Fixed typing errors and missing content.
(Fixed typo.) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
(Fixed typing errors and missing content.) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
| governance=Episcopal Synod | | governance=Episcopal Synod | ||
| structure= | | structure= | ||
| leader_title = | | leader_title = Hounouarable Catholicos of the East (കിഴക്കിന്റെ ഒക്കെയും വന്ദ്യ കാതോലിക്ക / പൗരസ്ത്യ കാതോലിക്ക) and Malankara Metropolitan (മലങ്കര മെത്രാപോലീത്ത) also known Malankara Metropolitan (മലങ്കര മെത്രാപ്പോലീത്ത), Patriarch of India (ഭാരത്തിന്റെ പാത്രിയർക്കീസ്), ബാവ (meaning Patriarch / പിതാവ്), Jaathikku Karthavyan (ജാതിക്ക് കർത്തവ്യൻ) / The Gate of All India (ഇന്ത്യയുടെ ഒക്കെയും വാതിൽ അഥവാ ഭാരതത്തിന്റെ ഒക്കെയുടെയും വാതിൽ Residing on the Holy Apostolic See of St. Thomas Apostle - the Disciple of Our Lord and God Jesus Christ who was God the Word Incarnated for us and Our Redemption as as a Human, Native of Nazrath (നമുക്കും നമ്മുടെ രക്ഷക്കും വേണ്ടി നസ്രത്തുകാരനായ മനുഷ്യനായി അവതരിച്ച വചനമായ ദൈവം ആകുന്ന നമ്മുടെ കർത്താവും ദൈവവുമായ മോറാൻ ഈശോ മിശിഹായുടെ ശിഷ്യൻ മാർ തോമ ശ്ലീഹയുടെ ശ്ലൈഹീക സിംഹാസനത്തിൽ ആരൂഡനായിരിക്കുന്ന) | ||
| leader_name = [[Moran Mar Baseliose Mar Thoma | | leader_name = [[Moran Mar Baseliose Mar Thoma Mathews Third]] | ||
| area = [[India]] and the [[Saint Thomas Christians|Nasrani]] [[Malayali]] diaspora | | area = [[India]] and the [[Saint Thomas Christians|Nasrani]] [[Malayali]] diaspora | ||
| language = [[Syriac language|Syriac]], [[Suriyani Malayalam]], [[Konkani]], [[Malayalam]], [[English language|English]] | | language = [[Syriac language|Syriac]], [[Suriyani Malayalam]], [[Konkani]], [[Malayalam]], [[English language|English]] | ||
| Line 96: | Line 96: | ||
| pages = 317 | | pages = 317 | ||
| quote = India has two main Orthodox churches, the autocephalous and autonomous Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (Indian Orthodox) and autonomous Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church under jurisdiction of Syrian Patriarchate. However, in 1912, there was a split in the community when one part declared itself an autocephalous church and announced the re-establishment of the ancient Catholicosate of the East in India. This was not accepted by those who remained loyal to the Syrian Patriarch. The two sides were reconciled in 1958 when the Indian Supreme Court declared that only the autocephalous Catholicos and Malankara Metropolitan and bishops in communion with him had legal standing. But in 1975, the Syrian Patriarch excommunicated and deposed the Catholicos and appointed a rival, an action that resulted in the community splitting yet again. On 21 January 1995, the Supreme Court of India stated the existence of one orthodox church in India divided into two groups and noticed that spiritual authority of the Syrian Patriarchate reached vanishing point, acknowledging the rights of the autocephalous Church.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| author1 = Fahlbusch| author2 = Lochman| author3 = Mbiti| author4 = Pelikan| title = The Encyclopedia Of Christianity, Volume 5 S-Z| date = November 2010| publisher = Vandenhoeck&Rupercht| location = Gittingen, Germany| isbn = 978-0-8028-2417-2| pages = 285| quote = The autocephalous Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church is governed by Holy Episcopal Synod of 24 Bishops presided over by His Holiness Moran Mar Baselios Mar Thoma Didimos Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan. | | quote = India has two main Orthodox churches, the autocephalous and autonomous Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (Indian Orthodox) and autonomous Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church under jurisdiction of Syrian Patriarchate. However, in 1912, there was a split in the community when one part declared itself an autocephalous church and announced the re-establishment of the ancient Catholicosate of the East in India. This was not accepted by those who remained loyal to the Syrian Patriarch. The two sides were reconciled in 1958 when the Indian Supreme Court declared that only the autocephalous Catholicos and Malankara Metropolitan and bishops in communion with him had legal standing. But in 1975, the Syrian Patriarch excommunicated and deposed the Catholicos and appointed a rival, an action that resulted in the community splitting yet again. On 21 January 1995, the Supreme Court of India stated the existence of one orthodox church in India divided into two groups and noticed that spiritual authority of the Syrian Patriarchate reached vanishing point, acknowledging the rights of the autocephalous Church.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| author1 = Fahlbusch| author2 = Lochman| author3 = Mbiti| author4 = Pelikan| title = The Encyclopedia Of Christianity, Volume 5 S-Z| date = November 2010| publisher = Vandenhoeck&Rupercht| location = Gittingen, Germany| isbn = 978-0-8028-2417-2| pages = 285| quote = The autocephalous Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church is governed by Holy Episcopal Synod of 24 Bishops presided over by His Holiness Moran Mar Baselios Mar Thoma Didimos Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan. | ||
}}</ref> [[Oriental Orthodox Churches|Oriental Orthodox church]] based in [[Kerala]], [[India]]. The church serves India's [[Saint Thomas Christians|Saint Thomas Christian]] (also known as ''Nasrani'') population. According to tradition, the church originated in the | }}</ref> [[Oriental Orthodox Churches|Oriental Orthodox church]] based in [[Kerala]], [[India]]. The church serves India's [[Saint Thomas Christians|Saint Thomas Christian]] (also known as ''Nasrani'') population. According to tradition, the church originated in the mimissionary activities of [[മാർ തോമ ശ്ലീഹ / Thomas the Apostle]] in the 1st century.<ref name="Erwin Fahlbusch">[https://books.google.com/books?id=lZUBZlth2qgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9780802824172&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i5ncVJiVJ4u4uATrlIGoAg&ved=0CB8Q6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=Muziris&f=true ''The Encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 5''] by Erwin Fahlbusch. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing – 2008. p. 285. {{ISBN|978-0-8028-2417-2}}.</ref> | ||
The autocephalous<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnewa.org/default.aspx?ID=9&pagetypeID=9&sitecode=hq&pageno=1|title=The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church|website=CNEWA|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703040252/http://www.cnewa.org/default.aspx?ID=9&pagetypeID=9&sitecode=hq&pageno=1|archive-date=2016-07-03|access-date=2019-10-28|quote=However, in 1912, there was a split in the community when one part declared itself an autocephalous church and announced the re-establishment of the ancient Catholicosate of the East in India. This was not accepted by those who remained loyal to the Syrian Patriarch. The two sides were reconciled in 1958 when the Indian Supreme Court declared that only the autocephalous Catholicos and bishops in communion with him had legal standing. But in 1975, the Syrian Patriarch excommunicated and deposed the Catholicos and appointed a rival, an action that resulted in the community splitting yet again. In June 1995, the Supreme Court of India rendered a decision that (a) upheld the Constitution of the church that had been adopted in 1934 and made it binding on both factions, (b) stated that there is only one Orthodox church in India, currently divided into two factions, and (c) the autocephalous Catholicos has legal standing as the head of the entire church, and that he is custodian of its parishes and properties. This decision did not, however, result in a reconciliation between the two groups, which in 2007 remained separate and antagonistic.}}</ref> [[Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan]] (currently [[ | The autocephalous<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnewa.org/default.aspx?ID=9&pagetypeID=9&sitecode=hq&pageno=1|title=The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church|website=CNEWA|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703040252/http://www.cnewa.org/default.aspx?ID=9&pagetypeID=9&sitecode=hq&pageno=1|archive-date=2016-07-03|access-date=2019-10-28|quote=However, in 1912, there was a split in the community when one part declared itself an autocephalous church and announced the re-establishment of the ancient Catholicosate of the East in India. This was not accepted by those who remained loyal to the Syrian Patriarch. The two sides were reconciled in 1958 when the Indian Supreme Court declared that only the autocephalous Catholicos and bishops in communion with him had legal standing. But in 1975, the Syrian Patriarch excommunicated and deposed the Catholicos and appointed a rival, an action that resulted in the community splitting yet again. In June 1995, the Supreme Court of India rendered a decision that (a) upheld the Constitution of the church that had been adopted in 1934 and made it binding on both factions, (b) stated that there is only one Orthodox church in India, currently divided into two factions, and (c) the autocephalous Catholicos has legal standing as the head of the entire church, and that he is custodian of its parishes and properties. This decision did not, however, result in a reconciliation between the two groups, which in 2007 remained separate and antagonistic.}}</ref> [[Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan]] (currently [[Moran Mar Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews Third]]), is the primate of the church. It employs the [[Malankara Rite]], an Indian form of the Jerusalem [[Liturgy of Saint James|St. James Liturgy.]] It is a member of the [[World Council of Churches]] (WCC). The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church regained full [[autocephaly]] in 1912, and remains in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with the other five Oriental Orthodox churches, including the [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch]]{{Dubious|date=July 2021}} and its own autonomous branch the Jacobite Syrian Christian Church Puthankurish (In 2002 by the supporters of Patriarch of Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch who initially Signed Affidavit in Supreme Court of India that they accept the validity of Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Constitution of 1934, they will abide by it & that they will participate in Malankara Association of that year which will be held at Parumala in the Presence of Supreme Court Justice Maleemad According to the Verdict of Supreme Court Bench but on the day of Association boycotted it, went to Puthankurish and formed the Society titled Jacobite Syrian Christian Church, Puthankurish which was Decalred Illegal Null and Void by Supreme Court of India in its Final Verdict of 3rd July, 2017.), the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]], the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]], the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]] and the [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]. The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church drafted and formally adopted a constitution in 1934, wherein the church formally declared the [[Malankara Metropolitan]] and the Catholicos of the East as one.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/malankara-church-row-all-you-need-to-know-about-century-old-dispute-behind-high-drama-between-jacobite-orthodox-factions-in-kerala-7414211.html|title=Malankara church row: All you need to know about century-old dispute between Jacobite, Orthodox factions in Kerala|publisher=FirstPost|date=27 September 2019|access-date=2020-04-27}}</ref> | ||
The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church holds to [[miaphysitism]],{{sfn|Winkler|1997|p=33-40}}{{sfn|Brock|2016|p=45–52}} which holds that in the one person of [[Jesus Christ]], divinity and humanity are united in one (μία, ''mia'') nature (φύσις – "[[physis]]") without separation, without confusion, without alteration and without mixing<ref>''The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity'' by Ken Parry 2009 {{ISBN|1-4443-3361-5}} page 88 [https://books.google.com/books?id=fWp9JA3aBvcC&pg=PA88&dq=Miaphysitism&hl=en&ei=sVDgTKqDKpDOswbundTyCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Miaphysitism&f=false]</ref> where Christ is [[Consubstantiality|consubstantial]] with [[God the Father]]. Around 500 bishops within the Patriarchates of [[Alexandria]], [[Antioch]] and [[Jerusalem]] refused to accept the [[dyophysitism]] (two natures) doctrine decreed by the 4th ecumenical council, the [[Council of Chalcedon]] in 451,{{Dubious|date=July 2021}} an incident that resulted in the first major split in the main body of the Christian Church. While the Oriental Orthodox churches rejected the [[Chalcedonian definition]], the sees later would become the [[Catholic Church]] and the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] accepted this council.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07218b.htm |title=Catholic Encyclopedia: Henoticon |publisher=Newadvent.org |date=1910-06-01 |access-date=2013-06-30}}</ref> | The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church holds to [[miaphysitism]],{{sfn|Winkler|1997|p=33-40}}{{sfn|Brock|2016|p=45–52}} which holds that in the one person of [[Jesus Christ]], divinity and humanity are united in one (μία, ''mia'') nature (φύσις – "[[physis]]") without separation, without confusion, without alteration and without mixing<ref>''The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity'' by Ken Parry 2009 {{ISBN|1-4443-3361-5}} page 88 [https://books.google.com/books?id=fWp9JA3aBvcC&pg=PA88&dq=Miaphysitism&hl=en&ei=sVDgTKqDKpDOswbundTyCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Miaphysitism&f=false]</ref> where Christ is [[Consubstantiality|consubstantial]] with [[God the Father]]. Around 500 bishops within the Patriarchates of [[Alexandria]], [[Antioch]] and [[Jerusalem]] refused to accept the [[dyophysitism]] (two natures) doctrine decreed by the 4th ecumenical council, the [[Council of Chalcedon]] in 451,{{Dubious|date=July 2021}} an incident that resulted in the first major split in the main body of the Christian Church. While the Oriental Orthodox churches rejected the [[Chalcedonian definition]], the sees later would become the [[Catholic Church]] and the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] accepted this council.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07218b.htm |title=Catholic Encyclopedia: Henoticon |publisher=Newadvent.org |date=1910-06-01 |access-date=2013-06-30}}</ref> | ||