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{{short description|Indian Theatre actor}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}} | |||
{{Infobox person | |||
| name = Master Hirannaiah | |||
| other names = Narasimha Murthy | |||
| image = MasterHirannaiahImage.jpg | |||
| birth_date = {{birth date|1934|2|15|df=y}} | |||
| birth_place = [[Mysuru]], [[Karnataka]], India | |||
| death_date = {{death date and age|2019|5|2|1934|2|15|df=y}} | |||
| death_place = [[Bengalore]], Karnataka, India | |||
| alma_mater = | |||
| occupation = {{hlist|Film actor|director|comedian|writer (story|screenplay|[[lyrics]])|playback singer|theatre & drama and television artist}} | |||
| notable works = Lanchavathara | |||
| parents = | |||
| spouse = Shanthamma | |||
| children = 5<ref>{{cite news |title= A house built on family values |url= http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/pp/2005/11/12/stories/2005111201110300.htm |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180609100454/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/pp/2005/11/12/stories/2005111201110300.htm |archivedate= 9 June 2018 |newspaper= [[The Hindu]] |date= 2005-11-12 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> | |||
| awards = | |||
}} | |||
'''Hirannaiah''' or '''Hirannayya''' known by his stage name '''Master Hirannaiah''' (15 February 1934 – 2 May 2019) was an Indian actor in the [[Kannada film industry]]<ref>{{cite web |title= Master Hirannaiah |url= https://chiloka.com/celebrity/master-hirannaiah |publisher= chiloka.com |url-status= live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180301044343/https://chiloka.com/celebrity/master-hirannaiah |archivedate= 1 March 2018 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> and a [[Theatre of India|theatre]] artist in Karnataka, India. Some of the notable films of Master Hirannaiah as an actor include [[...Re (film)|''...Re'']] (2016), ''[[Care of Footpath 2]]'' (2015), ''[[No 73, Shanthi Nivasa|No. 73, Shanthi Nivasa]]'' (2007). | |||
==Early life== | |||
Hirannaiah was born in [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]], Karnataka on 15 February 1934.<ref>{{cite web |title= Master Hirannaiah |url= http://www.nettv4u.com/celebrity/kannada/writer/master-hirannaiah |publisher= nettv4u |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164324/http://www.nettv4u.com/celebrity/kannada/writer/master-hirannaiah |archivedate= 1 March 2018 |df= dmy-all |access-date= 28 February 2018 }}</ref> His father K. Hirannaiah<ref>{{cite web |title= Urban Legend: Master Hirannaiah, a ‘drunk’ with a punch |url= https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/310716/urban-legend-master-hirannaiah-a-drunk-with-a-punch.html |publisher= deccanchronicle.com |url-status= live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180228224129/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/310716/urban-legend-master-hirannaiah-a-drunk-with-a-punch.html |archivedate= 28 February 2018 |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= K. Hirannaiah |url= https://chiloka.com/celebrity/k-hirannaiah |publisher= chiloka.com |url-status= live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223748/https://chiloka.com/celebrity/k-hirannaiah |archivedate= 28 February 2018 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> too was an Indian actor, director, and writer in the [[Kannada film industry]] and a [[Theatre of India|theatre]] artist in the [[Karnataka|state]]. His mother was Sharadamma. After finishing [[Education in India|primary education]] in Banumayya Middle school, Hirannaiah completed [[Secondary school|intermediate]] in Sharada Vilas,<ref>{{cite web |title= Sharada Vilas College, Mysore |url= http://www.saradavilas.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33&Itemid=6 |publisher= saradavilas.com |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180301225024/http://www.saradavilas.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33&Itemid=6 |archivedate= 1 March 2018 |df= dmy-all |access-date= 1 March 2018 }}</ref> Mysore, Karnataka. In his childhood days, he distributed newspaper ''Sadhvi''<ref>{{cite web |title= Sadvi Newspaper |url= http://ww2.etownmysore.com/sadhvi-news-paper |publisher= etownmysore.com |access-date= 3 March 2018 |archive-date= 26 May 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190526062433/http://ww2.etownmysore.com/sadhvi-news-paper |url-status= dead }}</ref> to [[Funding|fund]] his education, while actively participating in drama and theatre plays. | |||
After his father's death, Hirannaiah took over the management of the K.Hirannaiah Mitra Mandali,<ref>{{cite news |title= All the city was a stage for them |url= http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/10/17/stories/2002101700330200.htm |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070930153556/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/10/17/stories/2002101700330200.htm |archivedate= 30 September 2007 |newspaper= [[The Hindu]] |date= 2002-10-17 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> which was founded by his late father. Later he became actor, director and administrator of the theatre company. | |||
{{quote box|align=right|width=246px|quote="The audience is my censor board. They have paid for their ticket, if they have a problem or they disagree they can stand up and talk about it"<br /><br />"My method is to have my commentary on various issues in the middle, while the beginning and end has the catchphrase which gets the attention of the audience." <br />|source=—Master Hirannaiah, sharing his thoughts with [[Deccan Chronicle]]<ref>{{cite web |title= Urban Legend: Master Hirannaiah, a ‘drunk’ with a punch |url= https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/310716/urban-legend-master-hirannaiah-a-drunk-with-a-punch.html |publisher= deccanchronicle.com |url-status= live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180228224129/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/310716/urban-legend-master-hirannaiah-a-drunk-with-a-punch.html |archivedate= 28 February 2018 |df= dmy-all }}</ref>}} | |||
==Career== | |||
Master Hirannaiah was part of more than 30 movies<ref>{{cite web |title= Master Hirannaiah: Filmography |url= https://chiloka.com/celebrity/master-hirannaiah#filmography |publisher= Chiloka.com |url-status= live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180301044343/https://chiloka.com/celebrity/master-hirannaiah#filmography |archivedate= 1 March 2018 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> in Kannada. His notable drama plays include ''Lanchavathara'', ''Double [[Thali|Thaali]]'', ''Kanya Dahana'', ''Sanyasi Samsara'', ''Chamachavathara'', ''Haasyadalli Ulta Palta'', ''Kapi Mushti'', ''Nadubidi Narayana'', ''Bhrashtachaara'', ''Anaachaara'', with ''Lanchavathara'' playing more than 11 [[1000 (number)|thousand]] times, over a span of 45 years, performing in countries like United States, Australia, Singapore, and England.<ref>{{cite web |title= Dramatists of Mysore |url= http://www.mysoresamachar.com/dramatists_mys.htm |publisher= mysoresamachar.com |url-status= live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140210113844/http://www.mysoresamachar.com/dramatists_mys.htm |archivedate= 10 February 2014 |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Master Hirannayya Drama Collection I MP3 CD |url= http://www.kannadastore.com/master-hirannayya-drama-collection-mp3-p-217.html |publisher= Chiloka.com |url-status= live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180301044730/http://www.kannadastore.com/master-hirannayya-drama-collection-mp3-p-217.html |archivedate= 1 March 2018 |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Kannada Drama Comedy |url= http://www.kannadaaudio.com/Songs/Drama/home/ |publisher= kannadaaudio.com |url-status= live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160305175319/http://www.kannadaaudio.com/Songs/Drama/home/ |archivedate= 5 March 2016 |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Crusader against Corruption: Master Hirannaiah |url= http://stories.knowyourstar.com/master-hirannaiah-interview/ |publisher= knowyourstar.com |url-status= live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180301233349/http://stories.knowyourstar.com/master-hirannaiah-interview/ |archivedate= 1 March 2018 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> | |||
=== Hirannaiah Award === | |||
Master Hirannaiah established the ''Hirannaiah Award'', in memory of his father who was known popularly as "''cultural comedian''"<ref>{{cite news |title= Keshava Rao, Fakirappa among 18 Nataka Academy award winners |url= http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Keshava-Rao-Fakirappa-among-18-Nataka-Academy-award-winners/article16526406.ece |newspaper= thehindu.com |url-status= live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180609100454/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Keshava-Rao-Fakirappa-among-18-Nataka-Academy-award-winners/article16526406.ece |archivedate= 9 June 2018 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> or "''cultured comedian''".<ref>{{cite web |title= K Hirannaiah – Cultured Comedian |url= https://www.sapnaonline.com/books/k-hirannaiah-cultured-comedian-4860286 |publisher= sapnaonline.com |access-date= 1 March 2018 |archive-date= 1 March 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164806/https://www.sapnaonline.com/books/k-hirannaiah-cultured-comedian-4860286 |url-status= live }}</ref> ''Hirannaiah Awards'' are presented on behalf of Karnataka Nataka Academy, to theatre artists ''(native name: Rangamukhagalu)'' for their notable drama works. First award ceremony was held on 17 April 2010, at the [[Jaganmohan Palace|Jaganmohan Palace auditorium]] in [[Mysore]], Karnataka.<ref>{{cite news |title= Nataka academy awards to be presented on April 17 |url= http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Nataka-academy-awards-to-be-presented-on-April-17/article16017811.ece |newspaper= thehindu.com |url-status= live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180609100454/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Nataka-academy-awards-to-be-presented-on-April-17/article16017811.ece |archivedate= 9 June 2018 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> | |||
== Death == | |||
Hirannaiah died on 2 May 2019 at a hospital in [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]] of complications from [[liver disease]], aged 85.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/kannada-theatre-personality-master-hirannaiah-passes-away/article27009127.ece|title=Kannada theatre personality Master Hirannaiah passes away|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2 May 2019|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011165507/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/kannada-theatre-personality-master-hirannaiah-passes-away/article27009127.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
==Awards won== | |||
* [[Rajyotsava Prashasti]] | |||
* [[Gubbi Veeranna|Gubbi Veeranna Award]] (1988) | |||
* [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]<ref>{{cite web |title= Master Hirannaiah |url= http://www.nettv4u.com/celebrity/kannada/writer/master-hirannaiah |publisher= nettv4u |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164324/http://www.nettv4u.com/celebrity/kannada/writer/master-hirannaiah |archivedate= 1 March 2018 |df= dmy-all |access-date= 28 February 2018 }}</ref> | |||
* Sandesha Arts Award (2009)<ref>{{cite news |title= Sandesha awards for Hirannayya, Amoora |url= http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Sandesha-awards-for-Hirannayya-Amoora/article16363025.ece |newspaper= thehindu.com |url-status= live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180609100454/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Sandesha-awards-for-Hirannayya-Amoora/article16363025.ece |archivedate= 9 June 2018 |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Mangalore: Fr Prashanth Madtha, Master Hirannayya among Sandesha Awardees |url= http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=56284 |publisher= daijiworld.com |url-status= live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180301104102/http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=56284 |archivedate= 1 March 2018 |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sandesha Awards |url=http://www.sandesha.org/sandesha-awards |publisher=sandesha.org |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325232300/http://www.sandesha.org/sandesha-awards |archivedate=25 March 2018 |df=dmy-all |access-date=29 March 2018 }}</ref> | |||
* 18th [[A. N. Krishna Rao|Anakru]] Nirman Swarna Award (2013)<ref>{{cite web |title= Anakru Nirman Awards |url= http://www.nirmanshelters.in/anakru-awards.html |publisher= nirmanshelters |url-status= live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180301044458/http://www.nirmanshelters.in/anakru-awards.html |archivedate= 1 March 2018 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> | |||
* Maha Advaithi Award (2017)<ref>{{cite web|title=ಮಾಸ್ಟರ್ ಹಿರಣ್ಣಯ್ಯಗೆ 'ಮಹಾ ಅದ್ವೈತಿ' ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ|url=https://vijaykarnataka.indiatimes.com/district/bengalurucity/maha-adwaithi-award-to-master-hirannaiah/articleshow/58387166.cms|date=27 April 2017|publisher=vijaykarnataka.indiatimes.com|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911101327/http://vijaykarnataka.indiatimes.com/district/bengalurucity/maha-adwaithi-award-to-master-hirannaiah/articleshow/58387166.cms|archivedate=11 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | |||
* Alva's Nudisiri Award (2005)<ref>{{cite news |title= Ten persons receive Alva's Nudisiri Award |url= http://www.thehindu.com/2005/10/24/stories/2005102400900200.htm |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180609094824/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/10/24/stories/2005102400900200.htm |archivedate= 9 June 2018 |newspaper= [[The Hindu]] |date= 2005-10-24 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> | |||
==Selected filmography== | |||
{{colbegin}} | |||
# ''[[List of Kannada films of 2010#July – December|Yaksha]]'' (2010) | |||
# ''Niranthara'' (2010)<ref>{{cite web |title= Niranthara (ನಿರಂತರ) |url= https://chiloka.com/movie/niranthara-2010 |date= 29 January 2010 |publisher= chiloka.com |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180609100454/https://chiloka.com/movie/niranthara-2010 |archivedate= 9 June 2018 |df= dmy-all |access-date= 1 March 2018 }}</ref> | |||
# ''[[List of Kannada films of 2009|Ee Sambhashane]]'' (2009) | |||
# ''[[List of Kannada films of 2007|Lancha Samrajya]]'' (2007) | |||
# ''[[List of Kannada films of 2007|Bombugalu Saar Bombugalu]]'' (2007) | |||
# ''[[Gaja (film)|Gaja]]'' (2008) | |||
# ''[[List of Kannada films of 2005#July – December|Hudgeeru Saar Hudgeeru]]'' (2005) | |||
# ''[[Operation Antha]]'' (1995) | |||
{{colend}} | |||
Kalyanothsava | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[List of people from Karnataka]] | |||
*[[Kannada cinema|Cinema of Karnataka]] | |||
*[[List of Indian film actors]] | |||
*[[Cinema of India]] | |||
{{clear}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{ | ==External links== | ||
*{{IMDb name|3013862|Master Hirannayya}} | |||
{{Cinema of Karnataka|state=collapsed}} | |||
{{CinemaofIndia}} | |||
{{Media of India}} | |||
{{authority control}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hirannaiah, Master}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Hirannaiah, Master}} | ||
[[Category:1934 births]] | [[Category:1934 births]] | ||
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]] | |||
[[Category:Indian male film actors]] | |||
[[Category:Male actors from Karnataka]] | |||
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]] | |||
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]] | |||
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada theatre]] | |||
[[Category:2019 deaths]] | [[Category:2019 deaths]] | ||
[[Category:Deaths from liver disease]] | [[Category:Deaths from liver disease]] | ||
{{india-actor-stub}} | |||
Latest revision as of 05:56, 14 August 2023
Master Hirannaiah | |
|---|---|
![]() | |
| Born | 15 February 1934 |
| Died | 2 May 2019 (aged 85) Bengalore, Karnataka, India |
| Other names | Narasimha Murthy |
| Occupation |
|
Notable work | Lanchavathara |
| Spouse(s) | Shanthamma |
| Children | 5[1] |
Hirannaiah or Hirannayya known by his stage name Master Hirannaiah (15 February 1934 – 2 May 2019) was an Indian actor in the Kannada film industry[2] and a theatre artist in Karnataka, India. Some of the notable films of Master Hirannaiah as an actor include ...Re (2016), Care of Footpath 2 (2015), No. 73, Shanthi Nivasa (2007).
Early life[edit | edit source]
Hirannaiah was born in Mysore, Karnataka on 15 February 1934.[3] His father K. Hirannaiah[4][5] too was an Indian actor, director, and writer in the Kannada film industry and a theatre artist in the state. His mother was Sharadamma. After finishing primary education in Banumayya Middle school, Hirannaiah completed intermediate in Sharada Vilas,[6] Mysore, Karnataka. In his childhood days, he distributed newspaper Sadhvi[7] to fund his education, while actively participating in drama and theatre plays.
After his father's death, Hirannaiah took over the management of the K.Hirannaiah Mitra Mandali,[8] which was founded by his late father. Later he became actor, director and administrator of the theatre company.
"My method is to have my commentary on various issues in the middle, while the beginning and end has the catchphrase which gets the attention of the audience."
—Master Hirannaiah, sharing his thoughts with Deccan Chronicle[9]
Career[edit | edit source]
Master Hirannaiah was part of more than 30 movies[10] in Kannada. His notable drama plays include Lanchavathara, Double Thaali, Kanya Dahana, Sanyasi Samsara, Chamachavathara, Haasyadalli Ulta Palta, Kapi Mushti, Nadubidi Narayana, Bhrashtachaara, Anaachaara, with Lanchavathara playing more than 11 thousand times, over a span of 45 years, performing in countries like United States, Australia, Singapore, and England.[11][12][13][14]
Hirannaiah Award[edit | edit source]
Master Hirannaiah established the Hirannaiah Award, in memory of his father who was known popularly as "cultural comedian"[15] or "cultured comedian".[16] Hirannaiah Awards are presented on behalf of Karnataka Nataka Academy, to theatre artists (native name: Rangamukhagalu) for their notable drama works. First award ceremony was held on 17 April 2010, at the Jaganmohan Palace auditorium in Mysore, Karnataka.[17]
Death[edit | edit source]
Hirannaiah died on 2 May 2019 at a hospital in Bengaluru, Karnataka of complications from liver disease, aged 85.[18]
Awards won[edit | edit source]
- Rajyotsava Prashasti
- Gubbi Veeranna Award (1988)
- Sangeet Natak Akademi Award[19]
- Sandesha Arts Award (2009)[20][21][22]
- 18th Anakru Nirman Swarna Award (2013)[23]
- Maha Advaithi Award (2017)[24]
- Alva's Nudisiri Award (2005)[25]
Selected filmography[edit | edit source]
- Yaksha (2010)
- Niranthara (2010)[26]
- Ee Sambhashane (2009)
- Lancha Samrajya (2007)
- Bombugalu Saar Bombugalu (2007)
- Gaja (2008)
- Hudgeeru Saar Hudgeeru (2005)
- Operation Antha (1995)
Kalyanothsava
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "A house built on family values". The Hindu. 12 November 2005. Archived from the original on 9 June 2018.
- ↑ "Master Hirannaiah". chiloka.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018.
- ↑ "Master Hirannaiah". nettv4u. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
- ↑ "Urban Legend: Master Hirannaiah, a 'drunk' with a punch". deccanchronicle.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018.
- ↑ "K. Hirannaiah". chiloka.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018.
- ↑ "Sharada Vilas College, Mysore". saradavilas.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
- ↑ "Sadvi Newspaper". etownmysore.com. Archived from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
- ↑ "All the city was a stage for them". The Hindu. 17 October 2002. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
- ↑ "Urban Legend: Master Hirannaiah, a 'drunk' with a punch". deccanchronicle.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018.
- ↑ "Master Hirannaiah: Filmography". Chiloka.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018.
- ↑ "Dramatists of Mysore". mysoresamachar.com. Archived from the original on 10 February 2014.
- ↑ "Master Hirannayya Drama Collection I MP3 CD". Chiloka.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018.
- ↑ "Kannada Drama Comedy". kannadaaudio.com. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
- ↑ "Crusader against Corruption: Master Hirannaiah". knowyourstar.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018.
- ↑ "Keshava Rao, Fakirappa among 18 Nataka Academy award winners". thehindu.com. Archived from the original on 9 June 2018.
- ↑ "K Hirannaiah – Cultured Comedian". sapnaonline.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
- ↑ "Nataka academy awards to be presented on April 17". thehindu.com. Archived from the original on 9 June 2018.
- ↑ "Kannada theatre personality Master Hirannaiah passes away". The Hindu. 2 May 2019. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ↑ "Master Hirannaiah". nettv4u. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
- ↑ "Sandesha awards for Hirannayya, Amoora". thehindu.com. Archived from the original on 9 June 2018.
- ↑ "Mangalore: Fr Prashanth Madtha, Master Hirannayya among Sandesha Awardees". daijiworld.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018.
- ↑ "Sandesha Awards". sandesha.org. Archived from the original on 25 March 2018. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
- ↑ "Anakru Nirman Awards". nirmanshelters. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018.
- ↑ "ಮಾಸ್ಟರ್ ಹಿರಣ್ಣಯ್ಯಗೆ 'ಮಹಾ ಅದ್ವೈತಿ' ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ". vijaykarnataka.indiatimes.com. 27 April 2017. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017.
- ↑ "Ten persons receive Alva's Nudisiri Award". The Hindu. 24 October 2005. Archived from the original on 9 June 2018.
- ↑ "Niranthara (ನಿರಂತರ)". chiloka.com. 29 January 2010. Archived from the original on 9 June 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
External links[edit | edit source]
