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{{Short description|Indian lunar lander mission}} | {{Short description|Ongoing Indian lunar lander mission}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}} | {{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} | ||
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| mission_duration = {{time interval|14 July 2023|show=ymd}} (elapsed) | | mission_duration = {{time interval|14 July 2023|show=ymd}} (elapsed) | ||
* [[#Design|Propulsion module]]: ≤ 3 to 6 months (planned) {{time interval|5 August 2023|show=ymd}} (elapsed) (since orbit insertion) | * [[#Design|Propulsion module]]: ≤ 3 to 6 months (planned) {{time interval|5 August 2023|show=ymd}} (elapsed) (since orbit insertion) | ||
* ''[[Chandrayaan-2#Vikram lander|Vikram]]'' lander: ≤ {{time interval|August 23, 2023, | * ''[[Chandrayaan-2#Vikram lander|Vikram]]'' lander: ≤ {{time interval|August 23, 2023, 18:04}} (elapsed) (since landing) | ||
* ''[[Pragyan (rover)|Pragyan]]'' rover: ≤ 14 days (planned) | * ''[[Pragyan (rover)|Pragyan]]'' rover: ≤ 14 days (planned) | ||
| spacecraft_type = | | spacecraft_type = | ||
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| manufacturer = ISRO | | manufacturer = ISRO | ||
| launch_mass = 3900 kg<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/science/chandrayaan3-russia-luna-25-who-is-likely-win-space-race-17524541.htm|title=Chandrayaan-3 vs Russia's Luna-25 | Which one is likely to win the space race|date=14 August 2023|website=cnbctv18.com|access-date=16 August 2023|archive-date=16 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816051849/https://www.cnbctv18.com/science/chandrayaan3-russia-luna-25-who-is-likely-win-space-race-17524541.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | | launch_mass = 3900 kg<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/science/chandrayaan3-russia-luna-25-who-is-likely-win-space-race-17524541.htm|title=Chandrayaan-3 vs Russia's Luna-25 | Which one is likely to win the space race|date=14 August 2023|website=cnbctv18.com|access-date=16 August 2023|archive-date=16 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816051849/https://www.cnbctv18.com/science/chandrayaan3-russia-luna-25-who-is-likely-win-space-race-17524541.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
| payload_mass = Propulsion Module: 2148.00 kg <br /> Lander Module (Vikram): 1752 kg including Rover (Pragyan) of 26 kg <br /> Total: 3900.00 kg | | payload_mass = Propulsion Module: 2148.00 kg <br /> Lander Module (Vikram): 1752 kg including Rover (''[[Pragyan (rover)|Pragyan]]'') of 26 kg <br /> Total: 3900.00 kg | ||
| dimensions = <!--{{convert| |x| | | |abbr=on}}--> | | dimensions = <!--{{convert| |x| | | |abbr=on}}--> | ||
| power = Propulsion Module: 758 W<br/> Lander Module: 738W,<br/> WS with Bias Rover: 50W | | power = Propulsion Module: 758 W<br/> Lander Module: 738W,<br/> WS with Bias Rover: 50W | ||
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| object = [[Moon]] | | object = [[Moon]] | ||
| component = [[Rover (space exploration)|Rover]] | | component = [[Rover (space exploration)|Rover]] | ||
| arrival_date = {{start-date|23 August 2023}} 18: | | arrival_date = {{start-date|23 August 2023}} 18:02 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], (12:32 [[UTC]])<ref name="sn-20230823">{{cite web |last=Jones |first=Andrew |url=https://spacenews.com/chandrayaan-3-india-becomes-fourth-country-to-land-on-the-moon/ |title=Chandrayaan-3: India becomes fourth country to land on the moon |date=23 August 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |work=SpaceNews.com}}</ref> | ||
| location = {{coords|69.367621|S|32.348126|E|globe:moon|display=inline,title|format=dec}} <ref name="Landing site">{{cite web |title=Mission homepage |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_New.html/ |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=23 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623133254/https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_New.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}}<br />(between [[Manzinus (crater)|Manzinus C]] and [[Simpelius (crater)|Simpelius N]] craters)<ref>{{cite web|title=India launches Chandrayaan-3 mission to the lunar surface|date=14 July 2023|url=https://physicsworld.com/a/india-launches-chandrayaan-3-mission-to-the-lunar-surface/|publisher=Physicsworld|access-date=15 July 2023|archive-date=17 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717125057/https://physicsworld.com/a/india-launches-chandrayaan-3-mission-to-the-lunar-surface/|url-status=live}}</ref> | | location = {{coords|69.367621|S|32.348126|E|globe:moon|display=inline,title|format=dec}} <ref name="Landing site">{{cite web |title=Mission homepage |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_New.html/ |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=23 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623133254/https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_New.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}}<br />(between [[Manzinus (crater)|Manzinus C]] and [[Simpelius (crater)|Simpelius N]] craters)<ref>{{cite web|title=India launches Chandrayaan-3 mission to the lunar surface|date=14 July 2023|url=https://physicsworld.com/a/india-launches-chandrayaan-3-mission-to-the-lunar-surface/|publisher=Physicsworld|access-date=15 July 2023|archive-date=17 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717125057/https://physicsworld.com/a/india-launches-chandrayaan-3-mission-to-the-lunar-surface/|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
| insignia = Chandrayaan-3 logo.png | | insignia = Chandrayaan-3 logo.png | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Chandrayaan-3'''<!--Do not add any foreign/Indic/Devanagari script per WP:INDICSCRIPT--> ({{translation|Moon-craft}}, {{audio|Chandrayaan.ogg|pronunciation}})<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2023-08-11 |title=Chandrayaan-3 just 1k-km from lunar surface |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/chandrayaan-3-just-1k-km-from-lunar-surface/articleshow/102590128.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-12 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=12 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812053927/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/chandrayaan-3-just-1k-km-from-lunar-surface/articleshow/102590128.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> is the third and most recent Indian [[Exploration of the Moon|lunar exploration]] mission under the [[Chandrayaan programme]] | '''Chandrayaan-3'''<!--Do not add any foreign/Indic/Devanagari script per WP:INDICSCRIPT--> ({{translation|Moon-craft}}, {{audio|Chandrayaan.ogg|pronunciation}})<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2023-08-11 |title=Chandrayaan-3 just 1k-km from lunar surface |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/chandrayaan-3-just-1k-km-from-lunar-surface/articleshow/102590128.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-12 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=12 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812053927/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/chandrayaan-3-just-1k-km-from-lunar-surface/articleshow/102590128.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> is the third and most recent Indian [[Exploration of the Moon|lunar exploration]] mission under the [[Chandrayaan programme]] by [[ISRO]], and the first to achieve a soft landing on the Moon.<ref name=":3" /> It consists of a lander named [[Chandrayaan-2#Vikram lander|''Vikram'']] and a rover named ''[[Pragyan (rover)|Pragyan]]'' similar to those of the [[Chandrayaan-2]]. Its propulsion module acts like an [[orbiter]]. The propulsion module carried the lander and rover configuration until the spacecraft attained a 153 × 163 km lunar orbit.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=2 January 2020 |title=Chandrayaan-3 to cost Rs 615 crore, launch could stretch to 2021 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-to-cost-rs-615--crore-launch-could-stretch-to-2021/articleshow/73055941.cms |access-date=3 January 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India |archive-date=19 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119155006/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-to-cost-rs-615--crore-launch-could-stretch-to-2021/articleshow/73055941.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN3 |access-date=10 June 2022 |archive-date=8 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608231611/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN3 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
Following Chandrayaan-2, where a last-minute glitch in the landing guidance software led to the lander crashing after entering [[lunar orbit]], another lunar mission was proposed.<ref name="Failure report">{{cite news|last=Guptan|first=Mahesh|title=How did Chandrayaan 2 fail? ISRO finally has the answer|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2019/11/16/how-did-chandrayaan-2-fail-isro-answer.html|newspaper=The Week|date=2019-11-16|access-date=2020-01-03|archive-date=19 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219143203/https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2019/11/16/how-did-chandrayaan-2-fail-isro-answer.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | Following Chandrayaan-2, where a last-minute glitch in the landing guidance software led to the lander crashing after entering [[lunar orbit]], another lunar mission was proposed.<ref name="Failure report">{{cite news|last=Guptan|first=Mahesh|title=How did Chandrayaan 2 fail? ISRO finally has the answer|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2019/11/16/how-did-chandrayaan-2-fail-isro-answer.html|newspaper=The Week|date=2019-11-16|access-date=2020-01-03|archive-date=19 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219143203/https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2019/11/16/how-did-chandrayaan-2-fail-isro-answer.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
The launch of Chandrayaan-3 took place on 14 July 2023, at 2:35 pm IST.<ref name="ISRO_Chandrayaan3">{{cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html |website=www.isro.gov.in |access-date=14 July 2023 |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710170915/https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The lander and rover landed near the [[lunar south pole]] region on 23 August 2023. The powered descent occurred on 23 August 2023, around 5:45 pm IST and touchdown occurred on the same day around 6: | The launch of Chandrayaan-3 took place on 14 July 2023, at 2:35 pm IST.<ref name="ISRO_Chandrayaan3">{{cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html |website=www.isro.gov.in |access-date=14 July 2023 |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710170915/https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The lander and rover landed near the [[lunar south pole]] region on 23 August 2023. The powered descent occurred on 23 August 2023, around 5:45 pm IST and touchdown occurred on the same day around 6:02 pm IST, making India the first nation to successfully land a spacecraft on the lunar south pole region, and only the fourth country ever to soft-land on the Moon.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-06 |title=Chandrayaan-3 launch on 14 July, lunar landing on 23 or 24 August |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/chandrayaan-3-launch-scheduled-for-july-14-at-235-pm/article67049236.ece |access-date=2023-07-14 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=11 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711031538/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/chandrayaan-3-launch-scheduled-for-july-14-at-235-pm/article67049236.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="sn-20230823"/> | ||
== Background == | == Background == | ||
{{Further|Chandrayaan programme}} | |||
ISRO launched [[Chandrayaan-2]] on board a [[LVM3|Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3)]] [[launch vehicle]] consisting of an [[orbiter]], a [[Lander (spacecraft)|lander]] and a [[Rover (space exploration)|rover]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-a-shot-in-the-arm-for-gaganyaan-1/articleshow/101769970.cms|title=Chandrayaan-3 a shot in the arm for Gaganyaan-1|newspaper=The Times of India|date=15 July 2023|access-date=15 July 2023|archive-date=17 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717125055/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-a-shot-in-the-arm-for-gaganyaan-1/articleshow/101769970.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The lander was scheduled to touchdown on the lunar surface in September 2019 to deploy the [[Pragyan (rover)|''Pragyan'' rover]]. The lander ultimately crashed when it deviated from its intended trajectory while attempting to land.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-2-launch-put-off-india-israel-in-lunar-race-for-4th-position/articleshow/65275012.cms|title=Chandrayaan-2 launch put off: India, Israel in lunar race for 4th position|newspaper=The Times of India|first=Surendra|last=Singh|date=5 August 2018|access-date=15 August 2018|archive-date=19 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819060901/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-2-launch-put-off-india-israel-in-lunar-race-for-4th-position/articleshow/65275012.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/ISRO-chief-signals-Indias-readiness-for-Chandrayaan-II-mission/articleshow/51178528.cms|title=ISRO chief signals India's readiness for Chandrayaan II mission|newspaper=The Times of India|first=Jaideep|last=Shenoy|date=28 February 2016|access-date=2020-01-03|archive-date=20 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720105059/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/ISRO-chief-signals-Indias-readiness-for-Chandrayaan-II-mission/articleshow/51178528.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
The [[ESTRACK|European Space Tracking (ESTRACK)]] operated by [[European Space Agency]] (ESA) will support the mission according to a contract. Under the new cross-support arrangement, ESA tracking support could be provided for upcoming ISRO missions such as those of India’s first human spaceflight | The [[ESTRACK|European Space Tracking (ESTRACK)]] operated by [[European Space Agency]] (ESA) will support the mission according to a contract. Under the new cross-support arrangement, ESA tracking support could be provided for upcoming ISRO missions such as those of India’s first human spaceflight | ||
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On August 5, the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] achieved a Lunar-Orbit Insertion (LOI), successfully placing the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft into orbit around the [[Moon]]. The LOI operation was carried out from the ISRO Telemetry, Tracking, and Command Network (ISTRAC) located in [[Bengaluru]].<ref name="hindu_20230805_moonorbit">{{cite web |author=THE HINDU BUREAU |title=Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft enters lunar orbit |date=5 August 2023 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/chandrayaan-3-enters-lunar-orbit/article67161942.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=6 August 2023 |archive-date=6 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806022920/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/chandrayaan-3-enters-lunar-orbit/article67161942.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="asn_20230806_moonorbit">{{Cite web |last=Grey |first=Charles |date=2023-08-06 |title=India's Chandrayaan-3 Successfully Inserted Into Lunar Orbit |url=https://airspacenews.net/indias-chandrayaan-3-successfully-inserted-into-lunar-orbit/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=AIR SPACE News |language=en-US |archive-date=6 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806143515/https://airspacenews.net/indias-chandrayaan-3-successfully-inserted-into-lunar-orbit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | On August 5, the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] achieved a Lunar-Orbit Insertion (LOI), successfully placing the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft into orbit around the [[Moon]]. The LOI operation was carried out from the ISRO Telemetry, Tracking, and Command Network (ISTRAC) located in [[Bengaluru]].<ref name="hindu_20230805_moonorbit">{{cite web |author=THE HINDU BUREAU |title=Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft enters lunar orbit |date=5 August 2023 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/chandrayaan-3-enters-lunar-orbit/article67161942.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=6 August 2023 |archive-date=6 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806022920/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/chandrayaan-3-enters-lunar-orbit/article67161942.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="asn_20230806_moonorbit">{{Cite web |last=Grey |first=Charles |date=2023-08-06 |title=India's Chandrayaan-3 Successfully Inserted Into Lunar Orbit |url=https://airspacenews.net/indias-chandrayaan-3-successfully-inserted-into-lunar-orbit/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=AIR SPACE News |language=en-US |archive-date=6 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806143515/https://airspacenews.net/indias-chandrayaan-3-successfully-inserted-into-lunar-orbit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
After a series of Lunar Bound Maneuvers, on August 17, the Vikram lander separated from the propulsion module, to begin its | After a series of Lunar Bound Maneuvers, on August 17, the Vikram lander separated from the propulsion module, to begin its last phase of mission to land on the lunar surface.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-17 |title=Chandrayaan-3: Indian lunar lander Vikram inches closer to Moon |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66530022 |access-date=2023-08-23}}</ref> | ||
=== Orbit raising and station keeping === | === Orbit raising and station keeping === | ||
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|{{n/a}} | |{{n/a}} | ||
|{{Success}} | |{{Success}} | ||
| | |<ref name="sn-20230823"/> | ||
|} | |} | ||
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* Mission Director: S. Mohanakumar | * Mission Director: S. Mohanakumar | ||
* Associate Mission Director: G. Narayanan | * Associate Mission Director: G. Narayanan | ||
* Project Director – P Veeramuthuvel | * Project Director – [[P. Veeramuthuvel]] | ||
* Vehicle Director: Biju C Thomas<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-14 |title=Chandrayaan 3 Launch Live: India's Chandrayaan-3 moon mission lifts off from Sriharikota |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-launch-live-updates-isro-moon-landing-mission-countdown-launch-time-sriharkota-how-to-watch/liveblog/101739131.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717084941/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-launch-live-updates-isro-moon-landing-mission-countdown-launch-time-sriharkota-how-to-watch/liveblog/101739131.cms |archive-date=17 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> | * Vehicle Director: Biju C Thomas<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-14 |title=Chandrayaan 3 Launch Live: India's Chandrayaan-3 moon mission lifts off from Sriharikota |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-launch-live-updates-isro-moon-landing-mission-countdown-launch-time-sriharkota-how-to-watch/liveblog/101739131.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717084941/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-launch-live-updates-isro-moon-landing-mission-countdown-launch-time-sriharkota-how-to-watch/liveblog/101739131.cms |archive-date=17 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> | ||
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* [[Indian Martian Exploration Programme]] – Indian Mars exploration programme | * [[Indian Martian Exploration Programme]] – Indian Mars exploration programme | ||
* [[Shukrayaan|Venus Orbiter Mission]] – Indian Venus exploration mission | * [[Shukrayaan|Venus Orbiter Mission]] – Indian Venus exploration mission | ||
* [[Aditya-L1]] – Indian solar observation mission | * [[Aditya-L1]] – Indian solar observation mission | ||
* [[ | * [[Gaganyaan]] - crewed spacecraft being developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
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== External links == | == External links == | ||
{{Lunar rovers}} | {{Lunar rovers}} | ||
{{Moon spacecraft}} | {{Moon spacecraft}} |
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