans to Add 3 More French Stealth Attack Submarines|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/09/india-drops-plans-to-add-3-more-french-stealth-attack-submarines/|website=The Diplomat|date=8 September 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908224543/https://thediplomat.com/2016/09/india-drops-plans-to-add-3-more-french-stealth-attack-submarines/|archive-date=8 September | | Total ships planned = 6<ref>{{cite web|title=India Drops Plans to Add 3 More French Stealth Attack Submarines|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/09/india-drops-plans-to-add-3-more-french-stealth-attack-submarines/|website=The Diplomat|date=8 September 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908224543/https://thediplomat.com/2016/09/india-drops-plans-to-add-3-more-french-stealth-attack-submarines/|archive-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> | ||
| Total ships completed = 5 | | Total ships completed = 5 | ||
| Total ships building = 1 | | Total ships building = 1 | ||
| Total ships cancelled = | | Total ships cancelled = | ||
| Total ships active = | | Total ships active = 5 | ||
| Total ships laid up = | | Total ships laid up = | ||
| Total ships lost = | | Total ships lost = | ||
| Line 36: | Line 35: | ||
| Header caption = | | Header caption = | ||
| Ship type = [[Attack submarine]] | | Ship type = [[Attack submarine]] | ||
| Ship displacement = *'''Surfaced''': {{convert|1615|t| | | Ship displacement = *'''Surfaced''': {{convert|1615|t|LT}} | ||
*'''Submerged''': {{convert|1775|t| | *'''Submerged''': {{convert|1775|t|LT}} | ||
| Ship length = {{convert|67.5|m| | | Ship length = {{convert|67.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="pib-13dec17"/> | ||
| Ship beam = {{convert|6.2|m| | | Ship beam = {{convert|6.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="jdw-7jun17">{{Cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/71202/india-s-second-scorp%E8ne-submarine-begins-sea-trials|title=India's second Scorpène submarine begins sea trials|last=Rahmat|first=Ridzwan|date=7 June 2017|work=Jane's Defence Weekly|archive-url=https://archive.today/20171228134807/http://www.janes.com/article/71202/india-s-second-scorp%E8ne-submarine-begins-sea-trials|archive-date=28 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
| Ship height = {{convert|12.3|m| | | Ship height = {{convert|12.3|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="pib-13dec17"/> | ||
| Ship draught = {{convert|5.8|m| | | Ship draught = {{convert|5.8|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="jdw-7jun17"/> | ||
| Ship propulsion = *4 x MTU 12V 396 SE84 diesel engines<ref name="jdw-7jun17"/> | | Ship propulsion = *4 x MTU 12V 396 SE84 diesel engines<ref name="jdw-7jun17"/> | ||
*360 x battery cells | *360 x battery cells | ||
* [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]] [[Phosphoric acid fuel cell|PAFC Fuel Cell]] AIP (Expected to be added in 2023 onwards) | * [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]] [[Phosphoric acid fuel cell|PAFC Fuel Cell]] AIP (Expected to be added in 2023 onwards) | ||
| Ship speed = *'''Surfaced''': {{convert|11|kn| | | Ship speed = *'''Surfaced''': {{convert|11|kn|lk=in}} | ||
*'''Submerged''': {{convert|20|kn | *'''Submerged''': {{convert|20|kn}} | ||
| Ship range = *{{convert|6500|nmi | | Ship range = *{{convert|6500|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|8|kn|abbr=on}} (surfaced) | ||
*{{convert|550|nmi | *{{convert|550|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn|abbr=on}} (submerged)<ref name="jfs-0506">{{cite book|editor1-last=Saunders|editor1-first=Stephen|editor1-mask=Commodore Stephen Saunders|title=Jane's Fighting Ships 2005-2006|date=2005|publisher=Jane's Information Group|location=Coulsdon|isbn=0710626924|page=308|edition=108th|chapter=India}}</ref> | ||
| Ship endurance = *50 days<ref>{{cite news|title=India, France to ink Scorpene deal|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-France-to-ink-Scorpene-deal/articleshow/1244394.cms|work=The Times of India|agency=PTI|date=27 September 2005|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430015518/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-France-to-ink-Scorpene-deal/articleshow/1244394.cms|archive-date=30 April | | Ship endurance = *50 days<ref>{{cite news|title=India, France to ink Scorpene deal|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-France-to-ink-Scorpene-deal/articleshow/1244394.cms|work=The Times of India|agency=PTI|date=27 September 2005|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430015518/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-France-to-ink-Scorpene-deal/articleshow/1244394.cms|archive-date=30 April 2022}}</ref> | ||
| Ship test depth = {{convert|350|m|ft}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.dcnsgroup.com/naval/products/scorpene |title=Scorpene 1000 |publisher=DCNS |access-date=8 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915164804/http://en.dcnsgroup.com/naval/products/scorpene/ |archive-date=15 September | | Ship test depth = {{convert|350|m|ft}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.dcnsgroup.com/naval/products/scorpene |title=Scorpene 1000 |publisher=DCNS |access-date=8 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915164804/http://en.dcnsgroup.com/naval/products/scorpene/ |archive-date=15 September 2022}}</ref> | ||
| Ship complement = *8 officers | | Ship complement = *8 officers | ||
*35 sailors | *35 sailors | ||
| Ship sensors = | | Ship sensors = | ||
| Ship EW = C303/S anti-torpedo countermeasure system<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bedi|first1=Rahul|title=India launches third Scorpène-class submarine|url=http://www.janes.com/article/77488/india-launches-third-scorp%E8ne-class-submarine|work=Jane's Defence Weekly|date=31 January 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180205200755/http://www.janes.com/article/77488/india-launches-third-scorp%E8ne-class-submarine|archive-date=5 February | | Ship EW = C303/S anti-torpedo countermeasure system<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bedi|first1=Rahul|title=India launches third Scorpène-class submarine|url=http://www.janes.com/article/77488/india-launches-third-scorp%E8ne-class-submarine|work=Jane's Defence Weekly|date=31 January 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180205200755/http://www.janes.com/article/77488/india-launches-third-scorp%E8ne-class-submarine|archive-date=5 February 2022}}</ref> | ||
| Ship armament = *6 x {{convert|533|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} [[torpedo tube]]s for 18 [[SUT torpedo]]es ''OR'' | | Ship armament = *6 x {{convert|533|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} [[torpedo tube]]s for 18 [[SUT torpedo]]es ''OR'' | ||
*SM.39 [[Exocet]] anti-ship missiles | *SM.39 [[Exocet]] anti-ship missiles | ||
*A3SM ([[MICA (missile)|MICA]]) anti-air missiles | |||
*30 [[Naval mine|mines]] in place of torpedoes | *30 [[Naval mine|mines]] in place of torpedoes | ||
| Ship armour = | | Ship armour = | ||
| Line 63: | Line 63: | ||
|} | |} | ||
The '''''Kalvari'' class''' is a [[ship class|class]] of [[diesel-electric]] [[attack submarine]]s based on the {{ | The '''''Kalvari'' class''' is a [[ship class|class]] of [[diesel-electric]] [[attack submarine]]s based on the {{sclass2|Scorpène|submarine|2}} being built for the [[Indian Navy]]. The class and submarines take their names from the first submarines inducted in the Indian Navy. The submarines are designed by French naval defence and energy company [[DCNS (company)|DCNS]] and are being manufactured by [[Mazagon Dock Limited]] in [[Mumbai]]. | ||
==Project history== | ==Project history== | ||
In 1997, Indian [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] approved a plan to acquire 24 submarines under Project 75. In 1998, India began negotiating with [[Naval Group|DCN]] for four Scorpène submarines with two to be built in [[Mazagon Dock Limited]] from knocked-down kits.<ref name="armada-2005">{{cite magazine|last=Saw|first=David|volume=29|issue=6|year=2005|pages=52–58|title=The World Submarine Situation|magazine=Armada International|location=Gurgaon|publisher=Media Transasia India Ltd|issn=0252-9793}}</ref> After the [[Kargil War]] in 1999, [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] approved a 30-year submarine building plan that called for two parallel production lines, each constructing six submarines. The older Project 75 was brought under the new plan, with the two production lines to be built under Project 75 and [[Project 75I-class submarine|Project 75I]] using transfer of technology from different foreign manufacturers.<ref name="tie-13nov15">{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Sushant|title=Explained: India's submarine story in deep waters, long way to go|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-indias-submarine-story-in-deep-waters-long-way-to-go/|work=The Indian Express|date=13 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215025434/http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-indias-submarine-story-in-deep-waters-long-way-to-go/|archive-date=15 February | In 1997, Indian [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] approved a plan to acquire 24 submarines under Project 75. In 1998, India began negotiating with [[Naval Group|DCN]] for four Scorpène submarines with two to be built in [[Mazagon Dock Limited]] from knocked-down kits.<ref name="armada-2005">{{cite magazine|last=Saw|first=David|volume=29|issue=6|year=2005|pages=52–58|title=The World Submarine Situation|magazine=Armada International|location=Gurgaon|publisher=Media Transasia India Ltd|issn=0252-9793}}</ref> After the [[Kargil War]] in 1999, [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] approved a 30-year submarine building plan that called for two parallel production lines, each constructing six submarines. The older Project 75 was brought under the new plan, with the two production lines to be built under Project 75 and [[Project 75I-class submarine|Project 75I]] using transfer of technology from different foreign manufacturers.<ref name="tie-13nov15">{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Sushant|title=Explained: India's submarine story in deep waters, long way to go|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-indias-submarine-story-in-deep-waters-long-way-to-go/|work=The Indian Express|date=13 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215025434/http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-indias-submarine-story-in-deep-waters-long-way-to-go/|archive-date=15 February 2022}}</ref> The negotiations were subsequently expanded to include Armaris, a joint venture of DCN and [[Thales Group|Thales]], for six submarines to be built in Mazagon Dock Limited.<ref name="armada-2005"/> | ||
On 6 October 2005, India signed a series of contracts for transfer of technology to construct six submarines in Mazagon Dock Limited with Armaris, supply of equipment and services with the Government of France and supply of [[Exocet|SM39 Exocet]] missiles with [[MBDA]]. DCN International was designated as the prime contractor in partnership with [[Navantia]]. Armaris was responsible for supply of combat systems and technical advisors for construction of submarines at MDL. The entire programme was valued at €2.4 billion.<ref name="miltech-2006">{{cite magazine|last=Mohanty|first=Deba|volume=30|issue=2|year=2006|pages=34–36|title=India and France Ink SCORPÈNE Deal|magazine=Military Technology|location=Bonne|publisher=Mönch Publishing Group|issn=0722-3226}}</ref> The deal included a 30% offset clause and the submarines were to be delivered over five years starting from 2012.<ref name="miltech-2006"/><ref name="thbl-20feb06">{{cite news|title=Envisaging more defence ties|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-others/tp-states/Envisaging-more-defence-ties/article20199367.ece|work=The Hindu Business Line|date=20 February 2006|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430015835/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-others/tp-states/Envisaging-more-defence-ties/article20199367.ece|archive-date=30 April | On 6 October 2005, India signed a series of contracts for transfer of technology to construct six submarines in Mazagon Dock Limited with Armaris, supply of equipment and services with the Government of France and supply of [[Exocet|SM39 Exocet]] missiles with [[MBDA]]. DCN International was designated as the prime contractor in partnership with [[Navantia]]. Armaris was responsible for supply of combat systems and technical advisors for construction of submarines at MDL. The entire programme was valued at €2.4 billion.<ref name="miltech-2006">{{cite magazine|last=Mohanty|first=Deba|volume=30|issue=2|year=2006|pages=34–36|title=India and France Ink SCORPÈNE Deal|magazine=Military Technology|location=Bonne|publisher=Mönch Publishing Group|issn=0722-3226}}</ref> The deal included a 30% offset clause and the submarines were to be delivered over five years starting from 2012.<ref name="miltech-2006"/><ref name="thbl-20feb06">{{cite news|title=Envisaging more defence ties|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-others/tp-states/Envisaging-more-defence-ties/article20199367.ece|work=The Hindu Business Line|date=20 February 2006|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430015835/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-others/tp-states/Envisaging-more-defence-ties/article20199367.ece|archive-date=30 April 2022}}</ref> The Scorpène design won the deal because of the capability to fire Exocet [[anti-ship missile]]s and an agreement on the [[air-independent propulsion]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defense-aerospace.com/article-view/feature/62798/exocet-missiles,-aip-swing-india-submarine-order.html |title=Exocet Missiles, AIP Swing India Submarine Order |publisher=defense-aerospace.com |date=13 September 2005 |access-date=8 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412183443/http://www.defense-aerospace.com/article-view/feature/62798/exocet-missiles,-aip-swing-india-submarine-order.html |archive-date=12 April 2022}}</ref> India cancelled plans to incorporate DRDO-developed air-independent propulsion system onto the last two submarines being built due to a delay in its development.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Peri|first1=Dinakar|title=Last two Scorpene submarines from Mazgaon Docks to join Navy without AIP system|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/scorpene-submarines-to-join-navy-without-aip-modules/article19104639.ece|work=The Hindu|date=19 June 2017|language=en-IN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624165216/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/scorpene-submarines-to-join-navy-without-aip-modules/article19104639.ece|archive-date=24 June 2022}}</ref> A plan to buy three more submarines under the options clause was cancelled in September 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Miglani|first1=Sanjeev|title=India shelves plan to expand French submarine order after data breach|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-france-submarines-idUSKCN1182F6|work=Reuters|date=22 September 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215083743/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-france-submarines-idUSKCN1182F6|archive-date=15 February 2022}}</ref> | ||
Steel cutting for the first submarine began on 14 December 2006 and hull construction was started on 23 May 2007.<ref name="pib-13dec17"/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Bhatt|first1=Arunkumar|title=Scorpene construction work begins in Mumbai|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/Scorpene-construction-work-begins-in-Mumbai/article14767981.ece|work=The Hindu|date=24 May 2007|language=en-IN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430015834/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/Scorpene-construction-work-begins-in-Mumbai/article14767981.ece|archive-date=30 April | Steel cutting for the first submarine began on 14 December 2006 and hull construction was started on 23 May 2007.<ref name="pib-13dec17"/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Bhatt|first1=Arunkumar|title=Scorpene construction work begins in Mumbai|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/Scorpene-construction-work-begins-in-Mumbai/article14767981.ece|work=The Hindu|date=24 May 2007|language=en-IN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430015834/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/Scorpene-construction-work-begins-in-Mumbai/article14767981.ece|archive-date=30 April 2022}}</ref> As of August 2014, the project was running four years behind schedule.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite news |url =http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Defence-minister-Arun-Jaitley-reviews-delayed-Scorpene-submarine-project/articleshow/41039868.cms |title =Defence minister Arun Jaitley reviews delayed Scorpene submarine project |date =28 August 2014 |access-date =8 April 2014 |work =The Times of India |last =Pandit |first =Ranjat |url-status =live |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140829015357/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Defence-minister-Arun-Jaitley-reviews-delayed-Scorpene-submarine-project/articleshow/41039868.cms |archive-date =29 August 2022}}</ref> The delay has been attributed to slow finalisation of contracts for procurement of sensors and propulsion system components by Mazagon Dock Limited and DCNS.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bedi|first1=Rahul|title=Indian Scorpene delivery faces further delays|journal=[[IHS Jane's Defence Weekly]]|date=19 June 2013|volume=50|issue=28|page=16|publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]]|location=Coulsdon|issn=2048-3430}}</ref> The first submarine, INS ''Kalvari'' (Malayalam: [[tiger shark]]), was launched on 28 October 2015 and commenced sea trials on 1 May 2016.<ref name="pib-13dec17"/> | ||
In June 2016, a plan to arm ''Kalvari''-class submarines with 98 [[Black Shark torpedo|Black Shark]] [[ | In June 2016, a plan to arm ''Kalvari''-class submarines with 98 [[Black Shark torpedo|Black Shark]] [[torpedo]]es from WASS was cancelled in response to [[2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal|corruption allegations]] against WASS's sister company, [[AgustaWestland]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Unnithan|first1=Sandeep|title=Contract for 98 Black Shark torpedoes scrapped, Indian nuclear submarine programme further delayed|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/torpedo-hits-nuclear-indian-submarine-programme-11707-2016-06-01|work=India Today|date=1 June 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215024017/https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/torpedo-hits-nuclear-indian-submarine-programme-11707-2016-06-01|archive-date=15 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="janes-3may16">{{cite web|last1=Bedi|first1=Rahul|url=http://www.janes.com/article/59944/india-s-first-scorpene-boat-begins-sea-trials-without-primary-weapons|title=India's first Scorpene boat begins sea trials without primary weapons|work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly|date=3 May 2016|access-date=5 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504102932/http://www.janes.com/article/59944/india-s-first-scorpene-boat-begins-sea-trials-without-primary-weapons|archive-date=4 May 2022}}</ref> The defense minister Manohar Parikkar under the NDA government, said that the torpedoes for the submarine will be procured from other companies.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/manohar-parrikar-agustawestland-bjp-two-years-anniversary-rafale-deal-defence-minister-defence-procurement-2815916/ |title=Manohar Parrikar interview: 'I believe in performance, not dressing up' |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=2017-01-02|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107014929/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/manohar-parrikar-agustawestland-bjp-two-years-anniversary-rafale-deal-defence-minister-defence-procurement-2815916/ |archive-date=7 November 2016 }}</ref> [[DM2A4|SeaHake]] torpedoes from Germany's [[Atlas Elektronik]] and France's [[F21 (torpedo)|F21]] torpedoes may be considered.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://businessworld.in/article/India-Has-Alternative-For-Finmeccanica-Torpedos-Says-Parrikar/29-05-2016-98541/ |title=India Has Alternative For Finmeccanica Torpedoes Says Parrikar |website=Businessworld.in |date=2016-05-29 |access-date=2017-01-02|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008141716/http://businessworld.in/article/India-Has-Alternative-For-Finmeccanica-Torpedos-Says-Parrikar/29-05-2016-98541/ |archive-date=8 October 2016 }}</ref> Indigenous torpedoes [[Varunastra (torpedo)|Varunastra]] under development by [[DRDO]] may also be used as replacements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/555157/drdo-gets-nod-make-torpedoes.html|title=DRDO gets nod to make torpedoes for Indian submarines|website=Deccan Herald|date=30 June 2016 |access-date=2016-07-18|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703105132/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/555157/drdo-gets-nod-make-torpedoes.html|archive-date=3 July 2022}}</ref> The submarines have been configured to fire Surface and Underwater Target (SUT) torpedoes for the time being.<ref name="jdw-14dec17"/> [[Naval Materials Research Laboratory]] (NMRL) of the DRDO is developing an indigenous [[air-independent propulsion]] (AIP) systems which will be installed during the first refit programme from 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/drdo-system-to-help-indian-navys-scorpene-submarines-stay-hidden-for-longer-periods20200210142542/|title=DRDO system to help Indian Navy's Scorpene submarines stay hidden for longer periods|website=www.aninews.in|language=en|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref> | ||
== Design and description == | == Design and description == | ||
The ''Kalvari'' class is capable of offensive operations across the entire spectrum of naval warfare including anti-surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare, intelligence gathering, mine laying and area surveillance.<ref name="pib-1may16"/> It has a length of {{Convert|67.5|m| | The ''Kalvari'' class is capable of offensive operations across the entire spectrum of naval warfare including anti-surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare, intelligence gathering, mine laying and area surveillance.<ref name="pib-1may16"/> It has a length of {{Convert|67.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, height of {{Convert|12.3|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, overall beam of {{Convert|6.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}} and a draught of {{Convert|5.8|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. It can reach a top speed of {{Convert|20|kn|lk=in}} when submerged and a maximum speed of {{Convert|11|kn}} when surfaced. The submarine has a range of {{Convert|6500|nmi|lk=in}} at {{Convert|8|kn}} when surfaced.<ref name="jdw-7jun17"/> Each ship is powered by four MTU 12V 396 SE84 diesel engines, has 360 battery cells ({{cvt|750|kg|disp=comma}} each), for power and has a silent Permanently Magnetised Propulsion Motor. The hull, fin and hydroplanes are designed for minimum underwater resistance and all equipment inside the pressure hull is mounted on shock absorbing cradles for enhanced stealth.<ref name="pib-13dec17">{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=174299|title=Curtain Raiser : Kalvari to be Commissioned Tomorrow at Mumbai|date=13 December 2017|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2017-12-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214071348/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=174299|archive-date=14 December 2022}}</ref> Special steel was used in its construction which has high tensile strength, capable of withstanding high yield stress and hydro-static force. Each submarine has {{cvt|60|km}} of cabling and {{cvt|11|km}} of piping.<ref name="pib-1may16">{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=143613|title=Maiden Sea Trial of Kalvari – First Scorpene Class Submarine|website=pib.nic.in|date=1 May 2016|access-date=2017-12-15|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215053934/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=143613|archive-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> The class displaces {{Convert|1615|tonnes|long ton|lk=on}} when surfaced and {{Convert|1775|tonnes|long ton|abbr=on}} when submerged.<ref name="jdw-14dec17">{{cite web|last1=Bedi|first1=Rahul|title=Indian Navy commissions first licence-built Scorpène-class submarine|url=http://www.janes.com/article/76404/indian-navy-commissions-first-licence-built-scorp%E8ne-class-submarine|work=Jane's Defence Weekly|archive-url=https://archive.today/20171228134046/http://www.janes.com/article/76404/indian-navy-commissions-first-licence-built-scorp%E8ne-class-submarine|archive-date=28 December 2017|url-status=live|date=14 December 2022}}</ref> | ||
This class is equipped with six 533 | This class is equipped with six {{cvt|533|mm|in|0}} torpedo tubes for a combination of 18 heavyweight wire-guided German-made Surface and Underwater Target (SUT) torpedoes and SM39 Exocet anti-ship missiles or 30 [[Naval mine|mines]] in place of both.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Bonsignore|first=Luca|volume=26|issue=1|year=2005|page=135|title="Carrera": The first real Spanish export-submarine floated|quote=18 torpedoes and missiles can be carried otherwise 30 mines.|magazine=Naval Forces|location=Aldershot|publisher=Monch Publications|issn=0722-8880}}</ref><ref name="jdw-22sep17">{{Cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/74325/mdl-delivers-first-of-six-scorp%E8ne-class-submarines-to-indian-navy|title=MDL delivers first of six Scorpène-class submarines to Indian Navy|last=Dominguez|first=Gabriel|date=22 September 2017|work=Jane's Defence Weekly|archive-url=https://archive.today/20171228135036/http://www.janes.com/article/74325/mdl-delivers-first-of-six-scorp%E8ne-class-submarines-to-indian-navy|archive-date=28 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The class is also fitted with mobile C303/S anti-torpedo decoys for self-defence.<ref name="janes-3may16"/><ref name="pib-13dec17"/> The weapon systems and sensors are integrated with Submarine Tactical Integrated Combat System (SUBTICS). It has a sonar system is capable of Low Frequency Analysis and Ranging (LOFAR) enabling long range detection and classification.<ref name="pib-13dec17"/> Each submarine has a complement of 8 officers and 35 sailors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=174311|title=Road to development in the 21st century goes through the Indian ocean – Shri Narendra Modi, Prime Minister|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2017-12-15|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215054021/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=174311|archive-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> | ||
==Ships of the class== | ==Ships of the class== | ||
{| style="font-size:97%;" class="wikitable" | {| style="font-size:97%;" class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 97: | Line 96: | ||
| rowspan="6" |[[Mazagon Dock Limited]] | | rowspan="6" |[[Mazagon Dock Limited]] | ||
| 27 October 2015<ref name="pib-13dec17"/> | | 27 October 2015<ref name="pib-13dec17"/> | ||
| 14 December 2017<ref>{{cite news|last1=Shukla|first1=Tarun|title=INS Kalvari, India's first Scorpene submarine, commissioned by Narendra Modi|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/uPIyd9PAN0KhwVJPbXHmOK/PM-Modi-commissions-Scorpeneclass-submarine-INS-Kalvari-int.html|work=Livemint|date=14 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302044720/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/uPIyd9PAN0KhwVJPbXHmOK/PM-Modi-commissions-Scorpeneclass-submarine-INS-Kalvari-int.html|archive-date=2 March | | 14 December 2017<ref>{{cite news|last1=Shukla|first1=Tarun|title=INS Kalvari, India's first Scorpene submarine, commissioned by Narendra Modi|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/uPIyd9PAN0KhwVJPbXHmOK/PM-Modi-commissions-Scorpeneclass-submarine-INS-Kalvari-int.html|work=Livemint|date=14 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302044720/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/uPIyd9PAN0KhwVJPbXHmOK/PM-Modi-commissions-Scorpeneclass-submarine-INS-Kalvari-int.html|archive-date=2 March 2022}}</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
| rowspan="4" | Active | | rowspan="4" | Active | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{INS|Khanderi|2017|2}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-20|title=INS Khanderi: A Scorpene class submarine, handed over to Navy|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/ins-khanderi-a-scorpene-class-submarine-handed-over-to-navy-1568961057-1|access-date=2020-11-12|website=Jagranjosh.com}}</ref> | | {{INS|Khanderi|2017|2}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-20|title=INS Khanderi: A Scorpene class submarine, handed over to Navy|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/ins-khanderi-a-scorpene-class-submarine-handed-over-to-navy-1568961057-1|access-date=2020-11-12|website=Jagranjosh.com}}</ref> | ||
| S22<ref>{{cite web |title=Submarines Active {{!}} Indian Navy |url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/submarines-active |website=indiannavy.nic.in |publisher=Indian Navy |access-date=18 October | | S22<ref>{{cite web |title=Submarines Active {{!}} Indian Navy |url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/submarines-active |website=indiannavy.nic.in |publisher=Indian Navy |access-date=18 October 2022}}</ref> | ||
| 11876 | | 11876 | ||
| 12 January 2017<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/second-scorpene-class-submarine-khanderi-to-be-launched-on-jan-12/articleshow/56421928.cms|title=Second Scorpene class submarine Khanderi to be launched on Jan 12|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=2017-01-09|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112194733/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/second-scorpene-class-submarine-khanderi-to-be-launched-on-jan-12/articleshow/56421928.cms|archive-date=12 January 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | | 12 January 2017<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/second-scorpene-class-submarine-khanderi-to-be-launched-on-jan-12/articleshow/56421928.cms|title=Second Scorpene class submarine Khanderi to be launched on Jan 12|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=2017-01-09|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112194733/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/second-scorpene-class-submarine-khanderi-to-be-launched-on-jan-12/articleshow/56421928.cms|archive-date=12 January 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | ||
| Line 111: | Line 110: | ||
| S23 | | S23 | ||
| 11877<ref>{{cite news |title=Third Scorpene-class submarine to be launched |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/656564/third-scorpene-class-submarine-launched.html |work=Deccan Herald |date=29 January 2018 |language=en}}</ref> | | 11877<ref>{{cite news |title=Third Scorpene-class submarine to be launched |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/656564/third-scorpene-class-submarine-launched.html |work=Deccan Herald |date=29 January 2018 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| 31 January 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=176011|title=Third Scorpene submarine 'Karanj' Launched at Mazagon Docks|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2018-01-31|date=2018-01-31|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201075149/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=176011|archive-date=1 February | | 31 January 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=176011|title=Third Scorpene submarine 'Karanj' Launched at Mazagon Docks|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2018-01-31|date=2018-01-31|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201075149/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=176011|archive-date=1 February 2022}}</ref> | ||
| 10 March 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1703732|title=INS Karanj - third Kalvari class Submarine commissioned at Naval Dockyard, Mumbai|publisher=PIB|date=10 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Manasvi Shanker|last=Sharma|date=11 March 2021|title=India commissions third Kalvari-class submarine|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/india-commissions-third-kalvari-class-submarine|access-date=2021-03-14|website=Janes|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| | | 10 March 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1703732|title=INS Karanj - third Kalvari class Submarine commissioned at Naval Dockyard, Mumbai|publisher=PIB|date=10 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Manasvi Shanker|last=Sharma|date=11 March 2021|title=India commissions third Kalvari-class submarine|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/india-commissions-third-kalvari-class-submarine|access-date=2021-03-14|website=Janes|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first1=Gabriel|last1=Dominguez|first2=Rahul|last2=Bedi|title=Indian Navy commissions third Kalvari (Scorpène)-class submarine|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indian-navy-commissions-third-kalvari-scorpene-class-submarine|access-date=2021-03-14|website=Janes|language=en}}</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{INS|Vela|S24|2}}<ref name="firepower">{{Cite news|last=Mahale|first=Ajeet|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ins-karanj-boosts-navys-firepower/article22613449.ece|title=INS Karanj boosts Navy's firepower|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2018-01-31|access-date=2018-01-31|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201134520/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ins-karanj-boosts-navys-firepower/article22613449.ece|archive-date=1 February | | {{INS|Vela|S24|2}}<ref name="firepower">{{Cite news|last=Mahale|first=Ajeet|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ins-karanj-boosts-navys-firepower/article22613449.ece|title=INS Karanj boosts Navy's firepower|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2018-01-31|access-date=2018-01-31|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201134520/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ins-karanj-boosts-navys-firepower/article22613449.ece|archive-date=1 February 2022}}</ref> | ||
| S24 | | S24 | ||
|11878<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/launch-fourth-scorpene-class-submarine-vela|date=6 May 2019|access-date=15 July 2019|title=Launch of Fourth Scorpene Class Submarine - Vela}}</ref> | |11878<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/launch-fourth-scorpene-class-submarine-vela|date=6 May 2019|access-date=15 July 2019|title=Launch of Fourth Scorpene Class Submarine - Vela}}</ref> | ||
|6 May 2019<ref name="vela-launch">{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/ins-vela-indian-navys-4th-scorpene-class-made-in-india-submarine-launched-extensive-trials-planned/1569295/|title=INS Vela: Indian Navy's 4th Scorpene-class made in India submarine launched|publisher=The Financial Express|access-date=6 May | |6 May 2019<ref name="vela-launch">{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/ins-vela-indian-navys-4th-scorpene-class-made-in-india-submarine-launched-extensive-trials-planned/1569295/|title=INS Vela: Indian Navy's 4th Scorpene-class made in India submarine launched|publisher=The Financial Express|access-date=6 May 2022}}</ref> | ||
| 25 November 2021 <ref>{{cite news|title=Navy commissions submarine INS Vela|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/navy-commissions-submarine-ins-vela/articleshow/87903126.cms}}</ref> | | 25 November 2021 <ref>{{cite news|title=Navy commissions submarine INS Vela|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/navy-commissions-submarine-ins-vela/articleshow/87903126.cms}}</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{INS|Vagir|S25|2}}<ref name="vagirlaunch">{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=India com News|date=2020-11-12|title=Indian Navy's Fifth Scorpene-Class Submarine INS Vagir Launched|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/scorpene-class-submarine-ins-vagir-launched-4208068/|access-date=2020-11-12|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com|language=en}}</ref> | |{{INS|Vagir|S25|2}}<ref name="vagirlaunch">{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=India com News|date=2020-11-12|title=Indian Navy's Fifth Scorpene-Class Submarine INS Vagir Launched|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/scorpene-class-submarine-ins-vagir-launched-4208068/|access-date=2020-11-12|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com|language=en}}</ref> | ||
|S25 | |S25 | ||
|11879<ref>{{cite tweet|user=navalgroup_IN|number=1326750164812402689|title=INS Vagir-fifth Kalvari class submarine in collaboration with navalgroup launched today|date=12 November | |11879<ref>{{cite tweet|user=navalgroup_IN|number=1326750164812402689|title=INS Vagir-fifth Kalvari class submarine in collaboration with navalgroup launched today|date=12 November 2022}}</ref> | ||
|12 November 2020<ref name="vagirlaunch"/> | |12 November 2020<ref name="vagirlaunch"/> | ||
| | |January 2023''(expected)''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/naval-news/naval-news-archive/2022/september/12188-indian-navy-to-receive-the-scorpene-class-submarine-vagir-in-december.html#:~:text=Indian%20Navy%20to%20receive%20the%20Scorpene%20class%20submarine%20V|title=Indian Navy to receive the Scorpene class submarine Vagir in December|website=www.navyrecognition.com|date=13 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="Jane's_Kalvari">{{cite news |last1=Dominguez |first1=Gabriel|last2=Bedi |first2=Rahul |title=Indian Navy commissions third Kalvari (Scorpène)-class submarine|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indian-navy-commissions-third-kalvari-scorpene-class-submarine |access-date=13 March 2021 |agency=Janes |date=10 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="Hindu_P75I">{{cite news |last1=Baggonkar |first1=Swaraj|title=India's ₹43,000 crore submarine project P-75I faces multiple delays |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/policy/indias-43000-crore-submarine-project-p-75i-faces-multiple-delays/article65068198.ece |access-date=26 March 2022 |work=The Hindu Business Line|date=20 February 2022}}</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
| | |Delivered<ref>{{Cite web |title=DELIVERY OF FIFTH SCORPENE SUBMARINE ‘VAGIR’ TO INDIAN NAVY |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1885173 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |{{INS|Vagsheer|S26|2}} | ||
| | |S26 | ||
| | |11880 | ||
| | |20 April 2022<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1818422|title=LAUNCH OF SIXTH SCORPENE SUBMARINE 'VAGSHEER' AT MAZAGON DOCK LIMITED (MDL), MUMBAI|publisher=PIB|date=2022-04-20}}</ref> | ||
|March 2024 ''(expected)''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/04/india-launches-its-sixth-and-final-scorpene-submarine/|title=India Launches Its Sixth And Final Scorpene Submarine|website=www.navalnews.com|date=20 April 2022}}</ref> | |||
| | | | ||
| | |Launched | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 146: | Line 145: | ||
|align= | |align= | ||
|File:First torpedo firing trials of INS Kalvari (S50) - 4.jpg | |File:First torpedo firing trials of INS Kalvari (S50) - 4.jpg | ||
|First torpedo firing trials of {{INS|Kalvari|S21}}. | |First torpedo firing trials of {{INS|Kalvari|S21|2}}. | ||
|File:INS Khanderi at sea.jpg | |File:INS Khanderi at sea.jpg | ||
|{{INS|Khanderi|2017}} at sea. | |{{INS|Khanderi|2017|2}} at sea. | ||
|File:INS Vela (S24) during sea trials.jpg | |File:INS Vela (S24) during sea trials.jpg | ||
|{{INS|Vela|S24}} during sea trials. | |{{INS|Vela|S24|2}} during sea trials. | ||
|File:Vagir submarine during its maiden sea trials.jpg | |||
|{{INS|Vagir|S25|2}} during its maiden sea sortie. | |||
|File:Yard 11880, Vagsheer, the 6th and last submarine of Kalvari class launched.jpg | |||
|{{INS|Vagsheer|S26|2}} during its launch. | |||
|File:DRDO AIP (Air Independent Propulsion) model for Kalvari-class submarine.jpg | |File:DRDO AIP (Air Independent Propulsion) model for Kalvari-class submarine.jpg | ||
|[[DRDO]] [[Air-independent propulsion|AIP]] (Air Independent Propulsion) model for Kalvari-class submarine | |[[DRDO]] [[Air-independent propulsion|AIP]] (Air Independent Propulsion) model for ''Kalvari''-class submarine | ||
|File:Scorpena class SSK Kalvari variant.svg | |File:Scorpena class SSK Kalvari variant.svg | ||
|Silhouette profile of ''Kalvari-class | |Silhouette profile of ''Kalvari''-class submarine. | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 165: | Line 168: | ||
{{Reflist|30em}} | {{Reflist|30em}} | ||
{{Scorpène class submarine}} | |||
{{Ship classes of the Indian Navy}} | {{Ship classes of the Indian Navy}} | ||
{{Submarines of the Indian Navy}} | {{Submarines of the Indian Navy}} | ||
| Line 172: | Line 176: | ||
[[Category:Attack submarines]] | [[Category:Attack submarines]] | ||
[[Category:Submarines of the Indian Navy]] | [[Category:Submarines of the Indian Navy]] | ||