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Babu (title): Difference between revisions
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[[File:ORIENTAL HEADS p033 Baboo Tarachand Chukturburtee, Varenda Brahmin, Calcutta.jpg|thumb|Baboo Tarachand Chukturburtee, Varenda Brahmin, Calcutta 1844]] | [[File:ORIENTAL HEADS p033 Baboo Tarachand Chukturburtee, Varenda Brahmin, Calcutta.jpg|thumb|Baboo Tarachand Chukturburtee, Varenda Brahmin, Calcutta 1844]] | ||
[[File:Twenty-One Days in India, or, the Tour Of Sir Ali Baba K.C.B. and, the Teapot Series by George Aberigh-Mackay.tif|thumb|"The Bengali Baboo" - Twenty-One Days in India, or, the Tour Of Sir Ali Baba K.C.B. and, the Teapot Series by George Aberigh-Mackay]] | [[File:Twenty-One Days in India, or, the Tour Of Sir Ali Baba K.C.B. and, the Teapot Series by George Aberigh-Mackay.tif|thumb|"The Bengali Baboo" - Twenty-One Days in India, or, the Tour Of Sir Ali Baba K.C.B. and, the Teapot Series by George Aberigh-Mackay]] | ||
The title '''babu''', also spelled '''baboo''', is used in the [[Indian subcontinent]] as a sign of respect towards men. In some cultures, the term 'Babu' is a term of endearment for a loved one as well. The [[honorific]] "[[-ji|ji]]" is sometimes added as a suffix to create the double honorific "babuji" which, in northern and eastern parts of [[India]], is a term of respect for one's father. "Babuji" can also be used as a term of respect for any respected elder or man. {{citation needed|date=December 2017}} | The title '''babu''', also spelled '''baboo''', is used in the [[Indian subcontinent]] as a sign of respect towards men. In some cultures, the term 'Babu' is a term of endearment for a loved one as well. The [[honorific]] "[[-ji|ji]]" is sometimes added as a suffix to create the double honorific "babuji" which, in northern and eastern parts of [[India]], is a term of respect for one's father. "Babuji" can also be used as a term of respect for any respected elder or man.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} | ||
In some Indian [[Zamindari]] [[Estate (land)|estate]]s the title Babu or Babu [[Sri]] was used by its rulers. In many kingdoms the members of royal family and kin of the [[king]]s also used this title. {{citation needed|date=December 2017}} | In some Indian [[Zamindari]] [[Estate (land)|estate]]s the title Babu or Babu [[Sri]] was used by its rulers. In many kingdoms the members of royal family and kin of the [[king]]s also used this title. {{citation needed|date=December 2017}} | ||
In [[Bengali language|Bangla]] and [[Maithili language|Maithili]] , babu is used as suffix to a person's name to show respect while calling him by name, for example, "Mohan ''babu'', could you please come here?". In [[Bengal]], the word Babu or Babushona is used more broadly, meaning baby or a little kid or one's child, especially to younger kids.{{clarify|date=March 2016}} In the [[Saurashtra language]], babu may refer to a younger brother, male, (sibling). The term "babu" may be suffixed to a person's name - for example, Rosebabu to refer to someone called Rose - but the term "babuji" is always used by itself.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} | In [[Bengali language|Bangla]] and [[Maithili language|Maithili]], babu is used as a suffix to a person's name to show respect while calling him by name, for example, "Mohan ''babu'', could you please come here?". In [[Bengal]], the word Babu or Babushona is used more broadly, meaning baby or a little kid or one's child, especially to younger kids.{{clarify|date=March 2016}} In the [[Saurashtra language]], babu may refer to a younger brother, male, (sibling). The term "babu" may be suffixed to a person's name - for example, Rosebabu to refer to someone called Rose - but the term "babuji" is always used by itself.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} | ||
==Civil servants== | ==Civil servants== | ||
{{see also | Civil_Services_of_India#Concerns_and_Reforms | l1= Concerns regarding Civil Services of India | Civil service reform in developing countries | The Indian Clerk }} | {{see also | Civil_Services_of_India#Concerns_and_Reforms | l1= Concerns regarding Civil Services of India | Civil service reform in developing countries | The Indian Clerk }} | ||
In [[British India]], ''babu'' often referred to a native Indian clerk. The word was originally used as a term of respect attached to a proper name, the equivalent of "mister", and "babuji" was used in many parts to mean "sir" as an address of a gentleman; their | In [[British India]], ''babu'' often referred to a native Indian clerk. The word was originally used as a term of respect attached to a proper name, the equivalent of "mister", and "babuji" was used in many parts to mean "sir" as an address of a gentleman; their life-style was also called "babu culture". They enjoyed a number of privileges for being in the service of the British Raj. The British officials treated them as workers who had both Indian and British connections.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Babu|volume=3}}</ref> Since the mid-twentieth century, the term babu is frequently used pejoratively to refer to bureaucrats of [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) and other government officials,<ref>{{cite web|title=babu, n|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/14245|website=OED Online|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=22 April 2015}}</ref> especially by the Indian media,<ref>{{cite news|title=Yet to start work, Natgrid CEO highest paid babu| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Yet-to-start-work-Natgrid-CEO-highest-paid-babu/articleshow/15610191.cms?referral=PM |date=23 August 2012| access-date = 2014-09-17 | newspaper = The Times of India}}</ref> while the [[Indian bureaucracy]] is called "babudom", as in the "[[Civil Services of India#Reforms|rule of babus]]", especially in India's media.<ref>{{cite magazine | ||
|url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl1818/18181170.htm | |url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl1818/18181170.htm | ||
|title=A barbed look at babudom: Will the typically British humour of Yes Minister work if transplanted to an Indian setting? Viewers of a Hindi satellite channel have a chance to find out. | |title=A barbed look at babudom: Will the typically British humour of Yes Minister work if transplanted to an Indian setting? Viewers of a Hindi satellite channel have a chance to find out. | ||
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==Other uses== | ==Other uses== | ||
"Babu" is | "Babu" in [[Swahili language|Swahili]] is like "papu" in [[Greek language|Greek]].<ref>See [[Wiktionary:babu|babu]] in [[Wiktionary:|Wiktionary]].</ref> It is cognate with "baba" in [[Slavic languages]], and ultimately with "papa" in [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] and [[Romance languages]]. In [[Nepali language|Nepali]], [[Eastern Hindi]]/[[Bihari languages|Bihari]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Maithili language|Maithili]],Bengali, [[Telugu language|Telugu]], and [[Oriya languages]], it is a means of calling with love and affection to spouses or younger brothers, sons, grandsons etc. It can be found in the urban trend to call "babu" to girlfriends or boyfriends, or common-friends to symbolize deep love or dearness. In many Bengali families fathers and sons are usually named babu, as a matter of intimacy, with daughters or mothers. | ||
On the island of [[Mauritius]] the word ''Babu-ji'' refers to the [[Kshatriya]] caste within the [[Indo-Mauritian]] community. This community consists mainly of [[Bihari Mauritians]] whose ancestors landed on the island as [[Indentured servitude|Coolies]] or indentured sugar cane field labourers during the 1810-1968 British colonial rule.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Claveyrolas |first1=Mathieu |title=The ‘Land of the Vaish’? Caste Structure and Ideology in Mauritius |url=https://journals.openedition.org/samaj/3886 |access-date=2015-09-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Nave |first1=Ari |title=Nested Identities: Ethnicity, Community and the Nature of Group Conflict in Mauritius (C. Bates (ed.), Community, Empire and Migration) |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-137-05743-3_3 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-05743-3 |doi=10.1007/978-1-137-05743-3_3 |access-date=2001-06-25}}</ref> | |||
On the island of [[Mauritius]] the word ''Babu-ji'' | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Latest revision as of 02:38, 9 September 2021
The title babu, also spelled baboo, is used in the Indian subcontinent as a sign of respect towards men. In some cultures, the term 'Babu' is a term of endearment for a loved one as well. The honorific "ji" is sometimes added as a suffix to create the double honorific "babuji" which, in northern and eastern parts of India, is a term of respect for one's father. "Babuji" can also be used as a term of respect for any respected elder or man.[citation needed]
In some Indian Zamindari estates the title Babu or Babu Sri was used by its rulers. In many kingdoms the members of royal family and kin of the kings also used this title.[citation needed]
In Bangla and Maithili, babu is used as a suffix to a person's name to show respect while calling him by name, for example, "Mohan babu, could you please come here?". In Bengal, the word Babu or Babushona is used more broadly, meaning baby or a little kid or one's child, especially to younger kids.[clarification needed] In the Saurashtra language, babu may refer to a younger brother, male, (sibling). The term "babu" may be suffixed to a person's name - for example, Rosebabu to refer to someone called Rose - but the term "babuji" is always used by itself.[citation needed]
Civil servants
In British India, babu often referred to a native Indian clerk. The word was originally used as a term of respect attached to a proper name, the equivalent of "mister", and "babuji" was used in many parts to mean "sir" as an address of a gentleman; their life-style was also called "babu culture". They enjoyed a number of privileges for being in the service of the British Raj. The British officials treated them as workers who had both Indian and British connections.[1] Since the mid-twentieth century, the term babu is frequently used pejoratively to refer to bureaucrats of Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and other government officials,[2] especially by the Indian media,[3] while the Indian bureaucracy is called "babudom", as in the "rule of babus", especially in India's media.[4][5][6]
Other uses
"Babu" in Swahili is like "papu" in Greek.[7] It is cognate with "baba" in Slavic languages, and ultimately with "papa" in Germanic and Romance languages. In Nepali, Eastern Hindi/Bihari, Bhojpuri, Maithili,Bengali, Telugu, and Oriya languages, it is a means of calling with love and affection to spouses or younger brothers, sons, grandsons etc. It can be found in the urban trend to call "babu" to girlfriends or boyfriends, or common-friends to symbolize deep love or dearness. In many Bengali families fathers and sons are usually named babu, as a matter of intimacy, with daughters or mothers.
On the island of Mauritius the word Babu-ji refers to the Kshatriya caste within the Indo-Mauritian community. This community consists mainly of Bihari Mauritians whose ancestors landed on the island as Coolies or indentured sugar cane field labourers during the 1810-1968 British colonial rule.[8][9]
See also
- Babu Saheb, regional title used in Bihar and neighbouring states.
- Reddy (title)
- Sahib
- Effendi
- Babuji (disambiguation)
- Babu (disambiguation)
References
- ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ "babu, n". OED Online. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
- ↑ "Yet to start work, Natgrid CEO highest paid babu". The Times of India. 23 August 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
- ↑ Parthasarathy, Anand (1–14 September 2001). "A barbed look at babudom: Will the typically British humour of Yes Minister work if transplanted to an Indian setting? Viewers of a Hindi satellite channel have a chance to find out". Frontline. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
Bureaucracy knows no bounds...
- ↑ "PM Modi tightens screws, gives babudom a new rush hour". The Times of India. 2 September 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
- ↑ "Babu". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
- ↑ See babu in Wiktionary.
- ↑ Claveyrolas, Mathieu. "The 'Land of the Vaish'? Caste Structure and Ideology in Mauritius". Retrieved 15 September 2015.
- ↑ Nave, Ari. "Nested Identities: Ethnicity, Community and the Nature of Group Conflict in Mauritius (C. Bates (ed.), Community, Empire and Migration)". Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-1-137-05743-3_3. ISBN 978-1-137-05743-3. Retrieved 25 June 2001.
