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SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant (edit)

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{{Short description|COVID-19 virus variant}}
{{Short description|Variant of SARS-CoV-2}}
{{For|lineage B.1.617.2|SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant}}
{{For|lineage B.1.617.2|SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
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{{COVID-19 pandemic sidebar|expanded=}}
{{COVID-19 pandemic sidebar|expanded=}}


'''Kappa variant'''<ref name=WHO1>{{Cite web|title=Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants|url=https://www.who.int/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants|access-date=2021-06-05|website=www.who.int|language=en|date=2021-05-31}}</ref> is a [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2|variant]] of [[SARS-CoV-2]], the [[virus]] that causes [[COVID-19]]. It is one of the three sublineages of Pango [[SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617|lineage B.1.617]]. The SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant is also known as '''lineage B.1.617.1''' and was first detected in India in December 2020.<ref name="WHO 27April">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20210427_weekly_epi_update_37.pdf?sfvrsn=a1ab459c_9&download=true|title=Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 - 27 April 2021|date=27 April 2021 |website=World Health Organization|access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref> By the end of March 2021, the Kappa sub-variant accounted for more than half of the sequences being submitted from India.<ref>{{cite news |last=Le Page |first=Michael |date=4 June 2021 |title=Indian covid-19 variant (B.1.617) |url=https://www.newscientist.com/definition/indian-covid-19-variant-b-1-617/ |work=[[New Scientist]] |access-date=2021-06-08}}</ref> On 1 April 2021, it was designated a Variant Under Investigation ('''VUI-21APR-01''') by Public Health England.<ref>{{cite report |author=<!--Not stated--> |title=SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England&nbsp;-&nbsp;Technical briefing 10 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/984274/Variants_of_Concern_VOC_Technical_Briefing_10_England.pdf |location=London |agency=[[Public Health England]] |date=7 May 2021 |access-date=2021-06-05 |quote=''A variant first detected in India was designated under investigation on 1 April 2021 as VUI-21APR-01 (B.1.617.1).''|language=en}} {{OGL-attribution|version=3.0}}</ref>
'''Kappa variant'''<ref name=WHO1>{{Cite web|title=Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants|url=https://www.who.int/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants|access-date=2021-06-05|website=www.who.int|language=en|date=2021-05-31}}</ref> is a [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2|variant]] of [[SARS-CoV-2]], the [[virus]] that causes [[COVID-19]]. It is one of the three sublineages of Pango [[SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617|lineage B.1.617]]. The SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant is also known as '''lineage B.1.617.1''' and was first detected in India in December 2020.<ref name="WHO 27April">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20210427_weekly_epi_update_37.pdf?sfvrsn=a1ab459c_9&download=true|title=Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 - 27 April 2021|date=27 April 2021 |website=World Health Organization|access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref> By the end of March 2021, the Kappa sub-variant accounted for more than half of the sequences being submitted from India.<ref>{{cite news |last=Le Page |first=Michael |date=4 June 2021 |title=Indian covid-19 variant (B.1.617) |url=https://www.newscientist.com/definition/indian-covid-19-variant-b-1-617/ |work=[[New Scientist]] |access-date=2021-06-08}}</ref> On 1 April 2021, it was designated a Variant Under Investigation ('''VUI-21APR-01''') by Public Health England.<ref> It was considered a previously circulating variant of interest by the World Health Organization on March 2022.{{cite report |author=<!--Not stated--> |title=SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England&nbsp;-&nbsp;Technical briefing 10 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/984274/Variants_of_Concern_VOC_Technical_Briefing_10_England.pdf |location=London |agency=[[Public Health England]] |date=7 May 2021 |access-date=2021-06-05 |quote=''A variant first detected in India was designated under investigation on 1 April 2021 as VUI-21APR-01 (B.1.617.1).''|language=en}} {{OGL-attribution|version=3.0}}</ref>


==Mutations==
==Mutations==
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{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible autocollapse" align="right" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible autocollapse" align="right" style="text-align: center;"
  |+ {{nowrap|Defining mutations in<br />SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant{{Break}} }}
  |+ {{nowrap|Defining mutations in<br />SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant{{Break}} }}
  ! [[Gene]]  
  ! [[Gene]]
  ! [[Nucleotide]]<ref name="PHE9" />
  ! [[Nucleotide]]<ref name="PHE9" />
  ! [[Amino acid]]<ref name="PHE9" /><ref name="Nextstrain1" />
  ! [[Amino acid]]<ref name="PHE9" /><ref name="Nextstrain1" />
  |-
  |-
  !rowspan="10"|  [[Open reading frame|ORF1ab]]
  !rowspan="10"|  [[ORF1ab]]
  | C3457T || -
  | C3457T || -  
  |-
  |-
  | C4957T || T1567I
  | C4957T || T1567I  
  |-
  |-
  | A11201G || T3646A
  | A11201G || T3646A  
  |-
  |-
  | G17523T || M5753I
  | G17523T || M5753I  
  |-
  |-
  | A20396G || K6711R
  | A20396G || K6711R  
  |-
  |-
  |  || P314L
  |  || P314L  
  |-
  |-
  |  || G1129C
  |  || G1129C
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  |-
  |-
  !rowspan="7"|  [[coronavirus spike protein|Spike]]
  !rowspan="7"|  [[coronavirus spike protein|Spike]]
  | T21895C ||  -
  | T21895C ||  -  
  |-
  |-
  | T21895C || E154K
  | T21895C || E154K
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  | T22917G || L452R
  | T22917G || L452R
  |-
  |-
  | G23012C || E484Q  
  | G23012C || E484Q
  |-
  |-
  |  || D614G  
  |  || D614G
  |-
  |-
  | C23604G || P681R
  | C23604G || P681R
  |-
  |-
  |  || Q1071H  
  |  || Q1071H
  |-
  |-
  !rowspan="2"|  [[coronavirus nucleocapsid protein|N]]
  !rowspan="2"|  [[coronavirus nucleocapsid protein|N]]
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  |  || I82S
  |  || I82S
  |-
  |-
  !rowspan="1"|  orf3a
  !rowspan="1"|  [[ORF3a]]
  | C25469T || S26L  
  | C25469T || S26L
  |-
  |-
  !rowspan="2"|  orf1a
  !rowspan="2"|  [[ORF1a]]
  |  || T1567I
  |  || T1567I
  |-
  |-
  |  || T3646A
  |  || T3646A
  |-
  |-
  !rowspan="1"|  orf7a
  !rowspan="1"|  [[ORF7a]]
  | T27638C || V82A
  | T27638C || V82A
  |- style="text-align:left;" class="sortbottom"
  |- style="text-align:left;" class="sortbottom"
  | colspan="3" | Source: covariants.org<ref name="Nextstrain1">{{cite web |url=https://covariants.org/variants/21A.S.154K |title=Dedicated 21A/S:154K Nextstrain build |date=8 June 2021 |website=covariants.org |access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref> and [[Public Health England|PHE]] Technical Briefing 9<ref name="PHE9" />  
  | colspan="3" | Source: covariants.org<ref name="Nextstrain1">{{cite web |url=https://covariants.org/variants/21A.S.154K |title=Dedicated 21A/S:154K Nextstrain build |date=8 June 2021 |website=covariants.org |access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref> and [[Public Health England|PHE]] Technical Briefing 9<ref name="PHE9" />
|}
|}
The Kappa variant has three notable alterations in the amino-acid sequences, all of which are in the virus's [[coronavirus spike protein|spike protein]] code.<ref name="Stanford1" />
The Kappa variant has three notable alterations in the amino-acid sequences, all of which are in the virus's [[coronavirus spike protein|spike protein]] code.<ref name="Stanford1" />


The three notable substitutions are: L452R, E484Q, P681R<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Nuki|first1=Paul|last2=Newey|first2=Sarah|date=2021-04-16|title=Arrival of India's 'double mutation' adds to variant woes, but threat posed remains unclear|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/arrival-indias-double-mutation-adds-variant-woes-threat-posed/|access-date=2021-06-07|issn=0307-1235}}</ref>
The three notable substitutions are: L452R, E484Q, P681R<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Nuki|first1=Paul|last2=Newey|first2=Sarah|date=2021-04-16|title=Arrival of India's 'double mutation' adds to variant woes, but threat posed remains unclear|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/arrival-indias-double-mutation-adds-variant-woes-threat-posed/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/arrival-indias-double-mutation-adds-variant-woes-threat-posed/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-07|issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
 
* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2#L452R|L452R]]. The substitution at position 452, a leucine-to-arginine substitution. This exchange confers stronger affinity of the spike protein for the ACE2 receptor along with decreased recognition capability of the immune system.<ref name=SGDB>{{cite journal |last1=Starr |first1=Tyler N. |last2=Greaney |first2=Allison J. |last3=Dingens |first3=Adam S. |last4=Bloom |first4=Jesse D. |title=Complete map of SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutations that escape the monoclonal antibody LY-CoV555 and its cocktail with LY-CoV016 |journal=Cell Reports Medicine |date=April 2021 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=100255 |doi=10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100255 |pmid=33842902 |pmc=8020059 |doi-access=free |access-date=}}</ref><ref name=ZDCSPV>{{cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Wenjuan |last2=Davis |first2=Brian D. |last3=Chen |first3=Stephanie S. |last4=Sincuir Martinez |first4=Jorge M. |last5=Plummer |first5=Jasmine T. |last6=Vail |first6=Eric |title=Emergence of a Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variant in Southern California |journal=JAMA |date=6 April 2021 |volume=325 |issue=13 |pages=1324–1326 |doi=10.1001/jama.2021.1612|pmid=33571356 |pmc=7879386 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2#L452R|L452R]]. The substitution at position 452, a leucine-to-arginine substitution. This exchange confers stronger affinity of the spike protein for the ACE2 receptor along with decreased recognition capability of the immune system.<ref name=SGDB>{{cite journal |last1=Starr |first1=Tyler N. |last2=Greaney |first2=Allison J. |last3=Dingens |first3=Adam S. |last4=Bloom |first4=Jesse D. |title=Complete map of SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutations that escape the monoclonal antibody LY-CoV555 and its cocktail with LY-CoV016 |journal=Cell Reports Medicine |date=April 2021 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=100255 |doi=10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100255 |pmid=33842902 |pmc=8020059 |doi-access=free |access-date=}}</ref><ref name=ZDCSPV>{{cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Wenjuan |last2=Davis |first2=Brian D. |last3=Chen |first3=Stephanie S. |last4=Sincuir Martinez |first4=Jorge M. |last5=Plummer |first5=Jasmine T. |last6=Vail |first6=Eric |title=Emergence of a Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variant in Southern California |journal=JAMA |date=6 April 2021 |volume=325 |issue=13 |pages=1324–1326 |doi=10.1001/jama.2021.1612|pmid=33571356 |pmc=7879386 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2#E484Q|E484Q]]. The substitution at position 484, a glutamic acid-to-glutamine substitution. This alteration confers the variant stronger binding potential to [[hACE2|Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2]], as well as better ability to evade hosts' immune systems.<ref name=Haseltine/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Harvey |first1=WT |last2=Carabelli |first2=AM |last3=Jackson |first3=B |last4=Gupta |first4=RK |last5=Thomson |first5=EC |last6=Harrison |first6=EM |last7=Ludden |first7=C |last8=Reeve |first8=R |last9=Rambaut |first9=A |last10=Peacock |first10=SJ |last11=Robertson |first11=DL |display-authors=6 |title=SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape |url= |journal=Nat Rev Microbiol |year=2021 |volume= 19|issue= 7|pages= 409–424|doi=10.1038/s41579-021-00573-0 |pmid=34075212 |pmc=8167834 |quote=''For example, recently detected viruses of lineage B.1.617.1 were anticipated to show altered antigenicity due to the presence of the substitutions L452R and E484Q, which have been described as affecting antibody recognition.''}}</ref>
* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2#E484Q|E484Q]]. The substitution at position 484, a glutamic acid-to-glutamine substitution. This alteration confers the variant stronger binding potential to [[hACE2|Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2]], as well as better ability to evade hosts' immune systems.<ref name=Haseltine/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Harvey |first1=WT |last2=Carabelli |first2=AM |last3=Jackson |first3=B |last4=Gupta |first4=RK |last5=Thomson |first5=EC |last6=Harrison |first6=EM |last7=Ludden |first7=C |last8=Reeve |first8=R |last9=Rambaut |first9=A |last10=Peacock |first10=SJ |last11=Robertson |first11=DL |display-authors=6 |title=SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape |url= |journal=Nat Rev Microbiol |year=2021 |volume= 19|issue= 7|pages= 409–424|doi=10.1038/s41579-021-00573-0 |pmid=34075212 |pmc=8167834 |quote=''For example, recently detected viruses of lineage B.1.617.1 were anticipated to show altered antigenicity due to the presence of the substitutions L452R and E484Q, which have been described as affecting antibody recognition.''}}</ref>
* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2#P681R|P681R]]. The substitution at position 681, a proline-to-arginine substitution.<ref name=Haseltine>{{cite news |last1=Haseltine |first1=William |title=An Indian SARS-CoV-2 Variant Lands In California. More Danger Ahead? |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/williamhaseltine/2021/04/12/an-indian-sars-cov-2-variant-lands-in-california-more-danger-ahead/?sh=1ff3056b3b29 |access-date=2021-06-07 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref name="CDC Variants">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/variant-surveillance/variant-info.html |title=SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions |website=cdc.org |date=11 February 2020 |publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|access-date=2021-06-07}}</ref>
* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2#P681R|P681R]]. The substitution at position 681, a proline-to-arginine substitution.<ref name="CDC Variants">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/variant-surveillance/variant-info.html |title=SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions |website=cdc.org |date=11 February 2020 |publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|access-date=2021-06-07}}</ref><ref name=Haseltine>{{cite news |last1=Haseltine |first1=William |title=An Indian SARS-CoV-2 Variant Lands In California. More Danger Ahead? |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/williamhaseltine/2021/04/12/an-indian-sars-cov-2-variant-lands-in-california-more-danger-ahead/?sh=1ff3056b3b29 |access-date=2021-06-07 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>


The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) also list a fourth spike mutation of interest:<ref>{{Cite web|title=SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern as of 3 June 2021|date=3 June 2021|url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/variants-concern|access-date=2021-06-08|website=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control }}</ref>  
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) also list a fourth spike mutation of interest:<ref>{{Cite web|title=SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern as of 3 June 2021|date=3 June 2021|url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/variants-concern|access-date=2021-06-08|website=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control }}</ref>
* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2#D614G|D614G]]. This is a substitution at position 614, an aspartic acid-to-glycine substitution.<ref>{{cite news |last= Dr. Sanchari Sinha Dutta, Ph.D |date=15 March 2021 |title=D614G Mutation in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein |url=https://www.news-medical.net/health/D614G-Mutation.aspx |work=News Medical |location= |access-date=2021-06-08}}</ref> Other variants which have the D614G mutation include the [[SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant|Beta]] and [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant|Delta]] variants, and the mutation is associated with increased infectivity.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Korber |first1=Bette |last2=Fischer |first2=Will M. |last3=Gnanakaran |first3=Sandrasegaram |last4=Yoon |first4=Hyejin |last5=Theiler |first5=James |last6=Abfalterer |first6=Werner |last7=Hengartner |first7=Nick |last8=Giorgi |first8=Elena E. |last9=Bhattacharya |first9=Tanmoy |last10=Foley |first10=Brian |last11=Hastie |first11=Kathryn M. |last12=Parker |first12=Matthew D. |last13=Partridge |first13=David G. |last14=Evans |first14=Cariad M. |last15=Freeman |first15=Timothy M. |last16=de Silva |first16=Thushan I. |last17=McDanal |first17=Charlene |last18=Perez |first18=Lautaro G. |last19=Tang |first19=Haili |last20=Moon-Walker |first20=Alex |last21=Whelan |first21=Sean P. |last22=LaBranche |first22=Celia C.|last23=Saphire |first23=Erica O. |last24=Montefiori |first24=David C. |display-authors=6 |date=20 August 2020 |title=Tracking Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike: Evidence that D614G Increases Infectivity of the COVID-19 Virus |url= |journal=Cell |volume=182 |issue=4 |pages=812–827 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.043 |pmid=32697968 |pmc=7332439 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/variants/variant-info.html |title=SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=4 June 2021 |website=cdc.gov |access-date=2021-06-08 |quote=''These variants share one specific mutation called D614G...&nbsp;...There is evidence that variants with this mutation spread more quickly than viruses without this mutation.''}}</ref>
* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2#D614G|D614G]]. This is a substitution at position 614, an aspartic acid-to-glycine substitution.<ref>{{cite news |last= Dr. Sanchari Sinha Dutta, Ph.D |date=15 March 2021 |title=D614G Mutation in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein |url=https://www.news-medical.net/health/D614G-Mutation.aspx |work=News Medical |location= |access-date=2021-06-08}}</ref> Other variants which have the D614G mutation include the [[SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant|Beta]] and [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant|Delta]] variants, and the mutation is associated with increased infectivity.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Korber |first1=Bette |last2=Fischer |first2=Will M. |last3=Gnanakaran |first3=Sandrasegaram |last4=Yoon |first4=Hyejin |last5=Theiler |first5=James |last6=Abfalterer |first6=Werner |last7=Hengartner |first7=Nick |last8=Giorgi |first8=Elena E. |last9=Bhattacharya |first9=Tanmoy |last10=Foley |first10=Brian |last11=Hastie |first11=Kathryn M. |last12=Parker |first12=Matthew D. |last13=Partridge |first13=David G. |last14=Evans |first14=Cariad M. |last15=Freeman |first15=Timothy M. |last16=de Silva |first16=Thushan I. |last17=McDanal |first17=Charlene |last18=Perez |first18=Lautaro G. |last19=Tang |first19=Haili |last20=Moon-Walker |first20=Alex |last21=Whelan |first21=Sean P. |last22=LaBranche |first22=Celia C.|last23=Saphire |first23=Erica O. |last24=Montefiori |first24=David C. |display-authors=6 |date=20 August 2020 |title=Tracking Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike: Evidence that D614G Increases Infectivity of the COVID-19 Virus |url= |journal=Cell |volume=182 |issue=4 |pages=812–827 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.043 |pmid=32697968 |pmc=7332439 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/variants/variant-info.html |title=SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=4 June 2021 |website=cdc.gov |access-date=2021-06-08 |quote=''These variants share one specific mutation called D614G...&nbsp;...There is evidence that variants with this mutation spread more quickly than viruses without this mutation.''}}</ref>


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The Kappa variant was first identified in India in December 2020.<ref name="WHO 27April" />
The Kappa variant was first identified in India in December 2020.<ref name="WHO 27April" />


By 11 May 2021, the [[WHO]] Weekly Epidemiological Update had reported 34 countries with detections of the subvariant,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20210511_weekly_epi_update_39.pdf?sfvrsn=b66ba70d_11&download=true|title=Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19&nbsp;-&nbsp;11 May 2021|date=11 May 2021 |website=World Health Organization|page=4|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref> however by 25 May 2021, the number of countries had risen to 41.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20210525_weekly_epi_update_41.pdf?sfvrsn=d602902c_6&download=true|title=Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19&nbsp;-&nbsp;25 May 2021|date=25 May 2021 |website=World Health Organization|page=10|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |title=B.1.617 Covid variant, first found in India, now in 53 countries: WHO |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/b-1-617-covid-variant-first-found-in-india-now-in-53-countries-who-121052700342_1.html |work=[[Business Standard]] |location=India |date=27 May 2021 |access-date=2021-06-08 |quote=''According to it, B.1.617.1 is found in 41 countries...''}}</ref> {{As of|2021|May|19}}, the United Kingdom had detected a total of 418 confirmed cases of the SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant.<ref name="PHE1">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-variants-genomically-confirmed-case-numbers/variants-distribution-of-cases-data |title=Variants: distribution of cases data |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=9 February 2021 |website=gov.uk |publisher=[[Public Health England]] |access-date=2021-06-08 |language=en}} {{OGL-attribution|version=3.0}}</ref> On 6 June 2021, a cluster of 60 cases identified in the Australian city of [[Melbourne]] were linked to the Kappa variant.<ref>{{cite news |last=Taylor |first=Josh |date=6 June 2021 |title=Where did Australia's first cases of the Covid Delta variant come from and how infectious is it? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/jun/04/where-did-australias-first-cases-of-the-delta-variant-come-from-and-how-infectious-is-it |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=Melbourne |access-date=2021-06-08}}</ref>
By 11 May 2021, the [[WHO]] Weekly Epidemiological Update had reported 34 countries with detections of the subvariant,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20210511_weekly_epi_update_39.pdf?sfvrsn=b66ba70d_11&download=true|title=Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19&nbsp;-&nbsp;11 May 2021|date=11 May 2021 |website=World Health Organization|page=4|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref> however by 25 May 2021, the number of countries had risen to 41.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20210525_weekly_epi_update_41.pdf?sfvrsn=d602902c_6&download=true|title=Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19&nbsp;-&nbsp;25 May 2021|date=25 May 2021 |website=World Health Organization|page=10|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |title=B.1.617 Covid variant, first found in India, now in 53 countries: WHO |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/b-1-617-covid-variant-first-found-in-india-now-in-53-countries-who-121052700342_1.html |work=[[Business Standard]] |location=India |date=27 May 2021 |access-date=2021-06-08 |quote=''According to it, B.1.617.1 is found in 41 countries...''}}</ref> {{As of|2021|May|19}}, the United Kingdom had detected a total of 418 confirmed cases of the SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant.<ref name="PHE1">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-variants-genomically-confirmed-case-numbers/variants-distribution-of-cases-data |title=Variants: distribution of cases data |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=9 February 2021 |website=gov.uk |publisher=[[Public Health England]] |access-date=2021-06-08 |language=en}} {{OGL-attribution|version=3.0}}</ref> On 6 June 2021, a cluster of 60 cases identified in the Australian city of [[Melbourne]] were linked to the Kappa variant.<ref>{{cite news |last=Taylor |first=Josh |date=6 June 2021 |title=Where did Australia's first cases of the Covid Delta variant come from and how infectious is it? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/jun/04/where-did-australias-first-cases-of-the-delta-variant-come-from-and-how-infectious-is-it |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=Melbourne |access-date=2021-06-08}}</ref> According to [[GISAID]] in July 2021, India had submitted more genetic samples of the Kappa variant than any other country.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baro |first1=Dimple |title=All you need to know about the COVID-19 Kappa variant |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/coronavirus-updates/2021/07/11/all-you-need-to-know-about-the-covid-19-kappa-variant/ |work=EastMojo |date=11 July 2021}}</ref>


===Community transmission===
===Community transmission===
Line 98: Line 97:


On 2 June, [[the Guardian]] reported that at least 1 in 10 of the cases in the outbreak in the Australian state of [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] were due to contact with strangers and that [[community transmission]] was involved with clusters of the Kappa variant. However, infectious disease expert, Professor Greg Dore, said that the Kappa variant was behaving "the same as we've seen before" in relation to other variants in Australia.<ref>{{cite news |last=Davey |first=Melissa |date=2 June 2021 |title=Experts dispute Victoria claim that Kappa variant is more infectious than previous Covid outbreaks |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/jun/02/experts-dispute-victoria-claim-that-kappa-variant-is-more-infectious-than-previous-covid-outbreaks |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=Victoria |access-date=2021-06-09}}</ref>
On 2 June, [[the Guardian]] reported that at least 1 in 10 of the cases in the outbreak in the Australian state of [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] were due to contact with strangers and that [[community transmission]] was involved with clusters of the Kappa variant. However, infectious disease expert, Professor Greg Dore, said that the Kappa variant was behaving "the same as we've seen before" in relation to other variants in Australia.<ref>{{cite news |last=Davey |first=Melissa |date=2 June 2021 |title=Experts dispute Victoria claim that Kappa variant is more infectious than previous Covid outbreaks |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/jun/02/experts-dispute-victoria-claim-that-kappa-variant-is-more-infectious-than-previous-covid-outbreaks |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=Victoria |access-date=2021-06-09}}</ref>
'''Vaccine efficacy'''
Vaccines are effective against the Kappa variant, albeit to a lower extent than against the original strain.
A study conducted by Oxford University in June 2021 said that the [[Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine]] and the [[Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine]] were effective against the Kappa and Delta variants, suggesting that the current vaccines offer protection against these variants, although with slight reductions in neutralization.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/latest/998317/coronavirus-astrazeneca-pfizer-vaccines-effective-against-delta-kappa-variants-shows-study|title = Coronavirus: AstraZeneca, Pfizer vaccines effective against Delta, Kappa variants, shows study}}</ref>
[[Covaxin]] was also found to be effective against the Kappa variant (B.1.617.1) as for other variants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/covaxin-neutralises-double-mutant-strain-icmr-study-7282835/|title=Covaxin neutralises double mutant strain of SARS-CoV-2: ICMR study|date=21 April 2021}}</ref>
The [[Moderna COVID-19 vaccine]] was also found to be effective against the Kappa variant, albeit with a 3.3-3.4 fold reduction in neutralization.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://homelandprepnews.com/stories/70786-small-studies-indicate-moderna-covid-19-vaccine-may-be-effective-against-delta-kappa-and-eta-variants/?amp|title = Small studies indicate Moderna COVID-19 vaccine may be effective against Delta, Kappa and Eta variants|date = July 2021}}</ref>


==Statistics==
==Statistics==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! colspan="3" |Cases by country (Updated as of 26 August 2021) GISAID<ref>{{Cite web|title=GISAID - hCov19 Variants|url=https://www.gisaid.org/hcov19-variants/|access-date=2021-08-26|website=www.gisaid.org}}</ref>
|+ Cases by country (Updated as of 13 September 2021) GISAID<ref>{{Cite web|title=GISAID - hCov19 Variants|url=https://www.gisaid.org/hcov19-variants/|access-date=2021-09-13|website=www.gisaid.org}}</ref>
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Country
! scope="col" |Country
Line 107: Line 116:
! scope="col" |Collection date
! scope="col" |Collection date
|-
|-
|{{flagu|India}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|India}}
|4,387
|4,437
|26 May 2021
|26 May 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|United Kingdom}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|United Kingdom}}
|517
|545
|31 May 2021
|31 May 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|USA}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|USA}}
|303
|308
|24 June 2021
|24 June 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Canada}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Canada}}
|371
|372
|12 May 2021
|12 May 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Ireland}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Ireland}}
|206
|206
|8 June 2021
|8 June 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Australia}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Australia}}
|128
|128
|15 June 2021
|15 June 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Germany}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Germany}}
|102
|102
|22 June 2021
|22 June 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Singapore}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Singapore}}
|59
|59
|13 May 2021
|13 May 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Denmark}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Denmark}}
|28
|28
|31 May 2021
|31 May 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Netherlands}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Netherlands}}
|27
|27
|12 June 2021
|12 June 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Japan}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Japan}}
|27
|27
|7 May 2021
|7 May 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Angola}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Angola}}
|6
|6
|20 April 2021
|20 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|France}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|France}}
|16
|16
|20 May 2021
|20 May 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Belgium}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Belgium}}
|17
|17
|13 May 2021
|13 May 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|China}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|China}}
|13
|13
|18 April 2021
|18 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Qatar}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Qatar}}
|7
|7
|17 May 2021
|17 May 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|South Korea}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|South Korea}}
|12
|12
|27 April 2021
|27 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Switzerland}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Switzerland}}
|10
|10
|4 May 2021
|4 May 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Portugal}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Portugal}}
|9
|9
|4 May 2021
|4 May 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Italy}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Italy}}
|19
|19
|24 May 2021
|24 May 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Bahrain}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Bahrain}}
|8
|8
|10 April 2021
|10 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Mexico}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Mexico}}
|7
|7
|2 June 2021
|2 June 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|South Africa}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|South Africa}}
|14
|15
|18 June 2021
|18 June 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Finland}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Finland}}
|11
|11
|23 May 2021
|23 May 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Luxembourg}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Luxembourg}}
|10
|10
|26 April 2021
|26 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Spain}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Spain}}
|5
|5
|19 May 2021
|19 May 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Sweden}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Sweden}}
|5
|5
|17 April 2021
|17 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Ghana}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Ghana}}
|5
|5
|20 April 2021
|20 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Kenya}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Kenya}}
|7
|7
|29 April 2021
|29 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Czech Republic}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Czech Republic}}
|4
|4
|4 May 2021
|4 May 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Jordan}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Jordan}}
|4
|4
|25 April 2021
|25 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Myanmar}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Myanmar}}
|4
|4
|2 June 2021
|2 June 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|New Zealand}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|New Zealand}}
|4
|4
|8 April 2021
|8 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Malaysia}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Malaysia}}
|4
|4
|1 June 2021
|1 June 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Indonesia}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Indonesia}}
|2
|2
|29 April 2021
|29 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Guadeloupe}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Guadeloupe}}
|2
|2
|10 March 2021
|10 March 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Nepal}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Nepal}}
|2
|2
|9 May 2021
|9 May 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Sint Maarten}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Sint Maarten}}
|2
|2
|3 April 2021
|3 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Austria}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Austria}}
|2
|2
|April 2021
|1 August 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Curaçao}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Curaçao}}
|1
|1
|23 April 2021
|23 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Greece}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Greece}}
|1
|1
|6 April 2021
|6 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Slovakia}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Slovakia}}
|1
|1
|19 April 2021
|19 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Slovenia}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Slovenia}}
|2
|2
|6 April 2021
|6 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Thailand}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Thailand}}
|1
|1
|26 April 2021
|26 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Uganda}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Uganda}}
|1
|1
|26 March 2021
|26 March 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Zambia}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Zambia}}
|1
|1
|2 May 2021
|2 May 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Romania}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Romania}}
|1
|1
|5 May 2021
|5 May 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Morocco}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Morocco}}
|1
|1
|22 April 2021
|22 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Cayman Islands}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Cayman Islands}}
|3
|3
|16 April 2021
|16 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Poland}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Poland}}
|1
|1
|6 May 2021
|6 May 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Turkey}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Turkey}}
|1
|1
|12 March 2021
|12 March 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Brazil}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Brazil}}
|2
|2
|10 February 2021
|10 February 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Israel}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Israel}}
|2
|2
|2 January 2021
|2 January 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Saudi Arabia}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Saudi Arabia}}
|1
|1
|14 April 2021
|14 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Russia}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Russia}}
|1
|1
|11 April 2021
|11 April 2021
|-
|-
|{{flagu|Gabon}}
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Gabon}}
|1
|1
|14 April 2021
|14 April 2021
|-
|-
|World (56 countries)
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Oman}}
|Total: '''6,388'''
|2
|<small>Total as of 6 August 2021</small>
|16 May 2021
|-
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Nigeria}}
|1
|21 April 2021
|-
!scope="row"|{{flagu|Philippines}}
|1
|8 November 2021
|-class="sortbottom"
!scope="row"|{{noflag}}'''World''' (58 countries)
|Total: '''6,476'''
|<small>Total as of 13 September 2021</small>
|}
|}


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Covid-19|Medicine|Viruses}}
{{Portal|COVID-19|Medicine|Viruses}}
*[[SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant]]
* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2]]: [[SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant|Alpha]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant|Beta]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant|Gamma]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant|Delta]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant|Epsilon]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant|Zeta]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant|Eta]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant|Theta]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant|Iota]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant|Lambda]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant|Mu]], [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant|Omicron]]
*[[SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant]]
*[[SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant]]
*[[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant]]
*[[SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant]]
*[[SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant]]
* [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2]]


==References==
==References==
Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/318694"