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{{Short description|Names of gods in Meitei mythology}} | {{Short description|Names of gods in Meitei mythology}} | ||
{{See|Meitei deities}} | {{Orphan|date=February 2022}} | ||
{{Cleanup bare URLs|date=October 2021}}{{See|Meitei deities}} | |||
{{Sanamahism}} | |||
[[Sanamahism]] ([[Meitei religion]]) is a [[polytheism|polytheistic]] religion with thousands of [[Deity|deities]], [[god]]s and [[goddess]]es of varying power, quality, features, and character. | [[Sanamahism]] ([[Meitei religion]]) is a [[polytheism|polytheistic]] religion with thousands of [[Deity|deities]], [[god]]s and [[goddess]]es of varying power, quality, features, and character. | ||
[[File:Symbol of Sanamahi Religion.jpg|thumb|Symbol of Sanamahism]] | [[File:Symbol of Sanamahi Religion.jpg|thumb|Symbol of Sanamahism]] | ||
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== Shayon (incarnations) == | == Shayon (incarnations) == | ||
{{Main| | {{Main|Leimarel Sidabi}} | ||
[[Leimarel Sidabi]], the supreme goddess has incarnated several times in various divine forms with diverse attributes. | [[Leimarel Sidabi]], the supreme goddess has incarnated several times in various divine forms with diverse attributes. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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=== Celestial maidens === | === Celestial maidens === | ||
{{Main|List of creatures in Meitei folklore}} | {{Main|List of creatures in Meitei folklore}} | ||
In [[Meitei mythology]], there are seven prominent celestial [[ | In [[Meitei mythology]], there are seven prominent celestial [[maiden]]s, which are referred to as either goddesses or [[nymph]]s. | ||
====Lai Nuraa Taret==== | ====Lai Nuraa Taret==== | ||
{{See| Meitei mythology}} | {{See| Meitei mythology}} | ||
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| He's a cousin of Lord Pakhangba. | | He's a cousin of Lord Pakhangba. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Kuru (mythology) |Salailen Sidaba]] | | [[Kuru (mythology)|Salailen Sidaba]] | ||
| He's the Creator of the Universe, father of Lord Pakhangba. He can assume both human as well as dragon figures.<ref>http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#mapu</ref> | | He's the Creator of the Universe, father of Lord Pakhangba. He can assume both human as well as dragon figures.<ref>http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#mapu</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
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* [[Lainingthou Sanamahi|Ashiba]] | * [[Lainingthou Sanamahi|Ashiba]] | ||
* [[Panthoibi|Apanthoibi]] | * [[Panthoibi|Apanthoibi]] | ||
* [[Kuru (mythology) |Atiya Kuru Sidaba]] | * [[Kuru (mythology)|Atiya Kuru Sidaba]] | ||
===C=== | ===C=== | ||
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== Bibliography == | == Bibliography == | ||
* ''The Meitheis'', by T.C. Hodson, Akansha Publication, Kolkata, 1908 | * ''The Meitheis'', by T.C. Hodson, Akansha Publication, Kolkata, 1908 | ||
==External links== | |||
* [http://acmeitei.blogspot.com/2014?m=1 Names of God] | |||
{{List of mythological figures by region}} | |||
{{Sanamahi1|state=expanded}} | |||
{{Religion topics}} | |||
[[Category: | {{DEFAULTSORT:Sanamahism}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Lists of deities]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Sanamahism]] | ||
[[Category:Names of God in Sanamahism]] | |||
Latest revision as of 14:38, 25 February 2022
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Template:Sanamahism Sanamahism (Meitei religion) is a polytheistic religion with thousands of deities, gods and goddesses of varying power, quality, features, and character.
The religion originated in the Kingdom of Manipur, and is still practiced in modern Manipur, India, distinct from both the Indosphere and the Sinosphere.
The following is a list of deities, gods, goddesses, demigods, mortals, immortals and a few mythical creatures. This does not include the full list of mythical creatures of ancient Meitei folklore, for which see List of creatures in Meitei folklore.
Main deities[edit | edit source]
There are five main deities in the ancient Meitei religion and Meitei mythology, namely:
- Asheeba - He's the Guardian God and the protector of mankind. He is also known as Sanamahi.[1]
- Apanba - He's the Supreme ruler of the universe and the destroyer of evils. He's also known as Pakhangba.[2]
- Atingkok - He's the Creator of the Universe. He's also known as Atiya Sidaba.[3]
- Leimarel Sidabi - Supreme Goddess, mother earth.[4]
- Imoinu Ahongbi - Goddess of Wealth,[5] she is also an Incarnation of Goddess Leimarel Sidabi
Among them, Lainingthou Sanamahi, Leimarel Sidabi and Imoinu Ahongbi are the household deities worshipped.
Atingkok[edit | edit source]
The creator of Universe in Sanamahism is believed to be Lord Atingkok Maru Sidaba, father of Lainingthou Sanamahi and Pakhangba.[6]
Lainingthou[edit | edit source]
The term "Lainingthou" literally means King of Gods or the Divine King and it is applied to various deities such as Lainingthou Khoriphaba, Lainingthou Soraren, etc. However, it is generally used to refer Lainingthou Sanamahi.[7]
Pakhangba[edit | edit source]
There are several serpent deities in the pantheon. However, the supreme mosy one is Lord Pakhangba.[8]
Shayon (incarnations)[edit | edit source]
Leimarel Sidabi, the supreme goddess has incarnated several times in various divine forms with diverse attributes.
| Goddesses | Romanization | Attributes |
|---|---|---|
| ꯏꯃꯣꯢꯅꯨ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯤ | Imoinu Ahongbi[9] | Goddess of wealth and prosperity. |
| ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ | Panthoibi[10] | Goddess of war, wisdom and courage. |
| ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯢꯕꯤ | Phouoibi | Goddess of paddy, harvest and bounty. |
| ꯏꯔꯥꯢ ꯂꯩꯃ | Ereima | Goddess of water |
| ꯉꯥꯂꯩꯃ - ꯉꯥꯔꯩꯃ | Nga Leima or Ngareima | Goddess of fish |
| ꯊꯨꯝꯂꯩꯃ | Thumleima | Goddess of salt |
| ꯅꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ | Nongthang Leima | Goddess of charm, music, seduction, thunder and lightning. |
| ꯄꯤꯊꯥꯢ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥꯢꯕꯤ | Pithai Khongdaibi | Goddess of motherhood |
| ꯍꯤꯀꯨꯕꯤ ꯌꯥꯢꯀꯨꯕꯤ | Hikubi Yaikubi | Goddess of gems. |
| ꯁꯤꯜꯔꯩꯃ - ꯁꯤꯜꯂꯩꯃ | Silreima or Silleima | Goddess of work and occupation. |
Related deities[edit | edit source]
Celestial maidens[edit | edit source]
In Meitei mythology, there are seven prominent celestial maidens, which are referred to as either goddesses or nymphs.
Lai Nuraa Taret[edit | edit source]
The seven celestial maidens are considered as seven goddesses or "Lai Nuraa Taret ", the creation of the Lord Atingkok Maru Sidaba. They are the consorts of Lord Pakhangba and are the mothers of the seven clans, one for each.
Helloi Taret[edit | edit source]
The seven celestial maidens are considered as seven nymphs or "Helloi Taret ", who are the daughters of the Sky God Soraren. They are then believed to be spinsters.
Apokpa (ancestral deities)[edit | edit source]
In ancient Meitei religion, the ancestral deities of every families and clans were called Apokpa. They are worshipped by their respective families (Yumnak) and clans (Yek Salai).[11]
According to T.C. Hodson's book The Meitheis, the Meitei people are the only people who have a tradition of worshipping their ancestral deities in Manipur.[12]
Dragons in Meitei mythology[edit | edit source]
The following is a list of a few dragons of Meitei mythology:
| Dragon Deities | Description |
|---|---|
| Pakhangba | He's the Great dragon Lord of the universe.[13] |
| Kangla Sha | He's the Protector of the Kangla Palace. |
| Lord Khamlangba | He's a cousin of Lord Pakhangba. |
| Salailen Sidaba | He's the Creator of the Universe, father of Lord Pakhangba. He can assume both human as well as dragon figures.[14] |
| Nongshaba | He's a lion like dragon God, cousin of Lord Pakhangba. |
| Loktak Maru Sidaba | He's the great dragon of the Loktak lake. |
| Samurou Lakpa | He's a form of Lord Pakhangba. |
| Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba | Dragon Lord of the ancient Moirang kingdom. |
| Tangja Leela Pakhangba | The primitive ruler of the Kanglei world. |
| Nongda Lairel Pakhangba | The great dragon Lord and the ruler of the Kangleipak kingdom. |
Planet deities[edit | edit source]
According to a PuYa "Khenchonglol" (literally meaning, study of Heavenly bodies, Planets, Celestial bodies in the Ningthou Turel or Milky Way Galaxy of the Universe), there are nine Planets which are considered as deities. Even the Sun and the Moon are considered as planets in Meitei Philosophy.[15] They are as follows:
| Deities | Roman equivalent |
|---|---|
| Nongmaiching | Sun |
| Ningthoukaba | Moon |
| Leipakpokpa | Mars |
| Yumsakeisa | Mercury |
| Sagolsen | Jupiter |
| Irai | Venus |
| Thangja | Saturn |
| Shakok | Uranus |
| Shamei | Neptune |
Star deities[edit | edit source]
According to Khenchonglol, there are twenty seven stars which are referred to as deities, out of which the constellation Orion is the most significant.[16] They are as follows:
- Sajik (Arietis)
- Thaba (Musca)
- Khongjom Nubi (Pleiades)
- Apaknga (Lunar, pauri, masion)
- Sachung Telheiba (A Orionis)
- Likla Saphaba (Orion)
- Chingcharoibi (G Geminorum)
- Chungshennubi (Cancer)
Umang Lai[edit | edit source]
There are more than 365 forest deities or "Umang Lai" in Sanamahism. They are always associated with a Sacred grove each in Kanglei World. The term Umang Lai is also used to refer to the sacred abodes of the deities. Some of the significant ones are:
- Nongshaba - The highest deity associated with Sacred grove or "Umang Lai" in Sanamahism.
- Konthoujam Lairembi gi Khubam
- Ebudhou Khamlangba
- Ima Khunthok Hanbi
- Hiyangthang Lairembi
- Ima Langol Lairembi
- Langol Ningthou
- Thanga Ching Ningthou
- Ipathakok
- Ikop Ningthou
- Laininthou Naothingkhong Pakhangba
- Ima Tamphaton Petangaa
Directional gods[edit | edit source]
In Meitei religion and mythology, there are ten directions in Meitei philosophy, for which there are ten deities who are the protectors and the guardians of the respective directions.[citation needed]
| Deities | Directions |
|---|---|
| Marjing | North East |
| Thangjing | South West |
| Koubru | North West |
| Wangbren | South East |
| Kounu | North |
| Nongpok Ningthou | East |
| Lok Ningthou | South |
| Loya Lakpa | West |
| Salailen Sidaba | Zenith |
| Thongalel | Nadir |
Local deities[edit | edit source]
River goddesses[edit | edit source]
There are various river goddesses worshipped by the followers of Sanamahism. The main rivers associated with these goddesses originated from Manipur.
Some of them are as follows:
- Thongjarok Lairembi of Thongjaorok River
- Iril Lairembi of Iril River
- Imphal Turel Lairembi of Imphal River
- Kongba Turel Lairembi of Kongba River
Lake goddesses[edit | edit source]
There are various Lake Goddesses worshipped by the followers of Sanamahism, considering the spirits as the guardian and protector of the periphery region of the lake. Some of the deities are:
- Loktak Lairembi of Loktak Lake
- Pumlenpat Lairembi of Pumlenpat Lake
Market goddesses[edit | edit source]
People worshipped one goddess for each market area considering the spirit of the goddess as the protector, guardian of the region. Some of the goddesses are as follows:
- Pishum Keithel Lairembi of Pishumthong Market Region
- Singjamei Keithel Lairembi of Singjamei Market Region.
- Kongba Keithel Lairembi of Kongba Market Region
Lists in alphabetical order[edit | edit source]
Here's a lists of the deities in alphabetical order:
A[edit | edit source]
C[edit | edit source]
- Changning Leima
- Cheikhetpi
- Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba
E[edit | edit source]
F[edit | edit source]
H[edit | edit source]
I[edit | edit source]
K[edit | edit source]
- Khamlangba
- Khoriphaba
- Khunthokhanbi
- Konthoujam Lairembi
L[edit | edit source]
M[edit | edit source]
- Malem Leima
- Mongba Hanba
N[edit | edit source]
- Ngareima
- Nongda Nongkhal Lembi
- Nongpok Ningthou
- Nongshaba
- Nongthang Leima
O[edit | edit source]
- Oknarel
- Oksharel Sidaba
P[edit | edit source]
S[edit | edit source]
- Samurou Lakpa
- Shamadon Ayangba
- Silleima
- Soraren
T[edit | edit source]
U[edit | edit source]
- Uningthou
W[edit | edit source]
Y[edit | edit source]
See also[edit | edit source]
- Art and culture of Manipur
- Meitei deities
- Art forms of Manipur
- List of creatures in Meitei folklore
- PuYa
- Sanamahi creation myth
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#sanamahi
- ↑ http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#pakhangba
- ↑ http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#mapu
- ↑ http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#leimaren
- ↑ "Ima Emoinu puja observed across Manipur". January 22, 2016 – via Business Standard.
- ↑ http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#mapu
- ↑ http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#sanamahi
- ↑ http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#pakhangba
- ↑ (Admin), Jitendra. "Ima Emoinu Irat thouni being observed across Manipur". Impact TV.
- ↑ "Panthoibi celebrations under way". www.telegraphindia.com.
- ↑ http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#apokpa
- ↑ The Meitheis, by T.C. Hodson, Akansha Publication, Kolkata, 1908
- ↑ http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#pakhangba
- ↑ http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#mapu
- ↑ http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#planet
- ↑ http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#planet
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
- The Meitheis, by T.C. Hodson, Akansha Publication, Kolkata, 1908
External links[edit | edit source]
Template:List of mythological figures by region
