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{{Infobox spaceflight | {{Infobox spaceflight | ||
| name = Chandrayaan-3 | | name = Chandrayaan-3 | ||
| image = | | image = https://hindizoom.com/chandrayaan-3-launch-live/ | ||
| image_caption = | | image_caption = https://hindizoom.com/chandrayaan-3-launch-live/ | ||
| image_size = | | image_size = | ||
| mission_type = [[Moon|Lunar]] [[Lunar lander|lander]], [[Lunar rover|rover]], [[Propulsion]] Module | | mission_type = [[Moon|Lunar]] [[Lunar lander|lander]], [[Lunar rover|rover]], [[Propulsion]] Module | ||
| operator = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) | | operator = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) | ||
| website = {{url|https:// | | COSPAR_ID = | ||
| mission_duration = | | SATCAT = | ||
| website = {{url|https://hindizoom.com/chandrayaan-3-launch-live/}} | |||
| mission_duration = * ''[[Vikram (spacecraft)|Vikram]]'' lander: ≤ 14 days (planned) <br/> | |||
* ''[[Pragyan (rover)|Pragyan]] rover: ≤ 14 days (planned)(equal to one lunar day as the equipment works on solar energy)https://hindizoom.com/chandrayaan-3-launch-live/ | |||
| spacecraft_type = | | spacecraft_type = | ||
| spacecraft_bus = Chandrayaan | | spacecraft_bus = Chandrayaan | ||
| manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) | | manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) | ||
| launch_mass = | | launch_mass = 3900 kg | ||
| payload_mass = Propulsion Module: 2148 kg | | payload_mass = Propulsion Module: 2148 kg <br/> Lander Module (Vikram): 1752 kg including Rover (Pragyan) of 26 kg <br/> Total: 3900 kg | ||
| dimensions = <!--{{convert| |x| | | |abbr=on}}--> | | dimensions = <!--{{convert| |x| | | |abbr=on}}--> | ||
| power = | | power = Propulsion Module: 758 W Lander Module: 738W, WS with Bias Rover: 50W | ||
| launch_date = | | launch_date = {{start-date|14 July 2023}} 14:35 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], (9:05 [[UTC]])<ref name="scheduled launch">{{Cite news|title=ISRO to launch moon mission Chandrayaan-3 on July 14. Check details|date=2023-07-06 |url=https://hindizoom.com/chandrayaan-3-launch-live/ |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> | ||
|date=2023- | | launch_rocket = [[LVM3]] M4 | ||
| launch_rocket = [[ | |||
| launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] | | launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] | ||
| launch_contractor = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) | | launch_contractor = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] ([[ISRO]]) | ||
| interplanetary = {{Infobox spaceflight/IP | | interplanetary = {{Infobox spaceflight/IP | ||
| type = lander | | type = lander | ||
| object = [[Moon]] | | object = [[Moon]] | ||
| component = [[Rover (space exploration)|Rover]] | | component = [[Rover (space exploration)|Rover]] | ||
| arrival_date = 23 August 2023<ref name="launch date | | arrival_date = 23 August 2023<ref name="Landing date">{{Cite news|date=2023-07-06|title=Chandrayaan-3 launch on July 14; August 23-24 preferred landing dates |url=https://hindizoom.com/chandrayaan-3-launch-live/ |access-date=2023-07-07|website=THE TIMES OF INDIA}}</ref> | ||
| location | | location = 69.367621 S, 32.348126 E<ref name="Landing site">{{cite web |title=Mission homepage |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_New.html |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
| programme = [[Chandrayaan programme]] | | programme = [[Chandrayaan programme]] | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Chandrayaan-3''' | '''Chandrayaan-3''' ({{trans|"mooncraft"}};<ref>[[Monier Monier-Williams]], ''A Sanskrit-English Dictionary'' (1899): ''[[Chandra|candra]]'': "[...] m. the moon (also personified as a deity Mn. &c)" ''yāna'': "[...] n. a vehicle of any kind , carriage , wagon , vessel , ship , [...]"</ref><ref name="CY2_FAQ2">{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/chandrayaan2-faq|title=Chandrayaan-2 FAQ|access-date=24 August 2019|quote=The name Chandrayaan means "Chandra- Moon, Yaan-vehicle", – in Indian languages (Sanskrit and Hindi), – the lunar spacecraft|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629122319/https://www.isro.gov.in/chandrayaan2-faq|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{audio|Chandrayaan.ogg|pronunciation}}) is the third [https://hindizoom.com/chandrayaan-3-launch-live/ lunar exploration] mission by the [https://hindizoom.com/chandrayaan-3-launch-live/ Indian Space Research Organisation] (ISRO).<ref>{{cite web|title=Press Meet - Briefing by Dr. K. Sivan, Chairman, ISRO|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/01-jan-2020/press-meet-briefing-dr-k-sivan-chairman-isro|website=isro.gov.in|date=2020-01-01|access-date=2020-01-03|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005155551/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/01-jan-2020/press-meet-briefing-dr-k-sivan-chairman-isro|url-status=dead}}</ref> It consists of a lander and a rover similar to [https://hindizoom.com/chandrayaan-3-launch-live/ Chandrayaan-2], but does not have an orbiter. Its propulsion module behaves like a communication relay satellite. The propulsion module carries the lander and rover configuration until the spacecraft is in a 100 km lunar orbit.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=2 January 2020 |title=Chandrayaan-3 to cost Rs 615 crore, launch could stretch to 2021 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-to-cost-rs-615--crore-launch-could-stretch-to-2021/articleshow/73055941.cms |access-date=3 January 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN3}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Chandrayaan-3 | [[File:LVM3 M4, Chandrayaan-3 - Launch vehicle at the Second Launch Pad (SLP) of SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota 06.webp|thumb|LVM3 M4, Chandrayaan-3 - Launch vehicle at the Second Launch Pad (SLP) of SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota]] | ||
Following [https://hindizoom.com/chandrayaan-3-launch-live/ Chandrayaan-2], where a last-minute software glitch in the [https://hindizoom.com/chandrayaan-3-launch-live/ soft landing] guidance software led to the failure of the lander's soft landing attempt after a successful orbital insertion, another lunar mission was proposed.<ref name="Failure report">{{cite news|last=Guptan|first=Mahesh|title=How did Chandrayaan 2 fail? ISRO finally has the answer|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2019/11/16/how-did-chandrayaan-2-fail-isro-answer.html|newspaper=The Week|date=2019-11-16|access-date=2020-01-03}}</ref> | |||
The | The launch of Chandrayaan-3 took place at July 14, 2023, at 2:35 pm IST.<ref name="ISRO_Chandrayaan3">{{cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html |website=www.isro.gov.in |access-date=14 July 2023}}</ref> | ||
== Background/History == | |||
In the second phase of the [[Chandrayaan programme]] to demonstrate soft landing on the Moon, ISRO launched [[Chandrayaan-2]] on board a [[LVM 3 | Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM 3)]] [[launch vehicle]] consisting of an orbiter, a lander and a rover. The lander was scheduled to touchdown on the lunar surface in September 2019 to deploy the [[Pragyan (rover)|Pragyan rover]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-2-launch-put-off-india-israel-in-lunar-race-for-4th-position/articleshow/65275012.cms|title=Chandrayaan-2 launch put off: India, Israel in lunar race for 4th position|newspaper=The Times of India |first=Surendra|last=Singh|date=5 August 2018|access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/ISRO-chief-signals-Indias-readiness-for-Chandrayaan-II-mission/articleshow/51178528.cms|title=ISRO chief signals India's readiness for Chandrayaan II mission|newspaper=The Times of India|first=Jaideep|last=Shenoy|date=28 February 2016|access-date=2020-01-03}}</ref> | In the second phase of the [[Chandrayaan programme]] to demonstrate soft landing on the Moon, ISRO launched [[Chandrayaan-2]] on board a [[LVM 3 | Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM 3)]] [[launch vehicle]] consisting of an orbiter, a lander and a rover. The lander was scheduled to touchdown on the lunar surface in September 2019 to deploy the [[Pragyan (rover)|Pragyan rover]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-2-launch-put-off-india-israel-in-lunar-race-for-4th-position/articleshow/65275012.cms|title=Chandrayaan-2 launch put off: India, Israel in lunar race for 4th position|newspaper=The Times of India |first=Surendra|last=Singh|date=5 August 2018|access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/ISRO-chief-signals-Indias-readiness-for-Chandrayaan-II-mission/articleshow/51178528.cms|title=ISRO chief signals India's readiness for Chandrayaan II mission|newspaper=The Times of India|first=Jaideep|last=Shenoy|date=28 February 2016|access-date=2020-01-03}}</ref> | ||
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== Objective== | == Objective== | ||
ISRO has set three main objectives for the Chandrayaan-3 mission, which | ISRO has set three main objectives for the Chandrayaan-3 mission, which includes: | ||
#Getting a lander safe and soft landing on the surface of the Moon. | |||
#Observing and demonstrating the rover’s loitering capabilities on the Moon | |||
#In-site scientific observation making scientific experiments on the chemical and natural elements, soil, water, etc. available on the surface of the Moon to better understand and practice the composition of the Moon. Interplanetary refers to the development and demonstration of new technologies required for missions between two planets.{{cn|date=July 2023}} | |||
== Design == | |||
[[File:Chandrayaan-3 Integrated Module - Views.webp|thumb|Chandrayaan-3 Integrated Module - Views]] | |||
Chandrayaan-3 comprises three main components | |||
'''Propulsion Module''' | |||
[[File:Chandrayaan-3 Propulsion Module.webp|thumb|Chandrayaan-3 Propulsion Module]] | |||
The propulsion module will carry the lander and rover configuration till 100 km lunar orbit. It is a box-like structure with one large solar panel mounted on one side and a large cylinder on top (the Intermodular Adapter Cone) that acts as a mounting structure for the lander. In addition to the lander, the module carries a payload called Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) to study the spectral and polarimetric measurements of Earth from the lunar orbit.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> | |||
'''Lander''' | |||
[[File:Chandrayaan-3 Lander.webp|thumb|Chandrayaan-3 Lander]] | |||
The lander is responsible for the soft landing on the Moon. It is also box-shaped, with four landing legs and four landing thrusters of 800 newtons each. It will carry the rover and various scientific instruments to perform in-site analysis. | |||
The lander for Chandrayaan-3 will have only four throttle-able engines,<ref>{{cite web |last=Agrawal |first=Mayank |date=July 14, 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3 Rover: A New Mission to Explore the Moon |url=https://examtiper.com/chandrayaan-3-rover-a-new-mission-to-explore-moon/ |url-status=live |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=Examtiper}}</ref> unlike ''[[Vikram (spacecraft)|Vikram]]'' on Chandrayaan-2 which had five 800 [[Newton (unit)|Newtons]] engines with a fifth one being centrally mounted with a fixed thrust. Additionally, the Chandrayaan-3 lander will be equipped with a [[Laser Doppler velocimetry|Laser Doppler Velocimeter]] (LDV).<ref>{{cite news|title=Chandrayaan-3 plans indicate failures in Chandrayaan-2|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-plans-indicate-failures-in-chandrayaan-2/articleshow/72128771.cms|last=Kumar|first=Chethan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121090445/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-plans-indicate-failures-in-chandrayaan-2/articleshow/72128771.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=19 November 2019 |archive-date=21 November 2019|access-date=15 September 2020}}</ref> The impact legs are made stronger compared to Chandrayaan-2 and increased instrumentation redundancy. ISRO is working on improving the structural rigidity and adding multiple contingency systems.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Shaurya |date=2022-10-21 |title=Chandrayaan-3 To Be More Robust, Have Contingency Systems Onboard, Says ISRO Chief |url=https://www.news18.com/news/tech/chandrayaan-3-to-be-more-robust-have-contingency-systems-onboard-says-isro-chief-6216451.html |access-date=2022-10-22 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
'''Rover''' | |||
[[File:Chandrayaan-3 Rover.webp|thumb|Chandrayaan-3 Rover]]''Chandrayaan-3 Rover Overview:'' | |||
* Six-wheeled design | |||
* Weight of 26 kilograms (57 pounds) | |||
* Range of 500 meters (1,640 feet) | |||
* Scientific instruments including cameras, spectrometers, and a drill | |||
* Expected lifespan of one [[lunar day]] (14 Earth days) | |||
* Communication with the lander and ground control team in India | |||
The Chandrayaan-3 Rover is expected to make a number of important scientific discoveries, including: | |||
* The composition of the lunar surface | |||
* The presence of water ice in the lunar soil | |||
* The history of lunar impacts | |||
* The evolution of the Moon’s atmosphere | |||
The Chandrayaan-3 Rover is a major step forward for India’s space program. It is a testament to the country’s growing technological capabilities, and it is sure to make significant contributions to our understanding of the Moon. | |||
3 | ==Mission profile== | ||
{{multiple image | |||
| align = center | |||
| direction = horizontal | |||
| width = 350px | |||
| header = Animation of Chandrayaan-3 | |||
| image1 = Animation of Chandrayaan-3 around Earth.gif | |||
| caption1 = Around the Earth | |||
| image2 = Animation of Chandrayaan-3 around Moon.gif | |||
| caption2 = Around the Moon | |||
| footer = {{legend2|Magenta| Chandrayaan-3}}{{·}}{{legend2| RoyalBlue| Earth}}{{·}}{{legend2|Lime| Moon}} | |||
}} | |||
== | === Mission life === | ||
Carrying Lander Module & Rover upto ~100 x 100 km launch injection. Subsequently, operation of experimental payload for a period of 3 to 6 months. | |||
== Funding == | == Funding == | ||