Umapati Dhara

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Umapati Dhara
Personal
Bornc. 1120 (1120)
Sonargaon (সুবর্ণগ্রাম), Narayanganj District , Sena dynasty , present-day Bangladesh,
Diedc. 1220(1220-00-00) (aged 99–100)
Lakhnauti
ReligionHinduism
NationalityIndian
DenominationVaishnavism
RelativesUddharan Dutta Thakura , Haladhar Sen, Gouri Sen
HonorsPancharatna, Pancharatna appeared in the court of King Lakshmanasena of Navadwipa in Bengal - Jayadeva , Umapatidhara, Dhoyin, Sharan and Govardhan Acharya are one jewel form of that Pancharatna .

Umapati Dhara (উমাপতি ধর, c. 1150–1240) was the chief minister in the court of Lakshmana Sena (ruler from the Sena dynasty of the Bengal region on the Indian subcontinent). and one of the court poets of Lakshmana Sena.[1] Several Prashasti like the Deopara Prashasti , a stone inscription eulogizing the Sena kings of Bengal was written by him. He is one of the Pancharatna in the court of Lakshmana Sena.[2] Jayadeva was the middle jewel of this Pancharatna.[3] The identity of these four Kavibandhus of Jayadeva might have been lost forever if the poet Jayadeva had not mentioned their names and poetic qualities in 'Gita Govinda'[4][5][6] [7][8] [5][6][9].However, earlier Lakshmanasena's court poet, Batudas's son Sridhardas, has compiled Saduktikarnamrita by including many verses of these four poets, he saved their poetry from oblivion. According to Jayadeva, Umapatidhar's characteristic of writing was to enrich the words and sentences.[10] His famous works were the Deoparaprashasti and the Madhainagar copper plates[11] He also wrote a book Chandrachudacharita, in Sanskrit, which has not been found.[12]

Personal life[edit]

Umapati Dhara was born into a rich Jamindar family from the Kayastha caste. He was one of the five gems of Sanskrit scholars, which was mentioned at the court of Lakshmana Sena.[13][14] His father Kanjilal Dhar lived in Sonergram, whose sister Bhagabati Devi was married to Bhabesh Dutta relative of Gouri Sen a reputed gold merchant in the era of Ballāla Sena.[11][15]From old traditional folk songs of Malda region it is said that with Halayudh and many other minister of Lakhman Sena he too converted to Islam after Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji conquer Gouda but after the conversion his Islamic name is still unknown . From a verse in Saduktikarnamrita named after Umapatidhara’a writing proves the histoty 'Sadhu Mlechcha Narendra Sadhu Sadhu. Bhavato Mataiva Veeraprasurnichenapi Bhavadvidhen Vasudha Sukshatriya varta.' That is, - O Mlechchraj! The saint is the saint. Your mother is truly a valiant mother. Though low (community), the world is still blessed for a hero like you. It can be inferred from the above sources that around 1202-1203 AD, the Turkish invasion of Bengal under the leadership of Iftiyaruddin-bin-Bakhtiyar Khalji took place and as a result Navadwip and its surrounding areas came under foreign Muslim rule. Many Hindu Brahmin scholars fled to safer places to save their religion and lives. In order to protect their religion from the youth or to escape from the touch of shadow, Lakshmana Sen's family moved to Suvarnagram in present-day Bangladesh. Naturally, the Brahmins and nobles were also eager to save the touch of the Muslim ruler. Kavi Jayadeva reached Puridham with his wife Padmavati, and those who remained in their homeland had no choice but to accept the Muslim lunar rule. It is assumed that aged Umapatidhar was among the latter. He send his family to a safer place and himself accept the Muslim rule to ease the escalating crisis.[16]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Akshay Kumar Maitra (2012). Rachana Sangraha. Kolkata: Parul Prakashan. ISBN 9789382300182.
  2. ↑ Sunil Chattopadhyay (2018). Prachin Bharater Itihas (Part II) History Of Ancient India. Kolkata: West Bengal State Book Board. p. 540. ISBN 978-81-247-0648-0.
  3. ↑ Dasa, Banamali (1934). Dasa Goswami, Babaji Baishnaba Charana (ed.). Banamali Padyabali (in ଓଡ଼ିଆ). Cuttack: Arunodaya Pustakalaya.
  4. ↑ (PDF) http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2008/May2008/engpdf/New_Light41-60.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Uddharana Datta Thakura". archive.org. 1904.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 দীননাথ ধর (1904). উদ্ধারণ দত্ত ঠাকুর [সংস্করণ-২]. Kolkata: Hare Press. p. 94.
  7. ↑ (PDF) https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2011/may/engpdf/18-20.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. ↑ "Uddharana Datta Kathamrita" (PDF). ia801601.us.archive.org.
  9. ↑ Suniti Kumar Chatterji (2017). Jayadeva Makers of Indian Literature. Kolkata: Sahitya Akademi Delhi. p. 65. ISBN 978-81-260-0182-8.
  10. ↑ Choudhury, Kamal (2017). Nadiyar Bitihas Part 1. Kolkata: Dey's Publishing. ISBN 9788129513809.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Alam, Aksadul (2012), "Deopara Prashasti", in Sirajul Islam; Ahmed A. Jamal (eds.), Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.), Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
  12. ↑ Siegfried Lienhard (1984). A History of Classical Poetry: Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit. A History of Indian Literature. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 18. ISBN 978-3-447-02425-9.
  13. ↑ Ray, Niharranjan (1994). History of the Bengali People: Ancient Period. Orient Longman. p. 223. ISBN 978-0-86311-378-9.
  14. ↑ Chopra, Pran Nath (1982). Religions and Communities of India. East-West Publications. p. 79. ISBN 9780856920813. The Baidyas retained among their group not only rajas and maharajas and powerful zamindars (landlords) but also scholars of great distinction such as the five gems at the court of Lakshman Sena, two of whom were Jayadeva, the famous composer of the Gita Govinda and Dhoyee Kaviraj.
  15. ↑ Rakhaldas Bandyopadhyay (1919), The Origin of the Bengali Script, University of Calcutta available in Wikimedia Commons
  16. ↑ SRIDHARADASA (1965). SADUKTI-KARNAMRTA. Kolkata: FIRMA K. L. MUKHOPADHYAY, CALCUTTA.

Further reading[edit]

  • G.A. Grierson, 'Parijataharana Nataka' ;
  • Journal of Bihar Orissa Research Society, 1917;
  • Chintaharan Chakrabarti, ed., Pavanaduta of Dhoyi, Calcutta, 1926;
  • Nanigopal Majumdar, Inscriptions of Bengal, Vol. III, Rajshahi, 1929.
  • M. Winternitz, A History of Indian Literature, Vol. III, part I, Delhi, 1963
  • ভারতকোষ, প্রথম খণ্ড, বঙ্গীয় সাহিত্য পরিষৎ, কলিকাতা, পাতা-৬৪৮।
  • বাংলা সাহিত্যের ইতিবৃত্ত, প্রথম খণ্ড , ডঃ অসিতকুমার বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় , পাতা- ৭৮-৮১।
  • A.M. Chowdhury, Dyanastic History of Bengal, Dhaka, 1967
  • R.C. Majumdar, History Of Ancient Bengal, Calcutta, 1971
  • সুভাষিতাবলী

External links[edit]

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