Conquests of Devapala: Difference between revisions

Conquests of Devapala (edit)

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 [[Alchon Huns|Hūnas]] were a nomadic tribe which came from the [[Central Asia]].<ref name=":1">Majumdar, R. C. (1943). ''[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99743 The History Of Bengal Vol. 1]''. p. 118</ref> After death of the [[Alchon Huns|Alchon Hūna ruler]] [[Mihirakula|Mihirkula]],<ref name=":2">Ed. R. C. Majumdar (1960). ''[https://archive.org/details/comprehensive-history-of-india-vol.-3-part-1-ed.-r.-c.-majumdar Comprehensive History of India Vol.3 Part-1]. p. 664''</ref> the Hūnas stopped being an major factor however they had small principalities which they were ruling. One of these was located in Uttarapatha which [[Devapala (Pala dynasty)|Devapāla]] had successfully invaded.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> The inscriptions of [[Devapala (Pala dynasty)|Devapāla]] states that [[Devapala (Pala dynasty)|Devapāla]] humbled the pride of the Hūnas, and he is also credited with the subjugation of Hūnas.
 == Campaign against the Pratihāras (Gurjaras) ==
-Devapāla's Campaigns against the Pratihāras was a series of campaigns against the Pratihāra rulers Nagabhatta II, Ramabhadra and Bhoja which started when Nagabhata tried to re-establish his rule over Kannauj after the death of Dharmapāla.<ref name=":3">Majumdar, R.C. (2009). ''History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 04, The Age Of Imperial Kanauj. Public Resource.'' Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. pp. 50–51.</ref><ref name=":4">Others, Muzaffar H. Syed & (2022-02-20). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Sy5gEAAAQBAJ History of Indian Nation : Ancient India.]'' K.K. Publications. p. 287.</ref>
+[[Devapala (Pala dynasty)|Devapāla's]] Campaigns against the [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty|Pratihāras]] was a series of campaigns against the Pratihāra rulers [[Nagabhata II|Nagabhatta II]], [[Ramabhadra]] and [[Bhoja]] which started when Nagabhata tried to re-establish his rule over Kannauj after the death of [[Dharmapala (emperor)|Dharmapāla]].<ref name=":3">Majumdar, R.C. (2009). ''History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 04, The Age Of Imperial Kanauj. Public Resource.'' Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. pp. 50–51.</ref><ref name=":4">Others, Muzaffar H. Syed & (2022-02-20). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Sy5gEAAAQBAJ History of Indian Nation : Ancient India.]'' K.K. Publications. p. 287.</ref>
 === Campaigns against Nagabhatta II ===
-Nagabhatta II tried to re-establish the Pratihāra rule over Kannauj after the death of Dharmapāla, However Devapāla defeated him and re-establish the Pala supremacy over Kannauj after his successful campaign.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />
+[[Nagabhata II|Nagabhatta II]] tried to re-establish the Pratihāra rule over Kannauj after the death of [[Dharmapala (emperor)|Dharmapāla]], However [[Devapala (Pala dynasty)|Devapāla]] defeated him and re-establish the Pala supremacy over [[Kannauj]] after his successful campaign.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />
 === Campaigns against Ramabhadra ===
-Ramabhadra is credited with no victory in the Pratihara inscription, which states that he <nowiki>''had no desire for the world.'' Majumdar has interpreted the Gwalior Praśasti to indicate that Ramabhadra'</nowiki>s dominion was invaded by the Pala king Devapāla. This invasion have led to serious disturbances in the Pratihara dominion.<ref>Sinha, Bindeshwari Prasad (1977). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=V3KDaZY85wYC&q=devapala+campaign+gurjara Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450-1200 A.D.]'' Abhinav Publications. p. 186.</ref> Ramabhadra suffered heavy setbacks at the hands of Devapāla, who even temporarily ravaged his dominion.<ref>MAJUMDAR, R. C. (1971). ''[http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.13287 HISTORY OF ANCIENT BENGAL]''. G. BHARADWAJ , CALCUTTA. pp. 113–114.</ref>
+[[Ramabhadra]] is credited with no victory in the Pratihara inscription, which states that he <nowiki>''had no desire for the world.''</nowiki> [[R. C. Majumdar|Majumdar]] has interpreted the Gwalior Praśasti to indicate that Ramabhadra's dominion was invaded by the Pala king [[Devapala (Pala dynasty)|Devapāla]]. This invasion have led to serious disturbances in the Pratihara dominion.<ref>Sinha, Bindeshwari Prasad (1977). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=V3KDaZY85wYC&q=devapala+campaign+gurjara Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450-1200 A.D.]'' Abhinav Publications. p. 186.</ref> Ramabhadra suffered heavy setbacks at the hands of Devapāla, who even temporarily ravaged his dominion.<ref>MAJUMDAR, R. C. (1971). ''[http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.13287 HISTORY OF ANCIENT BENGAL]''. G. BHARADWAJ , CALCUTTA. pp. 113–114.</ref>
 === Subjugation of Bhoja ===
-The inscriptions of Devapāla and also the inscription refering his reign credits him to subjugate the Gurjaras who were undoubtedly the Pratihāras and in this case the Pratihāra king was Bhoja and the timeline for this event was between 810 to 850 CE.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Rahman, Shah Sufi Mostafizur (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=MQBuAAAAMAAJ&q=devapala+is+credited+with+the+subjugation+of+the+gurjaras ''Archaeological Investigation in Bogra District: From Early Historic to Early Mediaeval Period.''] International Centre for Study of Bengal Art. p. 50</ref>
+The inscriptions of [[Devapala (Pala dynasty)|Devapāla]] and also the inscription refering his reign credits him to subjugate the [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty|Gurjaras]] who were undoubtedly the [[Pratihara|Pratihāras]] and in this case the Pratihāra king was [[Bhoja]] and the timeline for this event was between 810 to 850 CE.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Rahman, Shah Sufi Mostafizur (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=MQBuAAAAMAAJ&q=devapala+is+credited+with+the+subjugation+of+the+gurjaras ''Archaeological Investigation in Bogra District: From Early Historic to Early Mediaeval Period.''] International Centre for Study of Bengal Art. p. 50</ref>
 == Conflict against the Tibetans ==
 [[Devapala (Pala dynasty)|Devapāla]] is said to have reached the Kambhoja country (Tibet) in his military campaign. As a result, Devapāla came into conflict with the [[Tibetan Empire]]. There is nothing impossible as the Tibetan sources claim that their kings Khri-srong-lda-btsan (Trisong Detsen) and his son Mu-teg-btsan-po (Ralpacan) subdued [[Indian subcontinent|India]] and forced [[Dharmapala (emperor)|Dharmapāla]] to submit. Therefore, Devapāla must have also clashed with and defeated the Tibetan kings.<ref>Sinha, Bindeshwari Prasad (1974). ''[http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.534083 Comprehensive History Of Bihar Vol.1; Pt.2]''. pp. 252–253.</ref><ref>Diwakar, R. R. (1958). [http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.17468 ''Bihar through the ages'']. p. 312.</ref>