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Thuljaji: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Raja of Thanjavur Maratha kingdom from 1763–1773 and 1776-1787}} | |||
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{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}} | ||
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== Invasion of Ramnad and the Occupation of the Nawab of the Carnatic == | == Invasion of Ramnad and the Occupation of the Nawab of the Carnatic == | ||
In 1771, Thuljaji invaded the dominion of the [[Polygar]] of [[Ramnad]] who had wrested Hanumantagudi from Thanjavur during the reign of Pratapsingh.<ref name="p60">[[#Subramanian|Subramanian]] , Pg 60</ref> The Raja of Ramnad was a dependent of the [[Nawab of Carnatic]] and this act of aggression by Thuljaji forced the Nawab to interfere.<ref name="p60" /> The Nawab and the East India company [[Siege of Tanjore|laid siege]] to Tanjore, and forced the Raj to surrender. A humiliating treaty was forced upon the Raja and was later [[ratified]] by the officials of the British East India Company.<ref name="p61">[[#Subramanian|Subramanian]] , Pg 61</ref> Eighty lakhs of arrears had to be paid apart from a [[war indemnity]] of thirty-two lakhs.<ref name="p61"/> Thuljaji also ceded two Subhas of Thanjavur to the Nawab. Arni and Hanumantagudi were taken from the Raja's hands and Thanjavur was to have the same foreign policy as the kingdom of the Nawab.<ref name="p61"/> | In 1771, Thuljaji invaded the dominion of the [[Polygar]] of [[Ramnad]] who had wrested Hanumantagudi from Thanjavur during the reign of Pratapsingh.<ref name="p60">[[#Subramanian|Subramanian]], Pg 60</ref> The Raja of Ramnad was a dependent of the [[Nawab of Carnatic]] and this act of aggression by Thuljaji forced the Nawab to interfere.<ref name="p60" /> The Nawab and the East India company [[Siege of Tanjore|laid siege]] to Tanjore, and forced the Raj to surrender. A humiliating treaty was forced upon the Raja and was later [[ratified]] by the officials of the British East India Company.<ref name="p61">[[#Subramanian|Subramanian]], Pg 61</ref> Eighty lakhs of arrears had to be paid apart from a [[war indemnity]] of thirty-two lakhs.<ref name="p61"/> Thuljaji also ceded two Subhas of Thanjavur to the Nawab. Arni and Hanumantagudi were taken from the Raja's hands and Thanjavur was to have the same foreign policy as the kingdom of the Nawab.<ref name="p61"/> | ||
Humiliated and shaken by the provisions of the treaty, Thuljaji applied to the [[Peshwa]] for help. A large army commanded by [[Raghoba]] was dispatched to help Thuljaji.<ref name="p61"/> But court intrigues at Satara forced him to turn back.<ref name="p61"/> Thanjavur was taken by the forces of the Nawab of Carnatic and Thuljaji was deposed.<ref name="p61" /> Thanjavur loathed under the rule of the Nawab for three years (from 1773 to 1776).<ref name="p61"/> | Humiliated and shaken by the provisions of the treaty, Thuljaji applied to the [[Peshwa]] for help. A large army commanded by [[Raghoba]] was dispatched to help Thuljaji.<ref name="p61"/> But court intrigues at Satara forced him to turn back.<ref name="p61"/> Thanjavur was taken by the forces of the Nawab of Carnatic and Thuljaji was deposed.<ref name="p61" /> Thanjavur loathed under the rule of the Nawab for three years (from 1773 to 1776).<ref name="p61"/> | ||
== Restoration == | == Restoration == | ||
In 1776, the Board of Directors of the British East India Company ordered the restoration of Thuljaji.<ref name="p62">[[#Subramanian|Subramanian]] , Pg 62</ref> However, soon after his restoration a treaty was forced upon him by which he became a mere vassal of the British.<ref name="p62" /> His army was disbanded and replaced with Company troops. He was to pay regular tribute to both the Nawab and the Company.<ref name="p62"/> | In 1776, the Board of Directors of the British East India Company ordered the restoration of Thuljaji.<ref name="p62">[[#Subramanian|Subramanian]], Pg 62</ref> However, soon after his restoration a treaty was forced upon him by which he became a mere vassal of the British.<ref name="p62" /> His army was disbanded and replaced with Company troops. He was to pay regular tribute to both the Nawab and the Company.<ref name="p62"/> | ||
== The Second Mysore War == | == The Second Mysore War == | ||
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== Literature == | == Literature == | ||
Thuljaji was a fine writer and could compose in [[Sanskrit]] as well as [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]].<ref name="p58">[[#Subramanian|Subramanian]], Pg 58</ref> He conferred the title of ''Andhra Kalidasa'' on poet [[Aluri Kuppana]].<ref name="p58" /> Kuppana wrote classics such as ''Acharyavijayamu'',''Panchanada Sthalapurana'',''Yakshaganas'' of [[Ramayana]] and the [[Bhagavata]], ''Parana Bhagavatacharitra'',''Indumati Parinaya'' and ''Karmavipaka''.<ref name="p58" /> | Thuljaji was a fine writer and could compose in [[Sanskrit]] as well as [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]].<ref name="p58">[[#Subramanian|Subramanian]], Pg 58</ref> He conferred the title of ''Andhra Kalidasa'' on poet [[Aluri Kuppana]].<ref name="p58" /> Kuppana wrote classics such as ''Acharyavijayamu'', ''Panchanada Sthalapurana'', ''Yakshaganas'' of [[Ramayana]] and the [[Bhagavata]], ''Parana Bhagavatacharitra'', ''Indumati Parinaya'' and ''Karmavipaka''.<ref name="p58" /> | ||
Thuljaji was tolerant of other faiths and religions. He confided upon a [[Christianity|Christian]] [[missionary]] called [[Christian Friedrich Schwarz|Schwartz]] who hoped to convert Thuljaji to Christianity.<ref name="p58" /><ref name="p66">[[#Subramanian|Subramanian]], Pg 66</ref>Thuljaji however remained a devout Hindu, drawn deeply to the [[Saivism]] sect.<ref name="p58" /> | Thuljaji was tolerant of other faiths and religions. He confided upon a [[Christianity|Christian]] [[missionary]] called [[Christian Friedrich Schwarz|Schwartz]] who hoped to convert Thuljaji to Christianity.<ref name="p58" /><ref name="p66">[[#Subramanian|Subramanian]], Pg 66</ref> Thuljaji however remained a devout Hindu, drawn deeply to the [[Saivism]] sect.<ref name="p58" /> | ||
== Death == | == Death == | ||
Latest revision as of 10:53, 16 November 2021
| Thuljaji | |
|---|---|
| Raja of Thanjavur Maratha kingdom | |
 | |
| Reign | 1763 to 1773 and 1776 to 1787 |
| Predecessor | Pratap singh |
| Successor | Serfoji II |
| Born | 1738 |
| Died | 1787 |
| House | Bhonsle |
| Father | Pratapsingh of Thanjavur |
| Religion | Hinduism |
Thuljaji Bhonsle (Marathi: तुळजाजी, also known as Tullasu Rasa) (1738–1787) was the eldest son of Pratap singh and the ruler of Thanjavur Bhonsle dynasty from 1763 to 1773 and 1776 to 1787. He was a weak-hearted ruler despite being extremely generous. His period is known for the treaties which made Thanjavur subordinate to the British East India Company.
Invasion of Ramnad and the Occupation of the Nawab of the Carnatic[edit]
In 1771, Thuljaji invaded the dominion of the Polygar of Ramnad who had wrested Hanumantagudi from Thanjavur during the reign of Pratapsingh.[1] The Raja of Ramnad was a dependent of the Nawab of Carnatic and this act of aggression by Thuljaji forced the Nawab to interfere.[1] The Nawab and the East India company laid siege to Tanjore, and forced the Raj to surrender. A humiliating treaty was forced upon the Raja and was later ratified by the officials of the British East India Company.[2] Eighty lakhs of arrears had to be paid apart from a war indemnity of thirty-two lakhs.[2] Thuljaji also ceded two Subhas of Thanjavur to the Nawab. Arni and Hanumantagudi were taken from the Raja's hands and Thanjavur was to have the same foreign policy as the kingdom of the Nawab.[2]
Humiliated and shaken by the provisions of the treaty, Thuljaji applied to the Peshwa for help. A large army commanded by Raghoba was dispatched to help Thuljaji.[2] But court intrigues at Satara forced him to turn back.[2] Thanjavur was taken by the forces of the Nawab of Carnatic and Thuljaji was deposed.[2] Thanjavur loathed under the rule of the Nawab for three years (from 1773 to 1776).[2]
Restoration[edit]
In 1776, the Board of Directors of the British East India Company ordered the restoration of Thuljaji.[3] However, soon after his restoration a treaty was forced upon him by which he became a mere vassal of the British.[3] His army was disbanded and replaced with Company troops. He was to pay regular tribute to both the Nawab and the Company.[3]
The Second Mysore War[edit]
The Second Mysore War broke out in 1780 between Hyder Ali and the Company. The very next year, along with his son Tipu Sultan he invaded Thanjavur.[3] The Mysore army was in occupation of the kingdom for 6 months.[3] The region was plundered and the people carried away. The missionary Schwartz records the abduction of 20,000 children from Thanjavur by Tipu Sultan in the year 1784 alone.[3] The produce fell and a calamity ensued. Thanjavur did not recover from the impact of Tipu's invasion till the beginning of the 19th century.[3]
Literature[edit]
Thuljaji was a fine writer and could compose in Sanskrit as well as Telugu and Marathi.[4] He conferred the title of Andhra Kalidasa on poet Aluri Kuppana.[4] Kuppana wrote classics such as Acharyavijayamu, Panchanada Sthalapurana, Yakshaganas of Ramayana and the Bhagavata, Parana Bhagavatacharitra, Indumati Parinaya and Karmavipaka.[4]
Thuljaji was tolerant of other faiths and religions. He confided upon a Christian missionary called Schwartz who hoped to convert Thuljaji to Christianity.[4][5] Thuljaji however remained a devout Hindu, drawn deeply to the Saivism sect.[4]
Death[edit]
Thuljaji died in 1787[5] at age 49 leaving behind an impoverished state. Two of his queens committed Sati.[5] As two of his sons had predeceased him, he had adopted Serfoji from a collateral branch of the Bhonsle family.[5] Serfoji II ascended the throne at the age of 10 with Thuljaji's brother Amarsingh as regent.[6]
See also[edit]
- Bhonsle
- Maratha Empire
- List of Maratha dynasties and states
- Thanjavur Maratha kingdom
- Tipu Sultan
- Nawab of Carnatic
Footnotes[edit]
References[edit]
- K. R. Subramanian(1928). The Maratha Rajas of Tanjore
- Thuljaji II in Saraswathi Mahal Library website
| Preceded by Pratapsingh |
Maratha Raja of Thanjavur 1763–1787 |
Succeeded by Serfoji II |
