Karamat Rahman Niazi: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Pakistani admiral}}
{{Short description|Pakistani admiral (died 2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix   =  
| honorific-prefix   = [[Admiral (Pakistan)|Admiral]]
| name               =Karamat Rahman Niazi  
| name               = Karamat Rahman Niazi
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| honorific-suffix   = [[File:Sitara - i -Jurat .png|30px]] <br /> <b>[[Sitara-e-Jurat]]</b><br />{{small|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]] [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI(M)]] [[Sitara-e-Jurat|SJ]]}}
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| caption            =Then-[[Commander|Cdr]] K.R. Niazi on the [[periscope]] of {{ship|PNS|Ghazi||6}}, [[1965 in Pakistan|ca. 1965]].
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| term_start        =22 March 1979
| term_start         = 22 March 1979
| term_end          =23 March 1983
| term_end            = 23 March 1983
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| successor         =Adm [[Tariq Kamal Khan|Tariq Kamal]]
| successor           = Adm [[Tariq Kamal Khan|Tariq Kamal]]
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| pronunciation  =  
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| birth_name      =Karamat Rahman Niazi
| birth_name          = Karamat Rahman Niazi
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| birth_place    =[[Hoshiarpur]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], British India
| birth_place        = [[Hoshiarpur]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], British India
| death_date     = 4 May 2021
| death_date         = 4 May 2021
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| serviceyears       = 1948–1983
| serviceyears   =1948–1983  
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[[Admiral]] '''Karamat Rahman Niazi''' ([[Urdu language|Urdu:]]كرامت رحمٰن نيازى; usually shortened to '''K.R. Niazi'''), {{small|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]], [[Sitara-e-Jurat|SJ]], [[Hilal-e-Imtiaz|HI(M)]]}} (died 4 May 2021) was a [[Four-star rank|four-star]] rank [[Four star admiral|admiral]] who served as the [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff (CNS)]] from 1979 to 1983 in [[Pakistan Navy]].
[[Admiral]] '''Karamat Rahman Niazi''' {{small|{{small|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]] [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI(M)]] [[Sitara-e-Jurat|SJ]]}}}} ({{lang-ur|{{nq|كرامت رحمٰن نيازى}}}} ; usually shortened to '''K.R. Niazi''') (died 4 May 2021) was a senior officer of [[Pakistan Navy]] who served as the [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff (CNS)]] from 1979 to 1983 of [[Pakistan Navy]].


He was renowned for being the [[Commanding officer|commander]] of the submarine [[PNS Ghazi|PNS ''Ghazi'']] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|second war]] with [[India]] in 1965, for which he was decorated. In 1979, he took over the command of the [[Pakistan Navy]] as its [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]] and worked in close coordination with [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]] on the matters of national security throughout the 1980s.
He was renowned for being the [[Commanding officer|commander]] of the submarine [[PNS Ghazi|PNS ''Ghazi'']] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|second war]] with [[India]] in 1965, for which he was decorated. In 1979, he took over the command of the [[Pakistan Navy]] as its [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]] and worked in close coordination with [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]] on the matters of national security throughout the 1980s.
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==Biography==
==Biography==
===Naval career and between wars===
===Naval career and between wars===
Karamat Rahman Niazi was born in [[Hoshiarpur]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire|British India]], to a [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] noble family who belonged to the [[Niazi|Niazi tribe]].<ref name="www.pakistanconnections.com">{{cite web |script-title=ur:پاک بحریہ کے سربراہ۔ وائس ایڈمرل کرامت رحمان نیازی |url=http://www.pakistanconnections.com/history/detail/2015-03-22/2203|website=www.pakistanconnections.com/|publisher=www.pakistanconnections.com/|access-date=10 January 2017|language=ur|date=22 March 1979}}{{dead link|date=December 2018}}</ref> After graduating from a local high school, he [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] in the [[Pakistan Navy]] as a [[midshipman]] in 1948 in [[Pakistan Navy#Branches|Operations Branch]] and initially did his training at the [[Britannia Royal Naval College]] in [[Dartmouth, England|Dartmouth]] in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name="www.pakistanconnections.com"/> Upon returning, he was promoted as [[Sub lieutenant|sub-lieutenant]] and his career in the Navy progressed extremely well, eventually being promoted to [[Lieutenant commander|lieutenant-commander]] in 1962.<ref name="www.pakistanconnections.com"/>
[[File:Admiral.K.R.Niazi.jpg|thumb|left|Commander Niazi in [[PNS Ghazi]]]]
Karamat Rahman Niazi was born in [[Hoshiarpur]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire|British India]], to a [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] noble family who belonged to the [[Niazi|Niazi tribe]].<ref name="www.pakistanconnections.com">{{cite web |script-title=ur:پاک بحریہ کے سربراہ۔ وائس ایڈمرل کرامت رحمان نیازی |url=http://www.pakistanconnections.com/history/detail/2015-03-22/2203|website=www.pakistanconnections.com/|publisher=www.pakistanconnections.com/|access-date=10 January 2017|language=ur|date=22 March 1979}}{{dead link|date=December 2022}}</ref> After graduating from a local high school, he [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] in the [[Pakistan Navy]] as a [[midshipman]] in 1948 in [[Pakistan Navy#Branches|Operations Branch]] and initially did his training at the [[Britannia Royal Naval College]] in [[Dartmouth, England|Dartmouth]] in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name="www.pakistanconnections.com"/> Upon returning, he was promoted as [[Sub lieutenant|sub-lieutenant]] and his career in the Navy progressed extremely well, eventually being promoted to [[Lieutenant commander|lieutenant-commander]] in 1962.<ref name="www.pakistanconnections.com"/>


In 1963, Lieutenant-Commander Niazi was directed to the [[United States]] to complete a training on the submarine operations, and qualified for his training from the {{USS|Angler}}, alongside then-[[Lieutenant]] [[Ahmad Tasnim]].<ref name="Defence Journal, 2001">{{cite web|last1=Amin|first1=Abdul Hameed|title=Remembering Our Warriors - Vice Admiral Tasneem|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/may/tasneem.htm|website=www.defencejournal.com|publisher=Defence Journal, 2001|access-date=27 January 2017|location=Karachi, Pakistan|pages=1|language=en|date=May 2001}}</ref> Upon [[Ship commissioning|commissioning]] of PNS ''Ghazi'' in the [[Pakistan Navy|Navy]] in 1963, Niazi was promoted as [[Commander (rank)|commander]] and was the first [[commanding officer]] of the nation's first submarine, ''Ghazi''.<ref name="Defence Journal, 2001"/>
In 1963, Lieutenant-Commander Niazi was directed to the [[United States]] to complete a training on the submarine operations, and qualified for his training from the {{USS|Angler}}, alongside then-[[Lieutenant]] [[Ahmad Tasnim]].<ref name="Defence Journal, 2001">{{cite web|last1=Amin|first1=Abdul Hameed|title=Remembering Our Warriors - Vice Admiral Tasneem|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/may/tasneem.htm|website=www.defencejournal.com|publisher=Defence Journal, 2001|access-date=27 January 2017|location=Karachi, Pakistan|pages=1|language=en|date=May 2001}}</ref> Upon [[Ship commissioning|commissioning]] of PNS ''Ghazi'' in the [[Pakistan Navy|Navy]] in 1963, Niazi was promoted as [[Commander (rank)|commander]] and was the first [[commanding officer]] of the nation's first submarine, ''Ghazi''.<ref name="Defence Journal, 2001"/>
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  | url =http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/jan/agosta.htm
  | url =http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/jan/agosta.htm
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  | access-date =2 November 2010 }}</ref>  He ordered an increase in depth to evade the counter attack, as there were three distant explosions heard.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii">{{cite web|last1=wwiiafterwwii|title=Last voyage of PNS Ghazi 1971|url=https://wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com/2015/12/24/last-voyage-of-pns-ghazi-1971/|website=wwiiafterwwii|publisher=wwiiafterwwii|access-date=18 November 2016|date=24 December 2015}}</ref> Niazi logged the explosions in the [[War diary|war logs]], but ''Brahmaputra'' was not sunk nor had it released any [[depth charge]]s, as no [[Homing missile|homing signals]] were detected by the submarine's [[computer]]s.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii"/> After a [[Tashkent Agreement|ceasefire]] was enforced by the [[India and Pakistan|two nations]], Niazi decided to continue patrolling the [[Arabian sea]] and safely reported back to [[Karachi Naval Dockyard|its base]] on 23 September 1965.<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium"/>
  | access-date =2 November 2010 }}</ref>  He ordered an increase in depth to evade the counter attack, as there were three distant explosions heard.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii">{{cite web|last1=wwiiafterwwii|title=Last voyage of PNS Ghazi 1971|url=https://wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com/2015/12/24/last-voyage-of-pns-ghazi-1971/|website=wwiiafterwwii|publisher=wwiiafterwwii|access-date=18 November 2016|date=24 December 2022}}</ref> Niazi logged the explosions in the [[War diary|war logs]], but ''Brahmaputra'' was not sunk nor had it released any [[depth charge]]s, as no [[Homing missile|homing signals]] were detected by the submarine's [[computer]]s.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii"/> After a [[Tashkent Agreement|ceasefire]] was enforced by the [[India and Pakistan|two nations]], Niazi decided to continue patrolling the [[Arabian sea]] and safely reported back to [[Karachi Naval Dockyard|its base]] on 23 September 1965.<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium"/>


At [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]], Niazi submitted his mission report, but did not submit an inquiry report of three mysterious explosions that were heard during the course of the mission.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii"/> Niazi and Lieutenant-Commander [[Ahmad Tasnim|Tasnim]] were publicly decorated with [[Sitara-e-Jurat]] by [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]] for their actions.{{rp|165–166}}<ref name="Roli Books Private Limited">{{cite book|last1=Cardozo|first1=Ian|title=The Sinking of INS Khukri: Survivor's Stories|date=1999|publisher=Roli Books Private Limited|isbn=9789351940999|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xvs_CgAAQBAJ&q=Niazi+PNS+ghazi&pg=PT28|access-date=28 January 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Manohar, 1998">{{cite book|last=Niaiz|first=Amir Abdullah Khan|title=The Betrayal of East-Pakistan|year=1998|publisher=Manohar, 1998|location=University of Michigan|isbn=978-81-7304-256-0|pages=316–320}}</ref><ref>[http://www.defence.pk/forums/naval-forces/34672-pakistan-navy-submarines-silent-force-reckon.html "Pakistan Navy Submarines: A Silent Force to Reckon with!"] ''Pakistan Defence website'', 20 September 2009</ref>
At [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]], Niazi submitted his mission report, but did not submit an inquiry report of three mysterious explosions that were heard during the course of the mission.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii"/> Niazi and Lieutenant-Commander [[Ahmad Tasnim|Tasnim]] were publicly decorated with [[Sitara-e-Jurat]] by [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]] for their actions.{{rp|165–166}}<ref name="Roli Books Private Limited">{{cite book|last1=Cardozo|first1=Ian|title=The Sinking of INS Khukri: Survivor's Stories|date=1999|publisher=Roli Books Private Limited|isbn=9789351940999|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xvs_CgAAQBAJ&q=Niazi+PNS+ghazi&pg=PT28|access-date=28 January 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Manohar, 1998">{{cite book|last=Niaiz|first=Amir Abdullah Khan|title=The Betrayal of East-Pakistan|year=1998|publisher=Manohar, 1998|location=University of Michigan|isbn=978-81-7304-256-0|pages=316–320}}</ref><ref>[http://www.defence.pk/forums/naval-forces/34672-pakistan-navy-submarines-silent-force-reckon.html "Pakistan Navy Submarines: A Silent Force to Reckon with!"] ''Pakistan Defence website'', 20 September 2009</ref>
Line 164: Line 163:
In 1971, he was promoted to [[Commodore (rank)|commodore]] and temporarily held the rank of [[Rear admiral|rear-admiral]] to assume the [[Pakistan Navy#Submarine Command of Pakistan Navy|Submarine Command]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|third war]] with [[India]].{{rp|325}}<ref name="Manohar, 1998"/> In 1972, Commodore Niazi assumed the command of the [[Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders|Pakistan Fleet]] before being selected to attend the [[National Defence University, Pakistan|National Defence University]] in [[Islamabad]] to complete a [[master's degree]] in [[strategic studies]], also in 1972.{{rp|240}}<ref name="Jang Publishers 1995">{{cite book|last1=Sirohey |first1=Iftikhar Ahmed |authorlink1=Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey |title=Truth Never Retires: An Autobiography of Admiral Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey |date=1995 |publisher=Jang Publishers |location=Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan |isbn=978-1606350034 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-IHjAAAAMAAJ&q=rear+admiral+kr++niazi+ |access-date=28 January 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
In 1971, he was promoted to [[Commodore (rank)|commodore]] and temporarily held the rank of [[Rear admiral|rear-admiral]] to assume the [[Pakistan Navy#Submarine Command of Pakistan Navy|Submarine Command]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|third war]] with [[India]].{{rp|325}}<ref name="Manohar, 1998"/> In 1972, Commodore Niazi assumed the command of the [[Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders|Pakistan Fleet]] before being selected to attend the [[National Defence University, Pakistan|National Defence University]] in [[Islamabad]] to complete a [[master's degree]] in [[strategic studies]], also in 1972.{{rp|240}}<ref name="Jang Publishers 1995">{{cite book|last1=Sirohey |first1=Iftikhar Ahmed |authorlink1=Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey |title=Truth Never Retires: An Autobiography of Admiral Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey |date=1995 |publisher=Jang Publishers |location=Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan |isbn=978-1606350034 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-IHjAAAAMAAJ&q=rear+admiral+kr++niazi+ |access-date=28 January 2017 |language=en}}</ref>


Upon graduating in 1976, his promotion in the Navy was extremely quick due to the dismissal of senior [[Flag officer|flag ranking]] officers. He was immediately promoted to [[Two-star admiral|two-star]] [[Rear admiral|rear-admiral]], becoming the senior [[Fleet Commander|fleet commander]] as the head of the Pakistan Fleet.{{rp|242}}<ref name="Jang Publishers 1995"/> In 1977, he was promoted as [[Vice admiral|vice-admiral]] and appointed [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)#Vice Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Vice Chief of Naval Staff (VCNS)]], where he was instrumental in incorporating new ideas on [[anti-submarine warfare]] methods.{{rp|241–242}}<ref name="Jang Publishers 1995"/>
Upon graduating in 1976, his promotion in the Navy was extremely quick due to the dismissal of senior [[Flag officer|flag ranking]] officers. He was immediately promoted to [[Two-star admiral|two-star]] [[Rear admiral|rear-admiral]], becoming the senior [[Fleet Commander|fleet commander]] as the head of the Pakistan Fleet.{{rp|242}}<ref name="Jang Publishers 1995"/> In 1977, he was promoted as [[Vice admiral|vice-admiral]] and appointed [[Vice Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Vice Chief of Naval Staff (VCNS)]], where he was instrumental in incorporating new ideas on [[anti-submarine warfare]] methods.{{rp|241–242}}<ref name="Jang Publishers 1995"/>


===Chief of Naval Staff===
===Chief of Naval Staff===
Line 171: Line 170:
As Chief of Naval Staff, he played a crucial role in stabilizing the [[Zia regime|administration]] of [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]] and was appointed [[martial law administrator]] under President Zia.{{rp|115}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Asia & Pacific Annual Review|year=1979 |publisher=World of Information |isbn=9780904439144 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0pEUAQAAMAAJ&q=karamat+rahman+niazi+1971|access-date=28 January 2017 |language=en}}</ref>{{rp|251}}<ref name="Jang Publishers 1995" /><ref name="Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980">{{cite book|last=Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses|title=Strategic analysis: The Naval dictatorship|year=1980|publisher=Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980|location=University of California|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zTcsAAAAIAAJ&q=admiral+karamat+rehman+niazi}}</ref> Admiral Niazi worked in close coordination with Zia on the national security issues, including those involving internal security.{{rp|69–71}}<ref name="Library of Congress">{{cite book|last=Wirsing|first=Robert|title=Pakistan's security under Zia, 1977-1988§ The war in Afghanistan: The interventionist imperative|year=1991|publisher=Library of Congress|location=Washington D.C.|isbn=0-312-06067-X|pages=69–71|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2vOQT18zlWUC&q=admiral+karamat+rahman+niazi&pg=PA71}}</ref>
As Chief of Naval Staff, he played a crucial role in stabilizing the [[Zia regime|administration]] of [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]] and was appointed [[martial law administrator]] under President Zia.{{rp|115}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Asia & Pacific Annual Review|year=1979 |publisher=World of Information |isbn=9780904439144 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0pEUAQAAMAAJ&q=karamat+rahman+niazi+1971|access-date=28 January 2017 |language=en}}</ref>{{rp|251}}<ref name="Jang Publishers 1995" /><ref name="Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980">{{cite book|last=Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses|title=Strategic analysis: The Naval dictatorship|year=1980|publisher=Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980|location=University of California|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zTcsAAAAIAAJ&q=admiral+karamat+rehman+niazi}}</ref> Admiral Niazi worked in close coordination with Zia on the national security issues, including those involving internal security.{{rp|69–71}}<ref name="Library of Congress">{{cite book|last=Wirsing|first=Robert|title=Pakistan's security under Zia, 1977-1988§ The war in Afghanistan: The interventionist imperative|year=1991|publisher=Library of Congress|location=Washington D.C.|isbn=0-312-06067-X|pages=69–71|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2vOQT18zlWUC&q=admiral+karamat+rahman+niazi&pg=PA71}}</ref>


After the [[Soviet Union]] [[Soviet–Afghan War|intervened]] in neighboring [[Communist Afghanistan|Afghanistan]], Admiral Niazi gave authorization to the Navy's depot command in Karachi to store arms and weapons bought by the [[United States]] under a [[Operation Cyclone|covert operation]] to [[United States and state-sponsored terrorism|secretly arm]] the [[Afghan mujahideen]] fighting the Soviet Union.{{rp|261–400}}<ref name="Jang Publishers 1995" /><ref name="Ashgate Publishing Limited">{{cite book|last=Hilali|first=A.Z.|title=U.S.-Pakistan relations: The Russian war in Afghanistan|year=2005|publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited|location=Burlington, VT, United States|isbn=0-7546-4220-8|pages=129–131|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nhqRa0glD9oC&q=admiral+karamat+rahman+niazi&pg=PA131}}</ref> His interests in the country's [[Economy of Pakistan|economy]] was also noted when aiding in preparation of federal budgets.<ref name="Economic & Industrial Publications., 1988">{{cite web|last=Economical History of Eastern Europe and Pakistan|title=Pakistan Economic review, Volume 19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ksXsAAAAMAAJ&q=admiral+karamat+rahman+niazi|work=the University of Michigan|year=1988|publisher=Economic & Industrial Publications., 1988|access-date=17 December 2011}}</ref> During the same time, he maintained close ties with the [[People's Republic of China]] and held discussion on upgrading the existing naval infrastructure in the country.{{rp|118}}|<ref>{{cite book|last1=Analyses|first1=Institute for Defence Studies and|title=News Review on Science and Technology|date=April 1981|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=snYoAQAAMAAJ&q=admiral+kr+niazi+china|access-date=28 January 2017|language=en}}</ref> His tenure lasted only three years, and he retired on 22 March 1983, handing over command of the Navy to Admiral [[Tariq Kamal Khan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Asian Recorder|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C51tAAAAMAAJ&q=admiral+niazi+china|publisher=K. K. Thomas at Recorder Press|access-date=28 January 2017|language=en|date=1 January 1983}}</ref>
After the [[Soviet Union]] [[Soviet–Afghan War|intervened]] in neighboring [[Communist Afghanistan|Afghanistan]], Admiral Niazi gave authorization to the Navy's depot command in Karachi to store arms and weapons bought by the [[United States]] under a [[Operation Cyclone|covert operation]] to [[United States and state-sponsored terrorism|secretly arm]] the [[Afghan mujahideen]] fighting the Soviet Union.{{rp|261–400}}<ref name="Jang Publishers 1995" /><ref name="Ashgate Publishing Limited">{{cite book|last=Hilali|first=A.Z.|title=U.S.-Pakistan relations: The Russian war in Afghanistan|year=2005|publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited|location=Burlington, VT, United States|isbn=0-7546-4220-8|pages=129–131|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nhqRa0glD9oC&q=admiral+karamat+rahman+niazi&pg=PA131}}</ref> His interests in the country's [[Economy of Pakistan|economy]] was also noted when aiding in preparation of federal budgets.<ref name="Economic & Industrial Publications., 1988">{{cite web|last=Economical History of Eastern Europe and Pakistan|title=Pakistan Economic review, Volume 19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ksXsAAAAMAAJ&q=admiral+karamat+rahman+niazi|work=the University of Michigan|year=1988|publisher=Economic & Industrial Publications., 1988|access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> During the same time, he maintained close ties with the [[People's Republic of China]] and held discussion on upgrading the existing naval infrastructure in the country.{{rp|118}}|<ref>{{cite book|last1=Analyses|first1=Institute for Defence Studies and|title=News Review on Science and Technology|date=April 1981|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=snYoAQAAMAAJ&q=admiral+kr+niazi+china|access-date=28 January 2017|language=en}}</ref> His tenure lasted only three years, and he retired on 22 March 1983, handing over command of the Navy to Admiral [[Tariq Kamal Khan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Asian Recorder|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C51tAAAAMAAJ&q=admiral+niazi+china|publisher=K. K. Thomas at Recorder Press|access-date=28 January 2017|language=en|date=1 January 1983}}</ref>


==Post-retirement==
==Post-retirement==


After his retirement, Admiral K.R. Niazi lived a very quiet life and lived on [[Pensions in Pakistan|military pension]].<ref name="Institute of Defence Studies and Analysis">{{cite web|last1=Upadhyay|first1=P. K|title=From FATA to South Punjab: The Looming Leap of Islamic Radicalism in Pakistan— Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses|url=http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/IslamicRadicalisminPakistanFromFATAtoSouthPunjab_pkupadhyay_301109|website=www.idsa.in|publisher=Institute of Defence Studies and Analysis|access-date=28 January 2017|language=en|date=30 November 2009}}</ref> He did not seek public office, but became a member of ''[[Tablighi Jamaat]]'' in his later life serving on [[Islamic missionary activity|missionary activities]] throughout his life.<ref name="Institute of Defence Studies and Analysis"/>
After his retirement, Admiral K.R. Niazi lived a very quiet life and lived on [[Pensions in Pakistan|military pension]].<ref name="Institute of Defence Studies and Analysis">{{cite web|last1=Upadhyay|first1=P. K|title=From FATA to South Punjab: The Looming Leap of Islamic Radicalism in Pakistan— Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses|url=http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/IslamicRadicalisminPakistanFromFATAtoSouthPunjab_pkupadhyay_301109|website=www.idsa.in|publisher=Institute of Defence Studies and Analysis|access-date=28 January 2017|language=en|date=30 November 2022}}</ref> He did not seek public office, but became a member of ''[[Tablighi Jamaat]]'' in his later life serving on [[Islamic missionary activity|missionary activities]] throughout his life.<ref name="Institute of Defence Studies and Analysis"/>


On 23 January 2008, Admiral Niazi was among the retired senior military officers from the Ex-Servicemen Association who called for [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Parvez Musharraf]]'s resignation in order to pave the way for a complete restoration of [[Pakistani democracy|democracy]] and [[Law and order in Pakistan|law and order]] in the country.<ref>{{Cite web | last =Staff Report | author-link = | title =Retired generals, officers of other ranks urge Musharraf to step down | publisher = | date =23 January 2008 | url =http://www.naitazi.com/2008/01/23/retired-generals-officers-of-other-ranks-urge-musharraf-to-step-down/ | format = | doi = }}</ref> In 2009 and 2014, it was reported that Admiral Niazi had been  secretly monitored by the [[Federal Investigation Agency|FIA]] for his alleged and controversial activities in the country, though no charges were ever leveled against him.<ref name="Institute of Defence Studies and Analysis"/>
On 23 January 2008, Admiral Niazi was among the retired senior military officers from the Ex-Servicemen Association who called for [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Parvez Musharraf]]'s resignation in order to pave the way for a complete restoration of [[Pakistani democracy|democracy]] and [[Law and order in Pakistan|law and order]] in the country.<ref>{{Cite web | last =Staff Report | author-link = | title =Retired generals, officers of other ranks urge Musharraf to step down | publisher = | date =23 January 2008 | url =http://www.naitazi.com/2008/01/23/retired-generals-officers-of-other-ranks-urge-musharraf-to-step-down/ | format = | doi = }}</ref> In 2009 and 2014, it was reported that Admiral Niazi had been  secretly monitored by the [[Federal Investigation Agency|FIA]] for his alleged and controversial activities in the country, though no charges were ever leveled against him.<ref name="Institute of Defence Studies and Analysis"/>
== Awards and decorations ==
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130}}&ensp;{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130}}&ensp;{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Jurat.png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Diffa.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War Ribbon.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War.png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Republic Medal 1956 (Pakistan).png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Hijri Tamgha.png|width=130}}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
|'''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz]]'''
'''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|(Military)]]'''
''(Order of Excellence)''
| colspan="2" |[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|'''Hilal-e-Imtiaz''']]
'''[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|(Military)]]'''
''(Crescent of Excellence)''
|'''[[Sitara-e-Jurat]]'''
''(Star of Courage)''
'''[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|1965 War]]'''
|-
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|Tamgha-e-Diffa]]'''
''(General Service Medal)''
'''1. [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|1965 War]] Clasp'''
'''2. [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|1971 War]] Clasp'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War]]'''
''(War Star 1965)''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign%20/%20war%20medals|Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War]]'''
''(War Star 1971)''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War]]'''
''(War Medal 1965)''
|-
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign%20/%20war%20medals|Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War]]'''
''(War Medal 1971)''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-]]'''
'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam]]'''
''(100th Birth Anniversary of''
''[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]])''
'''1976'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Tamgha-e-Jamhuria]]'''
''(Republic Commemoration Medal)''
'''1956'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Hijri Tamgha]]'''
''(Hijri Medal)''
'''1979'''
|}


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 20:35, 27 October 2022


Admiral
Karamat Rahman Niazi
Sitara - i -Jurat .png
Sitara-e-Jurat
NI(M) HI(M) SJ
File:Admiral Karamat Rahman Niazi.jpg
Chief of Naval Staff
In office
22 March 1979 – 23 March 1983
Preceded byAdm Mohammad Shariff
Succeeded byAdm Tariq Kamal
Personal details
Born
Karamat Rahman Niazi

Hoshiarpur, Punjab, British India
Died4 May 2021
CitizenshipTemplate:Pak
NationalityPakistani
Military service
Allegiance Pakistan
Branch/serviceNaval Jack of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Navy
Years of service1948–1983
Rank15-Pakistan Navy-ADM.svg Admiral
UnitNaval Operations Branch
(S/No. PN. 214):242[1]
CommandsVice-Chief of Naval Staff
Commander Pakistan Fleet
Submarine Command
Battles/warsIndo-Pakistani War of 1965
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
AwardsNishan-e-Imtiaz.pngNishan-e-Imtiaz (Military)
Hilal-e-Imtiaz.pngHilal-e-Imtiaz (Military)
Sitara-e-Jurat.pngSitara-e-Jurat

Admiral Karamat Rahman Niazi NI(M) HI(M) SJ (Urdu: كرامت رحمٰن نيازى‎ ; usually shortened to K.R. Niazi) (died 4 May 2021) was a senior officer of Pakistan Navy who served as the Chief of Naval Staff (CNS) from 1979 to 1983 of Pakistan Navy.

He was renowned for being the commander of the submarine PNS Ghazi during the second war with India in 1965, for which he was decorated. In 1979, he took over the command of the Pakistan Navy as its Chief of Naval Staff and worked in close coordination with President Zia-ul-Haq on the matters of national security throughout the 1980s.

Biography

Naval career and between wars

File:Admiral.K.R.Niazi.jpg
Commander Niazi in PNS Ghazi

Karamat Rahman Niazi was born in Hoshiarpur, Punjab, British India, to a Pashtun noble family who belonged to the Niazi tribe.[2] After graduating from a local high school, he commissioned in the Pakistan Navy as a midshipman in 1948 in Operations Branch and initially did his training at the Britannia Royal Naval College in Dartmouth in the United Kingdom.[2] Upon returning, he was promoted as sub-lieutenant and his career in the Navy progressed extremely well, eventually being promoted to lieutenant-commander in 1962.[2]

In 1963, Lieutenant-Commander Niazi was directed to the United States to complete a training on the submarine operations, and qualified for his training from the Template:USS, alongside then-Lieutenant Ahmad Tasnim.[3] Upon commissioning of PNS Ghazi in the Navy in 1963, Niazi was promoted as commander and was the first commanding officer of the nation's first submarine, Ghazi.[3]

On 2 September in 1965, Ghazi was deployed to Bombay coast under Niazi's command, initially covertly patrolling the Rann of Kutch coastal areas.[3] However, his mission was to remain off the Bombay coast and engage only major warships of the Indian Navy which were close to the Karachi coast.[4] After the naval shelling by the Pakistan Navy of Dwarka, India, Ghazi again returned to patrol off the Rann of Kutch area and identified two warships, but did not engage them.[4]

On 17 September 1965, Commander Niazi ordered the firing of three Mk. 14 torpedoes at the INS Brahmaputra when it was identified by its navigator officers.[5] He ordered an increase in depth to evade the counter attack, as there were three distant explosions heard.[6] Niazi logged the explosions in the war logs, but Brahmaputra was not sunk nor had it released any depth charges, as no homing signals were detected by the submarine's computers.[6] After a ceasefire was enforced by the two nations, Niazi decided to continue patrolling the Arabian sea and safely reported back to its base on 23 September 1965.[4]

At Navy NHQ, Niazi submitted his mission report, but did not submit an inquiry report of three mysterious explosions that were heard during the course of the mission.[6] Niazi and Lieutenant-Commander Tasnim were publicly decorated with Sitara-e-Jurat by President Ayub Khan for their actions.:165–166[7][8][9]

Niazi commanded Ghazi until 1967 before being promoted to captain and taking a staff assignment at Navy NHQ.[2]

In 1971, he was promoted to commodore and temporarily held the rank of rear-admiral to assume the Submarine Command during the third war with India.:325[8] In 1972, Commodore Niazi assumed the command of the Pakistan Fleet before being selected to attend the National Defence University in Islamabad to complete a master's degree in strategic studies, also in 1972.:240[10]

Upon graduating in 1976, his promotion in the Navy was extremely quick due to the dismissal of senior flag ranking officers. He was immediately promoted to two-star rear-admiral, becoming the senior fleet commander as the head of the Pakistan Fleet.:242[10] In 1977, he was promoted as vice-admiral and appointed Vice Chief of Naval Staff (VCNS), where he was instrumental in incorporating new ideas on anti-submarine warfare methods.:241–242[10]

Chief of Naval Staff

Vice-Admiral Niazi was promoted as four-rank admiral in the Navy and assumed command of the Navy from Admiral Mohammad Shariff as its Chief of Naval Staff on 22 March 1979.:242[1] Admiral Niaz was honored with Nishan-i-Imtiaz (Military), which is awarded to all the services chiefs upon taking over their respective commands by the President.:250[10]

As Chief of Naval Staff, he played a crucial role in stabilizing the administration of President Zia-ul-Haq and was appointed martial law administrator under President Zia.:115[11]:251[10][12] Admiral Niazi worked in close coordination with Zia on the national security issues, including those involving internal security.:69–71[13]

After the Soviet Union intervened in neighboring Afghanistan, Admiral Niazi gave authorization to the Navy's depot command in Karachi to store arms and weapons bought by the United States under a covert operation to secretly arm the Afghan mujahideen fighting the Soviet Union.:261–400[10][14] His interests in the country's economy was also noted when aiding in preparation of federal budgets.[15] During the same time, he maintained close ties with the People's Republic of China and held discussion on upgrading the existing naval infrastructure in the country.:118|[16] His tenure lasted only three years, and he retired on 22 March 1983, handing over command of the Navy to Admiral Tariq Kamal Khan.[17]

Post-retirement

After his retirement, Admiral K.R. Niazi lived a very quiet life and lived on military pension.[18] He did not seek public office, but became a member of Tablighi Jamaat in his later life serving on missionary activities throughout his life.[18]

On 23 January 2008, Admiral Niazi was among the retired senior military officers from the Ex-Servicemen Association who called for President Parvez Musharraf's resignation in order to pave the way for a complete restoration of democracy and law and order in the country.[19] In 2009 and 2014, it was reported that Admiral Niazi had been secretly monitored by the FIA for his alleged and controversial activities in the country, though no charges were ever leveled against him.[18]

Awards and decorations

Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt
Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt
Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt Template:Ribbon devices/alt
Nishan-e-Imtiaz

(Military)

(Order of Excellence)

Hilal-e-Imtiaz

(Military)

(Crescent of Excellence)

Sitara-e-Jurat

(Star of Courage)

1965 War

Tamgha-e-Diffa

(General Service Medal)

1. 1965 War Clasp

2. 1971 War Clasp

Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War

(War Star 1965)

Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War

(War Star 1971)

Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War

(War Medal 1965)

Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War

(War Medal 1971)

Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-

Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam

(100th Birth Anniversary of

Muhammad Ali Jinnah)

1976

Tamgha-e-Jamhuria

(Republic Commemoration Medal)

1956

Hijri Tamgha

(Hijri Medal)

1979

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 The Gazette of Pakistan. The Gazette of Pakistan. 1979. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 پاک بحریہ کے سربراہ۔ وائس ایڈمرل کرامت رحمان نیازی. www.pakistanconnections.com/ (in اردو). www.pakistanconnections.com/. 22 March 1979. Retrieved 10 January 2017.[dead link]
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Amin, Abdul Hameed (May 2001). "Remembering Our Warriors - Vice Admiral Tasneem". www.defencejournal.com. Karachi, Pakistan: Defence Journal, 2001. p. 1. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Shabbir, Usman (June 2003). "1965 War: Naval operations". pakdef.org. Karachi, Sindh: PakDef Military Consortium. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  5. ↑ Lodhi, Sardar F.S. (January 2000). "An Agosta Submarine for Pakistan". Defense Journal (Pakistan). Defense Journal of Pakistan and Lieutenant-General (retired) S.F.S Lodhi. Retrieved 2 November 2010.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 wwiiafterwwii (24 December 2022). "Last voyage of PNS Ghazi 1971". wwiiafterwwii. wwiiafterwwii. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  7. ↑ Cardozo, Ian (1999). The Sinking of INS Khukri: Survivor's Stories. Roli Books Private Limited. ISBN 9789351940999. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Niaiz, Amir Abdullah Khan (1998). The Betrayal of East-Pakistan. University of Michigan: Manohar, 1998. pp. 316–320. ISBN 978-81-7304-256-0.
  9. ↑ "Pakistan Navy Submarines: A Silent Force to Reckon with!" Pakistan Defence website, 20 September 2009
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Sirohey, Iftikhar Ahmed (1995). Truth Never Retires: An Autobiography of Admiral Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey. Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan: Jang Publishers. ISBN 978-1606350034. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
  11. ↑ Asia & Pacific Annual Review. World of Information. 1979. ISBN 9780904439144. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
  12. ↑ Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses (1980). Strategic analysis: The Naval dictatorship. University of California: Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980.
  13. ↑ Wirsing, Robert (1991). Pakistan's security under Zia, 1977-1988§ The war in Afghanistan: The interventionist imperative. Washington D.C.: Library of Congress. pp. 69–71. ISBN 0-312-06067-X.
  14. ↑ Hilali, A.Z. (2005). U.S.-Pakistan relations: The Russian war in Afghanistan. Burlington, VT, United States: Ashgate Publishing Limited. pp. 129–131. ISBN 0-7546-4220-8.
  15. ↑ Economical History of Eastern Europe and Pakistan (1988). "Pakistan Economic review, Volume 19". the University of Michigan. Economic & Industrial Publications., 1988. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  16. ↑ Analyses, Institute for Defence Studies and (April 1981). News Review on Science and Technology. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
  17. ↑ "Asian Recorder". K. K. Thomas at Recorder Press. 1 January 1983. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Upadhyay, P. K (30 November 2022). "From FATA to South Punjab: The Looming Leap of Islamic Radicalism in Pakistan— Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses". www.idsa.in. Institute of Defence Studies and Analysis. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
  19. ↑ Staff Report (23 January 2008). "Retired generals, officers of other ranks urge Musharraf to step down".

External links

Military offices
Preceded by
Mohammad Shariff 		Chief of Naval Staff
1979–1983 		Succeeded by
Tariq Kamal Khan

Template:Pakistan Navy Staff Chief

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