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{{Short description|none}}
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{{use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
Several [[empire]]s in [[History of the world|world history]] have been contenders for the largest of all time, depending on definition and mode of measurement. Possible ways of measuring size include area, population, economy, and power. Of these, area is the most commonly used because it has a fairly precise definition and can be feasibly measured with some degree of accuracy.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Taagepera|first=Rein|author-link=Rein Taagepera|date=1978|title=Size and duration of empires: Systematics of size|url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt8vx325vq/qt8vx325vq_noSplash_a2c2db5cdb06a3d4d4e35b2852a74948.pdf|url-status=live|journal=[[Social Science Research]]|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|pages=111|doi=10.1016/0049-089X(78)90007-8|issn=0049-089X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707192527/https://escholarship.org/content/qt8vx325vq/qt8vx325vq_noSplash_a2c2db5cdb06a3d4d4e35b2852a74948.pdf|archive-date=2020-07-07|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref> Estonian political scientist [[Rein Taagepera]], who published a series of academic articles about the territorial extents of historical empires between 1978 and 1997,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Taagepera|first=Rein|author-link=Rein Taagepera|date=1978|title=Size and duration of empires: Systematics of size|url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt8vx325vq/qt8vx325vq_noSplash_a2c2db5cdb06a3d4d4e35b2852a74948.pdf|url-status=live|journal=[[Social Science Research]]|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|pages=108–127|doi=10.1016/0049-089X(78)90007-8|issn=0049-089X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707192527/https://escholarship.org/content/qt8vx325vq/qt8vx325vq_noSplash_a2c2db5cdb06a3d4d4e35b2852a74948.pdf|archive-date=2020-07-07|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Taagepera|first=Rein|author-link=Rein Taagepera|date=1978|title=Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 3000 to 600 B.C.|url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt6wf6m5qg/qt6wf6m5qg.pdf|url-status=live|journal=[[Social Science Research]]|volume=7|issue=2|pages=180–196|doi=10.1016/0049-089x(78)90010-8|issn=0049-089X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707202816/https://escholarship.org/content/qt6wf6m5qg/qt6wf6m5qg.pdf|archive-date=2020-07-07|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Taagepera|first1=Rein|author-link=Rein Taagepera|date=1979|title=Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.|journal=[[Social Science History]]|volume=3|issue=3/4|pages=115–138|doi=10.2307/1170959|jstor=1170959}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Taagepera|first=Rein|author-link=Rein Taagepera|date=September 1997|title=Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia|url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt3cn68807/qt3cn68807.pdf|url-status=live|journal=[[International Studies Quarterly]]|volume=41|issue=3|pages=475–504|doi=10.1111/0020-8833.00053|jstor=2600793|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707203055/https://escholarship.org/content/qt3cn68807/qt3cn68807.pdf|archive-date=2020-07-07|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref> defined an empire as "any relatively large sovereign political entity whose components are not sovereign" and its size as the area over which the empire has some undisputed military and taxation prerogatives.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Taagepera|first1=Rein|author-link=Rein Taagepera|date=1979|title=Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.|journal=[[Social Science History]]|volume=3|issue=3/4|page=117|doi=10.2307/1170959|jstor=1170959}}</ref> The list is not exhaustive owing to a lack of available data for several empires; for this reason and because of the inherent uncertainty in the estimates, no rankings are given.
[[File:Combined_map_-_British_and_Mongol_Empires.svg|alt=A map of the British and Mongol empires at their respective greatest extents|thumb|The [[British Empire]] (red) and [[Mongol Empire]] (blue) were the largest and second-largest empire in history, respectively. The precise extent of the Mongol Empire at its greatest territorial expansion is a matter of debate among scholars.]]
Several [[empire]]s in [[human history]] have been contenders for the largest of all time, depending on definition and mode of measurement. Possible ways of measuring size include area, population, economy, and power. Of these, area is the most commonly used because it has a fairly precise definition and can be feasibly measured with some degree of accuracy.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Taagepera|first=Rein|author-link=Rein Taagepera|date=1978|title=Size and duration of empires: Systematics of size|url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt8vx325vq/qt8vx325vq_noSplash_a2c2db5cdb06a3d4d4e35b2852a74948.pdf|url-status=live|journal=[[Social Science Research]]|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|pages=111|doi=10.1016/0049-089X(78)90007-8|issn=0049-089X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707192527/https://escholarship.org/content/qt8vx325vq/qt8vx325vq_noSplash_a2c2db5cdb06a3d4d4e35b2852a74948.pdf|archive-date=2020-07-07|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref> Estonian political scientist [[Rein Taagepera]], who published a series of academic articles about the territorial extents of historical empires between 1978 and 1997,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Taagepera|first=Rein|author-link=Rein Taagepera|date=1978|title=Size and duration of empires: Systematics of size|url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt8vx325vq/qt8vx325vq_noSplash_a2c2db5cdb06a3d4d4e35b2852a74948.pdf|url-status=live|journal=[[Social Science Research]]|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|pages=108–127|doi=10.1016/0049-089X(78)90007-8|issn=0049-089X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707192527/https://escholarship.org/content/qt8vx325vq/qt8vx325vq_noSplash_a2c2db5cdb06a3d4d4e35b2852a74948.pdf|archive-date=2020-07-07|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Taagepera|first=Rein|author-link=Rein Taagepera|date=1978|title=Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 3000 to 600 B.C.|url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt6wf6m5qg/qt6wf6m5qg.pdf|url-status=live|journal=[[Social Science Research]]|volume=7|issue=2|pages=180–196|doi=10.1016/0049-089x(78)90010-8|issn=0049-089X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707202816/https://escholarship.org/content/qt6wf6m5qg/qt6wf6m5qg.pdf|archive-date=2020-07-07|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Taagepera|first1=Rein|author-link=Rein Taagepera|date=1979|title=Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.|journal=[[Social Science History]]|volume=3|issue=3/4|pages=115–138|doi=10.2307/1170959|jstor=1170959}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Taagepera|first=Rein|author-link=Rein Taagepera|date=September 1997|title=Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia|url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt3cn68807/qt3cn68807.pdf|url-status=live|journal=[[International Studies Quarterly]]|volume=41|issue=3|pages=475–504|doi=10.1111/0020-8833.00053|jstor=2600793|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707203055/https://escholarship.org/content/qt3cn68807/qt3cn68807.pdf|archive-date=2020-07-07|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref> defined an empire as "any relatively large sovereign political entity whose components are not sovereign" and its size as the area over which the empire has some undisputed military and taxation prerogatives.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Taagepera|first1=Rein|author-link=Rein Taagepera|date=1979|title=Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.|journal=[[Social Science History]]|volume=3|issue=3/4|page=117|doi=10.2307/1170959|jstor=1170959}}</ref> The list is not exhaustive owing to a lack of available data for several empires; for this reason and because of the inherent uncertainty in the estimates, no rankings are given.


== Largest empires by land area ==
== Largest empires by land area ==
For context, the land area of the Earth, excluding the continent of [[Antarctica]], is {{convert|{{#expr:148940000-14200000}}|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|sigfig=5}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html|archive-date=2020-07-07|access-date=2020-07-07|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|quote=Antarctica [...] land: 14.2 million sq km (285,000 sq km ice-free, 13.915 million sq km ice-covered) (est.)<br>[...]<br>World [...] land: 148.94 million sq km}}</ref>
For context, the land area of the Earth, excluding the continent of [[Antarctica]], is {{convert|{{#expr:148940000-14200000}}|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|sigfig=5}}.<ref>{{Citation |title=World |date=2022-07-18 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/ |work=[[The World Factbook]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620115241/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/ |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |language=en |quote=land: 148.94 million sq km [...] Antarctica 14,200,000 sq km |access-date=2022-07-24 |archive-date=2022-06-20 |url-status=live}}</ref>


=== Empires at their greatest extent ===
=== Empires at their greatest extent ===
Empire size in this list is defined as the dry land area it controlled at the time, which may differ considerably from the area it claimed. For example: in the year 1800, European powers collectively claimed approximately {{#expr:55-35}}% of the Earth's land surface that they did not effectively control.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Magdoff|first=Harry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9pWCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA29|title=Imperialism: From the Colonial Age to the Present|date=1979|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-85345-498-4|pages=29|language=en|quote=[I]n 1800 Europe and its possessions, including former colonies, claimed title to about 55 percent of the earth's land surface: Europe, North and South America, most of India, and small sections along the coast of Africa. But much of this was merely claimed; effective control existed over a little less than 35 percent, most of which consisted of Europe itself. By 1878—that is, before the next major wave of European acquisitions began—an additional 6,500,000 square miles (16,800,000 square kilometers) were claimed; during this period, control was consolidated over the new claims and over all the territory claimed in 1800. Hence, from 1800 until 1878, actual European rule (including former colonies in North and South America), increased from 35 to 67 percent of the earth's land surface.|author-link=Harry Magdoff|access-date=2020-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719190026/https://books.google.com/books?id=A9pWCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA29#v=onepage&q&f=false|archive-date=2020-07-19|url-status=live}}</ref> Where estimates vary, entries are sorted by the ''lowest'' estimate. Where more than one entry has the same area, they are listed alphabetically.
Empire size in this list is defined as the dry land area it controlled at the time, which may differ considerably from the area it claimed. For example: in the year 1800, European powers collectively claimed approximately {{#expr:55-35}}% of the Earth's land surface that they did not effectively control.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Magdoff|first=Harry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9pWCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA29|title=Imperialism: From the Colonial Age to the Present|date=1979|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-85345-498-4|pages=29|language=en|quote=[I]n 1800 Europe and its possessions, including former colonies, claimed title to about 55 percent of the earth's land surface: Europe, North and South America, most of India, and small sections along the coast of Africa. But much of this was merely claimed; effective control existed over a little less than 35 percent, most of which consisted of Europe itself. By 1878—that is, before the next major wave of European acquisitions began—an additional 6,500,000 square miles (16,800,000 square kilometers) were claimed; during this period, control was consolidated over the new claims and over all the territory claimed in 1800. Hence, from 1800 until 1878, actual European rule (including former colonies in North and South America), increased from 35 to 67 percent of the earth's land surface.|author-link=Harry Magdoff|access-date=2020-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719190026/https://books.google.com/books?id=A9pWCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA29|archive-date=2020-07-19|url-status=live}}</ref> Where estimates vary, entries are sorted by the ''lowest'' estimate. Where more than one entry has the same area, they are listed alphabetically.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 55%"<!-- discuss sortable on talk page. -->
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 55%"<!-- discuss sortable on talk page. -->
! rowspan="2" |Empire
! rowspan="2" |Empire
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|{{Date table sorting|1810}}<ref name="Taagepera1997" />
|{{Date table sorting|1810}}<ref name="Taagepera1997" />
|-
|-
|[[French colonial empire#Second French colonial empire (after 1830)|Second French colonial empire]]
|[[French colonial empire#Second French colonial empire (post-1830)|Second French colonial empire]]
|11.5<ref name="Taagepera1997" />
|11.5<ref name="Taagepera1997" />
|{{convert|11.5|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
|{{convert|11.5|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
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|{{Date table sorting|1942}}<ref name="Conrad" /><ref name="JapaneseEmpire" />
|{{Date table sorting|1942}}<ref name="Conrad" /><ref name="JapaneseEmpire" />
|-
|-
|[[Iberian Union]]
|[[Iberian Union]]{{Efn|A temporary union of the Spanish and Portuguese crowns prior to the maximum territorial expansion of either's colonial possessions.|group=Table1}}
|7.1<ref name="Taagepera1997" />
|7.1<ref name="Taagepera1997" />
|{{convert|7.1|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
|{{convert|7.1|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
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|-
|-
|[[First Mexican Empire]]
|[[First Mexican Empire]]
|4.429<ref name="rodr">{{cite book|last1=Rodríguez|first1=Jaime|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X6FIUUjtq0oC&pg=PA47|title=Myths, Misdeeds and Misunderstandings: The Roots of Conflict in US-Mexican Relations|last2=Vincent|first2=Kathryn|date=1997|publisher=Scholarly Resources Inc.|isbn=0-8420-2662-2|edition=First|location=Wilmington, DE, USA|page=47|chapter=The Colonization and Loss of Texas: A Mexican Perspective|quote=When it was founded in 1821, the Mexican Empire extended over 4,429,000 km<sup>2</sup> (not including the 445,683 km<sup>2</sup> temporarily added by the short-lived union of the Central American provinces).|access-date=14 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615060129/https://books.google.com/books?id=X6FIUUjtq0oC&pg=PA47#v=onepage&q&f=false|archive-date=2020-06-15|url-status=live}}</ref>
|4.429<ref name="rodr">{{cite book|last1=Rodríguez|first1=Jaime|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X6FIUUjtq0oC&pg=PA47|title=Myths, Misdeeds and Misunderstandings: The Roots of Conflict in US-Mexican Relations|last2=Vincent|first2=Kathryn|date=1997|publisher=Scholarly Resources Inc.|isbn=0-8420-2662-2|edition=First|location=Wilmington, DE, USA|page=47|chapter=The Colonization and Loss of Texas: A Mexican Perspective|quote=When it was founded in 1821, the Mexican Empire extended over 4,429,000 km<sup>2</sup> (not including the 445,683 km<sup>2</sup> temporarily added by the short-lived union of the Central American provinces).|access-date=14 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615060129/https://books.google.com/books?id=X6FIUUjtq0oC&pg=PA47|archive-date=2020-06-15|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{convert|4.429|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
|{{convert|4.429|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
|{{percent|4.429|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
|{{percent|4.429|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
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|{{convert|2.8|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
|{{convert|2.8|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
|{{percent|2.8|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
|{{percent|2.8|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
|0<ref name="Turchin2006" /><ref name="Taagepera1979" />
|1<ref name="Turchin2006" /><ref name="Taagepera1979" />
|-
|-
|[[Rouran Khaganate]]
|[[Rouran Khaganate]]
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|{{Date table sorting|329}}<ref name="Taagepera1979" />
|{{Date table sorting|329}}<ref name="Taagepera1979" />
|-
|-
|[[Maratha Empire]]
|[[Maratha Empire|Maratha Confederacy]]
|2.5<ref name="Turchin2006" />
|2.5<ref name="Turchin2006" />
|{{convert|2.5|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
|{{convert|2.5|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
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|[[Belgian colonial empire]]
|[[Belgian colonial empire]]
|{{significant figures|(29450+2336900)/10^6|4}}<ref name="SoldatenAtlas" />–{{Convert|{{#expr:(11800+940000)/10^6}}|mi2|km2|2|abbr=|disp=number}}
|{{significant figures|(29450+2336900)/10^6|4}}<ref name="SoldatenAtlas" />–{{Convert|{{#expr:(11800+940000)/10^6}}|mi2|km2|2|abbr=|disp=number}}
|{{convert|{{#expr:(29450+2336900)/10^6}}|km2|mi2|2|disp=number|abbr=}}–{{Significant figures|(11,800+940,000)/10^6|2}}<ref name="Townsend">{{Cite book|last1=Townsend|first1=Mary Evelyn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P4-OAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA19|title=European Colonial Expansion Since 1871|last2=Peake|first2=Cyrus Henderson|date=1941|publisher=J.B. Lippincott|pages=19|language=en|access-date=2020-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719233455/https://books.google.com/books?id=P4-OAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA19#v=onepage&q&f=false|archive-date=2020-07-19|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{convert|{{#expr:(29450+2336900)/10^6}}|km2|mi2|2|disp=number|abbr=}}–{{Significant figures|(11,800+940,000)/10^6|2}}<ref name="Townsend">{{Cite book|last1=Townsend|first1=Mary Evelyn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P4-OAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA19|title=European Colonial Expansion Since 1871|last2=Peake|first2=Cyrus Henderson|date=1941|publisher=J.B. Lippincott|pages=19|language=en|access-date=2020-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719233455/https://books.google.com/books?id=P4-OAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA19|archive-date=2020-07-19|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{percent|(29450+2336900)/10^6|134.74|2|pad=yes}}–{{percent|{{Convert|{{#expr:(11800+940000)/10^6}}|mi2|km2|2|abbr=|disp=number}}|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
|{{percent|(29450+2336900)/10^6|134.74|2|pad=yes}}–{{percent|{{Convert|{{#expr:(11800+940000)/10^6}}|mi2|km2|2|abbr=|disp=number}}|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
|{{Date table sorting|1941}}<ref name="SoldatenAtlas" /> or {{Date table sorting|1939}}<ref name="Townsend" />
|{{Date table sorting|1941}}<ref name="SoldatenAtlas" /> or {{Date table sorting|1939}}<ref name="Townsend" />
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|{{Date table sorting|-670}}<ref name="Turchin2006" /><ref name="Taagepera1978" />
|{{Date table sorting|-670}}<ref name="Turchin2006" /><ref name="Taagepera1978" />
|-
|-
|Eastern [[Maurya Empire]]
|Eastern [[Maurya Empire|Maurya Kingdom]]
|1.3<ref name="Taagepera1979" />
|1.3<ref name="Taagepera1979" />
|{{convert|1.3|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
|{{convert|1.3|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
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|[[Qajar Empire]]
|[[Qajar Empire]]
|{{Convert|{{#expr:0.5}}|mi2|km2|2|abbr=|disp=number}}
|{{Convert|{{#expr:0.5}}|mi2|km2|2|abbr=|disp=number}}
|0.50<ref name="Hughes1873">{{Cite book|last=Hughes|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3bovAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA175|title=A Class-book of Modern Geography: With Examination Questions|date=1873|publisher=G. Philip & Son|pages=175|language=en|quote=In size it is about 500,000 square miles|author-link=William Hughes (geographer)|access-date=2020-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200826013805/https://books.google.com/books?id=3bovAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA175#v=onepage&q&f=false|archive-date=2020-08-26|url-status=live}}</ref>
|0.50<ref name="Hughes1873">{{Cite book|last=Hughes|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3bovAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA175|title=A Class-book of Modern Geography: With Examination Questions|date=1873|publisher=G. Philip & Son|pages=175|language=en|quote=In size it is about 500,000 square miles|author-link=William Hughes (geographer)|access-date=2020-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200826013805/https://books.google.com/books?id=3bovAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA175|archive-date=2020-08-26|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{percent|{{Convert|0.5|mi2|km2|2|abbr=|disp=number}}|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
|{{percent|{{Convert|0.5|mi2|km2|2|abbr=|disp=number}}|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
|{{Date table sorting|1873}}<ref name="Hughes1873" />
|{{Date table sorting|1873}}<ref name="Hughes1873" />
Line 654: Line 654:
|{{Date table sorting|1120}}<ref name="Turchin2006" />
|{{Date table sorting|1120}}<ref name="Turchin2006" />
|-
|-
|[[Empire of Harsha]]
|[[Pushyabhuti dynasty]]
|1.0<ref name="Taagepera1997" /><ref name="Turchin2006" />
|1.0<ref name="Taagepera1997" /><ref name="Turchin2006" />
|{{convert|1.0|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
|{{convert|1.0|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
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|{{convert|0.45|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
|{{convert|0.45|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
|{{percent|0.45|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
|{{percent|0.45|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
|{{Date table sorting|-1250}}–{{Date table sorting|-1220}}<ref name="Taagepera1978" />
|{{Date table sorting|-1250}}{{Spaced en dash}}{{Date table sorting|-1220}}<ref name="Taagepera1978" />
|-
|-
|[[Xia dynasty]]
|[[Xia dynasty]]
Line 887: Line 887:
|{{percent|0.45|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
|{{percent|0.45|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
|{{Date table sorting|-1800}}<ref name="Taagepera1978" />
|{{Date table sorting|-1800}}<ref name="Taagepera1978" />
|-
|[[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]]
|0.4<ref name="Класика и стил">{{cite book |last1=Rashev |first1=Rasho |title=Българската езическа култура VII -IX в./Bulgarian Pagan Culture VII – IX cтр. 38 |language=bg |date=2008 |publisher=Класика и стил |isbn=9789543270392}}</ref>{{Request quotation|date=September 2022}}
|{{convert|0.4|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
|{{percent|0.4|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
|{{Date table sorting|850}}<ref name="Класика и стил">{{cite book |last1=Rashev |first1=Rasho |title=Българската езическа култура VII -IX в./Bulgarian Pagan Culture VII – IX cтр. 38 |language=bg |date=2008 |publisher=Класика и стил |isbn=9789543270392}}</ref>{{Request quotation|date=September 2022}}
|-
|-
|[[Kingdom of France (Middle Ages)]]
|[[Kingdom of France (Middle Ages)]]
Line 907: Line 913:
|-
|-
|[[Sokoto Caliphate]]
|[[Sokoto Caliphate]]
|0.4<ref name="Sokoto">{{Cite book|last=Wesseling|first=H. L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PdHMCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA93|title=The European Colonial Empires: 1815-1919|date=2015-10-23|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-89507-7|pages=93|language=en|quote=Islam spread quickly in Hausaland, which, after the jihad of 1804, was incorporated into the Sokoto Caliphate, a vast empire of 400,000 square kilometres.|author-link=Henk Wesseling|access-date=2020-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708001930/https://books.google.com/books?hl=sv&lr=&id=PdHMCgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA93#v=onepage&q&f=false|archive-date=2020-07-08|url-status=live}}</ref>
|0.4<ref name="Sokoto">{{Cite book|last=Wesseling|first=H. L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PdHMCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA93|title=The European Colonial Empires: 1815-1919|date=2015-10-23|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-89507-7|pages=93|language=en|quote=Islam spread quickly in Hausaland, which, after the jihad of 1804, was incorporated into the Sokoto Caliphate, a vast empire of 400,000 square kilometres.|author-link=Henk Wesseling|access-date=2020-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708001930/https://books.google.com/books?hl=sv&lr=&id=PdHMCgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA93|archive-date=2020-07-08|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{convert|0.4|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
|{{convert|0.4|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
|{{percent|0.4|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
|{{percent|0.4|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
Line 934: Line 940:
|{{convert|0.3|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
|{{convert|0.3|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
|{{percent|0.3|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
|{{percent|0.3|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
|{{Date table sorting|-1450}}–{{Date table sorting|-1375}}<ref name="Taagepera1978" />
|{{Date table sorting|-1450}}{{Spaced en dash}}{{Date table sorting|-1375}}<ref name="Taagepera1978" />
|-
|[[Ashanti Empire]]
|0.25<ref name="IlliffeAsante">{{Cite book |last=Iliffe |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dlHE51ScKTUC&pg=PA143 |title=Africans: The History of a Continent |date=1995-08-25 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-48422-0 |pages=143 |language=en |quote=At its peak around 1820 the empire embraced over 250,000 square kilometres [...] |author-link=John Iliffe (historian)}}</ref>
|{{convert|0.25|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
|{{percent|0.25|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
|{{Date table sorting|1820}}<ref name="IlliffeAsante" />
|-
|-
|[[First Babylonian Empire]]
|[[First Babylonian Empire]]
Line 1,018: Line 1,030:
|{{convert|0.1|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
|{{convert|0.1|km2|mi2|2|disp=number}}
|{{percent|0.1|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
|{{percent|0.1|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
|{{Date table sorting|-1750}}–{{Date table sorting|-1700}}<ref name="Taagepera1978" />
|{{Date table sorting|-1750}}{{Spaced en dash}}{{Date table sorting|-1700}}<ref name="Taagepera1978" />
|-
|-
|[[Neo-Sumerian Empire]]
|[[Neo-Sumerian Empire]]
Line 1,027: Line 1,039:
|-
|-
|[[Tarascan empire]]
|[[Tarascan empire]]
|0.075<ref name="Tarascan">{{Cite journal|last=Blanford|first=Adam Jared|date=2014|title=Rethinking Tarascan Political and Spatial Organization|url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/59c1/6f2a2864d85d403b223a9735015be38f4f10.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213021458/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/59c1/6f2a2864d85d403b223a9735015be38f4f10.pdf|archive-date=2020-02-13|access-date=2020-07-03|website=Anthropology Graduate Theses & Dissertations|publisher=[[University of Colorado Boulder]]|page=6|s2cid=147339315|quote=By A.D. 1450, the Tarascan ''Uacúsecha'' were leaders of an empire that spanned 75,000 square kilometers of west Mexico}}</ref>
|0.075<ref name="Tarascan">{{Cite thesis|last=Blanford|first=Adam Jared|date=2014|title=Rethinking Tarascan Political and Spatial Organization|type=PhD thesis|publisher=[[University of Colorado Boulder]]|page=6|s2cid=147339315|url=https://scholar.colorado.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/xw42n795p|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213021458/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/59c1/6f2a2864d85d403b223a9735015be38f4f10.pdf|archive-date=2020-02-13|access-date=2023-03-24|quote=By A.D. 1450, the Tarascan ''Uacúsecha'' were leaders of an empire that spanned 75,000 square kilometers of west Mexico}}</ref>
|{{convert|0.075|km2|mi2|2|disp=number|abbr=}}
|{{convert|0.075|km2|mi2|2|disp=number|abbr=}}
|{{percent|0.075|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
|{{percent|0.075|134.74|2|pad=yes}}
Line 1,133: Line 1,145:
|[[Old Kingdom of Egypt]]
|[[Old Kingdom of Egypt]]
|0.25–0.4
|0.25–0.4
|{{Date table sorting|-2800}} – {{Date table sorting|-2400}}
|{{Date table sorting|-2800}}{{Spaced en dash}}{{Date table sorting|-2400}}
|-
|-
|[[Akkadian Empire]]
|[[Akkadian Empire]]
|0.2–0.6
|0.2–0.6
|{{Date table sorting|-2300}}–{{Date table sorting|-2200}}
|{{Date table sorting|-2300}}{{Spaced en dash}}{{Date table sorting|-2200}}
|-
|-
|[[Indus Valley civilisation]]
|[[Indus Valley Civilisation]]
|0.15
|0.15
|{{Date table sorting|-2100}}
|{{Date table sorting|-2100}}
Line 1,145: Line 1,157:
|[[Middle Kingdom of Egypt]]
|[[Middle Kingdom of Egypt]]
|0.2–0.5
|0.2–0.5
|{{Date table sorting|-2000}} – {{Date table sorting|-1800}}
|{{Date table sorting|-2000}}{{Spaced en dash}}{{Date table sorting|-1800}}
|-
|-
|[[Xia dynasty]]
|[[Xia dynasty]]
Line 1,157: Line 1,169:
|[[New Kingdom of Egypt]]
|[[New Kingdom of Egypt]]
|0.65–1.0
|0.65–1.0
|{{Date table sorting|-1500}} – {{Date table sorting|-1300}}
|{{Date table sorting|-1500}}{{Spaced en dash}}{{Date table sorting|-1300}}
|-
|-
|[[Shang dynasty]]
|[[Shang dynasty]]
|0.9–1.1
|0.9–1.1
|{{Date table sorting|-1250}} – {{Date table sorting|-1150}}
|{{Date table sorting|-1250}}{{Spaced en dash}}{{Date table sorting|-1150}}
|-
|-
|[[New Kingdom of Egypt]]
|[[New Kingdom of Egypt]]
|0.5–0.6
|0.5–0.6
|{{Date table sorting|-1100}} – {{Date table sorting|-1050}}
|{{Date table sorting|-1100}}{{Spaced en dash}}{{Date table sorting|-1050}}
|-
|-
|[[Zhou dynasty]]
|[[Zhou dynasty]]
|0.35–0.45
|0.35–0.45
|{{Date table sorting|-1000}} – {{Date table sorting|-900}}
|{{Date table sorting|-1000}}{{Spaced en dash}}{{Date table sorting|-900}}
|-
|-
|[[Neo-Assyrian Empire]]
|[[Neo-Assyrian Empire]]
|0.4–1.4
|0.4–1.4
|{{Date table sorting|-850}} – {{Date table sorting|-650}}
|{{Date table sorting|-850}}{{Spaced en dash}}{{Date table sorting|-650}}
|-
|-
|[[Median Empire]]{{efn|group=Table3|More recent reassessment of the historical evidence, both archaeological and textual, has led modern scholars to question previous notions of the extent of the realm of the Medes and even its existence as a unified state.<ref name="MediaAndItsDiscontents" /> If the largest empire in the year 600 BC was not the Median Empire, it was [[Late Period of ancient Egypt|Late Egypt]] with an area of 0.55 million km<sup>2</sup>.}}
|[[Median Empire]]{{efn|group=Table3|More recent reassessment of the historical evidence, both archaeological and textual, has led modern scholars to question previous notions of the extent of the realm of the Medes and even its existence as a unified state.<ref name="MediaAndItsDiscontents" /> If the largest empire in the year 600 BC was not the Median Empire, it was [[Late Period of ancient Egypt|Late Egypt]] with an area of 0.55 million km<sup>2</sup>.}}
Line 1,181: Line 1,193:
|[[Achaemenid Empire]]
|[[Achaemenid Empire]]
|2.5–5.5
|2.5–5.5
|{{Date table sorting|-550}} – {{Date table sorting|-350}}
|{{Date table sorting|-550}}{{Spaced en dash}}{{Date table sorting|-350}}
|-
|-
|[[Macedonian Empire]]
|[[Macedonian Empire]]
Line 1,205: Line 1,217:
|[[Han dynasty]]
|[[Han dynasty]]
|4.2–6.5
|4.2–6.5
|{{Date table sorting|-100}} – {{Date table sorting|200}} AD
|{{Date table sorting|-100}}{{Spaced en dash}}{{Date table sorting|200}} AD
|-
|-
|[[Roman Empire]]
|[[Roman Empire]]
Line 1,239: Line 1,251:
|{{Date table sorting|750}}–{{Date table sorting|800}}
|{{Date table sorting|750}}–{{Date table sorting|800}}
|-
|-
|[[Tibetan Empire]]
|Tibet
|2.5–4.7
|2.5–4.7
|{{Date table sorting|850}}–{{Date table sorting|950}}
|{{Date table sorting|850}}–{{Date table sorting|950}}
Line 1,251: Line 1,263:
|{{Date table sorting|1050}}–{{Date table sorting|1100}}
|{{Date table sorting|1050}}–{{Date table sorting|1100}}
|-
|-
|[[Tibetan Empire]]
|Tibet
|2.5
|2.5
|{{Date table sorting|1150}}
|{{Date table sorting|1150}}
Line 1,310: Line 1,322:
|{{Date table sorting|1800}}
|{{Date table sorting|1800}}
|-
|-
|[[Northern Song Dynasty]]
|[[Northern Song dynasty]]
|33
|33
|{{Date table sorting|1100}}
|{{Date table sorting|1100}}
Line 1,405: Line 1,417:
|12
|12
|{{Date table sorting|1943}}
|{{Date table sorting|1943}}
|-
|[[Kushan Empire]]
|11
|{{Date table sorting|200}}
|-
|[[Pala Empire]]
|11
|{{Date table sorting|800}}
|-
|[[Later Zhao]]
|10
|{{Date table sorting|330}}
|}
|}


Line 1,435: Line 1,435:
[[Category:Lists by area|Empires]]
[[Category:Lists by area|Empires]]
[[Category:Lists of countries by geography|Empires, largest]]
[[Category:Lists of countries by geography|Empires, largest]]
[[Category:History-related lists of superlatives]]
[[Category:History-related lists of superlatives|Empires]]
[[Category:Largest things]]
[[Category:Largest things]]
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