.svg)
Chandrayaan-3: Difference between revisions
no edit summary
No edit summary |
No edit summary Tag: references removed |
||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
{{Infobox spaceflight | {{Infobox spaceflight | ||
| name = Chandrayaan-3 | | name = Chandrayaan-3 | ||
| image = Chandrayaan-3 Integrated Module in clean-room | | image = Chandrayaan-3 Integrated Module in clean-room 02.webp | ||
| image_caption = Chandrayaan-3 Integrated Module in [[cleanroom]] | | image_caption = Chandrayaan-3 Integrated Module in [[cleanroom]] | ||
| mission_type = {{hlist|[[Lunar lander|Lander]]|[[Lunar rover|Rover]]}} | | mission_type = {{hlist|[[Lunar lander|Lander]]|[[Lunar rover|Rover]]}} | ||
| operator = [[ISRO]] | | operator = [[ISRO]] | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
| mission_duration = {{time interval|14 July 2023|show=ymd}} (elapsed) | | mission_duration = {{time interval|14 July 2023|show=ymd}} (elapsed) | ||
* [[#Design|Propulsion module]]: ≤ 3 to 6 months (planned) {{time interval|5 August 2023|show=ymd}} (elapsed) (since orbit insertion) | * [[#Design|Propulsion module]]: ≤ 3 to 6 months (planned) {{time interval|5 August 2023|show=ymd}} (elapsed) (since orbit insertion) | ||
* ''[[Chandrayaan-2#Vikram lander|Vikram]]'' lander: ≤ {{time interval|23 August 2023 | * ''[[Chandrayaan-2#Vikram lander|Vikram]]'' lander: ≤ 14 days (planned) {{time interval|23 August 2023}} (elapsed) (since landing) | ||
* ''[[Pragyan (rover)|Pragyan]]'' rover: ≤ 14 days (planned) | * ''[[Pragyan (rover)|Pragyan]]'' rover: ≤ 14 days (planned) {{time interval|23 August 2023}} (elapsed) (since deployment) | ||
| spacecraft_type = | | spacecraft_type = | ||
| spacecraft_bus = Chandrayaan | | spacecraft_bus = Chandrayaan | ||
| manufacturer = ISRO | | manufacturer = ISRO | ||
| launch_mass = 3900 kg<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/science/chandrayaan3-russia-luna-25-who-is-likely-win-space-race-17524541.htm| | | launch_mass = 3900 kg<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3 vs Russia's Luna-25 | Which one is likely to win the space race |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/science/chandrayaan3-russia-luna-25-who-is-likely-win-space-race-17524541.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816051849/https://www.cnbctv18.com/science/chandrayaan3-russia-luna-25-who-is-likely-win-space-race-17524541.htm |archive-date=16 August 2023 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=cnbctv18.com}}</ref> | ||
| payload_mass = Propulsion Module: 2148 kg<br />Lander Module (Vikram): 1726 kg<br />Rover (Pragyan) 26 kg <br />Total: 3900 kg | | payload_mass = Propulsion Module: 2148 kg<br />Lander Module (Vikram): 1726 kg<br />Rover (Pragyan) 26 kg <br />Total: 3900 kg | ||
| dimensions = <!--{{convert| |x| | | |abbr=on}}--> | | dimensions = <!--{{convert| |x| | | |abbr=on}}--> | ||
| power = Propulsion Module: 758 W<br/>Lander Module: 738 W<br/>WS with Bias Rover: 50 W | | power = Propulsion Module: 758 W<br/>Lander Module: 738 W<br/>WS with Bias Rover: 50 W | ||
| launch_date = {{start-date|14 July 2023}} 14:35:17 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], (9:05:17 [[UTC]])<ref name=" | | launch_date = {{start-date|14 July 2023}} 14:35:17 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], (9:05:17 [[UTC]])<ref name="ISRO_Chandrayaan3">{{Cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710170915/https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html |archive-date=10 July 2023 |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref> | ||
| launch_rocket = [[LVM3]] M4 | | launch_rocket = [[LVM3]] M4 | ||
| launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] | | launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] | ||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
| interplanetary = {{Infobox spaceflight/IP | | interplanetary = {{Infobox spaceflight/IP | ||
| type = orbiter | | type = orbiter | ||
| object = | | object = Moon | ||
| arrival_date = 5 August 2023 | | arrival_date = 5 August 2023 | ||
| periapsis = {{cvt|153|km}} | | periapsis = {{cvt|153|km}} | ||
| Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
{{Infobox spaceflight/IP | {{Infobox spaceflight/IP | ||
| type = lander | | type = lander | ||
| object = | | object = Moon | ||
| component = Vikram lander | | component = Vikram lander | ||
| arrival_date = {{start-date|23 August 2023}} 18:02 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], (12:32 [[UTC]])<ref name="sn-20230823">{{ | | arrival_date = {{start-date|23 August 2023}} 18:02 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], (12:32 [[UTC]])<ref name="sn-20230823">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Andrew |date=23 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3: India becomes fourth country to land on the moon |url=https://spacenews.com/chandrayaan-3-india-becomes-fourth-country-to-land-on-the-moon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823130648/https://spacenews.com/chandrayaan-3-india-becomes-fourth-country-to-land-on-the-moon/ |archive-date=23 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=SpaceNews.com}}</ref> | ||
| location = {{coords|69.367621|S|32.348126|E|globe:moon|display=inline,title|format=dec}}<ref name="Landing site">{{ | | location = {{coords|69.367621|S|32.348126|E|globe:moon|display=inline,title|format=dec}}<ref name="Landing site">{{Cite web |title=Mission homepage |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_New.html/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623133254/https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_New.html |archive-date=23 June 2023 |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref> | ||
<br />(between [[Manzinus (crater)|Manzinus C]] and [[Simpelius (crater)|Simpelius N]] craters)<ref>{{ | <br />(between [[Manzinus (crater)|Manzinus C]] and [[Simpelius (crater)|Simpelius N]] craters)<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=India launches Chandrayaan-3 mission to the lunar surface |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/india-launches-chandrayaan-3-mission-to-the-lunar-surface/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717125057/https://physicsworld.com/a/india-launches-chandrayaan-3-mission-to-the-lunar-surface/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 |access-date=15 July 2023 |publisher=Physicsworld}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Infobox spaceflight/IP | {{Infobox spaceflight/IP | ||
| type = rover | | type = rover | ||
| object = | | object = Moon | ||
| component = | | component = | ||
| arrival_date = | | arrival_date = 23 August 2023 | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 57: | Line 57: | ||
| next_mission = [[Lunar Polar Exploration Mission|LUPEX]] | | next_mission = [[Lunar Polar Exploration Mission|LUPEX]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Chandrayaan-3'''<!--Do not add any foreign/Indic/Devanagari script per WP:INDICSCRIPT--> ({{translation|Moon-craft}}, {{ | '''Chandrayaan-3'''<!--Do not add any foreign/Indic/Devanagari script per WP:INDICSCRIPT--> ({{translation|Moon-craft}}, {{IPA-hi|t͡ʃən̪d̪rəjaːn̪|lang|Chandrayaan.ogg}})<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=11 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3 just 1k-km from lunar surface |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/chandrayaan-3-just-1k-km-from-lunar-surface/articleshow/102590128.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812053927/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/chandrayaan-3-just-1k-km-from-lunar-surface/articleshow/102590128.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=12 August 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> is the third Indian [[Exploration of the Moon|lunar exploration]] mission under the [[ISRO|Indian Space Research Organisation's]] (ISRO) [[Chandrayaan programme]].<ref name=":3" /> It consists of a lander named [[Chandrayaan-2#Vikram lander|''Vikram'']] and a rover named ''[[Pragyan (rover)|Pragyan]],'' similar to those of the [[Chandrayaan-2]] mission. The propulsion module carried the lander and rover configuration to lunar orbit in preparation for a powered descent by the lander.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2 January 2020 |title=Chandrayaan-3 to cost Rs 615 crore, launch could stretch to 2021 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-to-cost-rs-615--crore-launch-could-stretch-to-2021/articleshow/73055941.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119155006/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-to-cost-rs-615--crore-launch-could-stretch-to-2021/articleshow/73055941.cms |archive-date=19 November 2021 |access-date=3 January 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608231611/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN3 |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022}}</ref> | ||
Chandrayaan-3 was launched on 14 July 2023.<ref name=" | Chandrayaan-3 was launched on 14 July 2023. The lander and rover landed at the [[lunar south pole]] region<ref name=":5" /> on 23 August 2023 at 18:02 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], making India the first country to successfully land a spacecraft near the lunar south pole<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Sanjay |date=23 August 2023 |title=India makes history by landing spacecraft near Moon’s south pole |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/india-makes-history-landing-spacecraft-near-moon-s-south-pole |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824120354/https://www.science.org/content/article/india-makes-history-landing-spacecraft-near-moon-s-south-pole |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Science.org}}</ref> and the fourth country to [[moon landing|soft-land on the Moon]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 July 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3 launch on 14 July, lunar landing on 23 or 24 August |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/chandrayaan-3-launch-scheduled-for-july-14-at-235-pm/article67049236.ece |url-status=live |access-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711031538/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/chandrayaan-3-launch-scheduled-for-july-14-at-235-pm/article67049236.ece |archive-date=11 July 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=India lands spacecraft near south pole of moon in historic first |language=en-IN |work=The Guardian |url=https://amp.theguardian.com/science/2023/aug/23/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-landing-mission |url-status=live |access-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823031538/https://amp.theguardian.com/science/2023/aug/23/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-landing-mission |archive-date=23 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What foreign media said on Chandrayaan-3's historic lunar feat |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/chandrayaan-3/story/isro-chandrayaan-3-success-makes-global-headlines-2425581-2023-08-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824031537/https://www.indiatoday.in/science/chandrayaan-3/story/isro-chandrayaan-3-success-makes-global-headlines-2425581-2023-08-23 |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2023 |title=चंद्रयान-3: भारत ने रचा इतिहास, चंद्रमा के दक्षिणी ध्रुव पर की सफल लैंडिंग |url=https://postinshort.in/news/india/india-created-history-by-achieving-success-in-soft-landing-on-the-south-pole-of-the-moon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824031459/https://postinshort.in/news/india/india-created-history-by-achieving-success-in-soft-landing-on-the-south-pole-of-the-moon |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=Post Inshort |language=hi}}</ref> | ||
== Background == | == Background == | ||
{{Further|Chandrayaan programme}} | {{Further|Chandrayaan programme}} | ||
On 22 July 2019, ISRO launched [[Chandrayaan-2]] on board a [[LVM3|Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3)]] [[launch vehicle]] consisting of an [[orbiter]], a [[Lander (spacecraft)|lander]] and a [[Rover (space exploration)|rover]].<ref>{{ | On 22 July 2019, ISRO launched [[Chandrayaan-2]] on board a [[LVM3|Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3)]] [[launch vehicle]] consisting of an [[orbiter]], a [[Lander (spacecraft)|lander]] and a [[Rover (space exploration)|rover]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 July 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3 a shot in the arm for Gaganyaan-1 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-a-shot-in-the-arm-for-gaganyaan-1/articleshow/101769970.cms |url-status=live |access-date=15 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717125055/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-a-shot-in-the-arm-for-gaganyaan-1/articleshow/101769970.cms |archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> The lander was scheduled to touch down on the lunar surface in September 2019 to deploy the [[Pragyan (rover)|''Pragyan'' rover]]. The lander ultimately crashed when it deviated from its intended trajectory while attempting to land.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Surendra |date=5 August 2018 |title=Chandrayaan-2 launch put off: India, Israel in lunar race for 4th position |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-2-launch-put-off-india-israel-in-lunar-race-for-4th-position/articleshow/65275012.cms |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819060901/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-2-launch-put-off-india-israel-in-lunar-race-for-4th-position/articleshow/65275012.cms |archive-date=19 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Shenoy |first=Jaideep |date=28 February 2016 |title=ISRO chief signals India's readiness for Chandrayaan II mission |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/ISRO-chief-signals-Indias-readiness-for-Chandrayaan-II-mission/articleshow/51178528.cms |url-status=live |access-date=3 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720105059/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/ISRO-chief-signals-Indias-readiness-for-Chandrayaan-II-mission/articleshow/51178528.cms |archive-date=20 July 2019}}</ref> | ||
Following Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3 and further lunar missions were proposed.<ref name="Failure report">{{ | Following Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3 and further lunar missions were proposed.<ref name="Failure report">{{Cite news |last=Guptan |first=Mahesh |date=16 November 2019 |title=How did Chandrayaan 2 fail? ISRO finally has the answer |work=The Week |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2019/11/16/how-did-chandrayaan-2-fail-isro-answer.html |url-status=live |access-date=3 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219143203/https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2019/11/16/how-did-chandrayaan-2-fail-isro-answer.html |archive-date=19 February 2021}}</ref> | ||
The [[ESTRACK|European Space Tracking network]] (ESTRACK), operated by the [[European Space Agency]] (ESA), is supporting the mission. Under a new cross-support arrangement, ESA tracking support could be provided for upcoming ISRO missions such as those of India's first human spaceflight programme, [[Gaganyaan]], and the [[Aditya-L1]] solar research mission. In return, future ESA missions will receive similar support from ISRO's own tracking stations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ESA and Indian space agency ISRO agree on future cooperation |url=https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/ESA_Ground_Stations/ESA_and_Indian_space_agency_ISRO_agree_on_future_cooperation | | The [[ESTRACK|European Space Tracking network]] (ESTRACK), operated by the [[European Space Agency]] (ESA), is supporting the mission. Under a new cross-support arrangement, ESA tracking support could be provided for upcoming ISRO missions such as those of India's first human spaceflight programme, [[Gaganyaan]], and the [[Aditya-L1]] solar research mission. In return, future ESA missions will receive similar support from ISRO's own tracking stations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ESA and Indian space agency ISRO agree on future cooperation |url=https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/ESA_Ground_Stations/ESA_and_Indian_space_agency_ISRO_agree_on_future_cooperation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321160634/https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/ESA_Ground_Stations/ESA_and_Indian_space_agency_ISRO_agree_on_future_cooperation |archive-date=21 March 2022 |access-date=16 April 2022 |website=www.esa.int |language=en}}</ref> | ||
== Objectives == | == Objectives == | ||
| Line 74: | Line 74: | ||
# Getting a lander to land safely and softly on the surface of the Moon. | # Getting a lander to land safely and softly on the surface of the Moon. | ||
# Observing and demonstrating the rover's driving capabilities on the Moon. | # Observing and demonstrating the rover's driving capabilities on the Moon. | ||
# Conducting and observing experiments on the materials available on the lunar surface to better understand the composition of the Moon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 Details |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_Details.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823165138/https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_Details.html |archive-date= 23 August 2023|access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Indian Space Research Organisation}}</ref> | # Conducting and observing experiments on the materials available on the lunar surface to better understand the composition of the Moon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 Details |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_Details.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823165138/https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_Details.html |archive-date=23 August 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Indian Space Research Organisation}}</ref> | ||
== Spacecraft == | == Spacecraft == | ||
| Line 85: | Line 85: | ||
;Lander | ;Lander | ||
:The ''[[Vikram (spacecraft)|Vikram]]'' lander is responsible for the soft landing on the Moon. It is also box-shaped, with four landing legs and four landing thrusters capable of producing 800 newtons of thrust each. It carries the rover and various scientific instruments to perform on-site analysis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mehta |first=Jatan |title=Chandrayaan-3 Makes Historic Touchdown on the Moon |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/chandrayaan-3-makes-historic-touchdown-on-the-moon/ | | :The ''[[Vikram (spacecraft)|Vikram]]'' lander is responsible for the soft landing on the Moon. It is also box-shaped, with four landing legs and four landing thrusters capable of producing 800 newtons of thrust each. It carries the rover and various scientific instruments to perform on-site analysis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mehta |first=Jatan |title=Chandrayaan-3 Makes Historic Touchdown on the Moon |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/chandrayaan-3-makes-historic-touchdown-on-the-moon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824031414/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/chandrayaan-3-makes-historic-touchdown-on-the-moon/ |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=Scientific American |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 in its last leg of journey to moon |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/chandrayaan-3/video/chandrayaan-3-in-its-last-leg-of-journey-to-moon-2423766-2023-08-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821051212/https://www.indiatoday.in/science/chandrayaan-3/video/chandrayaan-3-in-its-last-leg-of-journey-to-moon-2423766-2023-08-20 |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> | ||
:The lander for Chandrayaan-3 has four variable-thrust engines with [[Slew (spacecraft)|slew rate]] changing capabilities, unlike Chandrayaan-2's lander, which had five, with the fifth one being centrally mounted and capable only of fixed thrust. One of the main reasons for Chandrayaan-2 landing failure, [[Spacecraft attitude control|attitude]] increase during the camera coasting phase, was removed by allowing the lander to control attitude and thrust during all phases of descent. Attitude correction rate is increased from Chandrayaan-2's 10°/s to 25°/s with Chandrayaan-3. Additionally, the Chandrayaan-3 lander will be equipped with a [[Laser Doppler velocimetry|Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV)]] to allow measuring attitude in 3 directions.<ref>{{ | :The lander for Chandrayaan-3 has four variable-thrust engines with [[Slew (spacecraft)|slew rate]] changing capabilities, unlike Chandrayaan-2's lander, which had five, with the fifth one being centrally mounted and capable only of fixed thrust. One of the main reasons for Chandrayaan-2 landing failure, [[Spacecraft attitude control|attitude]] increase during the camera coasting phase, was removed by allowing the lander to control attitude and thrust during all phases of descent. Attitude correction rate is increased from Chandrayaan-2's 10°/s to 25°/s with Chandrayaan-3. Additionally, the Chandrayaan-3 lander will be equipped with a [[Laser Doppler velocimetry|Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV)]] to allow measuring attitude in 3 directions.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Chethan |date=19 November 2019 |title=Chandrayaan-3 plans indicate failures in Chandrayaan-2 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-plans-indicate-failures-in-chandrayaan-2/articleshow/72128771.cms |url-status=live |access-date=15 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121090445/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-plans-indicate-failures-in-chandrayaan-2/articleshow/72128771.cms |archive-date=21 November 2019}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Citation |title=After 4 Years, ISRO Reveals Why Chandrayaan 2 FAILED |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oUdD_QSgRs |access-date=10 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810172742/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oUdD_QSgRs&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live |language=en |archive-date=10 August 2023}}</ref> The impact legs have been made stronger compared to Chandrayaan-2 and instrumentation redundancy has been improved. It will target a more precise {{cvt|4|km}} by {{cvt|4|km}} landing region based on images previously provided by the Orbiter High-Resolution Camera (OHRC) onboard Chandrayaan-2's orbiter. ISRO improved the structural rigidity, increased polling in instruments, increased data frequency and transmission, and added additional multiple contingency systems to improve lander survivability in the event of failures during descent and landing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Shaurya |date=21 October 2022 |title=Chandrayaan-3 To Be More Robust, Have Contingency Systems Onboard, Says ISRO Chief |url=https://www.news18.com/news/tech/chandrayaan-3-to-be-more-robust-have-contingency-systems-onboard-says-isro-chief-6216451.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022080431/https://www.news18.com/news/tech/chandrayaan-3-to-be-more-robust-have-contingency-systems-onboard-says-isro-chief-6216451.html |archive-date=22 October 2022 |access-date=22 October 2022 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> | ||
;Rover | ;Rover | ||
:The '' | :The ''Pragyan'' rover is a six-wheeled vehicle with a mass of {{convert|26|kg|lb|abbr=off}}. It is {{convert|917|mm|ft}} x {{convert|750|mm|ft}} x {{convert|397|mm|ft}} in size.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN3#:~:text=The%20Pragyan%20(Sanskrit%20for%20%22wisdom,lander%20via%20Rx/Tx%20antennas. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608231611/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN3#:~:text=The%20Pragyan%20(Sanskrit%20for%20%22wisdom,lander%20via%20Rx/Tx%20antennas. |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref> | ||
:The rover is expected to take multiple measurements to support research into the composition of the lunar surface, the presence of water ice in the lunar soil, the history of lunar impacts, and the evolution of the Moon's atmosphere.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=16 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3 highlights: Lander Vikram will be 30 km away from Moon today |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/chandrayaan3-live-updates-isros-lunar-mission-indian-spacecraft-landing-on-moon-russia-luna-25-moon-mission-11692151720010.html | | :The rover is expected to take multiple measurements to support research into the composition of the lunar surface, the presence of water ice in the lunar soil, the history of lunar impacts, and the evolution of the Moon's atmosphere.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=16 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3 highlights: Lander Vikram will be 30 km away from Moon today |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/chandrayaan3-live-updates-isros-lunar-mission-indian-spacecraft-landing-on-moon-russia-luna-25-moon-mission-11692151720010.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819200245/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/chandrayaan3-live-updates-isros-lunar-mission-indian-spacecraft-landing-on-moon-russia-luna-25-moon-mission-11692151720010.html |archive-date=19 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Sharmila Kuthunur |date=23 August 2023 |title=India on the moon! Chandrayaan-3 becomes 1st probe to land near lunar south pole |url=https://www.space.com/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-landing-success |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823150626/https://www.space.com/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-landing-success |archive-date=23 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref> | ||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="180"> | <gallery mode="packed" heights="180"> | ||
| Line 103: | Line 103: | ||
* Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE) will measure the thermal conductivity and temperature of the lunar surface. | * Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE) will measure the thermal conductivity and temperature of the lunar surface. | ||
* Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) will measure the seismicity around the landing site. | * Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) will measure the seismicity around the landing site. | ||
* Langmuir Probe (LP) will estimate the near-surface plasma density over time.<ref name="auto">{{ | * Langmuir Probe (LP) will estimate the near-surface plasma density over time.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=ISRO Chandrayaan 3 brochure |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Missions/LVM3/LVM3M4_Chandrayaan3_brochure.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710120424/https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Missions/LVM3/LVM3M4_Chandrayaan3_brochure.pdf |archive-date=10 July 2023 |access-date=14 July 2023}}</ref> | ||
'''Rover''' | '''Rover''' | ||
| Line 141: | Line 141: | ||
=== Orbit === | === Orbit === | ||
After a series of manoeuvres that placed Chandrayaan-3 in a [[trans-lunar injection]] orbit,<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=India's Chandrayaan-3 moon mission takes off with a successful launch as rocket hoists lunar lander and rover – CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-mission-launch-rocket-lunar-lander-and-rover/ | | After a series of manoeuvres that placed Chandrayaan-3 in a [[trans-lunar injection]] orbit,<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=India's Chandrayaan-3 moon mission takes off with a successful launch as rocket hoists lunar lander and rover – CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-mission-launch-rocket-lunar-lander-and-rover/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822120100/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-mission-launch-rocket-lunar-lander-and-rover/ |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=India launches its Chandrayaan-3 Moon landing mission |url=https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/isro/india-launches-its-chandrayaan-3-moon-landing-mission/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817095213/https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/isro/india-launches-its-chandrayaan-3-moon-landing-mission/ |archive-date=17 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=SpaceFlight Insider |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 update: Isro to fire up engines, put spacecraft on road to moon |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/chandrayaan-3/story/chandrayaan-3-update-isro-to-conduct-trans-lunar-injection-tonight-put-spacecraft-on-road-to-moon-2414052-2023-07-31 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801033942/https://www.indiatoday.in/science/chandrayaan-3/story/chandrayaan-3-update-isro-to-conduct-trans-lunar-injection-tonight-put-spacecraft-on-road-to-moon-2414052-2023-07-31 |archive-date=1 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> ISRO performed a lunar-orbit insertion (LOI) on 5 August, successfully placing the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft into orbit around the Moon. The LOI operation was carried out from the ISRO Telemetry, Tracking, and Command Network (ISTRAC) located in [[Bengaluru]].<ref name="hindu_20230805_moonorbit">{{Cite web |last=THE HINDU BUREAU |date=5 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft enters lunar orbit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/chandrayaan-3-enters-lunar-orbit/article67161942.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806022920/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/chandrayaan-3-enters-lunar-orbit/article67161942.ece |archive-date=6 August 2023 |access-date=6 August 2023 |website=The Hindu}}</ref><ref name="asn_20230806_moonorbit">{{Cite web |last=Grey |first=Charles |date=6 August 2023 |title=India's Chandrayaan-3 Successfully Inserted Into Lunar Orbit |url=https://airspacenews.net/indias-chandrayaan-3-successfully-inserted-into-lunar-orbit/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806143515/https://airspacenews.net/indias-chandrayaan-3-successfully-inserted-into-lunar-orbit/ |archive-date=6 August 2023 |access-date=6 August 2023 |website=AIR SPACE News |language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
On 17 August, the Vikram lander separated from the propulsion module to begin the last phase of the mission.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3: Indian lunar lander Vikram inches closer to Moon |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66530022 | | On 17 August, the Vikram lander separated from the propulsion module to begin the last phase of the mission.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3: Indian lunar lander Vikram inches closer to Moon |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66530022 |url-status=live |access-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823141116/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66530022 |archive-date=23 August 2023}}</ref> | ||
=== Descent === | === Descent === | ||
On 23 August 2023, as the lander approached the low point of its orbit, its four engines fired as a braking manoeuvre at {{convert|30|km|mi}} above the Moon's surface. After 11.5 minutes, the lander was 7.2 km (4.5 miles) above the surface; it maintained its altitude for about 10 seconds, then stabilized itself using eight smaller thrusters and rotated from a horizontal to a vertical position while continuing its descent. | On 23 August 2023, as the lander approached the low point of its orbit, its four engines fired as a braking manoeuvre at {{convert|30|km|mi}} above the Moon's surface. After 11.5 minutes, the lander was 7.2 km (4.5 miles) above the surface; it maintained its altitude for about 10 seconds, then stabilized itself using eight smaller thrusters and rotated from a horizontal to a vertical position while continuing its descent. | ||
It then used two of its four engines to slow its descent to roughly {{convert|150|m|ft}}; it hovered there for about 30 seconds before continuing downward and touching down at 12:32 [[UTC]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-23 |title=India Is on the Moon: Lander's Success Moves Nation to Next Space Chapter |language=en |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/23/science/chandrayaan-3-india-moon-landing.html |access-date=2023-08-23 | It then used two of its four engines to slow its descent to roughly {{convert|150|m|ft}}; it hovered there for about 30 seconds before continuing downward and touching down at 12:32 [[UTC]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-23 |title=India Is on the Moon: Lander's Success Moves Nation to Next Space Chapter |language=en |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/23/science/chandrayaan-3-india-moon-landing.html |url-status=live |access-date=2023-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823172509/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/23/science/chandrayaan-3-india-moon-landing.html |archive-date=23 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mehta |first=Jatan |title=Chandrayaan-3 Makes Historic Touchdown on the Moon |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/chandrayaan-3-makes-historic-touchdown-on-the-moon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824031414/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/chandrayaan-3-makes-historic-touchdown-on-the-moon/ |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=Scientific American |language=en}}</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0; text-align:left;" | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0; text-align:left;" | ||
| Line 160: | Line 160: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Earth orbit: Launch | |Earth orbit: Launch | ||
| | |14 July 2023 | ||
| {{N/A}} | | {{N/A}} | ||
|{{convert|abbr=on|170x36500|km}} | |{{convert|abbr=on|170x36500|km}} | ||
| Line 167: | Line 167: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Earth bound maneuvers: 1 || 15 July 2023 || {{N/A}} | |Earth bound maneuvers: 1 || 15 July 2023 || {{N/A}} | ||
|{{convert|abbr=on|173x41762|km}}|| {{N/A}}|| <ref name=CH3-ISRO>{{ | |{{convert|abbr=on|173x41762|km}}|| {{N/A}}|| <ref name="CH3-ISRO">{{Cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710170915/https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html |archive-date=10 July 2023 |access-date=14 July 2023 |publisher=ISRO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1680239822110162944 |user=isro |title=The first orbit raising operation |date=15 July 2023 |access-date=15 July 2023 |url=https://twitter.com/isro/status/1680239822110162944/photo/1}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Earth bound maneuvers: 2 || 17 July 2023 || {{N/A}} | |Earth bound maneuvers: 2 || 17 July 2023 || {{N/A}} | ||
|{{convert|abbr=on|226x41603|km}}|| {{N/A}}|| <ref name=CH3-ISRO /><ref>{{ | |{{convert|abbr=on|226x41603|km}}|| {{N/A}}|| <ref name="CH3-ISRO" /><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1680845817903722497 |user=isro |title=The second orbit raising operation |date=17 July 2023 |access-date=17 July 2023 |url=https://twitter.com/isro/status/1680845817903722497?t=l5YDw4bfrCHUVzPyJ_wMRA&s=19}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Earth bound maneuvers: 3 || 18 July 2023 || {{N/A}} | |Earth bound maneuvers: 3 || 18 July 2023 || {{N/A}} | ||
|{{convert|abbr=on|228x51400|km}}|| {{N/A}}|| <ref>{{ | |{{convert|abbr=on|228x51400|km}}|| {{N/A}}|| <ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1681236337024974850 |user=isro |title=The third orbit raising operation |date=18 July 2023 |access-date=18 July 2023 |url=https://twitter.com/isro/status/1681293895341162499}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Earth bound maneuvers: 4 || 20 July 2023 || {{N/A}} | |Earth bound maneuvers: 4 || 20 July 2023 || {{N/A}} | ||
|{{convert|abbr=on|233x71351|km}}|| {{N/A}}|| <ref name=CH3-ISRO /><ref>{{Cite tweet | | |{{convert|abbr=on|233x71351|km}}|| {{N/A}}|| <ref name="CH3-ISRO" /><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1681960236347965440 |user=isro |title=The fourth orbit raising operation |date=20 July 2023 |access-date=20 July 2023 |url=https://twitter.com/isro/status/1681960236347965440}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Earth bound maneuvers: 5 || 25 July 2023 || {{N/A}} | |Earth bound maneuvers: 5 || 25 July 2023 || {{N/A}} | ||
|{{convert|abbr=on|236x127603|km}}|| {{N/A}}|| <ref name="TWISRO-250723">{{Cite tweet | | |{{convert|abbr=on|236x127603|km}}|| {{N/A}}|| <ref name="TWISRO-250723">{{Cite tweet |number=1683767962560512000 |user=isro |title=The fifth orbit raising operation |date=25 July 2023 |access-date=25 July 2023 |url=https://twitter.com/isro/status/1683767962560512000}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Translunar injection || 31 July 2023 || {{N/A}} | |Translunar injection || 31 July 2023 || {{N/A}} | ||
|{{convert|abbr=on|288x369328|km}}|| {{N/A}}|| <ref>{{ | |{{convert|abbr=on|288x369328|km}}|| {{N/A}}|| <ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1686327939280035840 |user=isro |title=Chandrayaan-3 update |date=1 August 2023 |access-date=5 August 2023 |url=https://twitter.com/isro/status/1686327939280035840}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Lunar orbit injection || 5 August 2023 | |Lunar orbit injection || 5 August 2023 | ||
| {{convert|abbr=on|1835|sec|min}} | | {{convert|abbr=on|1835|sec|min}} | ||
|{{convert|abbr=on|164x18074|km}}|| Approx. {{convert|abbr=on|21|h|min}}|| <ref>{{ | |{{convert|abbr=on|164x18074|km}}|| Approx. {{convert|abbr=on|21|h|min}}|| <ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1687384615215124480 |user=isro |title=Lunar Orbit Injection (LOI) |date=4 August 2023 |access-date=5 August 2023 |url=https://twitter.com/isro/status/1687859829803466753?t=qoIyMeH8oP405bbdzFNMNw&s=19}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Lunar bound maneuvers: 2 || 6 August 2023 | |Lunar bound maneuvers: 2 || 6 August 2023 | ||
| {{N/A}} | | {{N/A}} | ||
|{{convert|abbr=on|170x4313|km}}|| {{N/A}}|| <ref>{{ | |{{convert|abbr=on|170x4313|km}}|| {{N/A}}|| <ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1688248504458846208 |user=isro |title=Chandrayaan-3 Mission |date=6 August 2023 |access-date=6 August 2023 |url=https://twitter.com/isro/status/1688248504458846208?s=20}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Lunar bound maneuvers:3 || 9 August 2023 | |Lunar bound maneuvers:3 || 9 August 2023 | ||
| {{N/A}} | | {{N/A}} | ||
|{{convert|abbr=on|174x1437|km}}|| {{N/A}}||<ref>{{ | |{{convert|abbr=on|174x1437|km}}|| {{N/A}}||<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1689192034916265984 |user=isro |title=Chandrayaan-3 Mission |date=9 August 2023 |access-date=9 August 2023}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Lunar bound maneuvers:4 | |Lunar bound maneuvers:4 | ||
| 14 August 2023 | | 14 August 2023 | ||
| {{N/A}} | | {{N/A}} | ||
|{{convert|abbr=on|150x177|km}}|| {{N/A}}||<ref>{{ | |{{convert|abbr=on|150x177|km}}|| {{N/A}}||<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1690978432321269760 |user=isro |title=Chandrayaan-3 Mission |date=14 August 2023 |access-date=14 August 2023}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Lunar bound maneuvers:5 | |Lunar bound maneuvers:5 | ||
| 16 August 2023 | | 16 August 2023 | ||
| {{N/A}} | | {{N/A}} | ||
|{{convert|abbr=on|153x163|km}}|| {{N/A}}||<ref>{{ | |{{convert|abbr=on|153x163|km}}|| {{N/A}}||<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1691655268449603770 |user=isro |title=Chandrayaan-3 Mission |date=16 August 2023 |access-date=16 August 2023}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Lander deorbit maneuvers: 1 | |Lander deorbit maneuvers: 1 | ||
| 18 August 2023 | | 18 August 2023 | ||
| {{N/A}} | | {{N/A}} | ||
|{{convert|abbr=on|113x157|km}}|| {{N/A}}||<ref>{{ | |{{convert|abbr=on|113x157|km}}|| {{N/A}}||<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1692484515963588645 |user=isro |title=Chandrayaan-3 Mission |date=18 August 2023 |access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Lander deorbit maneuvers: 2 | |Lander deorbit maneuvers: 2 | ||
|19 August 2023 | |19 August 2023 | ||
| {{convert|abbr=on|60|sec|min}} | | {{convert|abbr=on|60|sec|min}} | ||
|{{convert|abbr=on|25x134|km}}|| {{N/A}}||<ref>{{ | |{{convert|abbr=on|25x134|km}}|| {{N/A}}||<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1692995757413192015 |user=isro |title=Chandrayaan 3 mission: second and final deorbiting operation.}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Landing: 1 | |Landing: 1 | ||
| Line 221: | Line 221: | ||
|{{n/a}} | |{{n/a}} | ||
|{{n/a}} | |{{n/a}} | ||
|<ref name="sn-20230823"/> | |<ref name="sn-20230823" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Rover deployment: 1 | |Rover deployment: 1 | ||
| Line 238: | Line 238: | ||
=== Mission life === | === Mission life === | ||
*Propulsion Module: Carries lander and rover to {{convert|100x100|km}} orbit, with operation of experimental payload for up to 6 months.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 Brochure |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Missions/LVM3/LVM3M4_Chandrayaan3_brochure.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710120424/https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Missions/LVM3/LVM3M4_Chandrayaan3_brochure.pdf |archive-date=10 July 2023 |website=Indian Space Research Organisation |format=PDF}}</ref> | *Propulsion Module: Carries lander and rover to {{convert|100x100|km}} orbit, with operation of experimental payload for up to 6 months.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 Brochure |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Missions/LVM3/LVM3M4_Chandrayaan3_brochure.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710120424/https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Missions/LVM3/LVM3M4_Chandrayaan3_brochure.pdf |archive-date=10 July 2023 |website=Indian Space Research Organisation |format=PDF}}</ref> | ||
*Lander Module: 1 Lunar Day (14 Earth Days)<ref name="auto1" | *Lander Module: 1 Lunar Day (14 Earth Days)<ref name="auto1" /> | ||
*Rover Module: 1 Lunar Day (14 Earth Days)<ref name="auto1" /> | *Rover Module: 1 Lunar Day (14 Earth Days)<ref name="auto1" /> | ||
== Team == | == Team == | ||
* ISRO Chairperson: [[S. Somanath]]<ref name=":3" /> | * ISRO Chairperson: [[S. Somanath]]<ref name=":3" /> | ||
* Mission Director: S. Mohanakumar<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2023 |title=With Chandrayaan-3 set to land today, meet key scientists behind ISRO moon mission |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/chandrayaan-3-landing-scientists-isro-8905504/ | | * Mission Director: S. Mohanakumar<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2023 |title=With Chandrayaan-3 set to land today, meet key scientists behind ISRO moon mission |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/chandrayaan-3-landing-scientists-isro-8905504/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824031413/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/chandrayaan-3-landing-scientists-isro-8905504/ |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* Associate Mission Director: G. Narayanan<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nirvaan |date=4 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan 3 Price, Budget, Cost, (Orbiter, Lander, and Rover) |url=https://www.pmsarkariyojanahindi.com/chandrayaan-3-price/ | | * Associate Mission Director: G. Narayanan<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nirvaan |date=4 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan 3 Price, Budget, Cost, (Orbiter, Lander, and Rover) |url=https://www.pmsarkariyojanahindi.com/chandrayaan-3-price/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824031417/https://www.pmsarkariyojanahindi.com/chandrayaan-3-price/ |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=PM Sarkari Yojana Hindi |language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
* Project Director: [[P. Veeramuthuvel]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-23 |title=Chandrayaan-3 {{!}} Not just sons of Tamil Nadu but State's soil itself contributed to Moon mission |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/chandrayaan-3-landing-not-just-sons-of-tamil-nadu-but-states-soil-itself-contributed-to-moon-mission/article67225959.ece |access-date=2023-08-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | * Project Director: [[P. Veeramuthuvel]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-23 |title=Chandrayaan-3 {{!}} Not just sons of Tamil Nadu but State's soil itself contributed to Moon mission |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/chandrayaan-3-landing-not-just-sons-of-tamil-nadu-but-states-soil-itself-contributed-to-moon-mission/article67225959.ece |access-date=2023-08-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | ||
* Deputy Project Director: [[Kalpana. K]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online {{!}} |first=E. T. |date=23 August 2023 |title=Most memorable moment for team Chandrayaan-3: Kalpana K, Deputy Project Director, Moon Mission |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/most-memorable-moment-for-team-chandrayaan-3-kalpana-k-deputy-project-director-moon-mission/videoshow/102991222.cms | | * Deputy Project Director: [[Kalpana. K]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online {{!}} |first=E. T. |date=23 August 2023 |title=Most memorable moment for team Chandrayaan-3: Kalpana K, Deputy Project Director, Moon Mission |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/most-memorable-moment-for-team-chandrayaan-3-kalpana-k-deputy-project-director-moon-mission/videoshow/102991222.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824031954/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/defaultinterstitial.cms |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* Vehicle Director: Biju C. Thomas<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=Chandrayaan 3 Launch Live: India's Chandrayaan-3 moon mission lifts off from Sriharikota |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-launch-live-updates-isro-moon-landing-mission-countdown-launch-time-sriharkota-how-to-watch/liveblog/101739131.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717084941/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-launch-live-updates-isro-moon-landing-mission-countdown-launch-time-sriharkota-how-to-watch/liveblog/101739131.cms |archive-date=17 July 2023 |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> | * Vehicle Director: Biju C. Thomas<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=Chandrayaan 3 Launch Live: India's Chandrayaan-3 moon mission lifts off from Sriharikota |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-launch-live-updates-isro-moon-landing-mission-countdown-launch-time-sriharkota-how-to-watch/liveblog/101739131.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717084941/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-launch-live-updates-isro-moon-landing-mission-countdown-launch-time-sriharkota-how-to-watch/liveblog/101739131.cms |archive-date=17 July 2023 |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> | ||
== Funding == | == Funding == | ||
In December 2019, ISRO requested the initial funding of the project, amounting to {{INRConvert|75|c|lk=on}}, out of which {{INRConvert|60|c}} would be for meeting expenditure towards machinery, equipment, and other capital expenditure, while the remaining {{INRConvert|15|c}} was sought for operating expenditure.<ref>{{ | In December 2019, ISRO requested the initial funding of the project, amounting to {{INRConvert|75|c|lk=on}}, out of which {{INRConvert|60|c}} would be for meeting expenditure towards machinery, equipment, and other capital expenditure, while the remaining {{INRConvert|15|c}} was sought for operating expenditure.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Chethan |date=8 December 2019 |title=ISRO seeks 75 crore more from Centre for Chandrayaan-3 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-seeks-75-crore-more-from-centre-for-chandrayaan-3/articleshow/72421303.cms |url-status=live |access-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120005130/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-seeks-75-crore-more-from-centre-for-chandrayaan-3/articleshow/72421303.cms |archive-date=20 January 2021}}</ref> | ||
Confirming the existence of the project, ISRO's former chairman [[K. Sivan]] stated that the estimated cost would be around {{INRConvert|615|c|lk=|year=2020}}.<ref>{{ | Confirming the existence of the project, ISRO's former chairman [[K. Sivan]] stated that the estimated cost would be around {{INRConvert|615|c|lk=|year=2020}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2020 |title=Chandrayaan-3 to cost Rs 615 crore, launch could stretch to 2021 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-to-cost-rs-615-crore-launch-could-stretch-to-2021/articleshow/73055941.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230181930/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-to-cost-rs-615-crore-launch-could-stretch-to-2021/articleshow/73055941.cms |archive-date=30 December 2020 |access-date=3 January 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2023 |title=How much did India's Chandrayaan-3 lunar mission cost? |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/science/chandrayaan-3-cost-budget-isro-launch-july-14-space-lunar-mission-moon-landing-17222551.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717125549/https://www.cnbctv18.com/science/chandrayaan-3-cost-budget-isro-launch-july-14-space-lunar-mission-moon-landing-17222551.htm |archive-date=17 July 2023 |access-date=15 July 2023 |website=[[CNBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mike Wall |date=18 August 2023 |title=India's Chandrayaan-3 snaps close-up photos of moon ahead of landing try (video) |url=https://www.space.com/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-photos-august-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823141114/https://www.space.com/india-chandrayaan-3-moon-photos-august-2023 |archive-date=23 August 2023 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
| Line 261: | Line 261: | ||
* [[Aditya-L1]] – Indian solar observation mission | * [[Aditya-L1]] – Indian solar observation mission | ||
* [[Gaganyaan]] – Indian crewed spacecraft project | * [[Gaganyaan]] – Indian crewed spacecraft project | ||
* [[Chang'e 6]] | |||
* [[Luna 25]] | |||
{{-}} | {{-}} | ||