Syed Salahuddin: Difference between revisions

Syed Mohammed Yusuf Shah
Syed Mohammed Yusuf Shah
Born	18 February 1946 (age 80); Soibugh, Kashmir and Jammu, British India; (now in Jammu and Kashmir, India)
Alma mater	University of Kashmir
Spouse(s)	Nafisa
Children	7

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Latest revision as of 00:18, 19 October 2025

Mohammad Yusuf Shah (born 18 February or December 1946), commonly known as Syed Salahuddin, is the head of Hizbul Mujahideen, a militant organization operating in Kashmir. He also heads the United Jihad Council, a Pakistan-based conglomeration of jihadist militant groups sponsored by the ISI,^[1]^[2] with the goal of merging Jammu and Kashmir with Pakistan.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Salahuddin vowed to block any peaceful resolution to the Kashmir conflict, threatened to train more Kashmiri suicide bombers, and vowed to turn the Kashmir valley "into a graveyard for Indian forces."^[7]^[8] He is listed on the Most Wanted List of India's National Investigation Agency.^[9] He is named as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist by the US Department Of State.^[10]^[11] Salahuddin dismissed the listing as "a joint move by the US, Israel, and India to express their animosity towards Pakistan."^[12]^[13]^[14] Pakistan also dismissed sanction against him.^[15] In May 2020, Indian media called an attack on him a warning by Pakistani intelligence.^[16]

In August 2020 India's Enforcement Directorate filed a charge-sheet.^[17] A court in New Delhi issued a summons in 2021 in relation to a terror funding case.^[18] In 2022, India's NIA court ordered charges to be framed against him and others.^[19]

Early life and education[edit | edit source]

Syed Mohammad Yusuf Shah was born in December 1946 in Soibugh, Budgam, a village in the Kashmir Valley. His maternal grandfather Gulla Saheb was a well-known spiritual figure. His father was a farmer.^[20]

Yusuf Shah studied under his maternal grandfather's guidance, who took an interest in his education. In high school, Shah composed poetry in English and regularly participated in debate competitions.^[21] He finished Intermediate in science with first-class marks.^[20] Then he studied arts at the Sri Pratap College, Srinagar and Masters in Political Science at the University of Kashmir, receiving his degree in 1971.^[20] Later he became an Islamic teacher at a madrasa or traditional religious seminary.^[22]

Political career[edit | edit source]

Jamaat-e-Islami[edit | edit source]

A year after his graduation, Yusuf Shah was appointed as the tehsil chief of Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir for Budgam. Later he became the chief Nizam-e-Aala for the Jamaat-e-Islami's student wing, Tehreek-e-Talaba. In 1986, he was appointed the district chief of Jamaat for the Srinagar district.^[20] According to a biography in the Hindustan Times, he was a notable Islamic scholar and preacher.^[23] His Friday sermons at the Exhibition Grounds in Srinagar were popular with the youth. His sermons were contemporary and "had the power to articular what was in our minds", according to Showkat Ahmad Bakhshi of the Islamic Students League.^[24]

Muslim United Front[edit | edit source]

In 1987, Yusuf Shah contested the J&K assembly election as a candidate of the Muslim United Front, in Srinagar's Amira Kadal constituency.^[20] The Islamic Students League campaigned for him and provided the "street power" to counter the cadres of the National Conference. Yasin Malik served as his campaign manager and Ajaz Dar, who had a licensed gun, served as his unofficial bodyguard.^[24] There is consensus among the scholars that the election was 'stolen' and Ghulam Mohiuddin Shah of the National Conference was declared as the winner despite Yusuf Shah having had the lead.^[24]^[25]^[26] Yusuf Shah as well as Yasin Malik, along with other supporters, were arrested and put in jail without trial.^[27]

Militancy career[edit | edit source]

Hizbul Mujahideen[edit | edit source]

After his arrest for violent protests and release in 1989, he then joined Hizbul Mujahideen founded by Muhammad Ahsan Dar alias "Master" who later parted from Hizbul Mujahideen. He soon took over as the chief of Hizbul Mujahideen and then adopted nom de guerre "Syed Salahuddin", named after Saladin,^[28] the 12th century Sunni Muslim political and military leader, who fought in The Third Crusade.

We are fighting Pakistan's war in Kashmir and if it withdraws its support, the war would be fought inside Pakistan
— Syed Salahuddin^[29]

In June 2012 in an interview, Hizb-ul-Mujahideen chief Syed Salahuddin accepted that Pakistan had been backing Hizb-ul-Mujahideen for fight in Kashmir.^[29] He had declared to start attacking Pakistan if it ceased support of jihadis in Jammu and Kashmir, as they were fighting "Pakistan's war".^[29]^[4]

Designation as a terrorist by U.S.[edit | edit source]

On 26 June 2017 the US Department of State has designated Mohammad Yusuf Shah, also known as Syed Salahuddin, as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist (SDGT) under Section 1(b) of Executive Order (E.O.) 13224, which imposes sanctions on foreign persons who have committed, or pose a significant risk of committing, acts of terrorism that threaten the security of U.S. nationals or the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States. As a consequence of this designation, U.S. persons are generally prohibited from engaging in transactions with Salahuddin and all of Salahuddin's property and interests in property subject to United States jurisdiction are blocked.^[7] He is designated as an Indian national with a date of birth of 1952 and addresses in Muzaffarabad (the capital of Pak administered Kashmir, Pakistan), Rawalpindi (the Pakistan military headquarters) and Islamabad.^[30]

Pakistan rejected the US sanctions against him.^[15]

Personal life[edit | edit source]

Family[edit | edit source]

Shah is married, with five sons and two daughters. Writing in 2017, Indian journalist Barkha Dutt, who met him in Rawalpindi, stated that none of Syed Salahuddin's children had been involved in militancy, and that four of them had held government jobs.^[31]

Two sons were removed from government offices in Jammu and Kashmir in 2021.^[32] In the next month one of his sons, Syed Shakeel Yousuf was arrested, in a terror funding case. Shahid, another son, had been arrested before.^[33]

References[edit | edit source]

↑ Kashmir: Confrontation and Miscalculation, International Crisis Group, 2002, p. 6, archived from the original on 26 April 2022, retrieved 26 April 2022
↑ Snedden, Christopher (2013) [first published as The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir, 2012]. Kashmir: The Unwritten History. HarperCollins India. p. 198. ISBN 978-93-5029-898-5.
↑ PTI (8 June 2012). "Hizb chief Syed Salahuddin warns Pakistan against withdrawing support on Kashmir". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Sheikh, Zafar Mahmood (31 May 2012). "Normalization of Indo-Pak ties hurts Kashmir cause: Salahuddin". Arab News. Archived from the original on 9 June 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
↑ Shahid, Kunwar Khuldune (30 May 2017). "Time for Pakistan to Cut Ties With Hizbul Mujahideen". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
↑ Pike, John. "Hizb-ul-Mujahideen". www.globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 "State Department Terrorist Designations of Mohammad Yusuf Shah AKA Syed Salahuddin". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
↑ Siddiqui, AP | Naveed (26 June 2017). "Kashmiri militant leader punished as Modi visits US". DAWN.COM. Archived from the original on 18 September 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
↑ Bloeria, Conflicts in Jammu and Kashmir 2012.
↑ "State Department Terrorist Designations of Mohammad Yusuf Shah AKA Syed Salahuddin". US Department of State. 26 June 2017. Archived from the original on 9 August 2017.
↑ "India stands vindicated as US names Hizbul chief Syed Salahuddin 'global terrorist'". The Times of India. 26 July 2017. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
↑ Mir, M A (1 July 2017). "Top Kashmiri militant sees 'India-US-Israel nexus' behind his terrorist designation". The Express Tribune. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
↑ Singh, Bhairavi (3 July 2017). Panicker, Raija Susan (ed.). "In TV Interview, Hizbul Mujahideen's Syed Salahuddin Exposes Pakistan's Role In Terror". NDTV. Archived from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
↑ "Blacklisted Kashmiri Leader Vows To Continue Fight Over Kashmir". TOLOnews. 2 July 2017. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 Johnson, Kay (27 June 2017). "Pakistan rejects US sanctions against Hizbul chief Syed Salahuddin". Livemint. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
↑ "Attack on Hizbul Mujahideen chief Syed Salahuddin in Pak rattles terrorists in J&K". DNA India. 30 May 2020. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
↑ "ED files charge sheet against HM chief Syed Salahuddin and others for terror funding". Deccan Herald. PTI. 25 August 2020. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
↑ "Terror funding: Court issues summons against HM chief Syed Salahuddin, others". Greater Kashmir. Press Trust of India. 9 December 2021. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
↑ "NIA court orders framing of charges against Yasin Malik, Pakistani terrorists Hafiz Saeed, Syed Salahuddin". Financial Express. 19 March 2022. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
↑ ^20.0 ^20.1 ^20.2 ^20.3 ^20.4 'Nobody can hand me over to India' Archived 11 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Rediff, 8 August 2006.
↑ Aggarwal, Neil Krishan (2023). Militant Leadership: Person-Centered Studies from Kashmir. Oxford scholarship online Psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-19-764041-8.
↑ "Syed Salahuddin: teacher to terror commander". The Indian Express. 28 June 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2025.
↑ Abhishek Saha, Syed Salahuddin: From political science student in Kashmir to 'global terrorist' Archived 11 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Hindustan times, 27 June 2017.
↑ ^24.0 ^24.1 ^24.2 Saima Bhat, Battleground Amira Kadal Archived 12 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Kashmir Life, 24 March 2016.
↑ Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace (2003), pp. 48–49: "As counting of ballots begins, it becomes clear that the MUF's Yusuf Shah, a member of a conservative religious party called the Jama'at-i-Islami, is winning by a landslide. This is his third attempt to be elected to the IJK assembly, and finally the public seems to be en masse on his side. The other Shah, routed in the contest, leaves the counting center in a visibly dejected mood and goes home. But he is summoned back—to be declared the winner by presiding officials."
↑ Habibullah, Wajahat (2008), My Kashmir: Conflict and the Prospects for Enduring Peace, Washington DC: United States Institute for Peace Press, p. 61, ISBN 978-1-60127-031-3, Having spoken to several participants, I am satisfied that there is not the slightest exaggeration in Bose's account of what transpired in the Amira Kadal constituency.
↑ Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003, pp. 48–49.
↑ "What Connects Syed Salahuddin and Kashmir's Separatists". HuffPost India. 14 June 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2025.
↑ ^29.0 ^29.1 ^29.2 PTI (8 June 2012). "Hizb chief Syed Salahuddin warns Pakistan against withdrawing support on Kashmir". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 17 June 2013.
↑ "SHAH, Mohammad Yusuf". sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov. Archived from the original on 9 September 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
↑ Barkha Dutt. "When I met Salahuddin in Pakistan." The Week, July 9, 2017.
↑ Ashiq, Peerzada (10 July 2021). "Hizbul Mujahideen chief Syed Salahuddin's sons among 11 terminated from J&K government services". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
↑ PTI (30 August 2018). "Terror funding: NIA arrests Syed Salahuddin's son". The Hindu BusinessLine. Archived from the original on 2 June 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2022.

Bibliography[edit | edit source]

Bloeria, S. S. (2012), "Conflict overview", in V. R. Raghavan (ed.), Conflicts in Jammu and Kashmir: Impact on Polity, Society and Economy, Vij Books India Pvt Ltd, pp. 15–56, ISBN 978-93-82573-33-3

External links[edit | edit source]

Who is Syed Salahuddin, chief of Hizbul Mujahideen?, Indian Express, 30 June 2017.
Interview with rediff.com, dated 27 August 2001
Interview with rediff.com, dated 9 January 2007
Terror in twilight, dated 26 August – 8 September 2006

Template:Fugitives wanted by India

[1] Kashmir: Confrontation and Miscalculation, International Crisis Group, 2002, p. 6, archived from the original on 26 April 2022, retrieved 26 April 2022

[2] Snedden, Christopher (2013) [first published as The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir, 2012]. Kashmir: The Unwritten History. HarperCollins India. p. 198. ISBN 978-93-5029-898-5.

[3] PTI (8 June 2012). "Hizb chief Syed Salahuddin warns Pakistan against withdrawing support on Kashmir". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2012.

[arab_news_pak-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Sheikh, Zafar Mahmood (31 May 2012). "Normalization of Indo-Pak ties hurts Kashmir cause: Salahuddin". Arab News. Archived from the original on 9 June 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2012.

[5] Shahid, Kunwar Khuldune (30 May 2017). "Time for Pakistan to Cut Ties With Hizbul Mujahideen". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2017.

[6] Pike, John. "Hizb-ul-Mujahideen". www.globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2017.

[U.S._Department_of_State-7] 7.0 ^7.1 "State Department Terrorist Designations of Mohammad Yusuf Shah AKA Syed Salahuddin". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2017.

[8] Siddiqui, AP | Naveed (26 June 2017). "Kashmiri militant leader punished as Modi visits US". DAWN.COM. Archived from the original on 18 September 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2017.

[FOOTNOTEBloeria,_Conflicts_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir2012-9] Bloeria, Conflicts in Jammu and Kashmir 2012.

[10] "State Department Terrorist Designations of Mohammad Yusuf Shah AKA Syed Salahuddin". US Department of State. 26 June 2017. Archived from the original on 9 August 2017.

[11] "India stands vindicated as US names Hizbul chief Syed Salahuddin 'global terrorist'". The Times of India. 26 July 2017. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.

[12] Mir, M A (1 July 2017). "Top Kashmiri militant sees 'India-US-Israel nexus' behind his terrorist designation". The Express Tribune. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2017.

[13] Singh, Bhairavi (3 July 2017). Panicker, Raija Susan (ed.). "In TV Interview, Hizbul Mujahideen's Syed Salahuddin Exposes Pakistan's Role In Terror". NDTV. Archived from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2017.

[14] "Blacklisted Kashmiri Leader Vows To Continue Fight Over Kashmir". TOLOnews. 2 July 2017. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2017.

[:0-15] 15.0 ^15.1 Johnson, Kay (27 June 2017). "Pakistan rejects US sanctions against Hizbul chief Syed Salahuddin". Livemint. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.

[16] "Attack on Hizbul Mujahideen chief Syed Salahuddin in Pak rattles terrorists in J&K". DNA India. 30 May 2020. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.

[17] "ED files charge sheet against HM chief Syed Salahuddin and others for terror funding". Deccan Herald. PTI. 25 August 2020. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.

[18] "Terror funding: Court issues summons against HM chief Syed Salahuddin, others". Greater Kashmir. Press Trust of India. 9 December 2021. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.

[19] "NIA court orders framing of charges against Yasin Malik, Pakistani terrorists Hafiz Saeed, Syed Salahuddin". Financial Express. 19 March 2022. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.

[Rediff-20] 20.0 ^20.1 ^20.2 ^20.3 ^20.4 'Nobody can hand me over to India' Archived 11 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Rediff, 8 August 2006.

[21] Aggarwal, Neil Krishan (2023). Militant Leadership: Person-Centered Studies from Kashmir. Oxford scholarship online Psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-19-764041-8.

[22] "Syed Salahuddin: teacher to terror commander". The Indian Express. 28 June 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2025.

[HT-23] Abhishek Saha, Syed Salahuddin: From political science student in Kashmir to 'global terrorist' Archived 11 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Hindustan times, 27 June 2017.

[Battleground-24] 24.0 ^24.1 ^24.2 Saima Bhat, Battleground Amira Kadal Archived 12 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Kashmir Life, 24 March 2016.

[25] Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace (2003), pp. 48–49: "As counting of ballots begins, it becomes clear that the MUF's Yusuf Shah, a member of a conservative religious party called the Jama'at-i-Islami, is winning by a landslide. This is his third attempt to be elected to the IJK assembly, and finally the public seems to be en masse on his side. The other Shah, routed in the contest, leaves the counting center in a visibly dejected mood and goes home. But he is summoned back—to be declared the winner by presiding officials."

[26] Habibullah, Wajahat (2008), My Kashmir: Conflict and the Prospects for Enduring Peace, Washington DC: United States Institute for Peace Press, p. 61, ISBN 978-1-60127-031-3, Having spoken to several participants, I am satisfied that there is not the slightest exaggeration in Bose's account of what transpired in the Amira Kadal constituency.

[FOOTNOTEBose,_Kashmir:_Roots_of_Conflict,_Paths_to_Peace2003pp._48–49-27] Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003, pp. 48–49.

[28] "What Connects Syed Salahuddin and Kashmir's Separatists". HuffPost India. 14 June 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2025.

[toi_pak_war-29] 29.0 ^29.1 ^29.2 PTI (8 June 2012). "Hizb chief Syed Salahuddin warns Pakistan against withdrawing support on Kashmir". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 17 June 2013.

[30] "SHAH, Mohammad Yusuf". sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov. Archived from the original on 9 September 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2022.

[31] Barkha Dutt. "When I met Salahuddin in Pakistan." The Week, July 9, 2017.

[32] Ashiq, Peerzada (10 July 2021). "Hizbul Mujahideen chief Syed Salahuddin's sons among 11 terminated from J&K government services". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.

[33] PTI (30 August 2018). "Terror funding: NIA arrests Syed Salahuddin's son". The Hindu BusinessLine. Archived from the original on 2 June 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2022.

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@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 | name               = Syed Mohammed Yusuf Shah
 | birth_date         = {{birth date and age|1946|2|18|df=y}}
-| birth_place        = [[Soibugh]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Kashmir and Jammu]], [[British Indian Empire]]<br /> (now in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India)
+| birth_place        = [[Soibugh]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Kashmir and Jammu]], [[British India]]<br /> (now in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India)
 | alma_mater         = [[University of Kashmir]]
 | spouse             = Nafisa
@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 }}
-'''Mohammad Yusuf Shah''', commonly known as '''Syed Salahuddin''', is the head of [[Hizbul Mujahideen]], a [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|separatist]] organization operating in [[Kashmir]]. He also heads the [[United Jihad Council]], a Pakistan-based conglomeration of jihadist militant groups sponsored by the [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]],<ref>
+'''Mohammad Yusuf Shah''' (born 18 February or December 1946), commonly known as '''Syed Salahuddin''', is the head of [[Hizbul Mujahideen]], a militant organization operating in [[Kashmir]]. He also heads the [[United Jihad Council]], a Pakistan-based conglomeration of jihadist militant groups sponsored by the [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]],<ref>{{citation |author= |title=Kashmir: Confrontation and Miscalculation |date=2002 |url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-asia/kashmir/kashmir-confrontation-and-miscalculation |page=6 |publisher=International Crisis Group |access-date=26 April 2022 |archive-date=26 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426134321/https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-asia/kashmir/kashmir-confrontation-and-miscalculation |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>
-{{citation |author= |title=Kashmir: Confrontation and Miscalculation |date=2002 |url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-asia/kashmir/kashmir-confrontation-and-miscalculation |page=6 |publisher=International Crisis Group}}
+{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0cPjAAAAQBAJ |title=Kashmir: The Unwritten History |last=Snedden |first=Christopher |publisher=HarperCollins India |year=2013 |isbn=978-93-5029-898-5 |page=198 |orig-date=first published as ''The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir'', 2012}}
-</ref><ref>
+</ref> with the goal of merging [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory) |Jammu and Kashmir]] with Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |last=PTI |title=Hizb chief Syed Salahuddin warns Pakistan against withdrawing support on Kashmir |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/Hizb-chief-Syed-Salahuddin-warns-Pakistan-against-withdrawing-support-on-Kashmir/articleshow/13932562.cms |access-date=8 June 2012 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=8 Jun 2012 |archive-date=11 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411062635/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/Hizb-chief-Syed-Salahuddin-warns-Pakistan-against-withdrawing-support-on-Kashmir/articleshow/13932562.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="arab_news_pak">{{cite news |last=Sheikh |first=Zafar Mahmood |date=31 May 2012 |title=Normalization of Indo-Pak ties hurts Kashmir cause: Salahuddin |newspaper=[[Arab News]] |url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/413443 |access-date=8 June 2012 |archive-date=9 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609043511/http://www.arabnews.com/node/413443 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Shahid |first=Kunwar Khuldune |date=May 30, 2017 |title=Time for Pakistan to Cut Ties With Hizbul Mujahideen |language=en-US |work=The Diplomat |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/05/time-for-pakistan-to-cut-ties-with-hizbul-mujahideen/ |access-date=2017-06-27 |archive-date=17 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117012758/https://thediplomat.com/2017/05/time-for-pakistan-to-cut-ties-with-hizbul-mujahideen/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/hum.htm |title=Hizb-ul-Mujahideen |last=Pike |first=John |website=www.globalsecurity.org |access-date=2017-06-27 |archive-date=14 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714213800/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/hum.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
-{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0cPjAAAAQBAJ |title=Kashmir: The Unwritten History |last=Snedden |first=Christopher |publisher=HarperCollins India |year=2013 |isbn=978-9350298985 |pages=198 |orig-year=first published as ''The Untold Story of the People of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir'', 2012}}
-</ref> with the goal of merging [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory) |Jammu and Kashmir]] with Pakistan.<ref>
+Salahuddin vowed to block any peaceful resolution to the Kashmir conflict, threatened to train more Kashmiri suicide bombers, and vowed to turn the Kashmir valley "into a graveyard for Indian forces."<ref name="U.S. Department of State">{{Cite news |url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2017/06/272168.htm |title=State Department Terrorist Designations of Mohammad Yusuf Shah AKA Syed Salahuddin |work=U.S. Department of State |access-date=2017-06-27 |language=en-US |archive-date=21 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121144706/https://www.state.gov/press-releases/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news  |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1341914/kashmiri-militant-leader-punished-as-modi-visits-us  |title=Kashmiri militant leader punished as Modi visits US  |last=Siddiqui  |first=AP {{!}} Naveed  |date=2017-06-26  |work=DAWN.COM  |access-date=2017-06-27  |language=en  |archive-date=18 September 2019  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918050039/https://www.dawn.com/news/1341914/kashmiri-militant-leader-punished-as-modi-visits-us  |url-status=live  }}</ref> He is listed on the [[NIA Most Wanted|Most Wanted List]] of India's [[National Investigation Agency]].{{sfn|Bloeria, Conflicts in Jammu and Kashmir|2012}} He is named as a [[Specially Designated Global Terrorist]] by the [[United States Department of State|US Department Of State]].<ref>
-{{cite news |last=PTI |title=Hizb chief Syed Salahuddin warns Pakistan against withdrawing support on Kashmir |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/Hizb-chief-Syed-Salahuddin-warns-Pakistan-against-withdrawing-support-on-Kashmir/articleshow/13932562.cms |access-date=8 June 2012 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=8 Jun 2012}}
+{{cite web |date=June 26, 2017 |title=State Department Terrorist Designations of Mohammad Yusuf Shah AKA Syed Salahuddin |url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2017/06/272168.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809195128/https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2017/06/272168.htm |archive-date=9 August 2017 |website=US Department of State}}
-</ref><ref name="arab_news_pak">
+</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=26 July 2017 |title=India stands vindicated as US names Hizbul chief Syed Salahuddin 'global terrorist' |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-stands-vindicated-as-us-names-hizb-man-syed-salahuddin-global-terrorist/articleshow/59326622.cms |access-date=26 April 2022 |archive-date=21 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121145016/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-stands-vindicated-as-us-names-hizb-man-syed-salahuddin-global-terrorist/articleshow/59326622.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Salahuddin dismissed the listing as "a joint move by the US, Israel, and India to express their animosity towards Pakistan."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mir |first=M A |date=2017-07-01 |title=Top Kashmiri militant sees 'India-US-Israel nexus' behind his terrorist designation |work=The Express Tribune |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1448045/declaring-terrorist-joint-move-us-israel-india-hum-chief-syed-salahuddin/ |access-date=2017-07-03 |archive-date=18 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718003038/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1448045/declaring-terrorist-joint-move-us-israel-india-hum-chief-syed-salahuddin/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Bhairavi |date=3 July 2017 |title=In TV Interview, Hizbul Mujahideen's Syed Salahuddin Exposes Pakistan's Role In Terror |work=NDTV |editor-last=Panicker |editor-first=Raija Susan |url=http://www.ndtv.com/world-news/pakistan-shouldnt-give-space-to-terrorists-government-sources-on-hizbul-mujahideens-syed-salahuddin-1719953 |access-date=2017-07-03 |archive-date=12 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812035127/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/pakistan-shouldnt-give-space-to-terrorists-government-sources-on-hizbul-mujahideens-syed-salahuddin-1719953 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2 July 2017 |title=Blacklisted Kashmiri Leader Vows To Continue Fight Over Kashmir |work=TOLOnews |url=http://www.tolonews.com/world/blacklisted-kashmiri-leader-vows-continue-fight-over-kashmir |access-date=2017-07-03 |archive-date=18 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718030723/https://www.tolonews.com/world/blacklisted-kashmiri-leader-vows-continue-fight-over-kashmir |url-status=live }}</ref> Pakistan also dismissed sanction against him.<ref name=":0" /> In May 2020, Indian media called an attack on him a warning by Pakistani intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2020 |title=Attack on Hizbul Mujahideen chief Syed Salahuddin in Pak rattles terrorists in J&K |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-attack-on-hizbul-mujahideen-chief-syed-salahuddin-in-pak-rattles-terrorists-in-jk-2826374 |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=DNA India |language=en |archive-date=26 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426133421/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-attack-on-hizbul-mujahideen-chief-syed-salahuddin-in-pak-rattles-terrorists-in-jk-2826374 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-{{cite news |last=Sheikh |first=Zafar Mahmood |date=31 May 2012 |title=Normalization of Indo-Pak ties hurts Kashmir cause: Salahuddin |newspaper=[[Arab News]] |url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/413443 |access-date=8 June 2012}}
-</ref><ref>
+In August 2020 India's [[Enforcement Directorate]] filed a charge-sheet.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-08-25 |agency=PTI |title=ED files charge sheet against HM chief Syed Salahuddin and others for terror funding |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/ed-files-charge-sheet-against-hm-chief-syed-salahuddin-and-others-for-terror-funding-877703.html |access-date=2022-04-26 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=26 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426132151/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/ed-files-charge-sheet-against-hm-chief-syed-salahuddin-and-others-for-terror-funding-877703.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A court in New Delhi issued a summons in 2021 in relation to a terror funding case.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 December 2021 |agency=Press Trust of India |title=Terror funding: Court issues summons against HM chief Syed Salahuddin, others |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/todays-paper/front-page/terror-funding-court-issues-summons-against-hm-chief-syed-salahuddin-others |access-date=2022-04-26 |newspaper=Greater Kashmir |archive-date=26 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426131920/https://www.greaterkashmir.com/todays-paper/front-page/terror-funding-court-issues-summons-against-hm-chief-syed-salahuddin-others |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2022, India's NIA court ordered charges to be framed against him and others.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 19, 2022 |title=NIA court orders framing of charges against Yasin Malik, Pakistani terrorists Hafiz Saeed, Syed Salahuddin |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/nia-court-orders-framing-of-charges-against-yasin-malik-pakistan-terrorists-hafiz-saeed-syed-salahuddin/2465101/ |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=Financial Express |archive-date=26 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426131920/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/nia-court-orders-framing-of-charges-against-yasin-malik-pakistan-terrorists-hafiz-saeed-syed-salahuddin/2465101/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
-{{Cite news |last=Shahid |first=Kunwar Khuldune |date=May 30, 2017 |title=Time for Pakistan to Cut Ties With Hizbul Mujahideen |language=en-US |work=The Diplomat |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/05/time-for-pakistan-to-cut-ties-with-hizbul-mujahideen/ |access-date=2017-06-27}}
-</ref><ref>
-{{Cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/hum.htm |title=Hizb-ul-Mujahideen |last=Pike |first=John |website=www.globalsecurity.org |access-date=2017-06-27}}</ref>
-Salahuddin vowed to block any peaceful resolution to the Kashmir conflict, threatened to train more Kashmiri suicide bombers, and vowed to turn the Kashmir valley "into a graveyard for Indian forces."<ref name="U.S. Department of State">
+==Early life and education==
-{{Cite news |url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2017/06/272168.htm |title=State Department Terrorist Designations of Mohammad Yusuf Shah AKA Syed Salahuddin |work=U.S. Department of State |access-date=2017-06-27 |language=en-US}}
+Syed Mohammad Yusuf Shah was born in December 1946 in [[Soibugh]], [[Budgam]], a village in the [[Kashmir Valley]]. His maternal grandfather Gulla Saheb was a well-known spiritual figure. His father was a farmer.<ref name=Rediff>[https://www.rediff.com/news/2006/aug/08inter.htm 'Nobody can hand me over to India'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111034239/https://www.rediff.com/news/2006/aug/08inter.htm |date=11 January 2022 }}, Rediff, 8 August 2006.</ref>
-</ref><ref>
-{{Cite news  |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1341914/kashmiri-militant-leader-punished-as-modi-visits-us  |title=Kashmiri militant leader punished as Modi visits US  |last=Siddiqui  |first=AP {{!}} Naveed  |date=2017-06-26 |work=DAWN.COM |access-date=2017-06-27 |language=en}}
-</ref> He is listed on the [[NIA Most Wanted|Most Wanted List]] of India's [[National Investigation Agency]].{{sfn|Bloeria, Conflicts in Jammu and Kashmir|2012}} He is named as a [[Specially Designated Global Terrorist]] by the [[United States Department of State|US Department Of State]].<ref>
-{{cite web |authors=Office of the Spokesperson Washington, DC |date=June 26, 2017 |title=State Department Terrorist Designations of Mohammad Yusuf Shah AKA Syed Salahuddin |url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2017/06/272168.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809195128/https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2017/06/272168.htm |archive-date=9 August 2017 |website=US Department of State}}
-</ref><ref>
-{{cite news |date=26 July 2017 |title=India stands vindicated as US names Hizbul chief Syed Salahuddin 'global terrorist' |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-stands-vindicated-as-us-names-hizb-man-syed-salahuddin-global-terrorist/articleshow/59326622.cms |access-date=26 April 2022}}
-</ref> Salahuddin dismissed the listing as "a joint move by the US, Israel, and India to express their animosity towards Pakistan."<ref>
-{{Cite news |last=Mir |first=M A |date=2017-07-01 |title=Top Kashmiri militant sees 'India-US-Israel nexus' behind his terrorist designation |work=The Express Tribune |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1448045/declaring-terrorist-joint-move-us-israel-india-hum-chief-syed-salahuddin/ |access-date=2017-07-03}}
-</ref><ref>
-{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Bhairavi |date=3 July 2017 |title=In TV Interview, Hizbul Mujahideen's Syed Salahuddin Exposes Pakistan's Role In Terror |work=NDTV |editor-last=Panicker |editor-first=Raija Susan |url=http://www.ndtv.com/world-news/pakistan-shouldnt-give-space-to-terrorists-government-sources-on-hizbul-mujahideens-syed-salahuddin-1719953 |access-date=2017-07-03}}
-</ref><ref>
-{{Cite news |date=2 July 2017 |title=Blacklisted Kashmiri Leader Vows To Continue Fight Over Kashmir |work=TOLOnews |url=http://www.tolonews.com/world/blacklisted-kashmiri-leader-vows-continue-fight-over-kashmir |access-date=2017-07-03}}
-</ref> Pakistan also dismissed sanction against him.<ref name=":0" /> In May 2020, an attack on him was called a warning by Pakistani intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2020 |title=Attack on Hizbul Mujahideen chief Syed Salahuddin in Pak rattles terrorists in J&K |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-attack-on-hizbul-mujahideen-chief-syed-salahuddin-in-pak-rattles-terrorists-in-jk-2826374 |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
-In August 2020 India's [[Enforcement Directorate]] filed a charge-sheet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-25 |others=PTI |title=ED files charge sheet against HM chief Syed Salahuddin and others for terror funding |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/ed-files-charge-sheet-against-hm-chief-syed-salahuddin-and-others-for-terror-funding-877703.html |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> A court in New Delhi issued a summons in 2021 in relation to a terror funding case.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2021 |others=Press Trust of India |title=Terror funding: Court issues summons against HM chief Syed Salahuddin, others |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/todays-paper/front-page/terror-funding-court-issues-summons-against-hm-chief-syed-salahuddin-others |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=Greater Kashmir}}</ref> In 2022, India's NIA court ordered charges to be framed against him and others.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 19, 2022 |title=NIA court orders framing of charges against Yasin Malik, Pakistani terrorists Hafiz Saeed, Syed Salahuddin |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/nia-court-orders-framing-of-charges-against-yasin-malik-pakistan-terrorists-hafiz-saeed-syed-salahuddin/2465101/ |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=Financial Express}}</ref>
+Yusuf Shah studied under his maternal grandfather's guidance, who took an interest in his education. In high school, Shah composed poetry in [[English poetry|English]] and regularly participated in debate competitions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Aggarwal |first=Neil Krishan |title=Militant Leadership: Person-Centered Studies from Kashmir |date=2023 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-764041-8 |series=Oxford scholarship online Psychology |location=New York, NY |pages=68}}</ref> He finished Intermediate in science with first-class marks.<ref name=Rediff/> Then he studied arts at the [[Sri Pratap College]], Srinagar and Masters in Political Science  at the [[University of Kashmir]], receiving his degree in 1971.<ref name=Rediff/> Later he became an Islamic teacher at a [[madrasa]] or traditional religious seminary.<ref>{{cite news |title=Syed Salahuddin: teacher to terror commander|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/salahuddin-teacher-to-terror-commander-4725290/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=28 June 2017 |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref>
-==Early life==
+== Political career ==
-Syed Mohammad Yusuf Shah was born in December 1946 in [[Soibugh]], [[Budgam]], a village in the [[Kashmir Valley]]. His maternal grandfather Gulla Saheb was a well-known spiritual figure. His father was a farmer.<ref name=Rediff>
-[https://www.rediff.com/news/2006/aug/08inter.htm 'Nobody can hand me over to India'], Rediff, 8 August 2006.
-</ref>
-Yusuf Shah studied under his grandfather's guidance, who took an interest in his education. In high school, Shah composed poetry in English and became an impressive debater. He finished Intermediate in science with first class marks.<ref name=Rediff/> Then he studied arts at the [[Sri Pratap College]], Srinagar and Masters in Political Science  at the [[University of Kashmir]], receiving his degree in 1971.<ref name=Rediff/> Later he became an Islamic teacher at a [[madrasa]].{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}
+=== Jamaat-e-Islami ===
-== Jamaat-e-Islami ==
+A year after his graduation, Yusuf Shah was appointed as the tehsil chief of [[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir]] for Budgam. Later he became the chief Nizam-e-Aala for the Jamaat-e-Islami's student wing, Tehreek-e-Talaba. In 1986, he was appointed the district chief of Jamaat for the Srinagar district.<ref name="Rediff" /> According to a biography in the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', he was a notable Islamic scholar and preacher.<ref name="HT">Abhishek Saha, [https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/syed-salahuddin-kashmiri-islamic-preacher-to-global-terrorist/story-lJuoHxTv5Tvd1SKpeIJDeP.html Syed Salahuddin: From political science student in Kashmir to 'global terrorist'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111034231/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/syed-salahuddin-kashmiri-islamic-preacher-to-global-terrorist/story-lJuoHxTv5Tvd1SKpeIJDeP.html |date=11 January 2022 }}, Hindustan times, 27 June 2017.</ref> His [[Friday prayer|Friday sermons]] at the Exhibition Grounds in Srinagar were popular with the youth. His sermons were contemporary and "had the power to articular what was in our minds", according to Showkat Ahmad Bakhshi of the [[Islamic Students League]].<ref name="Battleground">Saima Bhat, [https://kashmirlife.net/battleground-amira-kadal-issue-01-vol-08-100167/ Battleground Amira Kadal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112141939/https://kashmirlife.net/battleground-amira-kadal-issue-01-vol-08-100167/ |date=12 January 2022 }}, Kashmir Life, 24 March 2016.</ref>
-A year after his graduation, Yusuf Shah was appointed as the tehsil chief of [[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir]] for Budgam. Later he became the chief Nizam-e-Aala for the Jamaat-e-Islami's student wing, Tehreek-e-Talaba. In 1986, he was appointed the district chief of Jamaat for the Srinagar district.<ref name=Rediff/> According to a biography in the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', he was a notable Islamic scholar and preacher.<ref name=HT>
-Abhishek Saha, [https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/syed-salahuddin-kashmiri-islamic-preacher-to-global-terrorist/story-lJuoHxTv5Tvd1SKpeIJDeP.html Syed Salahuddin: From political science student in Kashmir to ‘global terrorist’], Hindustan times, 27 June 2017.
-</ref>
-His Friday sermons at the Exhibition Grounds in Srinagar were popular with the  youth. His sermons were contemporary and  "had the power to articular what was in our minds", according to Showkat Ahmad Bakhshi of the [[Islamic Students League]].<ref name="Battleground">
-Saima Bhat, [https://kashmirlife.net/battleground-amira-kadal-issue-01-vol-08-100167/ Battleground Amira Kadal], Kashmir Life, 24 March 2016.
-</ref>
-In 1987, Yusuf Shah contested the [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|J&K assembly election]] as a candidate of the  [[Muslim United Front]], in Srinagar's [[Amira Kadal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Amira Kadal]] constituency.<ref name=Rediff/> The Islamic Students League campaigned for him and provided the "street power" to counter the cadres of the National Conference. [[Yasin Malik]] served as his campaign manager and Ajaz Dar, who had a licensed gun, served as his unofficial bodyguard.<ref name="Battleground"/>
+=== Muslim United Front ===
-There is consensus among the scholars that the election was 'stolen' and
+In 1987, Yusuf Shah contested the [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|J&K assembly election]] as a candidate of the [[Muslim United Front]], in Srinagar's [[Amira Kadal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Amira Kadal]] constituency.<ref name="Rediff" /> The Islamic Students League campaigned for him and provided the "street power" to counter the cadres of the National Conference. [[Yasin Malik]] served as his campaign manager and Ajaz Dar, who had a licensed gun, served as his unofficial bodyguard.<ref name="Battleground" />
-[[Ghulam Mohiuddin Shah]] of the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]] was declared as the winner despite Yusuf Shah having had the lead.<ref name="Battleground"/><ref>
+There is consensus among the scholars that the election was 'stolen' and Ghulam Mohiuddin Shah of the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]] was declared as the winner despite Yusuf Shah having had the lead.<ref name="Battleground" /><ref>
-{{harvp|Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|loc=pp. 48–49: "As counting of ballots begins, it becomes clear that the MUF’s Yusuf Shah, a member of a conservative religious party called the Jama'at-i-Islami, is winning by a landslide. This is his third attempt to be elected to the IJK assembly, and finally the public seems to be en masse on his side. The other Shah, routed in the contest, leaves the counting center in a visibly dejected mood and goes home. But he is summoned back—to be declared the winner by presiding officials."}}
+{{harvp|Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|loc=pp. 48–49: "As counting of ballots begins, it becomes clear that the MUF's Yusuf Shah, a member of a conservative religious party called the Jama'at-i-Islami, is winning by a landslide. This is his third attempt to be elected to the IJK assembly, and finally the public seems to be en masse on his side. The other Shah, routed in the contest, leaves the counting center in a visibly dejected mood and goes home. But he is summoned back—to be declared the winner by presiding officials."}}
 </ref><ref>
 {{citation |last=Habibullah |first=Wajahat |title=My Kashmir: Conflict and the Prospects for Enduring Peace |publisher=United States Institute for Peace Press |location=Washington DC |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-60127-031-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=en4OMQAACAAJ |page=61 |quote=Having spoken to several participants, I am satisfied that there is not the slightest exaggeration in Bose's account of what transpired in the Amira Kadal constituency.}}
@@ Line 65: / Line 40: @@
 Yusuf Shah as well as Yasin Malik, along with other supporters, were arrested and put in jail without trial.{{sfn|Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|loc=pp. 48–49}}
-==Hizbul Mujahideen==
+== Militancy career ==
-After his arrest for violent protests and release in 1989, he then joined [[Hizbul Mujahideen]] founded by [[Muhammad Ahsan Dar]] alias "Master"  who later parted from Hizbul Mujahideen. He soon took over as the chief of Hizbul Mujahideen and then adopted ''nom de guerre'' "Syed Salahuddin", named after [[Saladin]],{{Citation needed|date=July 2016}} the 12th century Muslim political and military leader, who fought in the [[Crusades]].
+=== Hizbul Mujahideen ===
+After his arrest for violent protests and release in 1989, he then joined [[Hizbul Mujahideen]] founded by [[Muhammad Ahsan Dar]] alias "Master"  who later parted from Hizbul Mujahideen. He soon took over as the chief of Hizbul Mujahideen and then adopted ''nom de guerre'' "Syed Salahuddin", named after [[Saladin]],<ref>{{cite news |title=What Connects Syed Salahuddin and Kashmir's Separatists |url=https://www.huffpost.com/archive/in/entry/what-connects-syed-salahuddin-and-kashmirs-separatists_in_5c11edf0e4b0508b2135fa23 |work=HuffPost India |date=14 June 2017 |access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref> the 12th century Sunni Muslim political and military leader, who fought in [[The Third Crusade]].
 {{rquote|right|We are fighting Pakistan's war in Kashmir and if it withdraws its support, the war would be fought inside Pakistan|Syed Salahuddin<ref name=toi_pak_war/>}}
 In June 2012 in an interview, Hizb-ul-Mujahideen chief Syed Salahuddin accepted that Pakistan had been backing Hizb-ul-Mujahideen for fight in Kashmir.<ref name=toi_pak_war/> He had declared to start attacking Pakistan if it ceased support of [[Jihadism|jihadis]] in Jammu and Kashmir, as they were fighting "Pakistan's war".<ref name=toi_pak_war>
-{{cite news |last=PTI |title=Hizb chief Syed Salahuddin warns Pakistan against withdrawing support on Kashmir |newspaper=The Times of India |date=8 June 2012 |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-08/pakistan/32123109_1_kashmir-issue-jammu-and-kashmir-india-and-pakistan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617051248/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-08/pakistan/32123109_1_kashmir-issue-jammu-and-kashmir-india-and-pakistan |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 June 2013}}
+{{cite news |last=PTI |title=Hizb chief Syed Salahuddin warns Pakistan against withdrawing support on Kashmir |newspaper=The Times of India |date=8 June 2012 |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-08/pakistan/32123109_1_kashmir-issue-jammu-and-kashmir-india-and-pakistan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617051248/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-08/pakistan/32123109_1_kashmir-issue-jammu-and-kashmir-india-and-pakistan |archive-date=17 June 2013}}
 </ref><ref name=arab_news_pak/>
-== Designation as a terrorist by U.S. ==
+=== Designation as a terrorist by U.S. ===
-On 26 June 2017 the [[United States Department of State|US Department of State]] has designated Mohammad Yusuf Shah, also known as Syed Salahuddin, as a [[Specially Designated Global Terrorist]] (SDGT) under Section 1(b) of [[Executive Order (E.O.) 13224]], which imposes sanctions on foreign persons who have committed, or pose a significant risk of committing, acts of terrorism that threaten the security of U.S. nationals or the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States. As a consequence of this designation, U.S. persons are generally prohibited from engaging in transactions with Salahuddin and all of Salahuddin's property and interests in property subject to United States jurisdiction are blocked.<ref name="U.S. Department of State"/> He is designated as an Indian national with a date of birth of 1952 and addresses in [[Muzaffarabad]] (the capital of [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir]], Pakistan), [[Rawalpindi]] (the [[Joint Staff Headquarters (Pakistan)|Pakistan military headquarters]]) and [[Islamabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=SHAH, Mohammad Yusuf |url=https://sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov/Details.aspx?id=22563 |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov}}</ref>
+On 26 June 2017 the [[United States Department of State|US Department of State]] has designated Mohammad Yusuf Shah, also known as Syed Salahuddin, as a [[Specially Designated Global Terrorist]] (SDGT) under Section 1(b) of [[Executive Order (E.O.) 13224]], which imposes sanctions on foreign persons who have committed, or pose a significant risk of committing, acts of terrorism that threaten the security of U.S. nationals or the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States. As a consequence of this designation, U.S. persons are generally prohibited from engaging in transactions with Salahuddin and all of Salahuddin's property and interests in property subject to United States jurisdiction are blocked.<ref name="U.S. Department of State"/> He is designated as an Indian national with a date of birth of 1952 and addresses in [[Muzaffarabad]] (the capital of [[Pak administered Kashmir]], Pakistan), [[Rawalpindi]] (the [[Joint Staff Headquarters (Pakistan)|Pakistan military headquarters]]) and [[Islamabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=SHAH, Mohammad Yusuf |url=https://sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov/Details.aspx?id=22563 |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov |archive-date=9 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909021951/https://sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov/Details.aspx?id=22563 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+Pakistan rejected the US sanctions against him.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Kay |date=2017-06-27 |title=Pakistan rejects US sanctions against Hizbul chief Syed Salahuddin |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/C1H9wq8dyc9AgolrFwCWkJ/Pakistan-rejects-US-sanctions-against-Hizbul-chief-Syed-Sala.html |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=Livemint |archive-date=26 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426132729/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/C1H9wq8dyc9AgolrFwCWkJ/Pakistan-rejects-US-sanctions-against-Hizbul-chief-Syed-Sala.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
-Pakistan rejected the US sanctions against him.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Kay |date=2017-06-27 |title=Pakistan rejects US sanctions against Hizbul chief Syed Salahuddin |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/C1H9wq8dyc9AgolrFwCWkJ/Pakistan-rejects-US-sanctions-against-Hizbul-chief-Syed-Sala.html |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=Livemint}}</ref>
+== Personal life ==
-== Family ==
+=== Family ===
-Shah is married, with five sons and two daughters.
+Shah is married, with five sons and two daughters. Writing in 2017, Indian journalist [[Barkha Dutt]], who met him in [[Rawalpindi]], stated that none of Syed Salahuddin's children had been involved in militancy, and that four of them had held government jobs.<ref>Barkha Dutt. "[https://www.theweek.in/theweek/specials/when-i-met-salahuddin-in-pakistan.html When I met Salahuddin in Pakistan]." ''[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]'', July 9, 2017.</ref>
-Two sons were removed from government offices in Jammu and Kashmir in 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashiq |first=Peerzada |date=2021-07-10 |title=Hizbul Mujahideen chief Syed Salahuddin's sons among 11 terminated from J&K government services |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/hizbul-mujahideen-chief-syed-salahuddins-sons-among-11-terminated-from-jk-government-services/article61444044.ece |access-date=2022-04-26 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In the next month one of his sons, Syed Shakeel Yousuf, in a terror funding case. Shahid, another son had been arrested before.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2018-08-30 |title=Terror funding: NIA arrests Syed Salahuddin's son |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/terror-funding-nia-arrests-syed-salahuddins-son/article24817268.ece |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=The Hindu BusinessLine}}</ref>
+Two sons were removed from government offices in Jammu and Kashmir in 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashiq |first=Peerzada |date=2021-07-10 |title=Hizbul Mujahideen chief Syed Salahuddin's sons among 11 terminated from J&K government services |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/hizbul-mujahideen-chief-syed-salahuddins-sons-among-11-terminated-from-jk-government-services/article61444044.ece |access-date=2022-04-26 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=26 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426131054/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/hizbul-mujahideen-chief-syed-salahuddins-sons-among-11-terminated-from-jk-government-services/article61444044.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> In the next month one of his sons, Syed Shakeel Yousuf was arrested, in a terror funding case. Shahid, another son, had been arrested before.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2018-08-30 |title=Terror funding: NIA arrests Syed Salahuddin's son |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/terror-funding-nia-arrests-syed-salahuddins-son/article24817268.ece |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=The Hindu BusinessLine |archive-date=2 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602040011/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/terror-funding-nia-arrests-syed-salahuddins-son/article24817268.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 119: / Line 98: @@
 [[Category:People from Budgam district]]
 [[Category:University of Kashmir alumni]]
-[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of India]]
+[[Category:Indian people imprisoned on terrorism charges]]
-[[Category:Indian people imprisoned on charges of terrorism]]
 [[Category:People charged with terrorism]]
 [[Category:Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List]]
 [[Category:Individuals designated as terrorists by the United States government]]
-[[Category:Leaders of Islamic terror groups]]
+[[Category:Leaders of jihadist groups]]
+[[Category:Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir politicians]]

v t e Kashmir separatist movement
Political parties	All Parties Hurriyat Conference All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference Balawaristan National Front Jammu and Kashmir Democratic Freedom Party Jammu Kashmir Democratic Liberation Party Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front United Kashmir People's National Party
Militant organisations	Hizbul Mujahideen Lashkar-e-Taiba Jaish-e-Mohammed Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
Separatists	Abdul Hamid Khan Afzal Guru Amanullah Khan Ashiq Hussain Faktoo Asiya Andrabi Ayub Thakur Abdullah Yusuf Azzam Ashraf Sehrai Burhan Wani Farooq Ahmed Dar Hafiz Saeed Hamid Gada Hashim Qureshi Maqbool Bhat Masood Azhar Masarat Alam Mirwaiz Umar Farooq Mohammad Abbas Ansari Muhammad Ahsan Dar Riyaz Naikoo Sardar Arif Shahid Sayeed Salahudeen Sheikh Abdul Aziz Syed Ali Shah Geelani Yasin Malik
History	Treaty of Amritsar (1846) Kashmir conflict Kashmir war 1988 Gilgit massacre 2000 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre 2001 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre 2008 Kashmir unrest 2010 Kashmir unrest Sopore massacre 2016–2017 Kashmir unrest 2019 Kashmir lockdown
Nationalism	Kashmiriyat
Elections	2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election 2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election
Related	Stone pelting Human rights abuses Over Ground Workers(OGWs) OHCHR reports on Kashmir