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{{short description|Indian English poet (born 1928)}}
{{Short description|Indian poet (1928–2023)}}
{{more citations needed |date=May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2014}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox writer
{{Infobox writer
| name= Jayanta Mahapatra
| name= Jayanta Mahapatra
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| caption =  
| caption =  
| alias =  
| alias =  
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1928|10|22}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1928|10|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Cuttack]]
| birth_place = [[Cuttack]], [[Bihar and Orissa Province]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2023|08|27|1928|10|22|df=y}}
| death_place = Cuttack, [[Odisha]], India
| occupation = Indian English poet, Teacher of Physics
| occupation = Indian English poet, Teacher of Physics
| parents    = Lemuel Mohapatra, Sudhansubala Dash
| parents    = Lemuel Mohapatra, Sudhansubala Dash
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| notableworks = ''Relationship'' (1980)
| notableworks = ''Relationship'' (1980)
| awards = [[Sahitya Akademi]], [[Padma Shri]]
| awards = [[Sahitya Akademi]], [[Padma Shri]]
|yearsactive = 1970–present
|yearsactive = 1970–2023
| signature    = Signature of Jayanta Mahapatra in Odia.png
| signature_alt = Signature of Jayanta Mahapatra in Odia
}}
}}


'''Jayanta Mahapatra''' (born 22 October 1928)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.poemhunter.com/jayanta-mahapatra/biography/|title=Jayanta Mahapatra|publisher=Poem hunter|access-date=16 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jayanta Mahapatra : A profile |url=http://www.orissagateway.com/features/Arts_and_Architecture/Art/Literature/Poets/Jayanta_Mohapatra/ Jayanta Mahapatra studied inCuttack & Patama.He taught Physics in the collegeat Cuttack.|website=orissagateway.com |publisher=orissagateway.com |access-date=9 September 2019}}</ref> is an Indian English poet.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sahitya Akademi : Who's Who of Indian Writers|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/SASearchSystem/sauser/writerinfo.jsp?wrids=499|website=Sahitya Akademi|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|access-date=27 October 2015}}</ref> He is the first Indian poet to win a [[Sahitya Akademi]] award for English poetry. He is the author of poems such as [[Indian Summer (poem)|Indian Summer]] and [[Hunger (poem)|Hunger]], which are regarded as classics in modern Indian English literature. He was awarded a [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian honour in India in 2009.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6U68ulwpb?url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 November 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/jayanta-mahapatra-returns-padma-shri-protesting-intolerance/story |title = Jayanta Mahapatra returns Padma Shri protesting 'intolerance'|date = 23 November 2015}}{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> He returned the award in 2015 to protest against rising intolerance in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Noted poet Jayanta Mahapatra returns Padma Shri - The Times of India|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Noted-poet-Jayanta-Mahapatra-returns-Padma-Shri/articleshow/49883386.cms|website = The Times of India|access-date = 2015-11-22}}</ref>
'''Jayanta Mahapatra''' (22 October 1928 – 27 August 2023) was an Indian poet.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sahitya Akademi : Who's Who of Indian Writers|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/SASearchSystem/sauser/writerinfo.jsp?wrids=499|website=Sahitya Akademi|access-date=27 October 2015}}</ref> He is the first Indian poet to win a [[Sahitya Akademi]] award for English poetry. He was the author of poems such as [[Indian Summer (poem)|"Indian Summer"]] and [[Hunger (poem)|"Hunger"]], which are regarded as classics in modern [[Indian English literature]]. He was awarded a [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian honour in India in 2009,<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/jayanta-mahapatra-returns-padma-shri-protesting-intolerance/story |title = Jayanta Mahapatra returns Padma Shri protesting 'intolerance'|date = 23 November 2015}}{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> but he returned the award in 2015 to protest against rising intolerance in India.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Noted poet Jayanta Mahapatra returns Padma Shri – The Times of India|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Noted-poet-Jayanta-Mahapatra-returns-Padma-Shri/articleshow/49883386.cms|website = The Times of India| date=22 November 2015 |access-date = 2015-11-22}}</ref>
 
==Early life and education==
Jayanta Mahapatra was born on 22 October 1928 into a prominent Odia Christian family.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.poemhunter.com/jayanta-mahapatra/biography/|title=Jayanta Mahapatra|publisher=Poem hunter|access-date=16 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jayanta Mahapatra : A profile |url=http://www.orissagateway.com/features/Arts_and_Architecture/Art/Literature/Poets/Jayanta_Mohapatra/ |website=orissagateway.com |access-date=9 September 2019 |archive-date=20 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070520014453/http://www.orissagateway.com/features/Arts_and_Architecture/Art/Literature/Poets/Jayanta_Mohapatra/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> He attended Stewart School in [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]. He completed his M. Sc. in Physics from Patna University, [[Bihar]]. He began his teaching career as a lecturer in physics in 1949 and taught at various government colleges in Odisha including [[Gangadhar Meher University]], [[Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar College|B.J.B College]], [[Fakir Mohan University]] and [[Ravenshaw University]]. In 1986 he retired from his government job as Reader in Physics at Ravenshaw University (then Ravenshaw College).<ref name=im>{{cite web |url=http://www.museindia.com/showauthornew2.asp?id=66 |title=Muse India – Jayanta Mahapatra's Profile |access-date=2007-10-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026205410/http://www.museindia.com/showauthornew2.asp?id=66 |archive-date=26 October 2007 |df=dmy-all }} Web page titled "Jayanta Mahapatra's Profile" at the [[Muse India]] Web site, accessed 16 October 2007</ref>
 
Mahapatra began his writing career in the late sixties. His short stories and poems were initially rejected by several publishers, until his poems were published in international literary journals. He was invited to participate in the [[International Writing Program]] at Iowa, which brought him international exposure.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-23 |title=The Usawa Newsletter September'23 |url=https://usawa.in/blog/the-usawa-newsletter-september23/ |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=Usawa Literary Review |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
==Writing==
Mahapatra was part of a trio of poets who laid the foundations of [[Indian English Poetry]], which included [[A. K. Ramanujan]] and [[R. Parthasarathy]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2017 |title=Poets who took Indian poetry to next level |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/photo-stories/poets-who-took-indian-poetry-to-the-next-level/photostory/57747660.cms |access-date=24 January 2022 |publisher=Times of India}}</ref> He differed from the others in not being a product of Bombay school of poets. Over time, he managed to carve a quiet, tranquil poetic voice of his own, different from those of his contemporaries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Muse India |url=http://www.museindia.com/regularcontent.asp?issid=51&id=4461 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107013948/http://www.museindia.com/regularcontent.asp?issid=51&id=4461 |archive-date=7 November 2016 |access-date=6 November 2016}}</ref>
 
=== "Hunger" ===
This one of Mahapatra's best-known, most-quoted early poems, widely anthologised in Indian poetry collections.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Perry |first=John Oliver |date=1986 |title=Neither Alien nor Postmodern: Jayanta Mahapatra's Poetry from India |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4335754 |journal=The Kenyon Review |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=60 |issn=0163-075X |jstor=4335754}}</ref> It explores the informal [[child sex trade]]. In the poet's own words, "In 'Hunger' I was writing from experience.” <ref>{{cite web |title=Jayanta Mahapatra's Hunger - Poetry Analysis |url=http://rukhaya.com/poetry-analysis-jayanta-mahapatras-hunger/}}</ref> The poem is an expression of the poet's loneliness as a youth, as Mahapatra had a disturbed childhood.
 
==== Structure and criticism ====
The poem is notable for its direct approach to the taboo topic of a father prostituting his daughter. In the second line, the fisherman asks casually "will you have her?" A wide range of poetic devices are employed to bring out the entrapment of the mind in the flesh.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2013 |title=A Short Summary of "Hunger" - by Sekhar Kumar |url=http://www.shareyouressays.com/118148/short-summary-of-hunger-by-jayanta-mahapatra}}</ref>


==Indian Poets Trio==
This poem was originally a part of the poet's collection, ''A Rain of Rites''.
Mahapatra was part of a trio of poets who laid the foundations of Indian English poetry. He shared a special bond with [[A. K. Ramanujan]]. Mahapatra is also different in not being a product of the Bombay school of poets besides [[R. Parthasarathy]]. Over time, he has managed to carve a quiet, tranquil poetic voice of his own, different from those of his contemporaries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.museindia.com/regularcontent.asp?issid=51&id=4461 |title=Archived copy |access-date=6 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107013948/http://www.museindia.com/regularcontent.asp?issid=51&id=4461 |archive-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Early life and education==
=== Other writings ===
Born into a prominent Odia Christian family, Mahapatra went to Stewart School in [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]. He completed his M. Sc. in Physics from Patna University, [[Bihar]]. He began his teaching career as a lecturer in physics in 1949 and taught at various government colleges in Odisha including [[Gangadhar Meher College (Autonomous), Sambalpur|Gangadhar Meher College, Sambalpur]], [[Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar College|B.J.B College, Bhubaneswar]], [[Fakir Mohan University|Fakir Mohan College, Balasore]] and [[Ravenshaw College|Ravenshaw College, Cuttack]]. He superannuated at the Ravenshaw College, Cuttack (now Ravenshaw University) and retired from his government job as the Reader in Physics in 1986.<ref name=im>{{cite web |url=http://www.museindia.com/showauthornew2.asp?id=66 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2007-10-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026205410/http://www.museindia.com/showauthornew2.asp?id=66 |archive-date=26 October 2007 |df=dmy-all }} Web page titled "Jayanta Mahapatra's Profile" at the [[Muse India]] Web site, accessed 16 October 2007</ref> He began his writing career in the late sixties. His short stories and poems were initially rejected by several publishers, until his poems were published in international literary journals. He was invited to participate in the International Writing Program at Iowa, which brought him international exposure.
Mahapatra authored 27 books of poems, of which seven are in [[Odia language|Odia]] and the rest in English. His poetry volumes include ''Relationship'', ''Bare Face,'' and ''Shadow Space''. Besides poetry, he has experimented widely with myriad forms of prose. His published books of prose include ''Green Gardener'', an anthology of short stories, and ''Door of Paper: Essay and Memoirs''. Mahapatra was also a distinguished editor and was involved in the production of the literary magazine ''Chandrabhaga''.<ref>{{cite web |title= Jayanta Mahapatra – Biography |url= https://niralapublications.com/nirala-authors/jayanta-mahapatra/ |website= niralapublications.com |date= 4 January 2011 |publisher= Nirala Publications |access-date= 10 May 2022 |archive-date= 1 August 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230801152554/https://niralapublications.com/nirala-authors/jayanta-mahapatra/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> His poems have appeared in prestigious poetry anthologies like ''[[The Dance of the Peacock|The Dance of the Peacock: An Anthology of English Poetry from India]]'',<ref name="brook">{{cite news|last1=Grove|first1=Richard|title=The Dance of the Peacock:An Anthology of English Poetry from India|url=http://hiddenbrookpress.com/Book-Indo-EnglishPoetry.html|access-date=5 January 2015|issue=current|publisher=Hidden Brook Press, Canada|archive-date=29 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929050126/http://hiddenbrookpress.com/Book-Indo-EnglishPoetry.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> published by Hidden Brook Press, Canada.<ref name="press">{{cite web|last1=Press|first1=Hidden Brook|title=Hidden Brook Press|url=http://hiddenbrookpress.com|publisher=Hidden Brook Press|access-date=5 January 2015}}</ref>


==Literary works==
Mahapatra also translated from Odia into English, and some of his translations were published in the bi-monthly literary magazine ''[[Indian Literature (journal)|Indian Literature]]''. Some anthologies of his translations have also been published.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jayanta Mahapatra – Something in me refuses to die |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Tejg57qNEfUBT7jGQV0UbI/Jayanta-Mahapatra--Something-in-me-refuses-to-die.html |website=livemint.com |date=11 January 2013 |access-date=9 September 2019 |archive-date=3 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703092252/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Tejg57qNEfUBT7jGQV0UbI/Jayanta-Mahapatra--Something-in-me-refuses-to-die.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Mahapatra has authored 27 books of poems, of which seven are in Odia and the rest in English. His poetry volumes include ''Relationship'', ''Bare Face'' and ''Shadow Space''. Besides poetry, he has experimented widely with myriad forms of prose. His published books of prose include ''Green Gardener'', an anthology of short stories and ''Door of Paper: Essay and Memoirs''. Mahapatra is also a distinguished editor and has been bringing out the literary magazine, ''Chandrabhaga''. His poems have appeared in prestigious poetry anthologies like ''[[The Dance of the Peacock]]: An Anthology of English Poetry from India'',<ref name=brook>{{cite news|last1=Grove|first1=Richard|title=The Dance of the Peacock:An Anthology of English Poetry from India|url=http://hiddenbrookpress.com/Book-Indo-EnglishPoetry.html|access-date=5 January 2015|issue=current|publisher=Hidden Brook Press, Canada}}</ref> published by Hidden Brook Press,<ref name=press>{{cite web|last1=Press|first1=Hidden Brook|title=Hidden Brook Press|url=http://hiddenbrookpress.com|publisher=Hidden Brook Press|access-date=5 January 2015}}</ref> [[Canada]].


Mahapatra has also translated from Odia into English, and some of his translations are published in the bi-monthly literary magazine ''Indian Literature''. Some anthologies of his translations have also been published.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jayanta Mahapatra - Something in me refuses to die |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Tejg57qNEfUBT7jGQV0UbI/Jayanta-Mahapatra--Something-in-me-refuses-to-die.html |website=livemint.com |publisher=livemint.com |access-date=9 September 2019}}</ref>
==Death==
Jayanta Mahapatra died of pneumonia on 27 August 2023, at the age of 94.<ref name="eminent">[https://pragativadi.com/eminent-litterateur-jayanta-mahapatra-passes-away-at-95/ Eminent Litterateur Jayanta Mahapatra Passes Away At 95]</ref>


==Awards, recognition and legacy==
==Awards, recognition and legacy==
In 1981 Jayanta Mahapatra Mahapatra won a [[Sahitya Akademi]] award for his book "Relationships". He is also a recipient of the [[Jacob Glatstein]] memorial award conferred by [[Poetry (magazine)|''Poetry'' magazine]], [[Chicago]]. He was also awarded the Allen Tate Poetry Prize for 2009 from ''[[The Sewanee Review]]''. He received the [[SAARC Literary Award]], New Delhi, 2009. He was conferred with a [[Padma Shri]] in 2009 and awarded an honorary doctorate by [[Ravenshaw University]] on 2 May 2009. He was also awarded a D. Lit. degree by [[Utkal University]], [[Odisha]] in 2006.
In 1981 Jayanta Mahapatra won [[Sahitya Akademi]] award for his poetry book ''Relationships''. He became the first ever writer in English language to win Sahitya Akademi award. He is also a recipient of the [[Jacob Glatstein]] memorial award conferred by [[Poetry (magazine)|''Poetry'' magazine]], [[Chicago]]. He was also awarded the Allen Tate Poetry Prize for 2009 from ''[[The Sewanee Review]]''. He received the [[SAARC Literary Award]], New Delhi, 2009. He has also received Tata Literature Lifetime Achievement Award.<ref>{{cite web |title= Jayanta Mahapatra on Joy of Receiving Awards |url= https://www.firstpost.com/living/jayanta-mahapatra-on-finite-joy-of-receiving-awards-mark-of-a-good-poem-5634241.html |website=firstpost.com |date=9 December 2018 |publisher=First Post |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref> He was conferred with a [[Padma Shri]] in 2009 and awarded an honorary doctorate by [[Ravenshaw University]] on 2 May 2009. He was also awarded a D. Lit. degree by [[Utkal University]], [[Odisha]], in 2006. In May 2019 he became the first ever Indian English poet to become a Fellow of the [[Sahitya Akademi]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Poet and Sahitya Akademi Award Winner Jayanta Mahapatra |url= https://www.firstpost.com/art-and-culture/poet-and-sahitya-akademi-award-winner-jayanta-mahapatra-hospitalised-after-testing-positive-for-covid-19-9674231.html |website=firstpost.com |date=1 June 2021 |publisher=First Post |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref>


==Interview==
*Kanhaiya Lal Sethia Award for Poetry – 2017 (Jaipur Literature Festival)<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2017 |title=Cuttack poet bags Kanhaiya Lal Sethia Award for Poetry |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/jaipur-literature-festival-cuttack-poet-bags-kanhaiya-lal-sethia-award-for-poetry-4486184/}}</ref>
* RL Poetry Lifetime Achievement Award for Poetry, 2013, [[Hyderabad]].
* Second Prize – ''International Who's Who in Poetry'', [[London]], 1970.
* Jacob Glatstein Memorial Award – Poetry, [[Chicago]], 1975.
* Visiting Writer – International Writing Program, [[Iowa City]] 1976–77.
* Cultural Award Visitor, [[Australia]], 1978.
* Japan Foundation – Visitor's Award, [[Japan]], 1980.


* “The Hindu: Jayanta Mahapatra - A doyen of Indian-English poetry”''<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/books/interview-with-jayanta-mahapatra-a-doyen-of-indian-english-poetry/article28721741.ece  Interview with Jayanta Mahapatra: A doyen of Indian-English poetry]</ref>
== Poetry readings ==


== Poetry readings ==
=== Outside India ===
;Outside India
* University of Iowa, Iowa City, 1976
* University of Iowa, Iowa City, 1976
* University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, 1976
* University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, 1976
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== Books by Jayanta Mahapatra ==
== Books by Jayanta Mahapatra ==
;Poetry
 
=== Poetry ===
* 1971: ''Close the Sky Ten by Ten'', Calcutta: Dialogue Publications<ref name="ReferenceA">Bibliography in Land by Jayanta Mahapatra. Authorspress 2013</ref>
* 1971: ''Close the Sky Ten by Ten'', Calcutta: Dialogue Publications<ref name="ReferenceA">Bibliography in Land by Jayanta Mahapatra. Authorspress 2013</ref>
* 1971: ''Svayamvara and Other Poems'', Calcutta: [[Writers Workshop]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 1971: ''Svayamvara and Other Poems'', Calcutta: [[Writers Workshop (publisher)|Writers Workshop]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 1976: ''A Father's Hours'', Delhi: United Writers<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 1976: ''A Father's Hours'', Delhi: United Writers<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 1976: ''A Rain of Rites'', Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 1976: ''A Rain of Rites'', Georgia: University of Georgia Press<ref name="ReferenceA"/> ({{ISBN |9780820303970}}, {{OL|5212793M}})
* 1979: ''Waiting'', Samkaleen Prakashan<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 1979: ''Waiting'', Pune : Samkaleen Prakashan<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 1980: ''The False Start'', Bombay: Clearing House<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 1980: ''The False Start'', Bombay: Clearing House<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 1980: ''Relationship'', Greenfield, New York: Greenfield Review Press<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 1980: ''Relationship'', New York: Greenfield Review Press<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
Prose
* 2017: ''Collected Poems'', Mumbai: Paperwall Publishing<ref>{{Cite web|title=COLLECTED POEMS – Paperwall|url=https://paperwall.in/best-indian-book-store-online/poetrywala/collected-poems-4/|access-date=2021-09-07|language=en-US}}</ref>
* 1997: ''The Green Gardener'', short stories, Hyderabad: Orient Longman<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 2021: ''Random Descent'', Ketaki Foundation Trust ({{ASIN |B094ZZF9DG}}, {{OL|22844719M}})
* 2006: ''Door of Paper: Essay and Memoirs'', New Delhi: Authrospress<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 2022: ''Re-reading Jayanta Mahapatra: Selected Poems'', Black Eagle Books, USA ({{ISBN |9781645602002}})
* 2011: ''Bhor Moitra Kanaphula''. In Oriya. Bhubaneswar, Paschima<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 2023: ''NOON : New and Selected Poems'', Ketaki Foundation Trust ({{ASIN |B0C3Y76BHL}})
Poetry in Odia
* 1993: ''Bali (The Victim)'', Cutack: Vidyapuri<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 1995: ''Kahibe Gotiye Katha (I'll Tell A Story)'', Arya Prakashan<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 1997: ''Baya Raja(The Mad Emperor)'', Cuttack: Vidyapuri<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 2004: ''Tikie Chhayee (A Little Shadow)'', Cuttack; Vidyapuri<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 2006: ''Chali (Walking)'', Cuttack: Vidyapuri<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 2008: ''Jadiba Gapatie (Even If It's A Story)'', Cuttack: Friends Publishers<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 2011: ''Smruti Pari Kichhiti (A Small Memory)'', Cuttack: Bijayini<ref name="ReferenceA"/>


Translations into English
=== Prose ===
* 1997: ''The Green Gardener'', short stories, Hyderabad: Orient Longman<ref name="ReferenceA"/> ({{OL|331803M}})
* 2006: ''Door of Paper: Essay and Memoires'', New Delhi: Authorspress<ref name="ReferenceA"/> ({{ISBN |9788172733742}}, {{OL|16279020M}})
* 2011: ''Bhor Motira Kanaphula'' (Odia), Bhubaneswar : Paschima Publications<ref name="ReferenceA"/> ({{OL|24840744M}})


* 1973: Countermeasures: Poems, Calcutta. Dialogue
=== Poetry in Odia ===
* 1976: Wings of the Past: Poems, Calcutta. Rajasree
* 1993: ''Bali'' (The Victim), Cutack: Vidyapuri<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 1981: Song of Kubja and Other Poems, New Delhi. Samkaleen
* 1995: ''Kahibi Goṭie Kathā'' (I'll Tell A Story), Āryya Prakāśana<ref name="ReferenceA"/> ({{OL|638161M}})
*   1994: I Can, But Why Should I Go: Poems, New Delhi. Sahitya Akademi
* 1997: ''Baya Raja'' (The Mad Emperor), Cuttack: Vidyapuri,<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Bidyāpurī ({{OL|505046M}})
* 1996: Verticals of Life: Poems, New Delhi. Sahitya Akademi
* 2004: ''Tikie Chhayee'' (A Little Shadow), Cuttack : Vidyapuri<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 1998: Tapaswini: a Poem, Bhubaneswar. Orissa Sahitya Akademi
* 2006: ''Chali'' (Walking), Cuttack: Vidyapuri<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 2001: Discovery and other Poems, Kolkata. Writers Workshop
* 2008: ''Jadiba Gapatie'' (Even If It's A Story), Cuttack: Friends Publishers<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 2003: A Time of Rising (Poems), New Delhi. Har-Anand
* 2011: ''Smruti Pari Kichhiti'' (A Small Memory), Cuttack: Bijayini<ref name="ReferenceA"/>


== Awards ==
=== Translations into English ===
* Kanhaiya Lal Sethia Award for Poetry - 2017 (Jaipur Literature Festival)<ref>http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/jaipur-literature-festival-cuttack-poet-bags-kanhaiya-lal-sethia-award-for-poetry-4486184/</ref>
* 1973: ''Countermeasures: Poems'', Calcutta : Dialogue
* RL Poetry Lifetime Achievement Award for Poetry, 2013, [[Hyderabad]].
* 1976: ''Wings of the Past: Poems'', Calcutta : Rajasree
* Second Prize – ''International Who's Who in Poetry'', [[London]], 1970.
* 1981: ''Song of Kubja and Other Poems'', New Delhi : Samkaleen
* Jacob Glatstein Memorial Award – Poetry, [[Chicago]], 1975.
* 1994: ''I Can, But Why Should I Go: Poems'', New Delhi : [[Sahitya Akademi]]
* Visiting Writer – International Writing Program, [[Iowa City]] 1976–77.
* 1996: ''Verticals of Life: Poems'', New Delhi : [[Sahitya Akademi]]
* Cultural Award Visitor, [[Australia]], 1978.
* 1998: ''Tapaswini: a Poem'', Bhubaneswar : [[Odisha Sahitya Akademi]] ({{OCLC|42716375}})
* Japan Foundation – Visitor's Award, [[Japan]], 1980.
* 2001: ''Discovery and other Poems'', Kolkata : [[Writers Workshop (publisher)|Writers Workshop]]
* 2003: ''A Time of Rising (Poems)'', New Delhi : Har-Anand Publishers


== Appearances in the following poetry Anthologies ==
=== Inclusions in anthologies ===
* ''A New Book of Indian Poems In English'' (2000) ed. by [[Gopi Kottoor]] and published by [[Poetry Chain]] and [[Writers Workshop]], [[Calcutta]]
* ''A New Book of Indian Poems In English'' (2000) ed. by [[Gopi Kottoor]] and published by [[Poetry Chain]] and [[Writers Workshop (publisher)|Writers Workshop]], [[Calcutta]]
* ''Ten Twentieth-Century Indian Poets'' (1976) ed. by [[R. Parthasarathy]] and published by [[Oxford University Press]], [[New Delhi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ten 20th Century Indian Poets |url=https://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/amit/books/parthasarathy-1976-ten-20th-century.html |website=cse.iitk.ac.in |publisher=cse.iitk.ac.in |access-date=23 August 2018}}</ref>
* ''Ten Twentieth-Century Indian Poets'' (1976) ed. by [[R. Parthasarathy]] and published by [[Oxford University Press]], [[New Delhi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ten 20th Century Indian Poets |url=https://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/amit/books/parthasarathy-1976-ten-20th-century.html |website=cse.iitk.ac.in |access-date=23 August 2018}}</ref>


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* 2001: Bijay Kumar Das, ''The Poetry of Jayanta Mahapatra'': 3rd revised and enlarged edition; New Delhi: Atlantic, {{ISBN|81-7156-968-4}}<ref>[https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no20919.htm Vedam's Books from India website], accessed 16 October 2007.</ref>
* 2001: Bijay Kumar Das, ''The Poetry of Jayanta Mahapatra'': 3rd revised and enlarged edition; New Delhi: Atlantic, {{ISBN|81-7156-968-4}}<ref>[https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no20919.htm Vedam's Books from India website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022143028/https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no20919.htm |date=22 October 2006 }}, accessed 16 October 2007.</ref>
* 2006: Jaydeep Sarangi and Gauri Shankar Jha (eds), ''The Indian Imagination of Jayanta Mahapatra'', New Delhi: Sarup and Sons, 2006, {{ISBN|81-7625-622-6}}, a compilation of critical articles.<ref>[https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no43705.htm Vedam's Books from India website], accessed 16 October 2007.</ref>
* 2006: Jaydeep Sarangi and Gauri Shankar Jha (eds), ''The Indian Imagination of Jayanta Mahapatra'', New Delhi: Sarup and Sons, 2006, {{ISBN|81-7625-622-6}}, a compilation of critical articles.<ref>[https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no43705.htm Vedam's Books from India website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080815201107/http://www.vedamsbooks.com/no43705.htm |date=15 August 2008 }}, accessed 16 October 2007.</ref>
*Jaydeep Sarangi, ''Jayanta Mahapatra Joy of Living and Loving in His Poetry'', Aavishkar Publishers' Distributors, 2012, {{ISBN|8179103749}}. Printed INR: 600.00, hardcover, 162 pp.
*Jaydeep Sarangi, ''Jayanta Mahapatra Joy of Living and Loving in His Poetry'', Aavishkar Publishers' Distributors, 2012, {{ISBN|8179103749}}. Printed INR: 600.00, hardcover, 162 pp.
* Zinia Mitra, ''Poetry of Jayanta Mahapatra Imagery and Experiential Identity'', Authorspress,2012,{{ISBN|978-81-7273-655-2}} Hardcover, INR:500,172pp
* Zinia Mitra, ''Poetry of Jayanta Mahapatra Imagery and Experiential Identity'', Authorspress,2012,{{ISBN|978-81-7273-655-2}} Hardcover, INR:500,172pp
Line 105: Line 122:
* Shiba Shankar Nath,"The Poetry of Jayanta Mahapatra:A Study in Imagery", Delhi:Authorspress,2014,{{ISBN|978-81-7273-897-6}}.Printed INR:  700.00, hardcover,173 pp.
* Shiba Shankar Nath,"The Poetry of Jayanta Mahapatra:A Study in Imagery", Delhi:Authorspress,2014,{{ISBN|978-81-7273-897-6}}.Printed INR:  700.00, hardcover,173 pp.
*''Rock Pebbles'', Vol. XV No.1, January–June 2011(a special issue on Jayanta Mahapatra) {{ISSN|0975-0509}}
*''Rock Pebbles'', Vol. XV No.1, January–June 2011(a special issue on Jayanta Mahapatra) {{ISSN|0975-0509}}
*2018: Jayanta Mahapatra: A Reader, Ed. Durga Prasad Panda, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, {{ISBN|978-93-87567-66-5}}


==See also==
==See also==
{{portal|Biography|India|Poetry|}}
{{portal|Biography|India|Poetry|}}
* [http://www.orissagateway.com/features/Arts_and_Architecture/Art/Literature/Poets/Jayanta_Mohapatra/ Biodata of Jayanta Mahapatra]
* [http://www.orissagateway.com/features/Arts_and_Architecture/Art/Literature/Poets/Jayanta_Mohapatra/ Biodata of Jayanta Mahapatra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070520014453/http://www.orissagateway.com/features/Arts_and_Architecture/Art/Literature/Poets/Jayanta_Mohapatra/ |date=20 May 2007 }}
* [[Indian English literature]]
* [[List of Indian poets]]
* [[Indian English literature|Indian English Literature]]
* [[Sahitya Akademi Award]]


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 115: Line 135:


==External links==
==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090216144242/http://jayantamahapatra.com/ Jayanta Mahapatra's Official Homepage]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090216144242/http://jayantamahapatra.com/ Jayanta Mahapatra's Official Homepage]
* [https://www.thehindu.com/books/interview-with-jayanta-mahapatra-a-doyen-of-indian-english-poetry/article28721741.ece  Interview with Jayanta Mahapatra – A doyen of Indian-English poetry] (''The Hindu'', 2019)


 
{{Odia literature}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}
{{Padma Award winners of Odisha}}
{{Padma Award winners of Odisha}}
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{{Gangadhar National Award For Poetry}}
{{Gangadhar National Award For Poetry}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahapatra, Jayanta}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahapatra, Jayanta}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in English]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in English]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Gangadhar National Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Gangadhar National Award]]
[[Category:Poets from Odisha]]
[[Category:Poets from Odisha]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:English-language poets from India]]
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[[Category:21st-century Indian poets]]
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[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]
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[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia in India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Utkal Ratna Samman]]

Latest revision as of 15:43, 27 March 2026


Jayanta Mahapatra
Born(1928-10-22)22 October 1928
Cuttack, Bihar and Orissa Province, British India
Died27 August 2023(2023-08-27) (aged 94)
Cuttack, Odisha, India
OccupationIndian English poet, Teacher of Physics
Notable worksRelationship (1980)
Notable awardsSahitya Akademi, Padma Shri
Years active1970–2023
ParentsLemuel Mohapatra, Sudhansubala Dash
SignatureSignature of Jayanta Mahapatra in Odia

Jayanta Mahapatra (22 October 1928 – 27 August 2023) was an Indian poet.[1] He is the first Indian poet to win a Sahitya Akademi award for English poetry. He was the author of poems such as "Indian Summer" and "Hunger", which are regarded as classics in modern Indian English literature. He was awarded a Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian honour in India in 2009,[2][3] but he returned the award in 2015 to protest against rising intolerance in India.[4]

Early life and education[edit | edit source]

Jayanta Mahapatra was born on 22 October 1928 into a prominent Odia Christian family.[5][6] He attended Stewart School in Cuttack, Odisha. He completed his M. Sc. in Physics from Patna University, Bihar. He began his teaching career as a lecturer in physics in 1949 and taught at various government colleges in Odisha including Gangadhar Meher University, B.J.B College, Fakir Mohan University and Ravenshaw University. In 1986 he retired from his government job as Reader in Physics at Ravenshaw University (then Ravenshaw College).[7]

Mahapatra began his writing career in the late sixties. His short stories and poems were initially rejected by several publishers, until his poems were published in international literary journals. He was invited to participate in the International Writing Program at Iowa, which brought him international exposure.[8]

Writing[edit | edit source]

Mahapatra was part of a trio of poets who laid the foundations of Indian English Poetry, which included A. K. Ramanujan and R. Parthasarathy.[9] He differed from the others in not being a product of Bombay school of poets. Over time, he managed to carve a quiet, tranquil poetic voice of his own, different from those of his contemporaries.[10]

"Hunger"[edit | edit source]

This one of Mahapatra's best-known, most-quoted early poems, widely anthologised in Indian poetry collections.[11] It explores the informal child sex trade. In the poet's own words, "In 'Hunger' I was writing from experience.” [12] The poem is an expression of the poet's loneliness as a youth, as Mahapatra had a disturbed childhood.

Structure and criticism[edit | edit source]

The poem is notable for its direct approach to the taboo topic of a father prostituting his daughter. In the second line, the fisherman asks casually "will you have her?" A wide range of poetic devices are employed to bring out the entrapment of the mind in the flesh.[13]

This poem was originally a part of the poet's collection, A Rain of Rites.

Other writings[edit | edit source]

Mahapatra authored 27 books of poems, of which seven are in Odia and the rest in English. His poetry volumes include Relationship, Bare Face, and Shadow Space. Besides poetry, he has experimented widely with myriad forms of prose. His published books of prose include Green Gardener, an anthology of short stories, and Door of Paper: Essay and Memoirs. Mahapatra was also a distinguished editor and was involved in the production of the literary magazine Chandrabhaga.[14] His poems have appeared in prestigious poetry anthologies like The Dance of the Peacock: An Anthology of English Poetry from India,[15] published by Hidden Brook Press, Canada.[16]

Mahapatra also translated from Odia into English, and some of his translations were published in the bi-monthly literary magazine Indian Literature. Some anthologies of his translations have also been published.[17]

Death[edit | edit source]

Jayanta Mahapatra died of pneumonia on 27 August 2023, at the age of 94.[18]

Awards, recognition and legacy[edit | edit source]

In 1981 Jayanta Mahapatra won Sahitya Akademi award for his poetry book Relationships. He became the first ever writer in English language to win Sahitya Akademi award. He is also a recipient of the Jacob Glatstein memorial award conferred by Poetry magazine, Chicago. He was also awarded the Allen Tate Poetry Prize for 2009 from The Sewanee Review. He received the SAARC Literary Award, New Delhi, 2009. He has also received Tata Literature Lifetime Achievement Award.[19] He was conferred with a Padma Shri in 2009 and awarded an honorary doctorate by Ravenshaw University on 2 May 2009. He was also awarded a D. Lit. degree by Utkal University, Odisha, in 2006. In May 2019 he became the first ever Indian English poet to become a Fellow of the Sahitya Akademi.[20]

  • Kanhaiya Lal Sethia Award for Poetry – 2017 (Jaipur Literature Festival)[21]
  • RL Poetry Lifetime Achievement Award for Poetry, 2013, Hyderabad.
  • Second Prize – International Who's Who in Poetry, London, 1970.
  • Jacob Glatstein Memorial Award – Poetry, Chicago, 1975.
  • Visiting Writer – International Writing Program, Iowa City 1976–77.
  • Cultural Award Visitor, Australia, 1978.
  • Japan Foundation – Visitor's Award, Japan, 1980.

Poetry readings[edit | edit source]

Outside India[edit | edit source]

  • University of Iowa, Iowa City, 1976
  • University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, 1976
  • University of the South, Sewanee, 1976
  • East West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1976
  • Adelaide Festival of Arts, Adelaide, 1978
  • P.E.N. Centre, Sydney, 1978
  • Australian National University, Canberra, 1978
  • International Poets Conference, Tokyo, 1980
  • Asian Poets Conference, Tokyo, 1984

Books by Jayanta Mahapatra[edit | edit source]

Poetry[edit | edit source]

  • 1971: Close the Sky Ten by Ten, Calcutta: Dialogue Publications[22]
  • 1971: Svayamvara and Other Poems, Calcutta: Writers Workshop[22]
  • 1976: A Father's Hours, Delhi: United Writers[22]
  • 1976: A Rain of Rites, Georgia: University of Georgia Press[22] (ISBN 9780820303970, Template:OL)
  • 1979: Waiting, Pune : Samkaleen Prakashan[22]
  • 1980: The False Start, Bombay: Clearing House[22]
  • 1980: Relationship, New York: Greenfield Review Press[22]
  • 2017: Collected Poems, Mumbai: Paperwall Publishing[23]
  • 2021: Random Descent, Ketaki Foundation Trust (ASIN B094ZZF9DG, Template:OL)
  • 2022: Re-reading Jayanta Mahapatra: Selected Poems, Black Eagle Books, USA (ISBN 9781645602002)
  • 2023: NOON : New and Selected Poems, Ketaki Foundation Trust (ASIN B0C3Y76BHL)

Prose[edit | edit source]

Poetry in Odia[edit | edit source]

  • 1993: Bali (The Victim), Cutack: Vidyapuri[22]
  • 1995: Kahibi Goṭie Kathā (I'll Tell A Story), Āryya Prakāśana[22] (Template:OL)
  • 1997: Baya Raja (The Mad Emperor), Cuttack: Vidyapuri,[22] Bidyāpurī (Template:OL)
  • 2004: Tikie Chhayee (A Little Shadow), Cuttack : Vidyapuri[22]
  • 2006: Chali (Walking), Cuttack: Vidyapuri[22]
  • 2008: Jadiba Gapatie (Even If It's A Story), Cuttack: Friends Publishers[22]
  • 2011: Smruti Pari Kichhiti (A Small Memory), Cuttack: Bijayini[22]

Translations into English[edit | edit source]

  • 1973: Countermeasures: Poems, Calcutta : Dialogue
  • 1976: Wings of the Past: Poems, Calcutta : Rajasree
  • 1981: Song of Kubja and Other Poems, New Delhi : Samkaleen
  • 1994: I Can, But Why Should I Go: Poems, New Delhi : Sahitya Akademi
  • 1996: Verticals of Life: Poems, New Delhi : Sahitya Akademi
  • 1998: Tapaswini: a Poem, Bhubaneswar : Odisha Sahitya Akademi (OCLC 42716375)
  • 2001: Discovery and other Poems, Kolkata : Writers Workshop
  • 2003: A Time of Rising (Poems), New Delhi : Har-Anand Publishers

Inclusions in anthologies[edit | edit source]

Further reading[edit | edit source]

  • 2001: Bijay Kumar Das, The Poetry of Jayanta Mahapatra: 3rd revised and enlarged edition; New Delhi: Atlantic, ISBN 81-7156-968-4[25]
  • 2006: Jaydeep Sarangi and Gauri Shankar Jha (eds), The Indian Imagination of Jayanta Mahapatra, New Delhi: Sarup and Sons, 2006, ISBN 81-7625-622-6, a compilation of critical articles.[26]
  • Jaydeep Sarangi, Jayanta Mahapatra Joy of Living and Loving in His Poetry, Aavishkar Publishers' Distributors, 2012, ISBN 8179103749. Printed INR: 600.00, hardcover, 162 pp.
  • Zinia Mitra, Poetry of Jayanta Mahapatra Imagery and Experiential Identity, Authorspress,2012,ISBN 978-81-7273-655-2 Hardcover, INR:500,172pp
  • The Poetry of Jayanta Mahapatra: Themes & Imagery by Vivekanand Jha, New Delhi: Authorspress,2013 ISBN 978-8172736736[27]
  • Shiba Shankar Nath,"The Poetry of Jayanta Mahapatra:A Study in Imagery", Delhi:Authorspress,2014,ISBN 978-81-7273-897-6.Printed INR: 700.00, hardcover,173 pp.
  • Rock Pebbles, Vol. XV No.1, January–June 2011(a special issue on Jayanta Mahapatra) ISSN 0975-0509
  • 2018: Jayanta Mahapatra: A Reader, Ed. Durga Prasad Panda, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 978-93-87567-66-5

See also[edit | edit source]

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Sahitya Akademi : Who's Who of Indian Writers". Sahitya Akademi. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  2. ↑ "Padma Awards" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  3. ↑ "Jayanta Mahapatra returns Padma Shri protesting 'intolerance'". 23 November 2015.[dead link]
  4. ↑ "Noted poet Jayanta Mahapatra returns Padma Shri – The Times of India". The Times of India. 22 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
  5. ↑ "Jayanta Mahapatra". Poem hunter. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  6. ↑ "Jayanta Mahapatra : A profile". orissagateway.com. Archived from the original on 20 May 2007. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
  7. ↑ "Muse India – Jayanta Mahapatra's Profile". Archived from the original on 26 October 2007. Retrieved 16 October 2007. Web page titled "Jayanta Mahapatra's Profile" at the Muse India Web site, accessed 16 October 2007
  8. ↑ "The Usawa Newsletter September'23". Usawa Literary Review. 23 September 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  9. ↑ "Poets who took Indian poetry to next level". Times of India. 21 March 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  10. ↑ "Welcome to Muse India". Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
  11. ↑ Perry, John Oliver (1986). "Neither Alien nor Postmodern: Jayanta Mahapatra's Poetry from India". The Kenyon Review. 8 (4): 60. ISSN 0163-075X. JSTOR 4335754.
  12. ↑ "Jayanta Mahapatra's Hunger - Poetry Analysis".
  13. ↑ "A Short Summary of "Hunger" - by Sekhar Kumar". 17 May 2013.
  14. ↑ "Jayanta Mahapatra – Biography". niralapublications.com. Nirala Publications. 4 January 2011. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  15. ↑ Grove, Richard. "The Dance of the Peacock:An Anthology of English Poetry from India". No. current. Hidden Brook Press, Canada. Archived from the original on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  16. ↑ Press, Hidden Brook. "Hidden Brook Press". Hidden Brook Press. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  17. ↑ "Jayanta Mahapatra – Something in me refuses to die". livemint.com. 11 January 2013. Archived from the original on 3 July 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
  18. ↑ Eminent Litterateur Jayanta Mahapatra Passes Away At 95
  19. ↑ "Jayanta Mahapatra on Joy of Receiving Awards". firstpost.com. First Post. 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
  20. ↑ "Poet and Sahitya Akademi Award Winner Jayanta Mahapatra". firstpost.com. First Post. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
  21. ↑ "Cuttack poet bags Kanhaiya Lal Sethia Award for Poetry". 22 January 2017.
  22. ↑ 22.00 22.01 22.02 22.03 22.04 22.05 22.06 22.07 22.08 22.09 22.10 22.11 22.12 22.13 22.14 22.15 22.16 Bibliography in Land by Jayanta Mahapatra. Authorspress 2013
  23. ↑ "COLLECTED POEMS – Paperwall". Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  24. ↑ "Ten 20th Century Indian Poets". cse.iitk.ac.in. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  25. ↑ Vedam's Books from India website Archived 22 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 16 October 2007.
  26. ↑ Vedam's Books from India website Archived 15 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 16 October 2007.
  27. ↑ Jha, Vivekanand. The Poetry of Jayanta Mahapatra: Themes and Imagery (First ed.). New Delhi: Authorspress. p. 434. ISBN 9788172736736.

External links[edit | edit source]

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