Nilgiri-class frigate (2019): Difference between revisions

	An animated rendering of the Nilgiri-class frigate.
Class overview
Name:	Nilgiri class
Builders:	Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE); Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL);
Operators:	Indian Navy
Preceded by:	class
Cost:	₹4,000 crore (US$460 million) per frigate (Estimated); ₹45,000 crore (US$5.2 billion) (Total deal);
Planned:	7
Building:	7
Active:	0
General characteristics
Type:	Guided-missile frigate
Displacement:	6,670 t (6,560 long tons)
Length:	149 m (488 ft 10 in)
Beam:	17.8 m (58 ft 5 in)
Draft:	5.22 m (17 ft 2 in)
Depth:	9.9 m (32 ft 6 in)
Installed power:	2 x MAN Diesel 12V28/33D STC (6000 kW each); 2 x General Electric LM2500;
Propulsion:	CODAG
Speed:	32 kn (59 km/h)
Range:	2,500 nmi (4,600 km) at 28 kn (52 km/h); 5,500 nmi (10,200 km) at 16–18 kn (30–33 km/h);
Boats & landing ; craft carried:	2 x RHIB
Complement:	226 (Including 35 officers)
Sensors and ; processing systems:	Radar :-; IAI EL/M-2248 MF-STAR S-Band AESA radar; Indra LTR-25 'Lanza' L-Band surface-search radar; Sonar :-; BEL HUMSA-NG active/passive sonar; Combat Suite :-; "Combat Management System" (CMS-17A);
Electronic warfare ; & decoys:	DRDO "Shakti" EW suite (equipped with ESM/ECM and "Radar Finger Printing System" (RFPS)); Decoys :-; 4 x Kavach decoy launchers; 2 x NSTL Maareech torpedo-countermeasure systems;
Armament:	Anti-air warfare :-; 4 × 8-cell VLS, for 32 Barak 8ER surface-to-air missiles; Anti-surface warfare :-; 1 x 8-cell VLS, for 8 BrahMos anti-ship missiles; Anti-submarine warfare :-; 2 × triple-tube torpedo launchers Varunastra; 2 × RBU-6000 anti-submarine rocket launchers (72 rockets); Guns :-; 1 × OTO Melara 76 mm naval gun; 2 × AK-630M CIWS;
Aircraft carried:	2 × HAL Dhruv (or) Sea King Mk. 42B helicopters
Aviation facilities:	Enclosed helicopter hangar capable of accommodating two multi-role helicopters.
Notes:	First major class of Indian-designed warships to be built using integrated modular construction.

Revision as of 14:46, 20 December 2022

The Nilgiri-class frigates, formally classified as the Project-17 Alpha frigates (P-17A), are a series of stealth guided-missile frigates currently being built by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders (MDL) and Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE), for the Indian Navy.^[5]^[6]

Design

Development

An animated depiction of the Nilgiri-class frigate, showing its starboard.

The frigates were designed by the Warship Design Bureau ( formerly Directorate of Naval Design ) – an internal establishment within the Indian Navy responsible for designing warships; the organisation is also distinguished for having contributed to the designing of numerous Indian warships, including INS Vikrant – India's first indigenously-designed aircraft carrier, the -class submarines – India's first indigenously-designed nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines and the -class frigates – India's first indigenously designed frigates equipped with stealth technology.^[7]

The class' design was finalised by the DND in 2013; it was later unveiled to the public in April 2018 – when MDL displayed a scale model of the frigate at the "DEXEXPO 2018" defense exhibition, held at Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.^[8]

Features

Stealth

The frigate's design incorporates a significant degree of stealth and low radar-observability – through the utility of composite materials, radar-absorbent coatings and low-observable/radar-transparent technologies; the usage of the aforementioned materials assists the vessel in maintaining a low radar cross-section (RCS).^[9]

The vessel's physical profile also features a substantial level of stealth through the application of different physical forms – including an enclosed mooring deck, flush deck-mounted weapon systems and a reduced number of antennae.^[10]

The frigate's infrared signature, most specifically emissions from its propulsion exhaust and power generation machinery, are reduced through the application of Venturi effect and fluid injection, which helps to reduce the plume and hot metal temperatures of exhaust.^[11] To maintain acoustic silence, the frigate is equipped with propellers designed to have onset of cavitation at higher speeds to reduce hydrodynamic noise.^[11] In addition to the propellers, the vessel's hull also features special acoustic enclosures for some of the machinery to reduce the emission air-borne noise.^[11]

Modular profile

The P-17A frigates are the first major class of Indian-designed warships to be built using the methodology of integrated modular construction – a manufacturing process in which multiple modules (or "blocks") of a vessel's hull are pre-assembled/pre-outfitted independently, before being aggregated for final assembly.^[12]

In December 2015, MDL contracted Fincantieri S.p.A. to provide technical assistance and essential expertise in the construction of the seven frigates using the "modular construction" methodology.^[13]^[14]

Naming

The P-17A frigates were christened after the former--class frigates, which served in the Indian Navy between 1972 and 2013; the first six ships of the series were allotted the names utilised by the older class, namely – Nilgiri, Himgiri, Taragiri, Udaygiri, Dunagiri, and Vindhyagiri.^[15] The seventh and final vessel of the P-17A series, which did not have a namesake from the older class, was given the new name of Mahendragiri.^[16]

Instrumentation

Armament

Anti-surface warfare

A depiction of the frigate's bow, showing its future armament.

As part of its anti-surface warfare (ASuW) capabilities, the class features eight BrahMos anti-ship cruise missiles, capable of speeds of up to Mach 3.^[17] The BrahMos is widely regarded as one of the most formidable anti-ship missiles currently in service, given the missile's extreme versatility and manoeuvrability.^[18]

The vessels are equipped with one OTO Melara 76 mm naval gun. Originally, the Indian Navy had planned to install the Mk 45 127 mm (5 in) naval gun, manufactured by BAE; however, this plan was later scrapped in 2021 on account of financial constraints.^[19]

Anti-air warfare

As part of its anti-air warfare (AAW) capabilities, the class features thirty-two Barak 8ER surface-to-air missiles, with sixteen missiles present in four "2 x 4" VLS configurations – with two placed at the bow and two placed aft.^[20]

The Barak 8ER, also classified as the LR-SAM, is an "extended-range" variant of the original Barak 8 – designed to neutralize various aerial threats, including fighter aircraft, helicopters, anti-ship missiles, cruise missiles, ballistic missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV); the new variant is expected to feature a range of about 150 km (93 mi).^[21]

Anti-submarine warfare

As part of its anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capabilities, the class features two triple-tube lightweight torpedo launchers for firing ASW torpedoes. The class also features two RBU-6000 (RPK-8) anti-submarine rocket launchers, capable of firing ASW projectiles to depths of up to 1,000 m (3,280 ft 10 in).^[22]

Decoys

During the class' unveiling in 2018, the frigate's design was noted to possess two anti-torpedo decoy systems and four decoy launchers – which presumably may be the NSTL Maareech torpedo-countermeasure system and the Kavach anti-missile decoy launchers, respectively.^[23]

Aviation facilities

As part of its aviation facilities, the class is equipped with a flight-deck and an enclosed aviation hangar, capable of accommodating a single naval helicopter – most likely the ALH Dhruv MK-III maritime-reconnaissance helicopters, or the Westland Sea King Mk. 42B ASW/ASuW helicopters – both of which are operated by the Indian Naval Air Arm.^[24]

Sensors

Radar

The class features the EL/M-2248 MF-STAR active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar as its primary radar suite.^[25] The EL/M-2248 is a multi-function, phased-array radar system featuring an azimuth of 360^o, with the capability to track both aerial and surface targets, at a range of over 450 km (280 mi).^[26]

The class also features the Indra LTR-25 'Lanza' surface-search radar, as its secondary radar suite.^[27] The LTR-25 is a solid-state, three-dimensional (3D), long-range radar capable of operating in a dense electronic environment and features a range of over 250 nmi (460 km; 290 mi), with the capability to track various aerial targets – including fighter aircraft and ballistic missiles.^[28]

The frigates are also equipped with an advanced combat management system, classified as "CMS-17A", which is reportedly equipped with sophisticated data links for high, efficient interoperability with other naval vessels.^[29]

Sonar

The class is equipped with the BEL HUMSA-NG sonar, developed by the DRDO. The HUMSA-NG is a hull mounted "active cum passive" integrated sonar system capable of detecting, localizing, classifying and tracking sub-surface targets in both active and passive modes.^[30]

Electronic warfare

The frigates feature the Shakti electronic warfare (EW) suite – developed by the Defence Electronics Research Laboratory (DLRL), for defense against anti-ship missiles and for the interception, detection, classification, identification and jamming of conventional radars.^[31] Shakti is equipped with wide-band electronic-support measures (ESM), electronic countermeasures (ECM), an integrated "Radar Finger Printing System (RFPS)" and a data-recording replay feature for "post-mission analysis".^[32]^[33]

Propulsion

Each frigate features two General Electric LM2500 gas turbines – manufactured by GE Aviation and two MAN 12V28/33D STC four-stroke engines – manufactured by MAN Diesel & Turbo, arranged in a combined diesel and gas (CODAG) propulsion configuration.^[34]

In December 2016, the Indian Navy contracted GE Aviation to supply fourteen LM2500 gas turbines for the seven frigates, which were license-assembled in India by the Industrial & Marine Gas Turbine Division (IMGT) of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).^[35] Under the deal, HAL was additionally sanctioned to provide comprehensive services – including the supply of spare parts, maintenance inspections and equipment overhauls.^[36]

At the time of the order, HAL had already delivered eleven LM2500 turbines to the Indian Navy; the turbines are specifically used on multiple Indian warships, most notably on the Shivalik-class frigates.^[37]

In February 2019, MDL contracted GE to supply an assortment of auxiliary equipment to the Indian Navy to support the fourteen engines; under the agreement, GE also handled the design work of the frigate's auxiliary system and its fuel supply system.^[38]

In May 2016, the Indian Navy contracted MAN Diesel & Turbo to supply fourteen MAN 12V28/33D STC four-stroke engines for the seven frigates; under the deal, the requisite parts needed for the engines were sourced from India, while the engines' final assembly and testing were conducted at MAN's facility in Aurangabad, India.^[39]

History

Background

Nilgiri class CG

In June 2009, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) – the main acquisition panel subordinate to India's Ministry of Defence (MoD), cleared a proposal for the procurement of seven stealth frigates at a cost of ₹45,000 crore – classified as "Project 17A" – on the lines of the Indian Navy's initiative of establishing a 160-ship fleet.^[40]

In September 2012, the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) – India's top decision-making institution on matters related to defense and national security, green-lighted the proposal for the "development cum construction" of the seven frigates.^[41] Initially, the Indian Navy favoured a proposal of building the first two frigates at a foreign shipyard – seeking to minimize the project's overall construction timeline; however, this suggestion was overruled by India's Ministry of Defence (MoD) – which favoured indigenous production of the frigates.^[42]

The seven frigates were envisioned as a "follow-on series" to the Shivalik-class frigates (Project 17), which were also being built for the Indian Navy at the time, but equipped with more sophisticated capabilities.^[43] The designing-process of the seven frigates was completed in mid-2013.^[44] The project – consisting of the construction of the seven designated frigates over a span of five years – was formally approved by the CCS in February 2015.^[45]

Construction

The seven frigates are to be jointly constructed by two public-sector shipyards, namely, Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) and Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE), with four of the frigates allotted to MDL and the remaining three allotted to GRSE.^[46]

Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers

The launch of INS Himgiri, the first ship of the batch being built by GRSE.

In February 2015, the Indian Navy contracted Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE), a Kolkata-based public-sector shipyard, to build three P-17A frigates at an estimated cost of ₹19,294 crore.^[47] According to the terms of the contract, GRSE is slated to deliver the three frigates in 2023, 2024 and 2025, respectively. In preparation for the order, GRSE re-augmented its infrastructure by establishing newer "modular" shipyards along with a Goliath gantry crane, meant for enabling the construction of the frigates in a short time frame.^[48]

A significant proportion of the hull's blocks needed for the vessel's construction was procured from smaller shipyards and metal fabrication shops in and around Kolkata, while the construction/fabrication of additional infrastructure was done at GRSE's Rajabagan shipyard.^[49]

The construction of the first frigate began in November 2018, while work on the second and third frigates began in January 2020 and March 2021, respectively.^[50] The first of the three frigates, Himgiri, was launched on 14 December 2020, with its delivery slated to occur for August 2023.^[51] The second frigate, Dunagiri, was launched on 15 June 2022, with its delivery slated to occur in 2024.^[52]

Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited

The launch of INS Nilgiri, the lead vessel of the class.

In February 2015, the Indian Navy contracted Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL), a Mumbai-based public-sector shipyard, to build four P-17A frigates at an estimated cost of over ₹21,000 crore.^[53]^[54] According to the terms of the contract, MDL is to deliver the four frigates in 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025, respectively.^[55]

The four frigates were built at different locations, namely, at MDL's main shipbuilding facility in Mumbai, at MDL's subordinate facility in Nhava, at a smaller shipbuilding facility also operated by MDL in Mumbai, at an MSE shipyard in Gujarat and at another shipyard in Goa.^[56] Similarly to GRSE, MDL also upgraded its existing infrastructure; the shipyard augmenting its existing facilities with newer equipment, including a "Goliath" gantry crane, a module workshop, a wet basin and a "cradle assembly" shop, meant to facilitate modular construction.^[57]

The construction of the first frigate began in December 2017, while work on the second, third and fourth frigates began in May 2019, September 2020 and June 2022, respectively.^[58]^[59] The first of the four frigates, Nilgiri, was launched on 28 September 2019, with its delivery slated to occur in August 2022.^[60] The second frigate of the four frigates, Udaygiri, was launched on 17 May 2022, in a ceremony coinciding with the launch of INS Surat, a -class destroyer.^[61] The third frigate, Taragiri, was launched on 11 September 2022, and is scheduled to be delivered in 2025.^[62]

Ships in the class


Name	Yard Number	Builder	Laid Down	Launched	Commissioning	Status
Nilgiri	12651	Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL)	28 December 2017^[63]	28 September 2019^[64]	2023 (expected)	Launched^[65]
Udaygiri	12652		7 May 2019^[66]	17 May 2022^[67]	2024 (expected)^[68]	Launched^[69]
Taragiri	12653		10 September 2020^[70]	11 September 2022 ^[71]	August 2025 (expected)^[72]	Launched^[73]
	12654		28 June 2022^[74]		February 2025 (expected)	Under construction^[75]
Himgiri	3022	Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE)	10 November 2018^[76]	14 December 2020^[77]	August 2023 (expected)	Launched^[78]
Dunagiri	3023		24 January 2020^[79]	15 July 2022^[80]	August 2024 (expected)	Launched^[52]
	3024		5 March 2021^[81]		August 2025 (expected)	Under construction

References

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↑ "Year End Review – 2019 Ministry of Defence". 27 December 2019. Keel laying ceremony of Yard 12652 (Second ship of Project 17A at M/s MDL) was held on 7 May at M/s MDL, Mumbai.
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↑ @OfficialGRSE (5 March 2021). "Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Limited (GRSE) achieved a major milestone with 'laying of the Keel' of Yard 3024 a ship of the Advanced Stealth Frigate Project, P 17A" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

External links

Project 17A frigate at Bharat-rakshak.com

[1] "Keel laid for the third Project 17 stealth frigate". indiastrategic.in. September 2022.

[iex-2] "Navy seals 45,000-cr deal: seven warships". The Indian Express. 20 June 2009. Archived from the original on 15 January 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2015.

[3] "Nilgiri-Class (Project 17A) Guided-Missile Frigates, India". Naval-technology.com.

[4] "Indian Project 17A frigate programme moves forward". shephardmedia.com. 3 October 2022.

[5] "Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited – Products – Naval Ships". mazagondock.in.

[6] "Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd. – Product Profile – Frigate". grse.in.

[7] "Project 17-A Nilgiri-Class Frigates". naval-technology.com. 10 October 2022.

[8] "P-17A Frigate Unveiled". c4defence.com. 26 April 2022.

[9] "India's second Project P17A Nilgiri-class guided missile frigate launched". asiapacificdefensejournal.com. 31 December 2022.

[10] "INS 'Himgiri', Indian Navy's advanced P17A-class stealth frigate, launched at GRSE yard – here's all you need to know". freepressjournal.com. 14 December 2022.

[MDL_P17A-11] 11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 "MDL Augmented To Build 11 Submarines And 10 Ships at Any Given Time: R-Admiral AK Saxena, Director, Mazagon Dock". businessworld.com. 31 October 2022.

[12] "Indian Navy's Project 17A Stealth Frigate Launched". defenseworld.net. 14 December 2022.

[13] "Fincantieri To Collaborate with the Indian Shipyards MDL and GRSE for the Navy's Frigates". fincantieri.com. 21 December 2022.

[14] "Mazagon Dock Teams Up With Italian Fincantieri To Build Stealth Frigates For Indian Navy". defenseworld.net. 24 March 2022.

[15] "Navy to name 7th frigate in P17A series as 'Mahendragiri'". theweek.in. 4 April 2022.

[16] "Indian Navy to name 7th frigate in P17A series as 'Mahendragiri'". economictimes.indiatimes.com. 23 September 2022.

[17] "'Indigenously designed' BrahMos to equip Talwar-class frigates". business-standard.com. 1 December 2022.

[18] "Bullseye: The 5 Most Deadly Anti-Ship Missiles of All Time". nationalinterest.com. 13 March 2022.

[19] "Navy to scrap plans to procure guns from US, considering 'Make in India' route now". theprint.in. 2 August 2021.

[20] "Indo-Israeli Barak 8 missile: Indian Navy to test long-range SAM soon". economictimes.indiatimes.com. 14 July 2022.

[21] "Indian Navy successfully tests Barak 8 interceptor missile: All you need to know". indiatoday.in. 30 December 2022.

[22] "India Reveals P-17A Configuration". indiandefensenews.in. 27 April 2022.

[23] "India Revealed P-17A Frigate Configuration At Defexpo 2018". worldnavalnews.com. 30 November 2022.

[24] "Very Significant About The P-17A Frigates – Sandeep Unnithan". 17 September 2022 – via Twitter.

[25] "Indian launches new Project 17A class frigates". guardingindia.com. 14 December 2022.

[26] "ELM-2248 MF-STAR Multi-Function Digital AESA Radar". iai.co.il.

[27] "Kolkata shipbuilder to launch high-tech stealth warship next week". theweek.in. 11 December 2022.

[28] "Lanza Radar LTR-25" (PDF). indracompany.com.

[29] "Project 17 A: Know about ambitious project to indigenously build advanced stealth frigates". financialexpress.com. 20 September 2022.

[30] "HUMSA NG". drdo.gov.in.

[31] "SHAKTI". vajiramias.com. 29 November 2022.

[32] "Prime Minister to Formally Handover DRDO Designed and Developed Advanced Electronic Warfare Suite 'Shakti' for Indian Naval Ships to Chief of Naval Staff". pib.gov.in. 18 November 2021.

[33] "PM Modi to handover DRDO designed advanced electronic warfare suite to Navy today". aninews.in. 19 November 2021.

[34] "Nilgiri-Class (Project 17A) Frigates". naval-technology.com. 17 December 2022.

[35] "LM2500 marine gas turbines to power Indian Navy's P17A stealth frigate". navaltoday.com. 8 December 2022.

[36] "GE Marine to provide LM2500 gas turbines for Indian Navy". turbomachinerymag.com. 1 January 2022.

[37] "LM 2500". hal-india.com.

[38] "GE to Supply LM2500 Gas Turbine Auxiliary Equipment for Indian Navy's P17A Frigates". seapowermagazine.org. 8 February 2022.

[39] "Indian Navy Orders MAN Medium Diesel Engines For Stealth Frigates". defenseworld.net. 18 May 2022.

[40] "Archive – Navy seals 45,000-cr deal: seven warships". archive.indianexpress.com. 20 June 2022.

[41] "CCNS finally kickstarts Indian Navy's Project 17A". webarchive.org. September 2012. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015.

[42] "Project 17-A : All seven frigates to be built in India". ajaishukla.com. 20 January 2022.

[43] "Government approves construction of seven stealth frigates, 6 nuclear-powered submarines". The Times of India. 18 February 2022.

[44] "Navy designs India's largest ever ship, focuses on stealth and futuristic frigates". 5 August 2022.

[45] "Rs 50k-cr naval project gets Cabinet nod". business-standard.com. 18 February 2022.

[46] "Indian Navy Orders Seven New Project 17A Stealth Frigates From Local Shipyards MDL and GRSE". navyrecognition.com. 11 February 2022.

[47] "GRSE Wins $3.1 Billion Indian Navy's Frigate Order". defenseworld.net. 23 April 2022.

[48] "India finalizing mega stealth frigates' project for over Rs 50,000 crore". The Times of India. 9 July 2022.

[49] "First GRSE-built frigate enters water". janes.com. 15 December 2022.

[50] "GRSE Starts Construction of Their First P17A Frigate for the Indian Navy". navyrecognition.com. 13 November 2022.

[51] "GRSE-built stealth frigate Himgiri launched; General Bipin Rawat calls it a 'historic moment'". deccanherald.com. 14 December 2022.

[Dunagiri-52] 52.0 ^52.1 "Raksha Mantri launches Y- 3023 Dunagiri, Project 17A frigate at GRSE Ltd, Kolkata". www.pib.gov.in. 15 July 2022.

[53] "Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited" (PDF). hdfcsec.com. 15 July 2021.

[54] "More than 180 contracts valued over Rs 1,96,000 crore signed with Indian Defense Industry since 2014". pib.gov.in. 5 December 2022.

[55] "A Tale of Two Navies: India and China's Current Carrier and Escort Procurement". thediplomat.com. 4 August 2021.

[56] "Making Waves" (PDF). maritimeindia.org. 31 October 2022.

[57] "Modernization and Security of Shipyards". pib.gov.in. 26 February 2022.

[58] "Construction Begins on Indian Navy's Third P17A Class Stealth Frigate". naval-technology.com. 11 September 2022.

[59] "MDL commences production of Y-12654, fourth ship of P17A". freepressjournal.in. 30 January 2022.

[60] "India Launches 'INS Nilgiri' Stealth Frigate". defenseworld.net. 28 September 2022.

[61] "INS Surat, INS Udaygiri Ready To Protect India". rediff.com. 17 May 2022.

[62] "Third stealth frigate of project 17A 'Taragiri' launched". www.thehindu.com. 12 September 2022.

[mdl_p17a-63] "Construction of P17A class stealth frigates begins". Mid Day. 29 December 2017. Archived from the original on 29 December 2022. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (help)

[64] "Rajnath Singh launches warship Nilgiri in Mumbai". The Times of India. Asian News international. 28 September 2019.

[65] "Indian Navy has launched first stealth P-17A Nilgiri-class frigate INS Nilgiri". navyrecognition.com. 29 September 2022.

[mod-2019-review-report-66] "Year End Review – 2019 Ministry of Defence". 27 December 2019. Keel laying ceremony of Yard 12652 (Second ship of Project 17A at M/s MDL) was held on 7 May at M/s MDL, Mumbai.

[67] "Rajnath Singh launches frontline warships INS Surat, INS Udaygiri". businesstoday.in/. 17 May 2022.

[68] "Rajnath Singh launches two warships in Atmanirbhar Bharat push". hindustantimes.com. 17 May 2022.

[69] "CURTAIN RAISER: LAUNCH OF YD 12707(SURAT) & YD 12652 (UDAYGIRI)". pib.gov.in. 17 May 2022.

[70] "Keel laid for the third stealth frigate of Project 17A". PIB. Retrieved 10 September 2022.

[71] "India Launches Stealth Frigate "Taragiri"". Retrieved 11 September 2022.

[72] "India's MDL Launches 5th Nilgiri-Class P17A Frigate". www.navalnews.com. 11 September 2022.

[73] "Commencement of Production of Third Ship of Project – 17A". psuconnect.in. Retrieved 11 May 2022.

[74] "KEEL LAYING – SEVENTH PROJECT 17A (P17A) SHIP". PIB. Retrieved 28 June 2022.

[75] "SP's Naval Force Roundup". SP's Naval Force. India: SP Guide Publication. Retrieved 1 March 2022.

[76] Dominguez, Gabriel (14 November 2018). "GRSE lays keel for Indian Navy's second Project 17A frigate". IHS Jane's Defence Weekly. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (help)

[himgirilaunch-77] "LAUNCH OF 2nd PROJECT 17A SHIP 'HIMGIRI'". PIB. 14 December 2022.

[78] "India launches 2nd Project 17A frigate "Himgiri"". navalpost.com. 15 December 2022.

[79] "Project 17A: GRSE starts building 2nd Advanced Stealth Frigate". psuwatch.com. 24 January 2022.

[80] "Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers – Q4FY21 – ICICI Securities". GRSE. Retrieved 5 June 2021.

[81] @OfficialGRSE (5 March 2021). "Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Limited (GRSE) achieved a major milestone with 'laying of the Keel' of Yard 3024 a ship of the Advanced Stealth Frigate Project, P 17A" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

[82] Transferred to Pakistan post-partition and served as PNS Dhanush.

[83] Transferred to Pakistan post-partition and served as PNS Shamsher.

[84] Renamed as INS Kukri post republic.

[85] Renamed as INS Hooghly post republic.

[86] Renamed as INS Tir post republic.

[87] Transferred to Indian Coast Guard in 1978.

[88] Transferred to Indian Coast Guard in 1978.

[89] Later reclassified as frigates

[90] Transferred to Pakistan post-partition and served as PNS Jhelum.

[91] Transferred to Pakistan post-partition and served as PNS Sind.

[92] Renamed as INS Kaveri post republic.

[93] Renamed as INS Sutlej post republic.

[94] Renamed as INS Jumuna post republic.

[95] Renamed as INS Krisna post republic.

[96] Transferred to Pakistan post-partition and served as PNS Karsaz.

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