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{{short description|Military leader in Shivaji's Army}}
{{short description|Army leader in Shivaji's Army}}
{{ Infobox royalty
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
| name           = Tanaji Malusare
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
| image         = Tanaji Malusare.jpg
{{Infobox military person
| caption       = Memorial of Tanaji Malusare The Subedar at [[Sinhagad]] fort
| honorific_prefix =
| succession    = Military general (Subhedar) of the [[Maratha Empire]]
| name         = Tanaji Kaloji Malusare
| reign          =  
| honorific_suffix =
| coronation    =  
| image         = Tanaji Malusare.jpg
| birth_date    = Godavli, Javali Taluka Satara, Maharashtra
| caption       = Bronze bust of Subhedar Tanaji Malusare at [[Sinhagad]]
| birth_place    =
| death_date    = 4 February 1670
| death_date    = {{death date|1670|2|4|df=y}}
| birth_place  = Godavli, Mahabaleshwar taluka, [[Satara district|Satara]], Maharashtra{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=March 2022}}
| death_place    = [[Sinhagad]] <br>([[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]])
| death_place  = [[Sinhagad, Maharashtra]], India
| spouse         = Savitri
| birth_name    =  
| issue          = Rayaba
| allegiance    = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|22px]] [[Maratha Empire]]
| issue-type     = Children
| branch        = [[Maratha Army]]
|dynasty=
| serviceyears  = {{circa|1646–1670}}
| house          =  
| rank          = [[Subedar]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |title=History of Architectures and Ancient Building Materials in India |publisher=Tech Books International |year=2003 |isbn=9788188305032 |publication-date=2003 |pages=167 |language=English}}</ref>
| father        = Kaloji Malusare
| known_for    = *[[Battle of Sinhagad]]
| mother        = Parvatibai
| battles      = Capture of Torna fort<ref><br />{{Cite journal |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |date=1920 |title=Shivaji and his times |url=https://archive.org/details/shivajihistimes00sarkrich |journal=Shivaji and His Times |pages=32}}</ref><br />[[Battle of Pratapgarh]]<br />Battle of Jawali<ref name="mehendale 2011">{{Cite book |last=Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale |url=http://archive.org/details/shivaji-his-life-and-times-1nbsped-9380875177_compress |title=Shivaji His Life and Times |date=2011 |pages=425–426}}</ref><br />[[Battle of Sinhagad]]{{KIA}}
| religion      = [[Hinduism]] }}
| spouse       =  
| children      =  
| relations     = Kaloji Malusare (father)<br />Savitri Bai (wife)<br />Raybaji Malusare (son)
}}
'''Tanaji Kaloji Malusare'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2019 |title=Ajay Devgn's Taanaji: The Unsung Warrior will now be called Tanhaji due to numerological reasons |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-will-now-be-called-tanaji-due-to-numerological-reasons-1487495-2019-03-27 |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=9 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009062408/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-will-now-be-called-tanaji-due-to-numerological-reasons-1487495-2019-03-27 |url-status=live }}</ref> or '''Subedar Tanaji Malusare''' was a military commander of the [[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha kingdom]] and a companion of Shivaji Maharaj.


'''Tanaji Malusare''' was a military assistant of [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] ruler [[Shivaji]]. A local poet Tulsidas,{{efn|Not to be confused with [[Tulsidas|Goswami Tulsidas]]}} wrote a [[powada]] describing Tanaji's heroics and sacrifice of life in the [[Battle of Sinhagad]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32141/page/n203/mode/2up/search/tanaji|title=New History of the Marathas (Vol I)|last=Sardesai|first=Sakharam Govind|date=1946|website=Internet Archive|access-date=February 25, 2020}}</ref> which has since made him a popular figure in Marathi folklore.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kantak|first=M. R.|date=1978|journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute|volume=38|issue=1/4|pages=51|issn=0045-9801|jstor=42931051|title=The Political Role of Different Hindu Castes and Communities in Maharashtra in the Foundation of Shivaji's Swarajya}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections, An Anthology, Volume One|page=375|editor=K. Ayyappa Paniker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA375|isbn=9788126003655|year=1997}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rao|first=Vasanta Dinanath|date=1939|title=SIDE-LIGHT ON THE MARATHA LIFE FROM THE BARDIC (शाहिरी) LITERATURE OF THE 18th CENTURY|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=3|pages=1194–1212|issn=2249-1937|jstor=44252466}}</ref>{{efn|The text has not been dated conclusively. It is popularly accepted to be written not long after the Battle; however, some scholars have claimed the text to have been written in the eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Raeside|first=Ian|date=July 1978|title=A Note on the 'Twelve Mavals' of Poona District|journal=Modern Asian Studies|language=en|volume=12|issue=3|pages=394|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00006211|issn=1469-8099}}</ref>}} He came from a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] [[Koli people|Koli]] family.<ref name="Hardiman">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ&q=Tanaji|title=Histories for the Subordinated|author=David Hardiman|date=2007|publisher=Seagull Books|isbn=9781905422388|page=103|language=en|quote=When Shivaji began his revolt in the following decade, the Kolis were amongst the first to join him under the leadership of the Sirnayak Khemi and they played a leading role in helping Shivaji to consolidate his power. The Koli Tanaji Malusare...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardiman|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ|title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India|date=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-563956-8|pages=221|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Shibani|title=Koli culture: a profile of the culture of Talpad vistar|date=1983|publisher=Cosmo|pages=25|language=en|oclc=11970517}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Chandra|first=Satish|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1BRuAAAAMAAJ|title=Essays on Medieval Indian History|date=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-566336-5|language=en}}</ref>
local poet Tulsidas,{{efn|not to be confused with [[Tulsidas|Goswami Tulsidas]]}} wrote a [[powada]] describing Subhedar Tanaji's heroics and sacrifice of life in the [[Battle of Sinhagad]], which has since made him a popular figure in Indian folklore.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kantak|first=M. R.|date=1978|journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute|volume=38|issue=1/4|pages=51|issn=0045-9801|jstor=42931051|title=The Political Role of Different Hindu Castes and Communities in Maharashtra in the Foundation of Shivaji's Swarajya}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections, An Anthology, Volume One|page=375|editor=K. Ayyappa Paniker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA375|isbn=9788126003655|year=1997 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rao|first=Vasanta Dinanath|date=1939|title=SIDE-LIGHT ON THE MARATHA LIFE FROM THE BARDIC (शाहिरी) LITERATURE OF THE 18th CENTURY|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=3|pages=1194–1212|issn=2249-1937|jstor=44252466}}</ref>{{efn|The text has not been dated conclusively. It is popularly accepted to be written not long after the Battle; however, some scholars have claimed the text to have been written in the eighteenth century.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Raeside|first=Ian|date=July 1978|title=A Note on the 'Twelve Mavals' of Poona District|journal=Modern Asian Studies|language=en|volume=12|issue=3|pages=394|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00006211|s2cid=145438073 |issn=1469-8099}}</ref>}}


==Battle of Sinhagad==
== Background ==
{{main|Battle of Sinhagad}}
According to the historian David Hardiman, [[Koli people|Koli]]s were the early helpers of [[Shivaji]] in a revolt. Tanaji Malusare is one such prominent example whose name is memorizalized due to his act of capturing the fort of Singhad and handing it to Shivaji.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardiman|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ|title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India|date=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-563956-8|pages=221|language=en|quote=When Shivaji began his revolt in the following decade, the Kolis were amongst the first to join him under the leadership of the Sirnayak Khemi and they played a leading role in helping Shivaji to consolidate his power. The Koli Tanaji Malusare, is remembered in Maharashtra to this day for his courage in capturing the almost impregnable fort of Singhad for Shivaji.}}</ref> Tanaji's father's name was Kaloji Malusare.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}
[[Sinhagad]] (formerly known as Kondhana) was one of the first forts which [[Shivaji|Chhatrapati Shivaji]] re-captured from the [[Mughal Empire]]. The capture was made possible by scaling the walls at night with ladders made of rope. A fight followed in which Tanhaji was killed but the fort was won.


==In popular culture==  
==In popular culture==
* Hindutva Ideologue [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar|V.D. Savarkar]] had written a ballad on him, which was banned by the colonial British government.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzisCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT7755|title=Censorship: A World Encyclopedia|publisher=Routledge|year=2001|editor=Derek Jones|isbn=9781136798634}}</ref>
[[File:Tanaji's famous vow during Kondana campaign “Aadhi lagin kondhanyache mag mazya Raybache”.jpg|thumb|right|An early 20th century depiction by [[M.V. Dhurandhar]] of Tanaji's vow to [[Shivaji]] and [[Jijabai]] in the presence of his son and uncle before the campaign for Kondana fort.<!-- Need to cite a reputable source if you wish to add ''“Aadhi lagin kondhanyache mag mazya Raybache”'' to this image.-->]]
* ''Gad aala pan sinh gela'' (गड आला पण सिंह गेला) a Marathi novel by [[Hari Narayan Apte]] was written in 1903, based on his life.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Indian Literature, Volume 1|author=Sisir Kumar Das|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sHklK65TKQ0C&pg=PA532|page=532|isbn=9788172010065}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uV8RAQAAIAAJ|title=Gaḍa ālā, paṇa sīha gelā|last=Apte|first=Hari Narayan|publisher=Ramyakathā Prakāśana|year=1903|location=Pune|language=mr}}</ref>  
 
* [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]] had written a ballad on him, which was banned by the colonial British government.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzisCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT7755|title=Censorship: A World Encyclopedia|publisher=Routledge|year=2001|editor=Derek Jones|isbn=9781136798634}}</ref>
* ''Gad aala pan sinh gela'' ([[Marathi language|Marathi]]: गड आला पण सिंह गेला) ({{Translation|We won the fort but we lost the lion}}) a Marathi novel by [[Hari Narayan Apte]] was written in 1903, based on his life.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Indian Literature, Volume 1|author=Sisir Kumar Das|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sHklK65TKQ0C&pg=PA532|page=532|isbn=9788172010065}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uV8RAQAAIAAJ|title=Gaḍa ālā, paṇa sīha gelā|last=Apte|first=Hari Narayan|publisher=Ramyakathā Prakāśana|year=1903|location=Pune|language=mr}}</ref>
* In 1922 Bengali poet [[Jatindramohan Bagchi]] wrote a poem named ''Singhagarh'' stating the heroic death of Tanaji Malusare while recapturing the fort''.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=পাতা:জাগরণী - যতীন্দ্রমোহন বাগচী.pdf/১৭ - উইকিসংকলন একটি মুক্ত পাঠাগার |url=https://bn.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80_-_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80.pdf/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AD |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=bn.wikisource.org |language=bn}}</ref>
* ''[[Sinhagad (film)|Sinhagad]]'', a 1933 Marathi film was produced by [[Baburao Painter]], based on the 1903 novel.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1994-IA239|access-date=10 February 2015|year=2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-135-94325-7|page=239}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofw00geof|url-access=registration|title=The Oxford History of World Cinema|last=Nowell-Smith|first=Geoffrey|date=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-874242-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofw00geof/page/403 403]|language=en|access-date=2020-01-14}}</ref>  
* ''[[Sinhagad (film)|Sinhagad]]'', a 1933 Marathi film was produced by [[Baburao Painter]], based on the 1903 novel.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1994-IA239|access-date=10 February 2015|year=2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-135-94325-7|page=239}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofw00geof|url-access=registration|title=The Oxford History of World Cinema|last=Nowell-Smith|first=Geoffrey|date=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-874242-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofw00geof/page/403 403]|language=en|access-date=2020-01-14}}</ref>  
* Bengali writer [[Saradindu Bandyopadhyay]] wrote the [[Sharadindu_Bandyopadhyay#Sadashib|Sadashib]] series where the younger version of [[Tanaji]] was mentioned as a close associate of [[Shivaji]].
* Bengali writer [[Saradindu Bandyopadhyay]] wrote the [[Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay#Sadashib|Sadashib]] series where the younger version of [[Tanaji]] was mentioned as a close associate of Shivaji.
* In 1971 [[Amar Chitra Katha]] released a comic book called Tanaji, written by Meena Talim and illustrated by Vasant B. Halbe.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Talim |first1=Meena |last2=Halbe |first2=Vasant B. |last3=Pai |first3=Anant |title=Tanaji: The Maratha Lion |date=1973 |publisher=Amar Chitra Katha |isbn=978-81-8482-159-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5aIg841Aeu8C |access-date=15 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* In 1971 [[Amar Chitra Katha]] released a comic book called Tanaji, written by Meena Talim and illustrated by Vasant B. Halbe.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Talim |first1=Meena |last2=Halbe |first2=Vasant B. |last3=Pai |first3=Anant |title=Tanaji: The Maratha Lion |date=1973 |publisher=Amar Chitra Katha |isbn=978-81-8482-159-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5aIg841Aeu8C |access-date=15 August 2020 |language=en |archive-date=1 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601184129/https://books.google.com/books?id=5aIg841Aeu8C |url-status=live }}</ref>  
* Tanaji's character is portrayed by an actor in [[Raja Shivchhatrapati (TV series)|Raja Shivchhatrapati]] serial of [[Star Pravah]].
* In the 2018 [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language epic ''[[Farzand]]'', Tanaji Malusare is portrayed by Ganesh Yadav.
* In the 2018 [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language epic ''[[Farzand]]'', Tanaji Malusare is portrayed by Ganesh Yadav.
* In the 2019 [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language epic ''[[Fatteshikast]]'', Tanaji Malusare is portrayed by Ajay Purkar.
* In the 2019 [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language epic ''[[Fatteshikast]]'', Tanaji Malusare is portrayed by [[Ajay Purkar]].
* Bollywood actor-producer [[Ajay Devgn]] produced and headlined a film based on his life titled ''[[Tanhaji]]'', which was released on 10 January 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://moviealles.com/movies/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-movie-wiki-news-cast-crew-release-date/|title=Taanaji The Unsung Warrior movie on Movie Alles|date=2018-06-22|work=Movie Alles|access-date=2018-09-05|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214721/https://moviealles.com/movies/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-movie-wiki-news-cast-crew-release-date/|archive-date=2018-09-05|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Bollywood actor [[Ajay Devgn]] produced and played the role of Tanaji Malusare in [[Tanhaji: The Unsung Warrior|Tanhaji]]. It was based on the Battle of Kondhana, Tanhaji film theatrically released on 10 January 2020. It was a box-office hit.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://moviealles.com/movies/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-movie-wiki-news-cast-crew-release-date/|title=Taanaji The Unsung Warrior movie on Movie Alles|date=2018-06-22|work=Movie Alles|access-date=2018-09-05|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214721/https://moviealles.com/movies/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior-movie-wiki-news-cast-crew-release-date/|archive-date=2018-09-05|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Tanaji's famous vow during Kondana campaign “Aadhi lagin kondhanyache mag mazya Raybache”.jpg|thumb|right|Tanaji's makes a vow in front of [[Shivaji]] and [[Jijabai]] before the campaign for Kondana fort.<!-- Need to cite a reputable source if you wish to add ''“Aadhi lagin kondhanyache mag mazya Raybache”'' to this image.-->]]
* In the 2023 [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language epic ''[[Subhedar]]'', Tanaji Malusare is portrayed by Ajay Purkar.


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|History}}
* [[Baji Prabhu Deshpande]]
* [[Baji Prabhu Deshpande]]
* [[Battle of Sinhagad]]
* [[Murarbaji]]
* [[Khemirao Sarnaik]]
* [[Bahirji Naik]]
* [[Suryaji Malusare]]


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 54: Line 63:
{{DEFAULTSORT:Malusare, Tanaji}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Malusare, Tanaji}}
[[Category:1670 deaths]]
[[Category:1670 deaths]]
[[Category:People of the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:People from the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Indian warriors]]
[[Category:Indian warriors]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian people]]

Latest revision as of 06:09, 5 March 2026


Tanaji Kaloji Malusare
Bronze bust of Subhedar Tanaji Malusare at Sinhagad
BornGodavli, Mahabaleshwar taluka, Satara, Maharashtra[citation needed]
Died4 February 1670
Sinhagad, Maharashtra, India
Allegiance Maratha Empire
Service/branchMaratha Army
Years of servicec. 1646–1670
RankSubedar[1]
Battles/warsCapture of Torna fort[2]
Battle of Pratapgarh
Battle of Jawali[3]
Battle of Sinhagad †
RelationsKaloji Malusare (father)
Savitri Bai (wife)
Raybaji Malusare (son)

Tanaji Kaloji Malusare[4] or Subedar Tanaji Malusare was a military commander of the Maratha kingdom and a companion of Shivaji Maharaj.

local poet Tulsidas,[lower-alpha 1] wrote a powada describing Subhedar Tanaji's heroics and sacrifice of life in the Battle of Sinhagad, which has since made him a popular figure in Indian folklore.[5][6][7][lower-alpha 2]

Background[edit | edit source]

According to the historian David Hardiman, Kolis were the early helpers of Shivaji in a revolt. Tanaji Malusare is one such prominent example whose name is memorizalized due to his act of capturing the fort of Singhad and handing it to Shivaji.[9] Tanaji's father's name was Kaloji Malusare.[citation needed]

In popular culture[edit | edit source]

An early 20th century depiction by M.V. Dhurandhar of Tanaji's vow to Shivaji and Jijabai in the presence of his son and uncle before the campaign for Kondana fort.

See also[edit | edit source]

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ not to be confused with Goswami Tulsidas
  2. ↑ The text has not been dated conclusively. It is popularly accepted to be written not long after the Battle; however, some scholars have claimed the text to have been written in the eighteenth century.[8]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Chandra, Satish (2003). History of Architectures and Ancient Building Materials in India. Tech Books International. p. 167. ISBN 9788188305032.
  2. ↑
    Sarkar, Jadunath (1920). "Shivaji and his times". Shivaji and His Times: 32.
  3. ↑ Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale (2011). Shivaji His Life and Times. pp. 425–426.
  4. ↑ "Ajay Devgn's Taanaji: The Unsung Warrior will now be called Tanhaji due to numerological reasons". India Today. 27 March 2019. Archived from the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  5. ↑ Kantak, M. R. (1978). "The Political Role of Different Hindu Castes and Communities in Maharashtra in the Foundation of Shivaji's Swarajya". Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute. 38 (1/4): 51. ISSN 0045-9801. JSTOR 42931051.
  6. ↑ K. Ayyappa Paniker, ed. (1997). Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections, An Anthology, Volume One. Sahitya Akademi. p. 375. ISBN 9788126003655.
  7. ↑ Rao, Vasanta Dinanath (1939). "SIDE-LIGHT ON THE MARATHA LIFE FROM THE BARDIC (शाहिरी) LITERATURE OF THE 18th CENTURY". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 3: 1194–1212. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44252466.
  8. ↑ Raeside, Ian (July 1978). "A Note on the 'Twelve Mavals' of Poona District". Modern Asian Studies. 12 (3): 394. doi:10.1017/S0026749X00006211. ISSN 1469-8099. S2CID 145438073.
  9. ↑ Hardiman, David (1996). Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India. Oxford University Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-19-563956-8. When Shivaji began his revolt in the following decade, the Kolis were amongst the first to join him under the leadership of the Sirnayak Khemi and they played a leading role in helping Shivaji to consolidate his power. The Koli Tanaji Malusare, is remembered in Maharashtra to this day for his courage in capturing the almost impregnable fort of Singhad for Shivaji.
  10. ↑ Derek Jones, ed. (2001). Censorship: A World Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 9781136798634.
  11. ↑ Sisir Kumar Das (1991). History of Indian Literature, Volume 1. Sahitya Akademi. p. 532. ISBN 9788172010065.
  12. ↑ Apte, Hari Narayan (1903). Gaḍa ālā, paṇa sīha gelā (in मराठी). Pune: Ramyakathā Prakāśana.
  13. ↑ "পাতা:জাগরণী - যতীন্দ্রমোহন বাগচী.pdf/১৭ - উইকিসংকলন একটি মুক্ত পাঠাগার". bn.wikisource.org (in Bengali). Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  14. ↑ Ashish Rajadhyaksha; Paul Willemen (2014). Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema. Taylor & Francis. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-135-94325-7. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  15. ↑ Nowell-Smith, Geoffrey (1996). The Oxford History of World Cinema. Oxford University Press. pp. 403. ISBN 978-0-19-874242-5. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  16. ↑ Talim, Meena; Halbe, Vasant B.; Pai, Anant (1973). Tanaji: The Maratha Lion. Amar Chitra Katha. ISBN 978-81-8482-159-8. Archived from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  17. ↑ "Taanaji The Unsung Warrior movie on Movie Alles". Movie Alles. 22 June 2018. Archived from the original on 5 September 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2018.


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