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{{short description|Indian Independence Organization}}
{{short description|Indian revolution organization (1935–38)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox militant organization
{{Infobox militant organization
| name            = {{big|Communist Consolidation}}
| name            = Communist Consolidation
| native_name      = {{nobold|कम्युनिस्ट समेकन([[Hindi]])<br/>কমিউনিস্ট একত্রীকরণ([[Bengali language|Bengali]])}}
| native_name      = कम्युनिस्ट समेकन
| founder          = [[Hare Krishna Konar]]
| leader          = [[Shiv Verma]]<br />[[Hare Krishna Konar]]<br />[[Niranjan Sengupta]]
| leader1_title    = Newspaper
| foundation      = {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|1935|04|26}} at [[Cellular Jail]], [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman]]
| leader1_name    = "The Call"
| dissolved        = 1938
| leader2_title    = Slogan
| country          = [[British Raj|British India]]
| leader2_name    = "[[Inquilab Zindabad]]"<br/>"[[Workers of the world, unite!|Duniya ke Mazdooron ek ho]]"
| motives          = [[National liberation (Marxism)|National liberation]]
| foundation      = {{start date and years ago|26th April 1935|df=yes}} at [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman]], [[Cellular Jail]]
| ideology        = {{ubl|[[Communism]]|[[Marxism–Leninism]]|[[Revolutionary socialism]]}}
| dissolved        = {{end date|15th August 1947|df=yes}}
| position         = [[Far-left politics|Far-left]]
| merged_into      = [[Communist Party of India]]
| slogan          = "[[Inquilab Zindabad]]"<br />"[[Workers of the world, unite!]]"
| country          = {{flag|British Raj|name=British India}}
| partof          = [[Communism in India]]<br />[[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
| motives          = [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]]
| opponents        = [[British Empire]]
| headquarters    = [[Cellular Jail]], [[Port Blair]], [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], (upto 1947)
| ideology         = [[Nationalism]]<br>[[Communism]]<br>[[Marxism]]<br>[[Socialism]]
| position        = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
| partof          = [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
| opponents        = {{flag|British Empire}}
| colors          = {{color box|red}} [[Red]]
}}
}}
{{Anushilan Samiti}}
{{Communism in India}}
'''Communist Consolidation''' (26 April 1935 – 15 August 1947) was an [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]] and [[Communism|communist]] organization, formed among the prisoners of [[Andaman Islands|Andaman]] [[Cellular Jail]] on 26th of april 1935. It was the largest resistance group against [[British Raj|British rule]] in the [[Cellular Jail|Cellular]] Prison, the historical 36-day [[Hunger strike|Hunger Strike]] in 1937 was led by this organization. Many legendary [[Freedom fighter|Freedom Fighter]]s was the members of this [[Organization]] and this organization was towards to uproot the [[British Raj|British rule]] from [[India]] as well as to make [[Communism|Communist]] [[India]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Bandi Jeevan|publisher=[[Sachindra Nath Sanyal]]|date=1 January 2017|isbn=8184408978|language=Hindi}}</ref>


==History (before 1935)==
'''Communist Consolidation''' (1935{{snd}}1938) was a radical [[Communism|communist]] organization, founded by the prisoners of the [[Cellular Jail]] who get influenced by the philosophy of [[Marxism]]. In the mid-1930s, it became the largest resistance group against [[British Raj|British rule]] in the jail; this organization also led the historical 36-day [[hunger strike]] in 1937, where the british government had to bow before the demands of the political prisoners.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2007-01-13 |title=History of Andaman Cellular Jail |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070113111037/http://www.andamancellularjail.org/History.htm |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
The history of Communist Consolidation is older than group when it was formed in 1935. The history of Communist Consolidation starts on 12 May 1933, Some of the prisoners gathered and started a [[Hunger strike|Hunger Strike]] fast undo death. [[Mahavir Singh (revolutionary)|Mahavir Singh]], [[Mohan Kishore Namadas]] and [[Mohit Moitra]] died during this hunger strike. Their bodies were quietly ferreted away and thrown out to sea. [[Central Jail Lahore]] inspector Barker was called to break the hunger strike. He issued orders to stop the issuing of drinking water. The freedom fighters were resolute. There was a huge outcry throughout India because of this hunger strike. The [[British Raj]] had to bow and the demands to the freedom fighters to stop the hunger strike finally freedom fighter had to accepted it and the 46 days hunger strike ended on 26 June 1933. Before the first [[hunger strike]] in [[Cellular Jail]] the food that was given was not fit for human consumption. There were worms when you opened the bread and wild grass was boiled and served in lieu of vegetables. Rain drinking water was full of insects and worms. The 13' X 6' cells were dark and damp and dingy thickly coated with moss. There were no toilets. There were no lights, no reading material. Prisoners were not allowed to meet with each other. The guards carried out physical torture and flogging. But after the first hunger strike happened and three reputed revolutionary freedom fighter died then the facilities of Jail rose quickly then there was light in the cells. The prisoners started getting newspapers, books in periodicals. They were allowed to meet. The facility to read individually or on a collective basis was allowed. The opportunity to play sports and organise cultural events was given. The jail work was reduced to minimal. the guards of the jail started to respect the freedom fighters and a marked improvement in their behaviour.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Majumdar|first=Ramesh Chandra|title=Penal Settlement in Andamans|publisher=Government of India|year=1975|location=Delhi|pages=339|language=English}}</ref>
[[File:Andaman Cellular Jail (1).jpg|thumb|In 2001, Guardian had an article describing Cellular Jail and [[Mahavir Singh (revolutionary)|Mahavir Singh's]] death at this dreaded [[Cellular Jail|Jail]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2001-06-23|title=Survivors of our hell|url=http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2001/jun/23/weekend.adrianlevy|access-date=2022-01-26|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref>]]


==Formation of Communist Consolidation (1935)==
==History (Before 1935)==
In 1935 Communist Consolidation was founded by 39 inmates but the main masterminded person to formed this group was [[Hare Krishna Konar]]. The maximum of Its founders belong to the minority tendency of the [[Marxism|Marxist]] and [[Communism|Communist]] or [[Jugantar]] part of [[Anushilan Samiti]]. Although this was a secret revolutionary group and the members of this organization swelled higher and higher. In other Indian jails, several of whom were men of high educated and had been permitted all sorts of books for study in jail. On their release the prisoners keep over their literature career to the freedom fighter, but firstly the warders of [[Cellular Jail]] do not check wether any body has brought books or not but after some whispering the waders of [[Cellular Jail]] were alarmed and started to checked the people who ever outsider entered in [[Cellular Jail]], The supervision of the Communist Consolidation was extremely defective and the convicts that he had been able to smuggle at that higher security a lot volume of [[Communism|Communist]], [[Marxism|Marxist]] and [[Socialism|Socialist]] literature books from [[Central Jail Lahore]] inside the [[Cellular Jail]] by Narayan Roy, [[Niranjan Sengupta]], the prisoners requested some contacts living in [[Andaman Islands|Andamans]] outside the [[Cellular Jail]] to get books direct from the continent and smuggle them through warders and prisoners also requested their relatives to send them particular books. When they arrived in [[Cellular Jail]], they were checked by the authorities who finding them objectionable set them aside. However, some of the freedom fighters who were working as ‘munshis’ in the jail office who picked those books and gave them to their comrades''.'' Finally, a library was made with the collection of books by the [[Freedom Fighter|Freedom Fighters]] and [[Comrade|Comrades]] of [[Cellular Jail]]. The prisoners spent most of their time in reading [[Communism|Communist]] or [[Socialism|Socialist]] literature as a result that there was hardly any left who had not been become a confirmed [[Communism|Communist]] or [[Socialism|Socialist]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />  
The history of Communist Consolidation starts before its official formation in 1935. On 12 May 1933, some of the prisoners of [[Cellular Jail]] gathered and started a [[hunger strike]], causing the deaths of [[Mahavir Singh (revolutionary)|Mahavir Singh]], [[Mohan Kishore Namadas]], and [[Mohit Moitra]]. The [[British Raj]] acceded to the demands of the freedom fighters to stop the hunger strike, and finally, after 46 days, the hunger strike ended on 26 June 1933.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2007-03-11 |title=www.tripurainfo.com |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311111509/http://tripurainfo.com/cgi-bin/news/display.cgi?MODE=ShowDetails&ID=27 |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref>


The leaders of the groups held study circles, in which the principles of [[Socialism]], [[Marxism]] and [[Communism]] were explained they named this study circle as "A veritable university of Freedom Fighters". In year 1936 the members of this organization claimed that they were fighting to uproot [[British Raj]] as well as to make the country totally [[Communism|Communist]] [[India|Country]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2007-01-13|title=History of Andaman Cellular Jail|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070113111037/http://www.andamancellularjail.org/History.htm#Link15|access-date=2022-02-10|website=web.archive.org}}</ref> [[File:What a man writes in a post.jpg|thumb|A social media post in 2017]]
==Formation in 1935==
[[Dhanwantri]], [[Bejoy Kumar Sinha]], [[Batukeshwar Dutt]], Bankeshwar, Narayan Roy and [[Niranjan Sengupta]] were appointed to the editorial board of a [[manuscript]] paper called "The Call", which they published from [[Cellular Jail]]. “The “Call” was started as a monthly paper, members of the Consolidation Committee contributed articles on different subjects dealing with [[Communism]] and [[Socialism|Socialism.]] “The Call” was a manuscript paper. Only one copy was written and placed in the library the newspaper ''had about 150 pages.'' The activities of the Communist Consolidation continued unhindered till about the middle of 1937.<ref>{{Cite web|last=ahmed|first=zubair|title=Cellular Jail: Stories of Clemency and Betrayal|url=https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/newsdetail/index/2/15951/cellular-jail-stories-of-clemency-and-betrayal|access-date=2022-02-14|website=www.thecitizen.in|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
In 1935, Communist Consolidation was founded by 39 inmates, but the main mastermind to form this group was [[Hare Krishna Konar]]. The majority of its members belong to the minority tendency of the [[Marxism|Marxist]] and [[Communism|Communist]] or [[Jugantar]] part of [[Anushilan Samiti]]. Although this was a secret revolutionary group, the members of this organization swelled higher and higher.<ref name="majumdar">{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=Ramesh Chandra |author-link=R. C. Majumdar |title=Penal Settlement in Andamans |publisher=Government of India |year=1975 |location=Delhi |pages= |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Bejoy Kumar |author-link=Bejoy Kumar Sinha |url=https://books.google.co.in/books/about/In_Andamans_the_Indian_Bastille.html?id=0EpuAAAAMAAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |title=In Andamans, the Indian Bastille |publisher=People's Publishing House |year=1988 |isbn=8170070775 |language=English}}</ref>


[[Class conflict|class struggle]]. [[May Day]], [[October Revolution|November Revolution]], etc. were celebrated with due dignity in prison. [[Nationalism|Nationalist slogans]] like [[Bande Mataram (publication)|Bandemataram]], [[Bharat Mata|Bharat mata ki jai]] etc. were never used, instead slogans of class struggle like “[[Inquilab Zindabad]]”, “[[Workers of the world, unite!|Duniya ke Mazdooron ek ho]]”, etc. Were the first choice of the [[prisoner]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Saha|first=Murari Mohan|title=Documents of the Revolutionary Socialist Party|publisher=Lokayata Chetana Bikash Society|year=2001|location=Agartala|pages=21|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-03-11|title=www.tripurainfo.com|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311111509/http://tripurainfo.com/cgi-bin/news/display.cgi?MODE=ShowDetails&ID=27|access-date=2022-02-10|website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
They started a study circle named ''"A Veritable University of Freedom Fighters"'' and this group also started to teach about the principles of [[Socialism]], [[Marxism]], and [[Communism]], explaining how the [[October Revolution]] happened, who was [[Karl Marx]] and [[Friedrich Engels]], and finally, in 1936, the members of this organization claimed that they were fighting to uproot [[British Raj]] as well as to fight for the working class and backward class people; they understood that class struggle is equally important as freedom.<ref name=":0" />
[[File:Andaman Cellular Jail (2).jpg|thumb]]


==Members==
They only used the class struggle and political slogans “[[Inquilab Zindabad]]” and “[[Workers of the world, unite!|Duniya ke Mazdooron, ek ho!]]” because they claimed that at first they were [[Nationalism|nationalist]] prisoners, but after the formation of the Communist Consolidation and reading about the principals of [[Socialism]], [[Marxism]], and [[Communism]], they started believing themselves as political prisoners.<ref name="majumdar" />
The organization's membership expanded rapidly to more than 800 inmates.


Some of the members were:
==Second Hunger Strike==
*[[Hare Krishna Konar]], Founder of this organization, on April 1935<ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-07-14|title=Revolutionaries: Section 'K'|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060714121042/http://www.andamancellularjail.org/K1.htm|access-date=2022-02-10|website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
The long hunger strike movement in the Andamans in July and August 1937, led by the Communists, marked an important phase in India's national struggle. As nine-tenths of the total convicts in Andaman were from Bengal, the hunger strike of Andaman prisoners caused widespread outrage in Bengal, where a strong movement for the release of political prisoners began.<ref name=":1" />
*[[Niranjan Sengupta]]
 
*[[Sudhangshu Dasgupta]]
==Prominent members==
*[https://mayday.leftword.com/blog/post/the-photo-of-nalini-gupta Nalini Dasgupta]
<!--Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia-->
*[[Shiv Verma]]
<!--Please keep the list in alphabetical order by FIRST NAME-->
*[[Ganesh Ghosh]]
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
*[[Batukeshwar Dutt]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-05-03|title=Revolutionaries: Section 'D'|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503013636/http://www.andamancellularjail.org/D1.htm|access-date=2022-02-10|website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
|-
*[[Jaidev Kapoor]]
! width = "200" | Name
*[[Ambika Chakrabarty]]
! width =" 300" |Involved in
*[http://radhikaranjan.blogspot.com/2014/10/767-satish-chandra-pakrasi-1893-1973.html?m=1 Satish Prakrashi]
! Later life
*[[Sachindra Nath Sanyal]]
|-
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060517111941/http://www.uttarpara.com/people/dhrubesh.htm Biplabi Dhruvesh Chattopadhyay]
| [[Ambika Chakrabarty]]
*[http://radhikaranjan.blogspot.com/2013/04/ananta-kumar-chakraborty-bholada-1901.html?m=1 Ananta Chakroborty]
| [[Chittagong armoury raid]] of the [[Jugantar|Jugantar Party]]
*[[Subodh Roy]]
| Joint the [[Communist Party of India]], became elected to the [[Bengal Legislative Assembly]], and became a Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]].
*[[Bejoy Kumar Sinha]]
|-
*[[Jatindra Nath Das]]
| [[Ananta Singh]]
*Fakir Sen
| [[Chittagong armoury raid]] of the [[Jugantar|Jugantar Party]]
*[[Manmath Nath Gupta]]
| Joint the [[Communist Party of India]]. In the late 1960s, he formed a new far-left political group, the [[Revolutionary Communist Council of India]], in [[Calcutta]], but its members committed a number of bank robberies to raise funds for the purchase of weaponry and ammunition. This time of his life is extremely controversial.
|-
| [[Bejoy Kumar Sinha]]
| [[Bhagat Singh#Delhi Assembly bombing and arrest|Lahore Conspiracy Case]] of the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]
| Joint the [[Communist Party of India]]. In 1962, he contested the election from the Kanpur constituency but got defeated in that election.
|-
| [[Ganesh Ghosh]]
| [[Chittagong armoury raid]] of the [[Jugantar|Jugantar Party]]
| Joint the [[Communist Party of India]], during the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]], he sided with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], became the Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] and the Member of the [[4th Lok Sabha]].
|-
| [[Hare Krishna Konar]]
| Begut Robbery Case of the [[Jugantar|Jugantar Party]]
| Joint the [[Communist Party of India]], and during the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]] he became the founding member of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], the chief architect of the West Bengal land distribution, became the [[Ministry of Land & Land Reforms (West Bengal)|Minister of Land and Land Reforms]] and the Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]].
|-
| [[Niranjan Sengupta]]
| Leader of the [[Barisal]] branch of the [[Dhaka Anushilan Samiti]]
| Joint the [[Communist Party of India]] and became a Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] and During the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]], he sided with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and became the Minister of Refugees, Relief and Rehabilitation, and Jails, of the [[Government of West Bengal]].
|-
| [[Satish Pakrashi]]
| [[Anushilan Samiti]]
| Joint the [[Communist Party of India]], became a member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Council]]. During the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]], he sided with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and became a member of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal]]
|-
| [[Shiv Verma]]
| [[Bhagat Singh#Delhi Assembly bombing and arrest|Lahore Conspiracy Case]] of the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]
| Joint the [[Communist Party of India]] and became Secretary of the Uttar Pradesh state committee. During the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]], he sided with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].
|-
| [[Subodh Roy]]
| [[Chittagong armoury raid]] of the [[Jugantar|Jugantar Party]]
| Joint the [[Communist Party of India]], during the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]], he sided with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and became a member of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal]]
|-
| [[Sudhangshu Dasgupta]]
| Mechuabazar Bomb Case of the [[Anushilan Samiti]]
| Joint the [[Communist Party of India]], later became the founder editor of the Deshhitaishee. During the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]], he sided with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and became a member of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal]], and also became a member of the state secretariat for a period.
|}


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|India|Communism|Socialism}}
*[[Indian independence movement]]
* [[Cellular Jail]]
*[[List of communist parties in India]]
* [[Indian independence movement]]
*[[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
* [[Communist Party of India]]
* [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
{{Indian Independence Movement}}{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}


[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
==External links==
{{Portal bar|India|Communism|Socialism}}
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}
 
[[Category:1935 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1935 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1935]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1935]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
[[Category:Organisations of Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Organisations of Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Communism in India]]
[[Category:Communism in India]]
[[Category:Communist organizations]]
[[Category:Communist organisations in India]]
[[Category:Communist organisations in India]]
[[Category:History of socialism]]
[[Category:Left-wing politics in India]]
[[Category:Defunct communist parties in India]]
[[Category:Socialism in India]]
[[Category:Leftist organisations in India]]
[[Category:Socialist organisations in India]]
[[Category:Politics of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
[[Category:Politics of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1935]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India]]

Latest revision as of 23:26, 10 October 2024



Communist Consolidation (1935 – 1938) was a radical communist organization, founded by the prisoners of the Cellular Jail who get influenced by the philosophy of Marxism. In the mid-1930s, it became the largest resistance group against British rule in the jail; this organization also led the historical 36-day hunger strike in 1937, where the british government had to bow before the demands of the political prisoners.[1]

Communist Consolidation
कम्युनिस्ट समेकन
LeaderShiv Verma
Hare Krishna Konar
Niranjan Sengupta
Foundation26 April 1935 (90 years ago) (1935-04-26) at Cellular Jail, Andaman
Dissolved1938
CountryBritish India
MotivesNational liberation
Ideology
Political positionFar-left
Part ofCommunism in India
Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
OpponentsBritish Empire

History (Before 1935)Edit

The history of Communist Consolidation starts before its official formation in 1935. On 12 May 1933, some of the prisoners of Cellular Jail gathered and started a hunger strike, causing the deaths of Mahavir Singh, Mohan Kishore Namadas, and Mohit Moitra. The British Raj acceded to the demands of the freedom fighters to stop the hunger strike, and finally, after 46 days, the hunger strike ended on 26 June 1933.[2]

Formation in 1935Edit

In 1935, Communist Consolidation was founded by 39 inmates, but the main mastermind to form this group was Hare Krishna Konar. The majority of its members belong to the minority tendency of the Marxist and Communist or Jugantar part of Anushilan Samiti. Although this was a secret revolutionary group, the members of this organization swelled higher and higher.[3][4]

They started a study circle named "A Veritable University of Freedom Fighters" and this group also started to teach about the principles of Socialism, Marxism, and Communism, explaining how the October Revolution happened, who was Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and finally, in 1936, the members of this organization claimed that they were fighting to uproot British Raj as well as to fight for the working class and backward class people; they understood that class struggle is equally important as freedom.[1]

They only used the class struggle and political slogans “Inquilab Zindabad” and “Duniya ke Mazdooron, ek ho!” because they claimed that at first they were nationalist prisoners, but after the formation of the Communist Consolidation and reading about the principals of Socialism, Marxism, and Communism, they started believing themselves as political prisoners.[3]

Second Hunger StrikeEdit

The long hunger strike movement in the Andamans in July and August 1937, led by the Communists, marked an important phase in India's national struggle. As nine-tenths of the total convicts in Andaman were from Bengal, the hunger strike of Andaman prisoners caused widespread outrage in Bengal, where a strong movement for the release of political prisoners began.[2]

Prominent membersEdit

Name Involved in Later life
Ambika Chakrabarty Chittagong armoury raid of the Jugantar Party Joint the Communist Party of India, became elected to the Bengal Legislative Assembly, and became a Member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly.
Ananta Singh Chittagong armoury raid of the Jugantar Party Joint the Communist Party of India. In the late 1960s, he formed a new far-left political group, the Revolutionary Communist Council of India, in Calcutta, but its members committed a number of bank robberies to raise funds for the purchase of weaponry and ammunition. This time of his life is extremely controversial.
Bejoy Kumar Sinha Lahore Conspiracy Case of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association Joint the Communist Party of India. In 1962, he contested the election from the Kanpur constituency but got defeated in that election.
Ganesh Ghosh Chittagong armoury raid of the Jugantar Party Joint the Communist Party of India, during the 1964 split in the Communist Party of India, he sided with the Communist Party of India (Marxist), became the Member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and the Member of the 4th Lok Sabha.
Hare Krishna Konar Begut Robbery Case of the Jugantar Party Joint the Communist Party of India, and during the 1964 split in the Communist Party of India he became the founding member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), the chief architect of the West Bengal land distribution, became the Minister of Land and Land Reforms and the Member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly.
Niranjan Sengupta Leader of the Barisal branch of the Dhaka Anushilan Samiti Joint the Communist Party of India and became a Member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and During the 1964 split in the Communist Party of India, he sided with the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and became the Minister of Refugees, Relief and Rehabilitation, and Jails, of the Government of West Bengal.
Satish Pakrashi Anushilan Samiti Joint the Communist Party of India, became a member of the West Bengal Legislative Council. During the 1964 split in the Communist Party of India, he sided with the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and became a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal
Shiv Verma Lahore Conspiracy Case of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association Joint the Communist Party of India and became Secretary of the Uttar Pradesh state committee. During the 1964 split in the Communist Party of India, he sided with the Communist Party of India (Marxist).
Subodh Roy Chittagong armoury raid of the Jugantar Party Joint the Communist Party of India, during the 1964 split in the Communist Party of India, he sided with the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and became a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal
Sudhangshu Dasgupta Mechuabazar Bomb Case of the Anushilan Samiti Joint the Communist Party of India, later became the founder editor of the Deshhitaishee. During the 1964 split in the Communist Party of India, he sided with the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and became a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal, and also became a member of the state secretariat for a period.

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "History of Andaman Cellular Jail". web.archive.org. 13 January 2007. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "www.tripurainfo.com". web.archive.org. 11 March 2007. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra (1975). Penal Settlement in Andamans. Delhi: Government of India.
  4. ↑ Sinha, Bejoy Kumar (1988). In Andamans, the Indian Bastille. People's Publishing House. ISBN 8170070775.

External linksEdit

Template:Indian Revolutionary Movement

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