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{{ | {{short description|Indian revolutionary (1904–1929)}} | ||
{{redirect|Jatin Das|the Indian painter and sculptor|Jatin Das (painter)}} | {{redirect|Jatin Das|the Indian painter and sculptor|Jatin Das (painter)}} | ||
{{more citations needed|date=October | {{more citations needed|date=October 2022}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=July | {{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=December | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}} | ||
{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| name = | | name = Jatin Das | ||
| native_name = যতীন দাস | | native_name = যতীন দাস | ||
| image = Martyr Jatindranath Das.jpg | | image = Martyr Jatindranath Das.jpg | ||
| caption = Das in {{circa|1929}} | |||
| caption = Das {{circa|1929}} | |||
| birth_name = Jatindra Nath Das | | birth_name = Jatindra Nath Das | ||
| birth_date = {{ | | birth_date = {{birth date|1904|10|27|df=yes}} | ||
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[British India]] | | birth_place = [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]<br />(present-day [[Kolkata, West Bengal]], India) | ||
| death_date = {{ | | death_date = {{death date and age|1929|09|13|1904|10|27|df=yes}} | ||
| death_place = [[Lahore]], [[British India]] | | death_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]]<br />(present-day [[Punjab, Pakistan]]) | ||
| death_cause = Hunger strike | | death_cause = [[Hunger strike]] | ||
| other_names = Jatin | | nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]] | ||
| known_for = 63-day hunger strike in | | occupation = [[Revolutionary]] | ||
| | | employer = [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]] | ||
| other_names = Jatin Da | |||
| known_for = {{ubl|Following a 63-day hunger strike in prison|Participating in the [[non-cooperation movement]]}} | |||
| website = | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Anushilan Samiti}} | {{Anushilan Samiti}} | ||
'''Jatindra Nath Das''' ({{lang-bn|যতীন্দ্রনাথ দাস | '''Jatindra Nath Das''' ({{lang-bn|যতীন্দ্রনাথ দাস}}; 27 October 1904 – 13 September 1929), better known as '''Jatin Das''', was an Indian [[Indian Independence Movement|independence activist]] and [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence|revolutionary]] who worked to make India independent from the [[British Raj]] and was a member of the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]. He died in the [[Central Jail Lahore|Lahore Central Jail]] after a 63-day [[hunger strike]]. | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Das was born in 1904 in family at [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]. He passed the matriculation and intermediate examinations in the First Division. He joined the [[Anushilan Samiti]], a revolutionary group in [[West Bengal|Bengal]], and also participated in [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s [[non-cooperation movement]] in 1921, aged 17.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} In November 1925, while studying for a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] at [[Bangabasi College]] in Calcutta, Das was arrested for his political activities and was imprisoned at the jail in [[Mymensingh]]. While interned there, he went on a [[hunger strike]] to protest the ill-treatment meted out to the political prisoners. After fasting for twenty days, the jail's superintendent apologised and he gave up the fast. [[Sachindra Nath Sanyal]] taught him how to make bombs.<ref name="Chatterji">{{cite book |title=Filming Reality: The Independent Documentary Movement in India |first=Shoma A. |last=Chatterji |publisher=SAGE Publications India |year=2015 |isbn=978-9-35150-543-3 |page=36 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xV0lDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT36}}</ref> | |||
On 14 June 1929, he was again arrested for revolutionary activities and was [[imprisoned]] in [[Lahore]] Jail to be tried under the supplementary [[Bhagat Singh#Hunger strike and Lahore conspiracy case|Lahore Conspiracy Case]]. | |||
On 14 June 1929 he was arrested for revolutionary activities and was [[imprisoned]] in Lahore | |||
==Hunger strike== | ==Hunger strike== | ||
In [[Central Jail Lahore|Lahore Jail]], Das began another [[hunger strike]] along with other revolutionary fighters, demanding equality for Indian political prisoners with those from Europe. The conditions of Indian inhabitants of the jails was deplorable. The uniforms that Indian prisoners were required to wear in jail with were not washed for several days, and [[rat]]s and [[cockroach]]es roamed the [[kitchen]] area making the food unsafe to eat. Indian prisoners were not provided with any reading material such as newspapers, nor paper to write on. The condition of the British prisoners in the same jail was strikingly different. | |||
Das's hunger strike started on 13 July 1929 and lasted 63 days. The jail authority took measures to forcibly feed him and the other independence activists. Eventually, the jail authority recommended his unconditional release, but the government rejected the suggestion and offered to release him on bail. | |||
Das's hunger strike started on 13 July 1929 and lasted 63 days. The jail authority took measures to forcibly feed him and the other independence | |||
Das died on 13 September 1929.<ref>[http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Color/Suede%20Gray/Currency/P/JATINDRA%20NATH%20DAS ''Indian Post'' article]</ref> [[Durgawati Devi]] led the funeral procession, which went from [[Lahore]] to [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] by train. Thousands of people rushed to the [[railway station]]s to pay homage to Das. A two-mile long procession in Calcutta carried the coffin to the cremation ground. It was [[Subhash Chandra Bose]], who received the coffin of Das at [[Howrah railway station]] and led the funeral procession to the cremation ground. The hunger strike of Das in prison was one crucial moment in the resistance against illegal detentions.<ref name=durba>{{cite conference | |||
|first=Durba | |first=Durba | ||
|last=Ghosh | |last=Ghosh | ||
| Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
|archive-date= 9 June 2007 | |archive-date= 9 June 2007 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
[[File:Jatin_Das_on_his_death_bed.jpg|thumb| | [[File:Jatin_Das_on_his_death_bed.jpg|thumb|Das on his death bed in 1929]] | ||
[[File:Jatindra Nath Das 1979 stamp of India bw.jpg|thumb|Das on a 1979 stamp of India]] | [[File:Jatindra Nath Das 1979 stamp of India bw.jpg|thumb|Das on a 1979 post-stamp of India]] | ||
After his death, the Viceroy informed London that "Mr Das of the Conspiracy Case, who was on hunger strike, died this afternoon at 1 p.m. Last night, five of the hunger strikers gave up their hunger strike. So there are only Bhagat Singh and Dutt who are on strike."<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book|author=Nayar, Kuldip |title=The Martyr: Bhagat Singh Experiments in Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC|year=2000|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|isbn=978-81-241-0700-3}}</ref> | After his death, the Viceroy informed London that "Mr. Das of the Conspiracy Case, who was on hunger strike, died this afternoon at 1 p.m. Last night, five of the hunger strikers gave up their hunger strike. So, there are only [[Bhagat Singh]] and [[Batukeshwar Dutt]] who are on strike."<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book|author=Nayar, Kuldip |title=The Martyr: Bhagat Singh Experiments in Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC|year=2000|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|isbn=978-81-241-0700-3}}</ref> | ||
Tributes were paid by almost every leader in the country. Mohammad Alam and [[Gopi Chand Bhargava]] resigned from the Punjab Legislative Council in protest. [[Motilal Nehru]] proposed the adjournment of the Central Assembly as a censure against the inhumanity of the Lahore prisoners. The censure motion was carried by 55 votes against 47. [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] said "Another name has been added to the long and splendid roll of Indian martyrs. Let us bow our heads and pray for strength to act to carry on the struggle, however long it may be and whatever consequences, till the victory is ours ". | Tributes were paid by almost every leader in the country. Mohammad Alam and [[Gopi Chand Bhargava]] resigned from the Punjab Legislative Council in protest. [[Motilal Nehru]] proposed the adjournment of the Central Assembly as a censure against the inhumanity of the Lahore prisoners. The censure motion was carried by 55 votes against 47. [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] said "Another name has been added to the long and splendid roll of Indian martyrs. Let us bow our heads and pray for strength to act to carry on the struggle, however long it may be and whatever consequences, till the victory is ours ". Bose described Das as the "young [[Dadhichi]] of India", referring to the well known mythological yogi [[Dadhichi]] who sacrificed his life for the sake of killing a demon. | ||
[[File:The_Tribune_newspaper,_Jatin_Das_passes_away1929.png|thumb|The Tribune | [[File:The_Tribune_newspaper,_Jatin_Das_passes_away1929.png|thumb|Newspaper of [[The Tribune]] which showed that Das died, 1929]] | ||
==Popular culture== | ==Popular culture== | ||
In the 2002 film ''[[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]]'', the character of | In the 2002 film ''[[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]]'', the character of Das was played by [[Amitabh Bhattacharjee]].<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1569093/ Amitabh Bhattacharjee]. IMDb</ref> A 35-minute documentary film titled ''Immortal Martyr Jatin Das'' was released in 2009.<ref name="Chatterji"/> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 65: | Line 65: | ||
* [[Potti Sreeramulu]] | * [[Potti Sreeramulu]] | ||
* [[Thileepan]] | * [[Thileepan]] | ||
*[[Bhagat Singh]] | * [[Bhagat Singh]] | ||
*[[Chandra Shekhar Azad]] | * [[Chandra Shekhar Azad]] | ||
* [[Bagha Jatin]] | * [[Bagha Jatin]] | ||
| Line 73: | Line 73: | ||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
*{{cite journal |title=Bhagat Singh as 'Satyagrahi': The Limits to Non-violence in Late Colonial India |journal=Modern Asian Studies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=May 2009 |first=Neeti |last=Nair |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=649–681 |jstor=20488099 |doi=10.1017/s0026749x08003491}} | *{{cite journal |title=Bhagat Singh as 'Satyagrahi': The Limits to Non-violence in Late Colonial India |journal=Modern Asian Studies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=May 2009 |first=Neeti |last=Nair |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=649–681 |jstor=20488099 |doi=10.1017/s0026749x08003491|s2cid=143725577 }} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| Line 90: | Line 90: | ||
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]] | [[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]] | ||
[[Category:People from Kolkata]] | [[Category:People from Kolkata]] | ||
[[Category:People who died on hunger strike]] | [[Category:People who died on hunger strike]] | ||
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]] | [[Category:Indian revolutionaries]] | ||
| Line 96: | Line 95: | ||
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]] | [[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]] | ||
[[Category:Indian independence activists from West Bengal]] | [[Category:Indian independence activists from West Bengal]] | ||
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]] | |||
[[Category:Indian people who died in prison custody]] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:41, 12 November 2022
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2022) |
Jatin Das | |
|---|---|
যতীন দাস | |
 Das in c. 1929 | |
| Born | Jatindra Nath Das 27 October 1904 |
| Died | 13 September 1929 (aged 24) |
| Cause of death | Hunger strike |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Other names | Jatin Da |
| Occupation | Revolutionary |
| Employer | Hindustan Socialist Republican Association |
| Known for |
|
| Anushilan Samiti |
|---|
 |
| Influence |
| Anushilan Samiti |
| Notable events |
| Related topics |
Jatindra Nath Das (Bengali: যতীন্দ্রনাথ দাস; 27 October 1904 – 13 September 1929), better known as Jatin Das, was an Indian independence activist and revolutionary who worked to make India independent from the British Raj and was a member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. He died in the Lahore Central Jail after a 63-day hunger strike.
Early life[edit]
Das was born in 1904 in family at Calcutta. He passed the matriculation and intermediate examinations in the First Division. He joined the Anushilan Samiti, a revolutionary group in Bengal, and also participated in Mahatma Gandhi's non-cooperation movement in 1921, aged 17.[citation needed] In November 1925, while studying for a B.A. at Bangabasi College in Calcutta, Das was arrested for his political activities and was imprisoned at the jail in Mymensingh. While interned there, he went on a hunger strike to protest the ill-treatment meted out to the political prisoners. After fasting for twenty days, the jail's superintendent apologised and he gave up the fast. Sachindra Nath Sanyal taught him how to make bombs.[1]
On 14 June 1929, he was again arrested for revolutionary activities and was imprisoned in Lahore Jail to be tried under the supplementary Lahore Conspiracy Case.
Hunger strike[edit]
In Lahore Jail, Das began another hunger strike along with other revolutionary fighters, demanding equality for Indian political prisoners with those from Europe. The conditions of Indian inhabitants of the jails was deplorable. The uniforms that Indian prisoners were required to wear in jail with were not washed for several days, and rats and cockroaches roamed the kitchen area making the food unsafe to eat. Indian prisoners were not provided with any reading material such as newspapers, nor paper to write on. The condition of the British prisoners in the same jail was strikingly different.
Das's hunger strike started on 13 July 1929 and lasted 63 days. The jail authority took measures to forcibly feed him and the other independence activists. Eventually, the jail authority recommended his unconditional release, but the government rejected the suggestion and offered to release him on bail.
Das died on 13 September 1929.[2] Durgawati Devi led the funeral procession, which went from Lahore to Calcutta by train. Thousands of people rushed to the railway stations to pay homage to Das. A two-mile long procession in Calcutta carried the coffin to the cremation ground. It was Subhash Chandra Bose, who received the coffin of Das at Howrah railway station and led the funeral procession to the cremation ground. The hunger strike of Das in prison was one crucial moment in the resistance against illegal detentions.[3]
After his death, the Viceroy informed London that "Mr. Das of the Conspiracy Case, who was on hunger strike, died this afternoon at 1 p.m. Last night, five of the hunger strikers gave up their hunger strike. So, there are only Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt who are on strike."[4]
Tributes were paid by almost every leader in the country. Mohammad Alam and Gopi Chand Bhargava resigned from the Punjab Legislative Council in protest. Motilal Nehru proposed the adjournment of the Central Assembly as a censure against the inhumanity of the Lahore prisoners. The censure motion was carried by 55 votes against 47. Jawaharlal Nehru said "Another name has been added to the long and splendid roll of Indian martyrs. Let us bow our heads and pray for strength to act to carry on the struggle, however long it may be and whatever consequences, till the victory is ours ". Bose described Das as the "young Dadhichi of India", referring to the well known mythological yogi Dadhichi who sacrificed his life for the sake of killing a demon.
Newspaper of The Tribune which showed that Das died, 1929
Popular culture[edit]
In the 2002 film The Legend of Bhagat Singh, the character of Das was played by Amitabh Bhattacharjee.[5] A 35-minute documentary film titled Immortal Martyr Jatin Das was released in 2009.[1]
See also[edit]
- Batukeshwar Dutt
- Pritilata Waddedar
- Potti Sreeramulu
- Thileepan
- Bhagat Singh
- Chandra Shekhar Azad
- Bagha Jatin
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Chatterji, Shoma A. (2015). Filming Reality: The Independent Documentary Movement in India. SAGE Publications India. p. 36. ISBN 978-9-35150-543-3.
- ↑ Indian Post article
- ↑ Ghosh, Durba (4–5 April 2003). Britain's Global War on Terrorism:containing political violence and insurgency in the interwar years. How Empire Mattered: Imperial Structures and Globalization in the Era of British Imperialism. Berkeley, CA. Archived from the original (DOC) on 9 June 2007. Retrieved 8 April 2007.
- ↑ Nayar, Kuldip (2000). The Martyr: Bhagat Singh Experiments in Revolution. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN 978-81-241-0700-3.
- ↑ Amitabh Bhattacharjee. IMDb
Further reading[edit]
- Nair, Neeti (May 2009). "Bhagat Singh as 'Satyagrahi': The Limits to Non-violence in Late Colonial India". Modern Asian Studies. Cambridge University Press. 43 (3): 649–681. doi:10.1017/s0026749x08003491. JSTOR 20488099. S2CID 143725577.
External links[edit]
- Indian Post article
- The Pioneer article by Balbir Punj
Categories:
- Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021
- Anushilan Samiti
- 1904 births
- 1929 deaths
- Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
- People from Kolkata
- People who died on hunger strike
- Indian revolutionaries
- Vidyasagar College alumni
- University of Calcutta alumni
- Indian independence activists from West Bengal
- Prisoners and detainees of British India
- Indian people who died in prison custody