Jainism in Gujarat: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 22:32, 28 February 2026

Jainism has had a notable following in Gujarat.^[1] According to the 2011 Census of India, around 0.959% of the population of Gujarat is Jain.^[2] There are several old Jain temples that draw pilgrims from Jains around the world in places such as Palitana, Taranga, Sankheshwar, Idar.

History[edit | edit source]

Jains believe that their 22nd Tirthankara (propagators of the Jain religion) Neminath attained Moksha/ Nirvana on Girnar in Gujarat. Many other holy Kalyanak places are present in Gujarat like Palitana(Shatrunjaya), Girnar, etc. Many other monks have also got attained Moksha in Gujarat; especially on the holy mountains of Girnar and Shatrunjaya. The Jain councils were held in Vallabhi c. 5th century CE.^[3] Their canonical scriptures were written down during this council. King Vanaraja Chavda (c. 720-780 CE) of the Chavda dynasty was brought up by a Jain monk named Shilaguna Suri.

Jain temples are found in Gujarat from as early as the 6th and 7th centuries CE. It was patronized by the Chaulukyas and Chavadas.^[4] Dhank Caves (3rd-7th century CE) in Rajkot district has Jain Tirthankara carvings. Northern Gujarat became a principle center of Jainism in the 13th century CE.^[5]

The earliest known Old Gujarati text Bharat-Bahubali Ras, was written by a Jain monk Shalibhadra Suri.^[6] Of the most important people in Gujarat's Jain history were the Acharya Hemachandra Suri and his pupil, the Chaulukya ruler Kumarapala.

Major Centers[edit | edit source]

Major ancient Jain centers include:

Photo gallery[edit | edit source]

Notes[edit | edit source]

↑ Glasenapp, Helmuth von (1999). Jainism. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 9788120813762. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
↑ "Census of India : C-1 Population By Religious Community". 27 August 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
↑ Shah, Natubhai (2004). Jainism. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. ISBN 9788120819382. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
↑ Wink 1991, p. 355.
↑ Prakash, Om (2005). Cultural History of India. New Age International. ISBN 9788122415872. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
↑ Datta 1987, p. 454.

References[edit | edit source]

Datta, Amaresh (1987), Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo, Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 9788126018031
Glasenapp, Helmuth Von (1999). Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 81-208-1376-6.
Wink, André (1991). Al-Hind the Making of the Indo-Islamic World. BRILL. ISBN 9004102361. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

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[1] Glasenapp, Helmuth von (1999). Jainism. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 9788120813762. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

[2] "Census of India : C-1 Population By Religious Community". 27 August 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2021.

[3] Shah, Natubhai (2004). Jainism. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. ISBN 9788120819382. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

[FOOTNOTEWink1991355-4] Wink 1991, p. 355.

[5] Prakash, Om (2005). Cultural History of India. New Age International. ISBN 9788122415872. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

[FOOTNOTEDatta1987454-6] Datta 1987, p. 454.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|none}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
-[[File:Palitana.jpg|thumb|[[Palitana Jain Temples]] ]]
+[[File:Palitana.jpg|thumb|[[Palitana temples]] ]]
 {{Jainism}}
-[[Jainism]] has had a notable following in [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WzEzXDk0v6sC&q=jainism+in+gujarat&pg=PA55|title=Jainism|isbn=9788120813762|access-date=21 January 2016|last1=Glasenapp|first1=Helmuth von|year=1999}}</ref> According to the 2011 Census of India, around 0.959% of the population of Gujarat is Jain.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=Census of India : C-1 Population By Religious Community|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827210435/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|access-date=2021-05-02|website=web.archive.org}}</ref> There are several old Jain temples that draw pilgrims from Jains around the world in places such as [[Palitana temples|Palitana]], [[Taranga Jain temple|Taranga]], [[Shankheshwar Jain Temple|Sankheshwar]], [[Idar]].
+[[Jainism]] has had a notable following in [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WzEzXDk0v6sC&q=jainism+in+gujarat&pg=PA55|title=Jainism|isbn=9788120813762|access-date=21 January 2016|last1=Glasenapp|first1=Helmuth von|year=1999|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. }}</ref> According to the 2011 Census of India, around 0.959% of the population of Gujarat is Jain.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-08-27|title=Census of India : C-1 Population By Religious Community|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|access-date=2021-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827210435/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|archive-date=27 August 2015}}</ref> There are several old Jain temples that draw pilgrims from Jains around the world in places such as [[Palitana temples|Palitana]], [[Taranga Jain temple|Taranga]], [[Shankheshwar Jain Temple|Sankheshwar]], [[Idar, Gujarat|Idar]].
 ==History==
-Jains believe that their 22nd [[Tirthankara]] (propagators of Jain religion) [[Neminath]] attained [[Moksha]]/ [[Nirvana]] on [[Girnar]] in Gujarat. Many other monks have also got attained Moksha in Gujarat; especially on the holy mountains of Girnar and [[Shatrunjaya]]. The [[Jain councils]] were held in [[Vallabhi]] c. 5th century CE.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qLNQKGcDIhsC&q=jainism+in+gujarat&pg=PA59|title=Jainism|isbn=9788120819382|access-date=21 January 2016|last1=Shah|first1=Natubhai|year=2004}}</ref> Their canonical scriptures were written down during this council. King [[Vanaraja Chavda]] (c. 720-780 CE) of the [[Chavda dynasty]] was brought up by a Jain monk named Shilaguna Suri.
+Jains believe that their 22nd [[Tirthankara]] (propagators of the Jain religion) [[Neminath]] attained [[Moksha]]/ [[Nirvana]] on [[Girnar]] in Gujarat. Many other holy Kalyanak places are present in Gujarat like Palitana(Shatrunjaya), Girnar, etc. Many other monks have also got attained Moksha in Gujarat; especially on the holy mountains of Girnar and [[Shatrunjaya]]. The [[Jain councils]] were held in [[Vallabhi]] c. 5th century CE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shah |first1=Natubhai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qLNQKGcDIhsC&q=jainism+in+gujarat&pg=PA59 |title=Jainism |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |year=2004 |isbn=9788120819382 |access-date=21 January 2016}}</ref> Their canonical scriptures were written down during this council. King [[Vanaraja Chavda]] (c. 720-780 CE) of the [[Chavda dynasty]] was brought up by a Jain monk named Shilaguna Suri.
-[[Jain temples]] are found in Gujarat from as early as the 6th and 7th centuries CE. It was patronized by the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukyas]] and [[Chavada]]s.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=75FlxDhZWpwC&q=jainism+in+gujarat&pg=PA355|title=Al-Hind the Making of the Indo-Islamic World|isbn=9004102361|access-date=21 January 2016|last1=Wink|first1=André|year=1991}}</ref> [[Dhank Caves]] (3rd-7th century CE) in Rajkot district has Jain Tirthankara carvings. Northern Gujarat became a principle center of Jainism in the 13th century CE.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzpYb5UOeiwC&q=jainism+in+gujarat&pg=PA111|title=Cultural History of India|isbn=9788122415872|access-date=21 January 2016|last1=Prakash|first1=Om|year=2005}}</ref>
+[[Jain temples]] are found in Gujarat from as early as the 6th and 7th centuries CE. It was patronized by the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukyas]] and [[Chavda dynasty|Chavada]]s.{{sfn|Wink|1991|p=355}} [[Dhank Caves]] (3rd-7th century CE) in Rajkot district has Jain Tirthankara carvings. Northern Gujarat became a principle center of Jainism in the 13th century CE.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzpYb5UOeiwC&q=jainism+in+gujarat&pg=PA111|title=Cultural History of India|isbn=9788122415872|access-date=21 January 2016|last1=Prakash|first1=Om|year=2005|publisher=New Age International }}</ref>
-The earliest known [[Old Gujarati]] text ''Bharat-Bahubali Ras'', was written by a Jain monk. Of the most important people in Gujarat's Jain history were the Acharya [[Hemachandra]] Suri and his pupil, the [[Chaulukya]] ruler [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]].
+The earliest known [[Old Gujarati]] text ''Bharat-Bahubali Ras'', was written by a Jain monk Shalibhadra Suri.{{sfn|Datta|1987|p=454}} Of the most important people in Gujarat's Jain history were the Acharya [[Hemachandra]] Suri and his pupil, the [[Chaulukya]] ruler [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]].
 ==Major Centers==
 Major ancient Jain centers include:
 *[[Palitana temples|Palitana]]
-*[[Girnar]]
+*[[Girnar Jain temples|Girnar]]
-*[[Bhadreshwar]]
+*[[Bhadreshwar Jain Temple|Bhadreshwar]]
 *[[Mahudi]]
-*[[Shankheshwar]]
+*[[Shankheshwar Jain Temple|Shankheshwar]]
 *[[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]]
-*[[Taranga (Jain Temple)|Taranga]]
+*[[Taranga Jain temple|Taranga]]
-*[[Songadh (Saurashtra)|Songadh]]
+*[[Radhanpur|Radhanpur Jain Tirth]]
 *[[Ahmedabad]]
+*[[Surat]]
+*[[Khambhat]]
 <!---
 ==Notable people==
@@ Line 40: / Line 42: @@
 <gallery>
 File:Sheth Hutheesinh Temple.jpg|[[Hutheesing Jain Temple]] in [[Ahmedabad]]
-Kutch_Bhadreshwar_Jain_Temple.jpg|[[Vasai Jain Temple]], [[Bhadreshwar]]
+File:Kutch Bhadreshwar Jain Temple.jpg|[[Vasai Jain Temple]], [[Bhadreshwar]]
-Samovsaran Mandir Palitana 02.jpg|Samovsaran Mandir, Palitana Teerth
+File:Samovsaran Mandir Palitana 02.jpg|Samovsaran Mandir, Palitana Teerth
-Girnar Jain temple - Neminath temple.jpg|[[Girnar Jain temples|Girnar]]
+File:Girnar Jain temple - Neminath temple.jpg|[[Girnar Jain temples|Girnar]]
-Tarangaji_Jain_temple.jpg|[[Taranga (Jain Temple)|Taranga]]
+File:Tarangaji Jain temple.jpg|[[Taranga Jain temple|Taranga]]
-Vanki - Patri Jain Mandir.jpg|Vanki - Patri Jain Mandir, [[Kutch]]
+File:Vanki - Patri Jain Mandir.jpg|Vanki - Patri Jain Mandir, [[Kutch]]
-Mahudi Temple.jpg|[[Mahudi Jain Temple]]
+File:Mahudi Temple.jpg|[[Mahudi Jain Temple]]
-Shri Shantinath Jain Derasar, Kothara, Kutch.JPG|[[Shantinath Jain temple, Kothara|Shri Shantinath Jain Derasar]], [[Kothara, Kutch|Kothara]]
+File:Shri Shantinath Jain Derasar, Kothara, Kutch.JPG|[[Shantinath Jain temple, Kothara|Shri Shantinath Jain Derasar]], [[Kothara, Kutch|Kothara]]
-Jain temple 10.jpg|[[Pavagadh Hill#Jain Temple|Shri Pavagadh Tirth]], part of [[Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park|Champaner-Pavagadh]] a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]
+File:Jain Temple, Pavagadh (cropped).jpg|[[Shri Pavagadh Tirth]], part of [[Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park|Champaner-Pavagadh]] a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]
 File:Polo Monument and Vijaynagar Forest- Jain Temples (cropped).jpg|[[Jain temples, Abhapur]]
+File:Kumbhariya Jain Derasar complex, Ambaji Gujarat 240.jpg|[[Kumbharia Jain temples]]
 </gallery>
 ==See also==
 {{Portal|Religion|India}}
 *[[Kanji Swami]]
-*[[Palitana Jain Temples]]
+*[[Palitana temples]]
 ==Notes==
@@ Line 60: / Line 62: @@
 ==References==
-* {{citation |last=Glasenapp |first=Helmuth Von |title=Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation |date=1999 |location=[[Delhi]] |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WzEzXDk0v6sC |isbn=81-208-1376-6 }}
+* {{Citation |last=Datta|first=Amaresh|author-link=Amaresh Datta|url={{Google books|ObFCT5_taSgC|page=454|plainurl=yes}}  |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|date=1987|isbn=9788126018031}}
+* {{cite book |last=Glasenapp |first=Helmuth Von | author-link=Helmuth von Glasenapp |title=Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation |date=1999 |location=[[Delhi]] |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |url={{Google books|WzEzXDk0v6sC|plainurl=yes}} |isbn=81-208-1376-6 }}
+* {{cite book|last=Wink|first=André|author-link=André Wink|url={{Google books|75FlxDhZWpwC|page=355|plainurl=yes}} |title=Al-Hind the Making of the Indo-Islamic World|isbn=9004102361|access-date=21 January 2016|year=1991 |publisher=BRILL }}
 {{Jain temples}}
@@ Line 68: / Line 72: @@
 [[Category:Jainism in India]]
 [[Category:Religion in Gujarat]]
-[[Category:History of Gujarat]]
+[[Category:Cultural history of Gujarat]]
-{{hist-stub}}
+{{reli-hist-stub}}
 {{Jainism-stub}}

v t e Error creating thumbnail: File missing Jain temples in India
See also : Jain temples in North America
Bihar	Pawapuri Statue of Vasupujya
Delhi	Sri Digambar Jain Lal Mandir Naya Mandir Ahinsa Sthal
Gujarat	Bhadreshwar Girnar Hutheesing Mahudi Palitana Shankheshwar Taranga Kothara Panchasara Kumbhariaji
Jharkhand	Shikharji
Karnataka	Badami cave temples Dharmasthala Temple Jain Temple, Lakkundi Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli Saavira Kambada Basadi Sankighatta Shravanabelagola Halebidu Karkala Humcha Pattadakal Aihole
Kerala	Anantnath Swami Temple Jain temple, Alleppey Jain Temple, Kidanganad Jainimedu Jain temple Kattil Madam Temple
Madhya Pradesh	Kundalpur Bawangaja Jain temples of Khajuraho Kanch Mandir Sonagiri Muktagiri Hanumantal Bada Jain Mandir
Maharashtra	Gajpanth Kumbhoj Statue of Ahimsa
Nagaland	Dimapur Jain Temple
Odisha	Digambara Jaina Temple, Khandagiri Subai Jain temples
Rajasthan	Dilwara Temples Ajmer Jain temple Nakoda Nareli Jain Temple Padampura Ranakpur Jain temple Sanghiji Shri Mahavirji Tijara Jain temple Osian
Tamil Nadu	Arahanthgiri Jain Math Alagramam Jain Temple Kalugumalai Jain Beds Mannargudi Mallinatha Swamy Jain Temple Mel Sithamur Jain Math T. Nagar Shantinath Jain temple Thirakoil
Telangana	Kulpakji
Uttar Pradesh	Jain temples at Deogarh Jambudweep Digamber Jain Mandir Hastinapur Navagarh Tirth
West Bengal	Calcutta Jain Temple Pakbirra Jain temples
Category