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14th Dalai Lama: Difference between revisions
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== Early life and background == | == Early life and background == | ||
Lhamo Thondup<ref>{{cite book |title = The Noodle Maker of Kalimpong: The Untold Story of My Struggle for Tibet |last1 = Thondup |first1 = Gyalo |last2 = Thurston |first2= Anne F. |publisher = [[Random House]] Publishers India Private Limited |year = 2015 |isbn = 978-81-8400-387-1 |location = [[Gurgaon]] |page = 20 |quote =Lama Thubten named my new brother Lhamo Thondup.}}</ref> was born on 6 July 1935 to a farming and horse trading family in the small hamlet of [[Taktser]],{{Efn|At the time of Tenzin Gyatso's birth, Taktser was a town located in the Chinese province of [[Tsinghai]] (Qinghai) and was controlled by [[Ma Lin (warlord)|Ma Lin]], a warlord allied with [[Chiang Kai-shek]] and appointed as governor of Qinghai Province by the [[Kuomintang]].<ref name="Laird" /><ref>Li, T.T. ''Historical Status of Tibet'', [[Columbia University Press]], p. 179.</ref><ref>Bell, Charles, "''Portrait of the Dalai Lama''", p. 399.</ref><ref>Goldstein, Melvyn C. Goldstein, ''A history of modern Tibet'', pp. 315–317.</ref>}} or Chija Tagtser<ref>''A 60-Point Commentary on the Chinese Government Publication: A Collection of Historical Archives of Tibet'', DIIR Publications, Dharamsala, November 2008: "Chija Tagtser born holy precious child Lhamo Dhondup ... the holy reincarnate child in Chija Tagtser."</ref>{{efn|{{zh |s = 红崖村 |p = Hóngyá Cūn |l = Redcliff Village }}}} | Lhamo Thondup<ref>{{cite book |title = The Noodle Maker of Kalimpong: The Untold Story of My Struggle for Tibet |last1 = Thondup |first1 = Gyalo |last2 = Thurston |first2= Anne F. |publisher = [[Random House]] Publishers India Private Limited |year = 2015 |isbn = 978-81-8400-387-1 |location = [[Gurgaon]] |page = 20 |quote =Lama Thubten named my new brother Lhamo Thondup.}}</ref> was born on 6 July 1935 to a farming and horse trading family in the small hamlet of [[Taktser]],{{Efn|At the time of Tenzin Gyatso's birth, Taktser was a town located in the Chinese province of [[Tsinghai]] (Qinghai) and was controlled by [[Ma Lin (warlord)|Ma Lin]], a warlord allied with [[Chiang Kai-shek]] and appointed as governor of Qinghai Province by the [[Kuomintang]].<ref name="Laird" /><ref>Li, T.T. ''Historical Status of Tibet'', [[Columbia University Press]], p. 179.</ref><ref>Bell, Charles, "''Portrait of the Dalai Lama''", p. 399.</ref><ref>Goldstein, Melvyn C. Goldstein, ''A history of modern Tibet'', pp. 315–317.</ref>}} or Chija Tagtser,<ref>''A 60-Point Commentary on the Chinese Government Publication: A Collection of Historical Archives of Tibet'', DIIR Publications, Dharamsala, November 2008: "Chija Tagtser born holy precious child Lhamo Dhondup ... the holy reincarnate child in Chija Tagtser."</ref>{{efn|{{zh |s = 红崖村 |p = Hóngyá Cūn |l = Redcliff Village }}}} at the edge of the traditional Tibetan region of [[Amdo]] in [[Qinghai Province]].<ref name="Laird">Thomas Laird, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=As_4aQjGaUEC The Story of Tibet. Conversations with the Dalai Lama]'', [[Grove Press]]: New York, 2006.</ref> | ||
He was one of seven siblings to survive childhood and one of the three supposed reincarnated Rinpoches in the same family. His eldest sister [[Tsering Dolma]], was sixteen years his senior and was midwife to his mother at his birth.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The 14th Dalai Lama|last=Stewart|first=Whitney|date=2000|publisher=Lerner Publications Co|isbn=0-8225-9691-1|location=Minneapolis|oclc=44627126}}</ref> She would accompany him into exile and found [[Tibetan Children's Villages]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Kundun : une biographie du Dalaï-Lama et de sa famille|last=Craig|first=Mary|date=1998|publisher=Presses du Châtelet|others=Bstan-ʼdzin-rgya-mtsho, Dalai Lama XIV, 1935–, Vidonne, François|isbn=2-911217-33-0|location=[S.l.]|oclc=40821251}}</ref> His eldest brother, [[Thupten Jigme Norbu]], had been recognised at the age of three by the [[13th Dalai Lama]] as the reincarnation of the high [[Lama]], the 6th [[Taktser Rinpoche]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Gittings|first=John|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/08/tibet|title=Obituary:Thubten Jigme Norbu|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=7 September 2008|access-date=13 October 2021|archive-date=10 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810130435/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/08/tibet|url-status=live}}</ref> His fifth brother, [[Tendzin Choegyal]], had been recognised as the 16th Ngari Rinpoche.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} His sister, [[Jetsun Pema (activist)|Jetsun Pema]], spent most of her adult life on the Tibetan Children's Villages project.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} The Dalai Lama has said that his first language was "a broken [[Xining]] language which was (a [[varieties of Chinese|dialect of]]) the [[Central Plains Mandarin|Chinese language]]", a form of [[Central Plains Mandarin]], and his family speak neither [[Amdo Tibetan]] nor [[Lhasa Tibetan]].<ref>Thomas Laird, [https://books.google.com/books?id=NH5vuMA7LYcC ''The Story of Tibet: Conversations With the Dalai Lama''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301214917/https://books.google.com/books?id=NH5vuMA7LYcC |date=1 March 2020 }}, p. 262 (2007) "At that time in my village", he said, "we spoke a broken Chinese. As a child, I spoke Chinese first, but it was a broken Xining language which was (a dialect of) the Chinese language." "So your first language", I responded, "was a broken Chinese regional dialect, which we might call Xining Chinese. It was not Tibetan. You learned Tibetan when you came to Lhasa." "Yes", he answered, "that is correct{{nbsp}}..."</ref><ref>{{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ub8aAQAAMAAJ |title = The economist, Volume 390, Issues 8618–8624 |year = 2009 |publisher = Economist Newspaper Ltd. |page = 144 |access-date = 14 August 2015 |archive-date = 3 January 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200103010505/https://books.google.com/books?id=ub8aAQAAMAAJ |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>[http://www.economist.com/node/13184937 Politically incorrect tourism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306053755/http://www.economist.com/node/13184937 |date=6 March 2016 }}, ''The Economist'', 26 February 2009: "When the Dalai Lama was born, the region, regarded by Tibetans as part of Amdo, a province of their historic homeland, was under the control of a Muslim warlord, Ma Bufang. The Dalai Lama and his family didn't learn Tibetan until they moved to Lhasa in 1939."</ref> | He was one of seven siblings to survive childhood and one of the three supposed reincarnated Rinpoches in the same family. His eldest sister [[Tsering Dolma]], was sixteen years his senior and was midwife to his mother at his birth.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The 14th Dalai Lama|last=Stewart|first=Whitney|date=2000|publisher=Lerner Publications Co|isbn=0-8225-9691-1|location=Minneapolis|oclc=44627126}}</ref> She would accompany him into exile and found [[Tibetan Children's Villages]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Kundun : une biographie du Dalaï-Lama et de sa famille|last=Craig|first=Mary|date=1998|publisher=Presses du Châtelet|others=Bstan-ʼdzin-rgya-mtsho, Dalai Lama XIV, 1935–, Vidonne, François|isbn=2-911217-33-0|location=[S.l.]|oclc=40821251}}</ref> His eldest brother, [[Thupten Jigme Norbu]], had been recognised at the age of three by the [[13th Dalai Lama]] as the reincarnation of the high [[Lama]], the 6th [[Taktser Rinpoche]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Gittings|first=John|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/08/tibet|title=Obituary:Thubten Jigme Norbu|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=7 September 2008|access-date=13 October 2021|archive-date=10 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810130435/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/08/tibet|url-status=live}}</ref> His fifth brother, [[Tendzin Choegyal]], had been recognised as the 16th Ngari Rinpoche.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} His sister, [[Jetsun Pema (activist)|Jetsun Pema]], spent most of her adult life on the Tibetan Children's Villages project.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} The Dalai Lama has said that his first language was "a broken [[Xining]] language which was (a [[varieties of Chinese|dialect of]]) the [[Central Plains Mandarin|Chinese language]]", a form of [[Central Plains Mandarin]], and his family speak neither [[Amdo Tibetan]] nor [[Lhasa Tibetan]].<ref>Thomas Laird, [https://books.google.com/books?id=NH5vuMA7LYcC ''The Story of Tibet: Conversations With the Dalai Lama''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301214917/https://books.google.com/books?id=NH5vuMA7LYcC |date=1 March 2020 }}, p. 262 (2007) "At that time in my village", he said, "we spoke a broken Chinese. As a child, I spoke Chinese first, but it was a broken Xining language which was (a dialect of) the Chinese language." "So your first language", I responded, "was a broken Chinese regional dialect, which we might call Xining Chinese. It was not Tibetan. You learned Tibetan when you came to Lhasa." "Yes", he answered, "that is correct{{nbsp}}..."</ref><ref>{{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ub8aAQAAMAAJ |title = The economist, Volume 390, Issues 8618–8624 |year = 2009 |publisher = Economist Newspaper Ltd. |page = 144 |access-date = 14 August 2015 |archive-date = 3 January 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200103010505/https://books.google.com/books?id=ub8aAQAAMAAJ |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>[http://www.economist.com/node/13184937 Politically incorrect tourism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306053755/http://www.economist.com/node/13184937 |date=6 March 2016 }}, ''The Economist'', 26 February 2009: "When the Dalai Lama was born, the region, regarded by Tibetans as part of Amdo, a province of their historic homeland, was under the control of a Muslim warlord, Ma Bufang. The Dalai Lama and his family didn't learn Tibetan until they moved to Lhasa in 1939."</ref> | ||
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=== Personal meditation practice === | === Personal meditation practice === | ||
The Dalai Lama uses various [[meditation]] techniques, including analytic meditation and [[Śūnyatā# | The Dalai Lama uses various [[meditation]] techniques, including analytic meditation and [[Śūnyatā#Tibetan Buddhism|emptiness meditation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tibet.net/dalai-lama-on-analytic-meditation-and-how-it-helps-cultivate-positivity/|title=Dalai Lama on Analytic Meditation And How It Helps Cultivate Positivity|date=February 2017|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328161317/https://tibet.net/dalai-lama-on-analytic-meditation-and-how-it-helps-cultivate-positivity/|url-status=live}}</ref> He has said that the aim of meditation is {{blockquote|"to maintain a very full state of alertness and mindfulness, and then try to see the natural state of your consciousness."<ref>{{cite web |url = https://hackspirit.com/dalai-lama-reveals-practice-meditation-properly/ |title = The Dalai Lama Reveals How to Practice Meditation Properly – Hack Spirit |date = 3 May 2017 |access-date = 8 May 2018 |archive-date = 15 April 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210415013407/https://hackspirit.com/dalai-lama-reveals-practice-meditation-properly/ |url-status = live }}</ref> “All human beings have an innate desire to overcome suffering, to find happiness. Training the mind to think differently, through meditation, is one important way to avoid suffering and be happy."<ref>{{cite web |title=The Dalai Lama and Scientists Unite to Study Meditation |url=https://centerhealthyminds.org/news/the-dalai-lama-and-scientists-unite-to-study-meditation |website=centerhealthyminds.org |publisher=Center for Healthy Minds University of Wisconsin–Madison |access-date=17 October 2022}}</ref>}} | ||
== Social stances == | == Social stances == | ||
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{{#seo: | {{#seo: | ||
|keywords=1935 births, 20th-century lamas, 20th-century philosophers, 20th-century Tibetan people, 21st-century philosophers, 21st-century Tibetan people, Buddhist and Christian interfaith dialogue, Buddhist socialism, Buddhist feminists, Buddhist monks from Tibet, Buddhist pacifists, Scholars of Buddhism from Tibet, Civil rights activists, Dorje Shugden controversy, Living people, Male feminists, Tibetan Marxists, Marxist feminists, Congressional Gold Medal recipients, Nautilus Book Award winners, Nobel Peace Prize laureates, Nobel laureates of the People's Republic of China, Vice Chairpersons of the National People's Congress, Nonviolence advocates, People from Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, People from Ping'an, Ramon Magsaysay Award winners, Recipients of the Four Freedoms Award, Tibetan activists, Tibetan dissidents, Tibetan Buddhists from Tibet, Tibet freedom activists, Tibetan feminists, Tibetan pacifists, Templeton Prize laureates, People associated with animal welfare and rights, 21st-century Buddhist monks, 21st-century lamas, Tibetan refugees, Tibetan emigrants to India, World War II political leaders | |keywords=1935 births, 20th-century lamas, 20th-century philosophers, 20th-century Tibetan people, 21st-century philosophers, 21st-century Tibetan people, Buddhist and Christian interfaith dialogue, Buddhist socialism, Buddhist feminists, Buddhist monks from Tibet, Buddhist pacifists, Scholars of Buddhism from Tibet, Civil rights activists, Dorje Shugden controversy, Living people, Male feminists, Tibetan Marxists, Marxist feminists, Congressional Gold Medal recipients, Nautilus Book Award winners, Nobel Peace Prize laureates, Nobel laureates of the People's Republic of China, Vice Chairpersons of the National People's Congress, Nonviolence advocates, People from Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, People from Ping'an, Ramon Magsaysay Award winners, Recipients of the Four Freedoms Award, Tibetan activists, Tibetan dissidents, Tibetan Buddhists from Tibet, Tibet freedom activists, Tibetan feminists, Tibetan pacifists, Templeton Prize laureates, People associated with animal welfare and rights, 21st-century Buddhist monks, 21st-century lamas, Tibetan refugees, Tibetan emigrants to India, World War II political leaders | ||
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