Lucknow: Difference between revisions

{{other uses}}

{{Use Indian English|date=April 2021}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}

| official_name         = Lucknow

| native_name           =  

| native_name_lang       = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->

| settlement_type       = [[Metropolis]]

| image_skyline         = Collage of places in Lucknow.jpg

| image_caption          = Clockwise from top: [[Bada Imambara]], [[Lucknow Charbagh railway station|Charbagh Railway Station]], [[Rumi Darwaza]], [[Hazratganj]], [[La Martiniere Lucknow]], [[Ambedkar Memorial Park]]

| nickname              = The City of Nawabs, The Golden City of India, Constantinople of the East, Shiraz-e-Hind

| pushpin_map            = #Uttar Pradesh#India#Asia

| pushpin_label_position = right

| pushpin_relief        =  

| pushpin_map_alt        = <span style="color:pink;">Lucknow</span>

| pushpin_map_caption    = Location of Lucknow in [[Uttar Pradesh]]

| coordinates           = {{coord|26|51|N|80|57|E|type:city_region:IN-UP|display=it}}

| subdivision_type      = Country

| subdivision_name      = India

| subdivision_type1      = State

| subdivision_type2      = [[Divisions of Uttar Pradesh|Division]]

| subdivision_type3      = [[List of districts of India|District]]

| subdivision_name1      = [[Uttar Pradesh]]

| subdivision_name2      = [[Lucknow Division|Lucknow]]

| subdivision_name3      = [[Lucknow District|Lucknow]]

| government_type        = Municipal Corporation

| governing_body        = [[Lucknow Municipal Corporation]]

| leader_party          = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]

| leader_title          = [[Lucknow (Mayoral Constituency)|Mayor]]

| leader_name            = [[Sanyukta Bhatia]]

| leader_title1          = [[Divisional Commissioner|Commissioner, Lucknow Division]]

| leader_name1          = Mukesh Meshram, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]

| leader_title2          = [[District Magistrate|District Magistrate and Collector]]

| leader_name2          = Abhishek Prakash, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]

| leader_title3          = [[Commissioner of Police]]

| leader_name3          = Sujit Pandey, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rashid |first1=Omar |title=Police gets more powers in U.P., commissioner system implemented in Lucknow, Gautam Buddha Nagar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/police-gets-more-powers-in-up-commissioner-system-implemented-in-lucknow-gautam-buddha-nagar/article30556740.ece |access-date=15 January 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=13 January 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

| unit_pref              = Metric

| area_footnotes        = <ref name='Lucknow City'>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lucknow-to-expand-88-new-villages-under-lmc-wings/articleshow/72356975.cms|title=Lucknow to expand, 88 new villages under LMC wings|publisher=[[Times of India]]|access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref>

| area_total_km2        = 631

| elevation_m           = 123

| population_total      = 3,500,000

| population_as_of      = 2011

| population_footnotes  = <ref name='Lucknow City'/><ref name="population">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Census 2011|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=25 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|archive-date=7 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

| population_density_km2 = auto

| population_rank        = [[List of cities in India by population|11th]]

| population_demonym    = Lakhnawi, Lucknowite

| timezone1              = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]

| demographics_type1    = [[Language]]

| demographics1_title1  = Official

| demographics1_info1    = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=12 February 2019 |page=49 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>

| demographics1_title2  = Additional&nbsp; official

| demographics1_info2    = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>

| demographics1_title3  = Regional

| demographics1_info3    = [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/awa |title=Awadhi |website=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref>

| utc_offset1            = +5:30

| postal_code            = 2260xx /2270xx

| area_code              = +91-522

| area_code_type        = Telephone code

| registration_plate    = UP-32

| blank1_name_sec1      = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]

| blank1_info_sec1      = 915 [[female|♀]]/1000 [[male|♂]]

| blank2_info_sec2      = {{increase}} 0.665

<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ssca.org.in/media/4_2016_HDI_t1hcMZm.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619103221/http://www.ssca.org.in/media/4_2016_HDI_t1hcMZm.pdf |archive-date=19 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>({{color|orange|medium}})

| pushpin_label          = Lucknow

| name                   =  

'''Lucknow''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ʌ|k|n|aʊ}}, {{IPA-hns|ˈləkʰnəuː|lang|Lucknow.ogg}} {{transl|hns|Lakhnaū}}) is the [[List of state and union territory capitals in India|capital]] city of the [[List of state and union territory capitals in India|Indian state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lucknow.nic.in/ |title=Welcome to Lucknow District Official Website |publisher=Lucknow.nic.in |access-date=26 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212231527/http://lucknow.nic.in/ |archive-date=12 February 2010 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref name="times">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-pips-Kanpur-emerges-as-most-populous-city-in-UP/articleshow/7879054.cms|title=Lucknow pips Kanpur, emerges as most populous city in UP|date=6 April 2011|website=[[The Times of India]]|location=Lucknow|access-date=12 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524064744/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-pips-Kanpur-emerges-as-most-populous-city-in-UP/articleshow/7879054.cms|archive-date=24 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/LDA-begins-process-to-expand-Lucknows-territory/articleshow/45997595.cms|title=LDA begins process to expand Lucknow's territory|date=24 January 2015|website=[[The Times of India]]|location=Lucknow|access-date=12 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109021539/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/LDA-begins-process-to-expand-Lucknows-territory/articleshow/45997595.cms|archive-date=9 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-gets-bigger-by-380-sq-km-in-10-yrs/articleshow/7479048.cms|title=Lucknow gets bigger by 380 sq km in 10 yrs|date=12 February 2011|website=[[The Times of India]]|location=Lucknow|access-date=12 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109020005/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-gets-bigger-by-380-sq-km-in-10-yrs/articleshow/7479048.cms|archive-date=9 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> and is also the administrative headquarters of the eponymous [[Lucknow district|district]] and [[Lucknow division|division]]. It is the [[List of cities in India by population|fourteenth-most populous city]] and [[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India|the twelfth-most populous urban agglomeration]] of India. Lucknow has always been a multicultural city that flourished as a North Indian cultural and artistic hub, and the seat of power of [[Nawab]]s in the 18th and 19th centuries.<ref name="Lucknow directory of service">{{cite web|url=http://lucknowonline.com/dukaan/about-2/|title=Lucknow directory of service|website=Lucknow Online|access-date=27 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705161638/http://lucknowonline.com/dukaan/about-2/|archive-date=5 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It continues to be an important centre of governance, administration, education, commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, culture, tourism, music and poetry.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5259B.pdf|title = Sacred space and holy war|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = Divine Conspiracy|last = Cole|first = Juan Ricardo|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140819090918/http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5259B.pdf|archive-date = 19 August 2014|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref>

The city stands at an elevation of approximately {{convert|123|m|ft}} above sea level. Lucknow city had an area of 402 sq km till December 2019, when 88 villages were added to the municipal limits and the area increased to 631 sq km.<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 December 2019|first=Pranchal|last=Srivastava|title=Lucknow to expand, 88 new villages under LMC wings|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lucknow-to-expand-88-new-villages-under-lmc-wings/articleshow/72356975.cms|access-date=20 October 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Bounded on the east by [[Barabanki district|Barabanki]], on the west by [[Unnao]], on the south by [[Raebareli]] and in the north by [[Sitapur]] and [[Hardoi]], Lucknow sits on the northwestern shore of the [[Gomti River]].  {{As of|2008}}, there were 110 wards in the city. Morphologically, three clear demarcations exist:  The [[Central business district]], which is a fully built up area, comprises [[Hazratganj]], [[Aminabad, Lucknow|Aminabad]] and Chowk. A middle zone surrounds the inner zone with cement houses while the outer zone consists of slums.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lucknow Report|url=http://uhi-india.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=318&Itemid=80|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814041343/http://uhi-india.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=318&Itemid=80|archive-date=14 August 2014|access-date=27 August 2014|website=Urban Health Initiative}}</ref>

{{See also|Awadh|Oudh State}}

 

The Nawabs of Lucknow, in reality, the Nawabs of Awadh, acquired the name after the reign of the third Nawab when Lucknow became their capital. The city became North India's cultural capital, and its nawabs, best remembered for their refined and extravagant lifestyles, were patrons of the arts. Under their dominion, music and dance flourished, and construction of numerous monuments took place.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.laxys.com/lucknow.html |title=Lucknow City |publisher=Laxys |access-date=29 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426071814/http://www.laxys.com/lucknow.html |archive-date=26 April 2012 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Of the monuments standing today, the [[Bara Imambara]], the [[Chota Imambara]], and the [[Rumi Darwaza]] are notable examples. One of the Nawab's enduring legacies is the region's syncretic Hindu–Muslim culture that has come to be known as the ''[[Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/standpoint-understanding-ganga-jamuni-tehzeeb-how-diverse-is-the-indian-multiculturalism-1995684|title = Understanding Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb: How diverse is the "Indian multiculturalism"|date = 15 June 2014|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = DNA India|publisher = DNA Webdesk|last = Safvi|first = Rana|location = Mumbai|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140903135602/http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/standpoint-understanding-ganga-jamuni-tehzeeb-how-diverse-is-the-indian-multiculturalism-1995684|archive-date = 3 September 2014|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref>

[[File:Residency-Lucknow.jpg|thumb|The ruins of the [[The Residency, Lucknow|Residency]] at Lucknow shows the gunfire it took during the rebellion.]]

[[File:A passageway in 'Bhhol Bhulaiyaa' (Inside Bada Imambada in Lucknow, India).jpg|thumb|left|Bada Imambada is famous for its maze called 'Bhool Bhulaiyaa' in Hindi. It is built of identical 2.5 feet wide passageways like the one shown in this photograph.]]

The Kakori Incident involving Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqullah Khan, Rajendra Nath Lahiri, Roshan Singh and others followed by the Kakori trial which captured the imagination of the country also took place in Lucknow.<ref>{{cite web|title=Big Moments in Lucknow History|url=http://genieforcity.com/lucknow/history-lucknow.html|access-date=13 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818085223/http://genieforcity.com/lucknow/history-lucknow.html|archive-date=18 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Lucknow has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cwa'') with cool, dry winters from mid-November to February and dry, hot summers with sunshine from March to mid-May. More than nine-tenths of the annual rainfall occurs from June to October when the city receives an average of {{convert|827.2|mm|in|2}} from the southwest [[monsoon]] winds, although occasionally frontal rainfall from the northeast monsoon will occur in January. In winter the maximum temperature is around {{convert|25|C|F|disp=or}} and the minimum is in the {{convert|3|to|7|C|F|1}} range.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lucknow Minimum Temperature |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-29/lucknow/36050401_1_minimum-temperature-maximum-temperature-celsius |work=The Times of India |date=29 December 2012 |access-date=3 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101083608/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-29/lucknow/36050401_1_minimum-temperature-maximum-temperature-celsius |archive-date=1 January 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Fog is quite common from mid-December to late January. Occasionally, Lucknow experiences colder winter spells than places like Shimla and Mussoorie which are situated way high up in the Himalayas. In the extraordinary winter cold spell of 2012-2013, Lucknow recorded temperatures below freezing point on two consecutive days and the minimum temperature hovered around freezing point for over a week. Summers are very hot with temperatures rising into the {{convert|40|to|45|C|F|0}} range, the average maxima being in the high 30s Celsius.

|location = Lucknow ([[Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport]]) 1981-2010, extremes 1952-2012

Lucknow has a total of only 5.66 percent of forest cover, which is much less than the state average of around 7 percent.<ref name="Forest">{{cite web|title=Government of India, Ministry of Environment & Forests|url=http://moefrolko.org/|publisher=Ministry of Environment and Forest lucknow|access-date=10 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120081036/http://www.moefrolko.org/|archive-date=20 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Dalbergia sissoo|''Shisham'']], [[Butea monosperma|''Dhak'']], [[Madhuca longifolia|''Mahuamm'']], [[Vachellia nilotica|''Babul'']], [[Azadirachta indica|''Neem'']], [[Ficus religiosa|''Peepal'']], [[Saraca asoca|''Ashok'']], [[Date palm|''Khajur'']], ''[[Mango]]'' and ''Gular'' trees are all grown here.<ref name=species>{{cite book|title=A new isidiate species of Graphis from India.|year=2004|publisher=Adawadkar, B. & Makhija, U.|page=363|url=http://www.ces.iisc.ernet.in/biodiversity/sahyadri_enews/newsletter/issue16/books.htm|access-date=10 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110000240/http://www.ces.iisc.ernet.in/biodiversity/sahyadri_enews/newsletter/issue16/books.htm|archive-date=10 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The major industries in the Lucknow urban agglomeration include aeronautics, automotive, machine tools, distillery chemicals, furniture and [[Chikan (embroidery)|Chikan embroidery]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/DIP%20Lucknow.pdf|title = Economical Report of Lucknow|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = Department of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises|publisher = Government of India|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150319054233/http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/DIP%20Lucknow.pdf|archive-date = 19 March 2015|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref>

 

Lucknow is among the top cities of [[India]] by GDP.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://in.finance.yahoo.com/photos/the-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-1348807591-slideshow/the-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-photo-1348807066.html#crsl=%252Fphotos%252Fthe-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-1348807591-slideshow%252Fthe-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-photo-1348807071.html |title=The top 15 Indian cities by GDP &#124; India's top 15 cities with the highest GDP – Yahoo India Finance |publisher=In.finance.yahoo.com |date=28 September 2012 |access-date=29 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703081833/https://in.finance.yahoo.com/photos/the-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-1348807591-slideshow/the-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-photo-1348807066.html#crsl=%252Fphotos%252Fthe-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-1348807591-slideshow%252Fthe-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-photo-1348807071.html |archive-date=3 July 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Lucknow is also a centre for research and development as home to the R&D centres of the National Milk Grid of the National Dairy Development Board, the Central Institute of Medical and Aromatic Plants, the National Handloom Development Corporation and U.P. Export Corporation.<ref name="Lucknow Profile">{{cite web|url =http://localbodies.up.nic.in/luck/chap2.pdf|title =Lucknow Profile|access-date =27 August 2014|website =National Informatics Centre, Uttar Pradesh State Unit, Lucknow|url-status =dead|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140308061916/http://localbodies.up.nic.in/luck/chap2.pdf|archive-date =8 March 2014|df =dmy-all}}</ref>

 

Ranked sixth in a list of the ten fastest growing job-creating cities in [[India]] according to a study conducted by Assocham Placement Pattern,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://business.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/oct/01/slide-show-1-the-fastest-job-creating-cities-in-india.htm#7 |title=The 10 fastest job-creating cities in India – Rediff.com Business |publisher=Rediff |date=3 October 2010 |access-date=17 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609015312/http://business.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/oct/01/slide-show-1-the-fastest-job-creating-cities-in-india.htm#7 |archive-date=9 June 2011 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Lucknow's economy was formerly based on the tertiary sector and the majority of the workforce were employed as government servants. Large-scale industrial establishments are few compared to other northern Indian state capitals like [[New Delhi]]. The economy is growing with contributions from the fields of IT, manufacturing and processing and medical/biotechnology. Business-promoting institutions such as the [[Confederation of Indian Industry|CII]] have set up their service centres in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/CII-Young-Indians-unite-Lucknow-residents-to-empower-women/articleshow/38268762.cms|title = CII Young Indians unite Lucknow residents to empower women|date = 12 July 2014|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = The Times of India|last = Singh|first = Priyanka|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151026215833/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/CII-Young-Indians-unite-Lucknow-residents-to-empower-women/articleshow/38268762.cms|archive-date = 26 October 2015|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref>

 

Multiple software and IT companies are present in the city. [[Tata Consultancy Services]] is one of the major companies with its campus in [[Gomti Nagar]], which also is the second-largest such establishment in Uttar Pradesh. [[HCL Technologies]] also started its training program with 150 candidates in April 2016 at HCL Lucknow campus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tcs.com/news_events/press_releases/Pages/TCS-Expands-in-Lucknow.aspx |title=TCS News & Events: Press Release : Tata Consultancy Services Expands in Lucknow; New Facility Inaugurated |publisher=Tata Consultancy Services |access-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824054055/http://www.tcs.com/news_events/press_releases/Pages/TCS-Expands-in-Lucknow.aspx |archive-date=24 August 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref> There are many local [[Open-source model|open source]] technology companies.<ref>{{cite web |author=Diksha P Gupta |url=http://www.linuxforu.com/2013/12/open-source-technology |title="We are where we are because of open source technology" – LINUX For You |publisher=Linux For U |access-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302102753/http://www.linuxforu.com/2013/12/open-source-technology/ |archive-date=2 March 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref> The city is also home to a number of important national and state level headquarters for companies including Sony Corporation and Reliance Retail. A sprawling {{convert|100|acre}} IT city costing 15&nbsp;billion Rupees is planned by the state government at the Chak Ganjaria farms site on the road to [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Sultanpur]] and they have already approved [[special economic zone]] status for the project, which is expected to create thousands of job opportunities in the state.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://upgov.nic.in/upinfo/uplc-itcity/IT-City-Lucknow-Schedules-Vol-III-29.10.13.pdf|title = IT City Lucknow|page = 18|date = 29 October 2013|access-date = 27 August 2014|publisher = UP Government|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140226154730/http://upgov.nic.in/upinfo/uplc-itcity/IT-City-Lucknow-Schedules-Vol-III-29.10.13.pdf|archive-date = 26 February 2014|df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Chak-Gajaria-farm-land-use-changed/articleshow/20485757.cms?referral=PM |title=Chak Gajaria farm land use changed|newspaper=Times of India |date=8 June 2013 |access-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208233238/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Chak-Gajaria-farm-land-use-changed/articleshow/20485757.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=8 February 2016 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Govt-gives-approval-to-IT-city-in-Lucknow-on-Sultanpur-Road/articleshow/12724665.cms?referral=PM |title=Govt gives approval to IT city in Lucknow on Sultanpur Road|newspaper=Times of India |date=19 April 2014 |access-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208233238/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Govt-gives-approval-to-IT-city-in-Lucknow-on-Sultanpur-Road/articleshow/12724665.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=8 February 2016 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

The city has potential in the handicrafts sector and accounts for 60 percent of total exports from the state.<ref name=HANDICRAFTS>{{cite web|title=OFFICE OF THE DEVELOPMENT COMMISSIONER (HANDICRAFTS)|url=http://handicrafts.nic.in/advertisements/ahvy201112.htm|publisher=MINISTRY OF TEXTILES|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116034435/http://handicrafts.nic.in/advertisements/ahvy201112.htm|archive-date=16 January 2016}}</ref> Major export items are marble products, handicrafts, art pieces, gems, jewellery, textiles, electronics, software products, computers, hardware products, apparel, brass products, silk, leather goods, glass items and chemicals. Lucknow has promoted public-private partnerships in sectors such as electricity supply, roads, expressways, and educational ventures.<ref>{{cite web|title=Economy of State. |url=http://www.phdcci.in/admin/userfiles/file/Research-Bureau/Uttar-Pradesh.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224141248/http://www.phdcci.in/admin/userfiles/file/Research-Bureau/Uttar-Pradesh.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2012 |publisher=U.P economy |url-status=dead }}</ref>

To promote the textile industry in the city, the [[Government of India|Indian government]] has allocated Rs. 2&nbsp;billion (2000&nbsp;million rupees) to set up a textile [[business cluster]] in the city.<ref>{{cite news |author=PTI |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-10/news/51301061_1_textile-sector-textile-industry-export-earnings |title=Budget 2014: Rs 200 crore allocated to set up six textiles clusters – Economic Times |newspaper=Economic Times |date=10 July 2014 |access-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812205539/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-10/news/51301061_1_textile-sector-textile-industry-export-earnings |archive-date=12 August 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

The city has a Tata Motors plant primarily for light commercial vehicles. It was set up in 1992 and has a production capacity of 640 vehicles per day.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Tata Motors’ Jamshedpur, Lucknow and Pantnagar plants win National Energy Conservation Award 2020 |url=https://www.autocarpro.in/news-national/tata-motors%E2%80%99-jamshedpur--lucknow-and-pantnagar-plants-win-national-energy-conservation-award-2020-78222 |access-date=4 April 2021 |work=Autocar |date=13 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Nair |first1=Geeta |title=Tata Motors’ VRS may not interest workers at Pune plant |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/tata-motors-vrs-may-not-interest-workers-at-pune-plant/2150094/ |access-date=4 April 2021 |work=The Financial Express |date=15 December 2020}}</ref>

==Administration and politics==

[[Lucknow division]] which consists of six districts, and is headed by the [[Divisional Commissioner]] of Lucknow, who is an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officer]] of high seniority, the [[Divisional Commissioner|Commissioner]] is the head of local government institutions (including municipal corporations) in the division, is in charge of infrastructure development in his division, and is also responsible for maintaining law and order in the division.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|url=http://up.gov.in/upconstitution.aspx|title=CONSTITUTIONAL SETUP|website=[[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date=30 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831000649/http://up.gov.in/upconstitution.aspx|archive-date=31 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":422">{{Cite book|title=Indian Administration|last=Maheshwari|first=S.R.|publisher=Orient Blackswan Private Ltd.|year=2000|isbn=9788125019886|location=New Delhi|pages=563–572|edition=6th}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite book|title=Revenue administration in India: A case study of Bihar|last=Singh|first=G.P.|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=1993|isbn=978-8170993810|location=Delhi|pages=26–129}}</ref><ref name=":62">{{Cite book|title=Governance in India|last=Laxmikanth|first=M.|publisher=McGraw Hill Education|year=2014|isbn=978-9339204785|location=Noida|pages=5.1–5.2|edition=2nd}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/india-2/role-and-functions-of-divisional-commissioner/46672/|title=Role and Functions of Divisional Commissioner|website=Your Article Library|access-date=20 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816065354/http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/india-2/role-and-functions-of-divisional-commissioner/46672/|archive-date=16 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[District collector|District Magistrate]] of Lucknow reports to the divisional commissioner. The current commissioner is Mukesh Meshram.<ref name=":022">{{Cite web|url=http://uphome.gov.in/DM-UP-Contact.htm|title=Contact Details of Commissioners and District Magistrates of U.P.|website=[[Department of Home (Uttar Pradesh)|Department of Home and Confidential]], [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date=15 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816061300/http://uphome.gov.in/DM-UP-Contact.htm|archive-date=16 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://niyuktionline.up.nic.in/DOCUMENTS/DMCFileCurrent.aspx |script-title=hi:जिलाधिकारी/मंडलायुक्त की सूची|website=Department of Appointments and Personnel, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|language=hi|trans-title=List of District Magistrates and Divisional Commissioners|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210045547/http://niyuktionline.up.nic.in/DOCUMENTS/DMCFileCurrent.aspx|archive-date=10 February 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=15 August 2017}}</ref>

Lucknow district administration is headed by the District Magistrate of Lucknow, who is an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officer]]. [[District collector|The DM]] is in charge of property records and revenue collection for the central government and oversees&nbsp;the [[Elections in India|elections]] held in the city. The district has five [[tehsil]]s, viz. Sadar, Mohanlalganj, Bakshi ka Talab, Malihabad and Sarojini Nagar, each headed by a [[Sub-Divisional Magistrate]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://lucknow.nic.in/administration/admin.html|title=Administration|website=Lucknow District|access-date=15 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828151031/http://lucknow.nic.in/administration/admin.html|archive-date=28 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The current [[District collector|DM]] is Abhishek Prakash.<ref name=":022" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> The district magistrate is assisted by a Chief Development Officer (CDO), eight Additional District Magistrates (ADM) (Finance/Revenue, East, West Trans-Gomti, Executive, Land Acquisition-I, Land Acquisition-II, Civil Supply), one City Magistrate (CM) and seven Additional City Magistrates (ACM).<ref name=":2"/>

The [[Lucknow Municipal Corporation]] oversees civic activities in the city. The city's first municipal body dates from 1862 when the municipal board was established.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumari|first=Kiran|title=Urban Sprawl: A Case Study of Lucknow City|url=http://www.ijhssi.org/papers/v4(5)/Version-2/B0452011020.pdf|access-date=20 October 2020|website=International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention}}</ref> The first Indian mayor, [[Syed Nabiullah]], was elected in 1917 after the enforcement of the UP Municipalities Act, 1916. In 1948, the Uttar Pradesh government changed the system from an electoral one to an administrator-run one and Bhairav Datt Sanwal became the administrator. In 1959, the UP Municipalities Act, 1916 was replaced with Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1959 and Lucknow Municipal Corporation was established in 1960 with Raj Kumar Shrivastava becoming the mayor.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 November 2017|first=Isha |last=Jain|title=Lucknow to get its first woman mayor in 100 years|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lucknow-to-get-its-first-woman-mayor-in-100-years/articleshow/61775473.cms|access-date=20 October 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>  

The head of the corporation is the mayor, but the executive and administration of the corporation are the responsibility of the municipal commissioner, who is an [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh government]]-appointed Provincial Civil Service (PCS) officer of high seniority. The last municipal election took place in 2017 when [[Sanyukta Bhatia]] from Bharatiya Janata Party became the first female mayor of Lucknow.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Lucknow's first woman mayor, 110 corporators sworn in|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/dec/12/lucknows-first-woman-mayor-110-corporators-sworn-in-1725680.html|access-date=20 October 2020|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] won 57 councillor seats, [[Samajwadi Party]] won 31 seats, independent candidates won 14 seats, and [[Indian National Congress]] won 8 seats.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 December 2017|title=Lucknow Nagar Nigam Election Results: Ward-wise List of Winning Candidates|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/lucknow-nagar-nigam-election-results-winners-list-names-of-winning-candidates-of-congress-bjp-aimim-sp-bsp-aap-2698937/|access-date=20 October 2020|work=India.com|language=en}}</ref> Ajay Kumar Dwivedi, an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer, is the present municipal commissioner since 17 August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=प्रशासक {{!}}मुख्यनगर अधिकारी {{!}} नगरआयुक्त|url=https://lmc.up.nic.in/pdf/NNADMINSTRATORS.pdf|access-date=20 October 2020|website=Lucknow Municipal Corporation}}</ref> The Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1959 gives provisions for the establishment of ward committees, but they have not been formed yet.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Consultation on Urban Governance|url=https://www.praja.org/praja_docs/praja_downloads/National%20Consultation%20On%20Urban%20Governance-%20Key%20Finding%20From%2021%20States.pdf|access-date=20 October 2020|website=Praja Foundation}}</ref>

The sources for revenue generation for Lucknow Municipal Corporation include property tax, user charges for SWM, penalities, rent from municipal properties, income from water storage, water transmission, drainage and sanitation, grants, and charges for services such as birth and death certificates.<ref>{{Cite news|date=31 March 2017|first=Priyanka|last=Singh|title=Lucknow Municipal Corporation: LMC targets Rs 22 crore surplus income |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lmc-targets-rs-22-crore-surplus-income/articleshow/57927515.cms|access-date=2 November 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lucknow Municipal Corporation: Revenue Receipts|url=https://openbudgetsindia.org/dataset/lucknow-municipal-corporation-revenue-receipts|access-date=2 November 2020|website=openbudgetsindia.org|language=en}}</ref> The municipal corporation has the following administrative departments: Health Department, House Tax Department, Engineering Department, Park Department, Advertisement Department, Accounting Department, Property Department.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://lmc.up.nic.in/|access-date=20 October 2020|website=Lucknow Municipal Corporation}}</ref> There is also an Executive Committee (कार्यकारिणी समिति) made up of 12 elected councillors from different political parties, who decide on policy matters of the corporation.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2018|title=LMC gets its executive committee|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lmc-gets-its-executive-committee/articleshow/62576912.cms|access-date=20 October 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

Lucknow district comes under the Lucknow Police Zone and Lucknow Police Range, Lucknow Zone is headed by an [[Additional director general of police|Additional Director General]]-ranked IPS officer, and the Lucknow Range is headed [[Inspector-general of police|Inspector General]] ranked IPS officer. The current ADG, Lucknow Zone is SN Sabat,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uppolice.gov.in/frmOfficials.aspx?zonelko&cd=NwAxADIA|title=Officers posted at Lucknow Zone|website=[[Uttar Pradesh Police]]|access-date=15 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816072405/https://uppolice.gov.in/frmOfficials.aspx?zonelko&cd=NwAxADIA|archive-date=16 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> and IG, Lucknow Range is Suvendra Kumar Bhagat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uppolice.gov.in/frmOfficials.aspx?rangelko&cd=NwAxADkA|title=Officers posted at Lucknow Range|website=[[Uttar Pradesh Police]]|access-date=15 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816072909/https://uppolice.gov.in/frmOfficials.aspx?rangelko&cd=NwAxADkA|archive-date=16 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Police Commissionerate System was introduced in Lucknow on 14 January 2020. The district police is headed by a Commissioner of Police (CP), who is an [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer of ADG rank, and is assisted by two Joint Commissioners of Police (IG rank), and five Deputy Commissioners of Police (SP rank). Lucknow is divided into five zones, each headed by a Deputy Commissioner of Police. Of the two Joint Commissioners, one looks after law and order, the other crime. The current Commissioner of Police, Lucknow, is Sujeet Pandey.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/senior-ips-officer-sujit-pandey-charge-lucknow-police-commissioner-1636900-2020-01-15|title=Senior IPS officer Sujit Pandey to take charge as Lucknow police commissioner on Wednesday|date=15 January 2020|first=Nelanshu |last=Shukla

|work=India Today|language=en|access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref>

The district police observes the citizenry through high-technology control rooms and all important streets and intersections are under surveillance with the help of CCTVs and [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drone cameras]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/lucknow-news/lucknow-police-plans-to-use-drones-for-dispersing-mobs-751922|title=Lucknow Police Plans to Use Drones for Dispersing Mobs|access-date=25 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525141756/http://www.ndtv.com/lucknow-news/lucknow-police-plans-to-use-drones-for-dispersing-mobs-751922|archive-date=25 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Crowd-control is carried out with the help of pepper-spraying drones.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/lucknow-cops-get-pepperdrones-for-mob-control-surveillance/article7096242.ece|title=Lucknow cops get 'pepper-drones' for mob control, surveillance|date=13 April 2015|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=25 May 2015|issn=0971-751X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208233238/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/lucknow-cops-get-pepperdrones-for-mob-control-surveillance/article7096242.ece|archive-date=8 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

There are more than 10,000 CCTV cameras deployed by the Lucknow Police Department across the city roads and trijunctions, making Lucknow the first city in the country to do so.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m-economictimes-com.cdn.ampproject.org/c/s/m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/lucknow-police-deploying-smart-surveillance-system-to-make-the-city-safer/amp_articleshow/46914134.cms|title=Lucknow police deploying smart surveillance system to make the city safer - The Economic Times|website=m-economictimes-com.cdn.ampproject.org}}</ref>

The Lucknow Modern Police Control Room (abbreviated as MCR) is India's biggest [[Dial 100 Service|'Dial 100' service centre]] with 300 communication officers to receive distress calls from all over the state and 200 dispatch officers to rush for police help.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/uttar-pradesh/UP-poised-for-nations-biggest-Dial-100-service/articleshow/46993686.cms|title=UP poised for nation's biggest Dial 100 service – The Times of India|access-date=25 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208233238/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/uttar-pradesh/UP-poised-for-nations-biggest-Dial-100-service/articleshow/46993686.cms|archive-date=8 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> It is billed as the India's most hi-tech police control room.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Whats-inside-the-countrys-most-hi-tech-police-control-room/articleshow/46068306.cms|title=What's inside the 'country's most hi-tech police control room'?|website=The Times of India|access-date=25 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502094904/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Whats-inside-the-countrys-most-hi-tech-police-control-room/articleshow/46068306.cms|archive-date=2 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Lucknow is also the center for [[Women Power Line 1090|1090 Women Power line]], a call center based service directed at dealing with eve-teasing. An Integrated 'Dial 100' Control Room building is also under construction which, when completed, will be the world's biggest modern Police Emergency Response System (PERS).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/up-cm-lays-foundation-stone-for-integrated-dial-100-control-room/states/news/313128.html|title=UP CM lays foundation stone for integrated dial 100 control room|website=UNI India|access-date=29 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208233238/http://www.uniindia.com/up-cm-lays-foundation-stone-for-integrated-dial-100-control-room/states/news/313128.html|archive-date=8 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Judicial institutions ===

There is a bench of the [[Allahabad High Court]] in Lucknow. Aside from this, Lucknow has a District & Sessions Court, five CBI Courts, one family court and two railway courts. The High Court Bench as well as the District & Sessions Court and the CBI courts are located in Qaiser Bagh, and the railway courts are in Charbagh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lucknow/District Court in India {{!}} Official Website of District Court of India|url=https://districts.ecourts.gov.in/lucknow|access-date=2 November 2020|website=districts.ecourts.gov.in}}</ref>

=== Central government offices ===

[[File:Vidhan Sabha Lucknow.jpg|thumb|left|[[Uttar Pradesh]] [[Vidhan Sabha]]]]

Since 1 May 1963, Lucknow has been the headquarters of the [[Central Command (India)|Central Command]] of the [[Indian Army]], before which it was the headquarters of [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]].<ref name="TOI-2009-05-03">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-03/lucknow/28157520_1_ors-central-command-programmes|title=Central Command Raising Day concludes|date=3 May 2009|work=The Times of India|access-date=21 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010528/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-03/lucknow/28157520_1_ors-central-command-programmes|archive-date=5 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Infrastructure ====

The development of infrastructure in the city is overseen by Lucknow Development Authority (LDA), which comes under the Housing Department of [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh government]]. The [[Divisional Commissioner]] of Lucknow acts as the ''ex-officio'' chairman of LDA, whereas a vice-chairman, a government-appointed [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officer]], looks after the daily matters of the authority. The current vice-chairman of the Lucknow Development Authority is Prabhu Narayan Singh.<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 April 2017|title=LDA gets new VC, GNoida new chairman|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lda-gets-new-vc-gnoida-new-chairman/articleshow/58250228.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824160118/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lda-gets-new-vc-gnoida-new-chairman/articleshow/58250228.cms|archive-date=24 August 2017|access-date=15 August 2017|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=List of IAS officers who are Vice Chairmen of Development Authorities|url=http://niyuktionline.up.nic.in/ias/iaslist_posting.aspx?id1=MCMwIzQ0|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821130308/http://niyuktionline.up.nic.in/ias/iaslist_posting.aspx?id1=MCMwIzQ0|archive-date=21 August 2017|access-date=21 August 2017|website=Department of Appointment and Personnel, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]}}</ref> LDA prepared the Lucknow master plan 2031.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Master Plan 2031|url=http://www.ldaonline.in/doc/LDA/welcome/homepage/DOWNLOADS/46/MasterPlan2031.pdf;jsessionid=8E7BC40ADA7BA629CCF44859148BCFBE|access-date=2 November 2020|website=Lucknow Development Authority}}</ref>

As the seat of the [[government of Uttar Pradesh]], Lucknow is the site of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha]], a bench of the [[Allahabad High Court]] and numerous government departments and agencies.<ref name="Government Departments">{{cite web|url=http://lucknow.nic.in/government-offices/cgon.htm|title=List of Central Government Departments|access-date=27 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530105040/http://lucknow.nic.in/government-offices/cgon.htm|archive-date=30 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Rajnath Singh]], the [[Minister of Defence (India)|Union Defense Minister]], from Bharatiya Janata Party is the [[Member of parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] from [[Lucknow (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lucknow Lok Sabha Constituency]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 May 2019|last=PTI|title=Lucknow Lok Sabha results 2019: Rajnath Singh wins with over 6.3 lakh votes|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/lucknow-lok-sabha-result-rajnath-singh-wins-1533209-2019-05-23|access-date=20 October 2020|work=India Today|language=en}}</ref> Apart from the Lok Sabha Constituency, there are five Vidhan Sabha Constituencies within Lucknow city:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh|url=http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/035_PC_Statistics_English.aspx|access-date=20 October 2020|website=ceouttarpradesh.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jan Pratinidhi {{!}} District Lucknow , Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India|url=https://lucknow.nic.in/mla/|access-date=20 October 2020|language=en-US}}</ref>

|[[Suresh Kumar Srivastava]]

|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]

|[[Neeraj Bora]]

|[[Ashutosh Tandon|Asutosh Tandon Gopal]]

|[[Lucknow Cantt. (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lucknow Cantt]]

|[[Suresh Chandra Tiwari]] (through by-elections in 2019 after the 2017 elect MLA [[Rita Bahuguna Joshi]] won the Allahabad Lok Sabha elections)

Madhyanchal Power Distribution Corporation Limited, also known as Madhyanchal Vidyut Vitaran Nigam is responsible for supplying electricity in Lucknow. It is under the [[Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited|Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Ltd]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Electricity {{!}} District Lucknow , Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India|url=https://lucknow.nic.in/service/electricity/|access-date=2 November 2020|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited, Government of Uttar Pradesh, India. / About UPPCL / Agencies under the Administrative Control|url=https://www.upenergy.in/uppcl/en/page/agencies-under-the-administrative-control|access-date=2 November 2020|website=www.upenergy.in}}</ref> Fire safety services are provided by the Uttar Pradesh Fire Service, which is under the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|state government.]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Us|url=http://upfireservice.gov.in/upfire/|access-date=2 October 2020|website=Uttar Pradesh Fire Service}}</ref> Jal Nigam is responsible for developing and maintaining the infrastructure for water supply, sewer lines, and storm water drains.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Jal Nigam|url=http://jn.upsdc.gov.in/page/en/about-jal-nigam,-uttar-pradesh|access-date=2 November 2020|website=Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam}}</ref> Jal Sansthan is responsible for supplying water and providing water and sewer connections.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lucknow Jal Sansthan|url=https://jklmc.gov.in/AboutUs.aspx|access-date=2 November 2020|website=jklmc.gov.in}}</ref> Lucknow Municipal Corporation is responsible for the solid waste management of Lucknow.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 April 2017|title=Waste management in a mess, Lucknow growing by heaps and bounds!|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/waste-management-in-a-mess-lucknow-growing-by-heaps-and-bounds/story-WyYbOYTmaOVpAJz0Hd4FjN.html|access-date=2 November 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

Two major Indian National Highways have their intersection at Lucknow's [[Hazratganj]] intersection: [[National Highway 24 (India)|NH-24]] to Delhi, [[National Highway 24B (India)|NH-30]] to [[Allahabad]] via [[Raebareli]], [[National Highway 27 (India)|NH-27]] to [[Porbandar]] via [[Jhansi]] and [[Silchar]] via [[Gorakhpur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=National Highways of India|website=Department of Road Transport And Highways|access-date=18 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201124738/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Multiple modes of public transport are available such as metro rail, taxis, city buses, [[cycle rickshaw]]s, [[auto rickshaw]]s and [[Compressed natural gas|compressed natural gas (CNG)]] low-floor buses with and without air-conditioning. CNG was introduced as an auto fuel to keep air pollution under control. Radio Taxis are operated by several major companies like Ola and Uber.

The major [[B. R. Ambedkar|Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar]] Inter-state Bus Terminal (ISBT) in [[Alambagh]] provides the main inter and intrastate bus lines in Lucknow. Located on [[National Highway 25 (India)|National Highway 25]], it provides adequate services to ongoing and incoming customers. There is a smaller bus station at [[Qaiserbagh]]. The bus terminal formally operated at [[Charbagh]], in front of the [[Lucknow Charbagh railway station|main railway station]], has now been re-established as a city bus depot. This decision was taken by the state government and UPSRTC to decongest traffic in the railway station area. [[Kanpur Lucknow Roadways Service]] is a key service for daily commuters who travel back and forth to the city for business and educational purposes. Air conditioned "Royal Cruiser" buses manufactured by Volvo are operated by UPSRTC for inter state bus services. Main cities served by the UPSRTC intrastate bus service are [[Allahabad]], [[Varanasi]], [[Jaipur]], [[Jhansi]], [[Agra]], [[Delhi]], [[Gorakhpur]]. The cities outside Uttar Pradesh that are covered by inter-state bus services are [[Jaipur]], New Delhi, [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], [[Singrauli]], [[Faridabad]], [[Gurgaon]], [[Dausa]], [[Ajmer]], [[Dehradun]], and [[Haridwar]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Inter-state-bus-terminal-opened/articleshow/26300849.cms|title = Inter State Bus Terminal opened|access-date = 27 August 2014|work = The Times of India|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151025220425/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Inter-state-bus-terminal-opened/articleshow/26300849.cms|archive-date = 25 October 2015|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref>

[[File:Charbagh Railway Station, Lucknow.jpg|thumb|left|Lucknow Railway Station]]

The planned expansion of the airport will allow [[Airbus A380]] jumbo jets to land at the airport. The Nagarjuna construction company (NCC) has started the construction of the new terminal at [[Lucknow Airport]] which is expected to be completed by December 2021 to meet the growing demand.<ref>{{cite news|title= Pandemic delays work on swanky Terminal 3 at CCS Airport by a year|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/lucknow/lucknow-pandemic-delays-work-on-swanky-terminal-3-at-ccs-airport-by-a-year/amp_articleshow/77906039.cms|date=3 September 2020}}</ref> There is also a plan for runway expansion. It is the tenth-busiest airport in India, busiest in [[Uttar Pradesh]], and the second-busiest in northern India.  

{{See also|Lucknow Metro}}

'''[[Lucknow Metro]]''' is a [[Rapid transit|rapid transit system]] which started its operations from 6 September 2017. Lucknow Metro system is the most-quickly built metro system in the world<ref>{{cite news | url=http://b-live.in/2017/06/23/metro-man-appeals-people-keep-metro-clean/ | title=Metro Man Appeals to People to Keep Metro Clean | publisher=Blive | date=23 June 2017 | access-date=2 April 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108110912/http://b-live.in/2017/06/23/metro-man-appeals-people-keep-metro-clean/ | archive-date=8 November 2017 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> and most economical high-speed rapid transit system project in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Lucknow Metro Rail fastest and most economical project in India|url = http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lucknow-metro-rail-fastest-and-most-economical-project-in-india-115111600808_1.html|access-date = 28 December 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151219161028/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lucknow-metro-rail-fastest-and-most-economical-project-in-india-115111600808_1.html|archive-date = 19 December 2015|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref> The commencement of civil works started on 27 September 2014.<ref name="construct-Sept">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-Metro-construction-begins-Akhilesh-fulfils-promise-to-father/articleshow/43663937.cms |title=Lucknow Metro construction begins, Akhilesh fulfils promise to father |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 September 2014 |access-date=1 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002041245/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/City/Lucknow/Lucknow-Metro-construction-begins-Akhilesh-fulfils-promise-to-father/articleshow/43663937.cms |archive-date=2 October 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

In February, Chief Minister [[Akhilesh Yadav]] gave the approval to set up a metro rail system for the state capital. It is divided into two corridors with the North-South corridor connecting Munshipulia to CCS International Airport and the East-West corridor connecting Charbagh Railway Station to Vasant Kunj. This will be the most expensive public transport system in the state but will provide a rapid means of mass transport to decongest traffic on city roads. Construction of the first phase will be complete by March 2017. The completion of metro rail project is the primary object of Uttar Pradesh government currently headed by the chief minister [[Yogi Adityanath]]<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.railnews.co.in/dmrc-assures-lucknow-metro-rail-first-phase-completion-by-february-2017/|title = DMRC assures Lucknow Metro first phase completion|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = railnews|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140819130005/http://www.railnews.co.in/dmrc-assures-lucknow-metro-rail-first-phase-completion-by-february-2017/|archive-date = 19 August 2014|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref>

According to the provisional report of [[2011 Census of India]], Lucknow city had a population of 2,815,601, of which 1,470,133 were men and 1,345,468 women.<ref name="Lko city census">{{cite web|title=Cities having population 100,000 and above|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|access-date=18 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|archive-date=7 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="census">{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook - Lucknow|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0926_PART_B_DCHB_LUCKNOW.pdf|website=Census of India|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner|access-date=7 June 2016|page=28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114013200/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0926_PART_B_DCHB_LUCKNOW.pdf|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> This was an increase of 25.36% compared to the 2001 figures.

The sex ratio in Lucknow city stood at 915 females per 1000 males in 2011, compared to the 2001 census figure of 888. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 according to the Census 2011 Directorate.<ref name="Lko city census" /> The city has a total literacy level in 2011 of 84.72% compared to 67.68% for Uttar Pradesh as a whole.<ref name="Lko city census" /> In 2001 these same figures stood at 75.98% and 56.27%. In Lucknow city, the total literate population totalled 2,147,564 people of which 1,161,250 were male and 986,314 were female.<ref name="Lko city census" /><ref name="literacy improvement">{{cite news|title=UP improves literacy rate, child sex ratio dips: Census|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-02/lucknow/29374065_1_female-literacy-literacy-rate-growth-rate|work=The Times of India|access-date=2 April 2011|date=2 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505082254/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-02/lucknow/29374065_1_female-literacy-literacy-rate-growth-rate|archive-date=5 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite the fact that the overall work-participation rate in the district (32.24%) is higher than the state average (23.7%), the rate among females in Lucknow is very low at only 5.6% and shows a decline from the 1991 figure of 5.9%.<ref name="city literacy">{{cite news|title=Upsurge in state literacy|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-08-21/lucknow/27248494_1_literacy-rate-basic-education-primary-schools|work=The Times of India|access-date=21 August 2001|date=21 August 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505085303/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-08-21/lucknow/27248494_1_literacy-rate-basic-education-primary-schools|archive-date=5 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?284526 |title=Riding His Lucknow &#124; Sharat Pradhan |magazine=Outlook India |access-date=27 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227072926/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?284526 |archive-date=27 December 2013 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

[[File:Lucknow Skyline From Gomti Nagar.jpg|thumb|left|<center>Skyline of Lucknow as seen from Gomti Nagar</center>]]

The Bara Imambara, Chhota Imambara and Rumi Darwaza stand in testament to the city's Nawabi mixture of Mughlai and Turkish style of architecture while La Martiniere college bears witness to the Indo-European style. Even the new buildings are fashioned using characteristic domes and pillars, and at night these illuminated monuments become the city's main attractions.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://tcpomud.gov.in/Divisions/IEP/Urban%20Land%20Price%20Scenario%20Lucknow/Chapter-3(Rich%20Urban%20Heritage%20Lcknow).doc|title = Rich Urban Heritage of Lucknow|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = Town and Country Planning Organisation|publisher = Government of India|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140903111516/http://tcpomud.gov.in/Divisions/IEP/Urban%20Land%20Price%20Scenario%20Lucknow/Chapter-3(Rich%20Urban%20Heritage%20Lcknow).doc|archive-date = 3 September 2014|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref>

Around [[Hazratganj]], the city's central shopping area, there is a fusion of old and modern architecture. It has a multi-level parking lot in place of an old and dilapidated police station making way for extending the corridors into pebbled pathways, adorned with piazzas, green areas and wrought-iron and cast-iron lamp-posts, reminiscent of the [[Victorian architecture|Victorian era]], flank both sides of the street.<ref name="ibnlive.in.com 141311-3">{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/magic-makeover-for-lucknows-famed-hazratganj/141311-3.html |title=Magic makeover for Lucknow's famed Hazratganj – IBNLive |publisher=IBN Live |access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730013905/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/magic-makeover-for-lucknows-famed-hazratganj/141311-3.html |archive-date=30 July 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In common with other metropolitan cities across India, Lucknow is multicultural and multilingual.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Rain-brings-relief-to-Lucknowites/articleshow/38339591.cms |title=Rain brings relief to Lucknowites|newspaper=The Times of India |date=14 July 2014 |access-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815213808/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Rain-brings-relief-to-Lucknowites/articleshow/38339591.cms |archive-date=15 August 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Narendra-Modis-messages-to-Lucknowites/articleshow/34305188.cms |title=Narendra Modi's messages to Lucknowites|newspaper=The Times of India |date=28 April 2014 |access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816013914/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Narendra-Modis-messages-to-Lucknowites/articleshow/34305188.cms |archive-date=16 August 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Many of the cultural traits and customs peculiar to Lucknow have become living legends today. The city's contemporary culture is the result of the amalgamation of the Hindu and Muslim rulers who ruled the city simultaneously. The credit for this goes to the secular and syncretic traditions of the [[Nawab]]s of Awadh, who took a keen interest in every walk of life and encouraged these traditions to attain a rare degree of sophistication. Modern day Lucknowites are known for their polite and polished way of speaking which is noticed by visitors. The residents of Lucknow call themselves ''Lucknowites'' or ''Lakhnavi''.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Rain-brings-relief-to-Lucknowites/articleshow/38339591.cms|title = Rain brings relief to Lucknowites|date = 14 July 2014|access-date = 28 July 2014|website = The Times of India|publisher = Times News Network|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150815213808/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Rain-brings-relief-to-Lucknowites/articleshow/38339591.cms|archive-date = 15 August 2015|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref> It also represents the melting pot of globalisation where the legacy of Nawab's culture continues to be reflected in the traditional vocabulary of the Hindi language of the city along with better avenues for modernisation present here.

Lucknow is known for its ghararas. It is a traditional women's outfit that originated from the [[Nawab]]s of [[Awadh]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hXxCAAAAYAAJ|title=Yojana|date=1 January 1962|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting|language=en}}</ref> It is a pair of loose trousers with pleats below the knee worn with a [[kurta]] (shirt) and a [[dupatta]] (veil). It is embroidered with [[zari]] and [[zardozi]] along with gota (decorative lace on knee area). This dress is made from over 24 metres of fabric, mostly silk, [[brocade]] and kamkhwab.

==Language and poetry==

Although Uttar Pradesh's primary official language is [[Hindi]], the most commonly spoken language is colloquial [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.lucknow.org.uk/culture/index.html|title = Culture of Lucknow|access-date = 25 August 2014|website = Lucknowcity|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150119025507/http://www.lucknow.org.uk/culture/index.html|archive-date = 19 January 2015|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref> [[Indian English]] is also well understood and is widely used for business and administrative purposes, as a result of [[British Raj|India's British heritage]] and [[English in the Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth tradition]], as well as globalisation. The Urdu language is also a part of Lucknowi culture and heritage. It is mostly used by wealthier families, the remaining members of the royal family as well as in [[Urdu poetry]] and on public signs. The government has taken many innovative steps to promote Urdu.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-30/lucknow/35484263_1_hindi-and-urdu-urdu-words-akhilesh-yadav | title=Govt committed to promote Urdu: Akhilesh Yadav | work=The Times of India | date=30 November 2012 | access-date=30 January 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505064032/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-30/lucknow/35484263_1_hindi-and-urdu-urdu-words-akhilesh-yadav | archive-date=5 May 2013 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]], a dialect of the Hindi [[dialect continuum]], is the native dialect of Lucknow and has played an important role in Lucknow's history and is still used in the city's rural areas and by the urban population on the streets.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://lucknowliteraryfestival.com/about/|title = About Lucknow Literary Festival|access-date = 28 August 2014|website = Lucknow Literary Festival|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140903085003/http://lucknowliteraryfestival.com/about/|archive-date = 3 September 2014|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref>

:Processions such as ''Shahi Zarih'', ''Jaloos-e-Mehndi'', ''Alam-e-Ashura'' and ''[[Chup Tazia]]'' had special significance for the Shia community and were affected with great religious zeal and fervour until in 1977 the government of Uttar Pradesh banned public Azadari processions. For the following twenty years, processions and gatherings took place in private or community spaces including Talkatora karbala, [[Bara Imambara]] (Imambara Asifi), [[Chota Imambara]] (Imambara Husainabad), Dargah Hazrat Abbas, Shah Najaf and [[Imambara Ghufran Ma'ab]]. The ban was partially lifted in 1997 and Shias were successful in taking out the first Azadari procession in January 1998 on the 21st of [[Ramadan]], the Muslim fasting month. The Shias are authorised to stage nine processions out of the nine hundred that are listed in the register of the Shias.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://lucknowlive12.blogspot.in/p/festivals-in-lucknow.html|title = Festivals in Lucknow|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = lucknowlive|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140903143251/http://lucknowlive12.blogspot.in/p/festivals-in-lucknow.html|archive-date = 3 September 2014|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref>

The procession originated in Lucknow before spreading to other parts of South Asia. Dating back to the era of the Nawabs, it was started by Nawab Ahmed Ali Khan Sahukat Yar Jung a descendant&nbsp;of Bahu Begum. It has become one of the most important Azadari processions in Lucknow and one of the nine permitted by the government. This last mourning procession takes place on the morning of the 8th of [[Rabi' al-awwal]], the third Muslim month and includes ''alam'' (flags), ''[[Zari]]'' and a ''[[ta'zieh]]'' (an imitation of an imitation of the mausoleums in [[Karbala]]). It originates at the [[Hussainia|Imambara]] Nazim Saheb in Victoria Street then moves in complete silence through Patanala until it terminates at the Karbala Kazmain, where the colossal black ''ta'zieh'' is buried.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url = http://twocircles.net/2010feb23/chup_tazia_procession_lucknow_religious_and_cultural_tradition.html#.U_2CgtK1bPw|title = Chup Tazia" procession in Lucknow: A religious and cultural tradition|access-date = 27 August 2014|publisher = twocircles|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140903032430/http://twocircles.net/2010feb23/chup_tazia_procession_lucknow_religious_and_cultural_tradition.html#.U_2CgtK1bPw|archive-date = 3 September 2014|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref>

* [[Bada Mangal]] festival is celebrated in the month of May as a birthday of ancient Hanuman temple known as Purana Mandir. In this festival fairs are conducted by the local public in the whole city. Bhandaras are organised by local people almost in all streets across the city which serves free food to all the passersby irrespective of religion. Many of the Muslim Community also set up these bhandaras. It is celebrated in the name of Hindu God Lord Hanuman and reflects the Ganga Jamuni Tehzeeb.<ref name="auto"/>

''Chikankari'' is an embroidery work well known all over India. This 400-year-old art in its present form was developed in Lucknow and it remains the only location where the skill is practised today. ''Chikankari'' constitutes 'shadow work' and is a delicate and artistic hand embroidery done using white thread on fine white cotton cloth such as fine muslin or chiffon. Yellowish ''muga'' silk is sometimes used in addition to the white thread. The work is done on caps, ''[[kurta]]''s, ''[[sari]]''s, scarfs, and other vestments.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://lucknowcity.com/chikankari.php|title = Chikankari|access-date = 28 August 2014|website = Lucknow City|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140903100747/http://lucknowcity.com/chikankari.php|archive-date = 3 September 2014|df = dmy-all}}</ref> The ''chikan'' industry, almost unknown under the Nawabs, has not only survived but has flourished. About 2,500 entrepreneurs are engaged in manufacturing ''chikan'' for sale in local, national and international markets with Lucknow the largest exporter of ''chikan'' embroidered garments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chikanbarn.com/Resources/85fd99ef-58a6-4bd8-9a2c-09494d8b8d20/Documents/671/Popularity%20of%20Chikankari%20outside%20India%20and%20its%20Export.pdf |title=Popularity of Chikankari outside India and exports |access-date=27 August 2014 |publisher=chikanbarn |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728214131/http://www.chikanbarn.com/Resources/85fd99ef-58a6-4bd8-9a2c-09494d8b8d20/Documents/671/Popularity%20of%20Chikankari%20outside%20India%20and%20its%20Export.pdf |archive-date=28 July 2014 }}</ref>

As a sign of recognition, in December 2008, the Indian [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)|Geographical Indication Registry (GIR)]] accorded Geographical Indication (GI) status for ''chikankari'', recognising Lucknow as the exclusive hub for its manufacture.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chikankari GI a step towards international branding|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-01-16/lucknow/28040361_1_geographical-indication-lucknow-gi-certification|access-date=10 July 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=16 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131113159/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-01-16/lucknow/28040361_1_geographical-indication-lucknow-gi-certification|archive-date=31 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

Lucknow is home to a number of prominent educational and research organisations including [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]] (IIM-L), [[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Lucknow]] (IIIT-L), [[Central Drug Research Institute]] (CDRI), [[Indian Institute of Toxicology Research]], [[National Botanical Research Institute]] (NBRI), [[Institute of Engineering and Technology]] (IET Lko), [[Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia National Law University|Dr'''. '''Ram Manohar Lohia National Law University]] (RMNLU), [[Institute of Hotel Management, Lucknow]] (IHM), [[Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences]] (SGPGI), [[Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences]] and [[King George's Medical University]] (KGMU).<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.career-info.in/india/colleges/list-of-colleges-in-lucknow.html|title = List of Top Colleges in Lucknow|access-date = 28 August 2014|website = Career Info|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140903111739/http://www.career-info.in/india/colleges/list-of-colleges-in-lucknow.html|archive-date = 3 September 2014|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref> [[The National P. G. College]] (NPGC), affiliated to the [[University of Lucknow]], is ranked as the second-best college imparting formal education in the country by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/National-PG-College-rated-second-best-in-the-country/articleshow/30872493.cms|title=National PG College rated second best in the country|date=23 February 2014|work=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208233238/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/National-PG-College-rated-second-best-in-the-country/articleshow/30872493.cms|archive-date=8 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[La Martiniere Lucknow]], founded in 1845, is the only school in the world to have been awarded a [[battle honour]].<ref>{{cite web|title = Infrastructure – La Martiniere College|url = http://www.lamartinierelucknow.org/about/infrastructure|website = lamartinierelucknow.org|access-date = 26 May 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150526214103/http://www.lamartinierelucknow.org/about/infrastructure|archive-date = 26 May 2015|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref> It is one of the oldest and most reputed schools in India, often ranked among the top ten schools in the country.<ref>{{cite web|title = Loreto, La Martiniere among top-10 schools in the country|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/Loreto-La-Martiniere-among-top-10-schools-in-the-country/articleshow/22472517.cms|website = The Times of India|access-date = 26 May 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150524105318/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/Loreto-La-Martiniere-among-top-10-schools-in-the-country/articleshow/22472517.cms|archive-date = 24 May 2015|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = History – La Martiniere College|url = http://www.lamartinierelucknow.org/about/history|website = lamartinierelucknow.org|access-date = 26 May 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150526212935/http://www.lamartinierelucknow.org/about/history|archive-date = 26 May 2015|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref> Lucknow also has a sports college named [[Guru Gobind Singh Sports College]].

Lucknow has had an influence on the [[Bollywood|Hindi film industry]] as the birthplace of poet, dialogue writer and script writer [[K. P. Saxena]], Suresh Chandra Shukla born 10 February 1954<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hindi.oneindia.in/news/lucknow/famous-poet-of-lucknow-kp-saxena-passes-away-270391.html#infinite-scroll-1|title=Famous Poet of Lucknow KP Saxena passes away|last=Mohan|first=Ajay|date=31 October 2013|publisher=One India|language=hi|access-date=4 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303220102/http://hindi.oneindia.in/news/lucknow/famous-poet-of-lucknow-kp-saxena-passes-away-270391.html#infinite-scroll-1|archive-date=3 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> along with veteran Bollywood and Bengali film actor [[Pahari Sanyal]], who came from the city's well known Sanyal family.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mukhopadhyay|first=Sudhiranjan|title=Hemanta- The Early Years|url=http://faculty.ist.unomaha.edu/pdasgupta/hemanta/articles/early_years.html|publisher=University of Nebraska Ohama Faculty|access-date=8 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716210645/http://faculty.ist.unomaha.edu/pdasgupta/hemanta/articles/early_years.html|archive-date=16 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-10-16/lucknow/28265718_1_bengali-club-puja-venues-durga-puja|newspaper=The Times of India|date=16 October 2010|title=Gen X losing interest in Durga Puja|access-date=8 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505044510/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-10-16/lucknow/28265718_1_bengali-club-puja-venues-durga-puja|archive-date=5 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

Several movies have used Lucknow as their backdrop including [[Shashi Kapoor]]'s ''[[Junoon (1978 film)|Junoon]]'', Muzaffar Ali's ''[[Umrao Jaan (1981 film)|Umrao Jaan]]'' and ''[[Gaman]]'', [[Satyajit Ray]]'s ''[[Shatranj ke khiladi]]''. [[Ismail Merchant]]'s ''[[Shakespeare Wallah]]'', [[Paa (film)|PAA]] and Shailendra Pandey's ''[[JD (film)|JD]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Govind-Namdev-shoots-in-Lucknow/articleshow/46723413.cms|title=Govind Namdev shoots in Lucknow - Times of India|access-date=30 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521050611/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Govind-Namdev-shoots-in-Lucknow/articleshow/46723413.cms|archive-date=21 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1159999/Teen-Patti-wont-release-with-Paa|title = Teen Patti won't release with Paa|date = 24 September 2009|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = Bolluwood Hungama|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140903142630/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1159999/Teen-Patti-wont-release-with-Paa|archive-date = 3 September 2014|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url = https://www.academia.edu/492495|title = Cultural Imperialism and Intercultural Encounter in Merchant Ivory's Shakespeare Wallah|issue = 1|pages = 149–167|access-date = 27 August 2014|journal = Asian Theatre Journal|volume = 28|publisher = Project Muse- Johns Hopkins University|last = Venning|first = Dan|s2cid = 163049623|doi = 10.1353/atj.2011.0000|year = 2011}}</ref> In the movie ''[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]'' Lucknow was used to depict [[Pakistan]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmapia.com/published/movies/g/gadar-ek-prem-katha |title=Movie > Gadar: Ek Prem Katha &#124; Movies and Locations &#124; Filmapia – Reel Sites. Real Sights |publisher=Filmapia |date=8 June 2014 |access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221230526/http://www.filmapia.com/published/movies/g/gadar-ek-prem-katha |archive-date=21 February 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref> with locations including Lal Pul, the Taj Hotel and the [[Rumi Darwaza]] used in ''[[Tanu Weds Manu]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Adejonwo |first=Damilola |url=http://kanganaranautinfo.blogspot.in/2009/10/kangana-talks-about-shooting-tanu-weds.html |title=Number #1 Resource For Everything Kangana Ranaut: Kangana Talks About Shooting Tanu Weds Manu |publisher=Kangana Ranaut Info |date=26 October 2009 |access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222215801/http://kanganaranautinfo.blogspot.in/2009/10/kangana-talks-about-shooting-tanu-weds.html |archive-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Some parts of ''[[Ladies vs Ricky Bahl]]'', ''[[Bullett Raja]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://videos.oneindia.in/watch/77389/bullet-raja-shooting-at-lucknow.html |title=Bullet Raja shooting at Lucknow – Oneindia Videos |publisher=One India |date=27 November 2012 |access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222041132/http://videos.oneindia.in/watch/77389/bullet-raja-shooting-at-lucknow.html |archive-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''[[Ishaqzaade]]''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-07/news-interviews/31304721_1_ishaqzaade-release-preponed |title=Ishaqzaade release preponed|newspaper=Times of India |access-date=4 August 2014}}</ref> ''[[Ya Rab]]'' and ''[[Dabangg 2]]'' were shot in Lucknow or at other sites nearby.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Dabangg-2-Salman-skips-shoot-in-Lucknow-Kanpur/articleshow/16383364.cms|title = Dabangg 2: Salman skips shoot in Lucknow, Kanpur|date = 13 September 2012|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = The Times of India|last = Jha|first = Subhash K|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151025221936/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Dabangg-2-Salman-skips-shoot-in-Lucknow-Kanpur/articleshow/16383364.cms|archive-date = 25 October 2015|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref> A major section of the Bollywood movie, [[Daawat-e-Ishq]] starring [[Aditya Roy Kapur]] and [[Parineeti Chopra]] was shot in the city<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/spotted-aditya-roy-kapoor-parineeti-in-lucknow-for-yrf-s-dawaat-e-ishq/article1-1152812.aspx |title=SPOTTED! Aditya Roy Kapoor, Parineeti in Lucknow for YRF's Dawaat-e-Ishq |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=18 November 2013 |access-date=4 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508210945/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/spotted-aditya-roy-kapoor-parineeti-in-lucknow-for-yrf-s-dawaat-e-ishq/article1-1152812.aspx |archive-date=8 May 2014 }}</ref> as was [[Baawre]], an Indian TV drama, airing on the [[Life OK]] channel. The government has announced to develop two film cities in Lucknow.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.televisionpost.com/television/baawre-bringing-alive-the-quaintness-of-lucknow/ |title='Baawre': Bringing alive the quaintness of Lucknow |work=Television Post|access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808112631/http://www.televisionpost.com/television/baawre-bringing-alive-the-quaintness-of-lucknow/ |archive-date=8 August 2014 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Here are some newspaper companies working and give online news services to the news readers including [[Amar Ujala]],<ref name=NSP>{{cite news|title=Hindi Newspapers|url=http://www.amarujala.com/lucknow|newspaper=[[Amar Ujala]]|access-date=2 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602040830/http://www.amarujala.com/lucknow|archive-date=2 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Dainik Jagran]], [[Hindustan Times]], [[The Times of India]]'' and ''[[Dainik Bhaskar]]''.

[[File:Ekana cricket stadium .jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Bharat Ratna Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Ekana Cricket Stadium]], Lucknow]]

The main sports hub is the [[K. D. Singh Babu Stadium, Lucknow|K. D. Singh Babu Stadium]], which also has a swimming pool and indoor games complex. There are plans to develop KDSB stadium on the lines of Ekana Stadium. KDSB stadium needs Rs 2&nbsp;billion in funds to redesign and upgrade as per international standard. The other stadiums are Dhyan Chand Astroturf Stadium, Mohammed Shahid Synthetic Hockey Stadium, Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Stadium at Northern India Engineering College,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.buzzintown.com/lucknow/venues/dr-akhilesh-das-gupta-stadium-faizabad-road/segment--events/id--49482.html |title=DR Akhilesh Das Gupta Stadium, Faizabad Road, Lucknow &#124; Outdoor Stadiums in Faizabad Road, Lucknow &#124; buy tickets for venues |publisher=Buzzintown |access-date=4 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923195744/http://www.buzzintown.com/lucknow/venues/dr-akhilesh-das-gupta-stadium-faizabad-road/segment--events/id--49482.html |archive-date=23 September 2015 }}</ref> Babu Banarsi Das UP Badminton Academy, Charbagh, Mahanagar, Chowk and the Sports College near the [[Integral University (Lucknow)|Integral University]].

In September 2017, [[Ekana International Cricket Stadium]] was opened to public as it hosted [[2017–18 Duleep Trophy|2017-18 Duleep Trophy]]. On 6 November 2018 [[Ekana International Cricket Stadium]] hosted its first T20 international match between [[Indian national cricket team]] and [[West Indies cricket team]]. It is the second-largest stadium in India by capacity after [[Kolkata]]'s [[Eden Gardens]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-lucknow-gets-first-international-stadium-set-to-host-cricket-matches-1102253.html|script-title=hi:लखनऊ को मिला देश का दूसरा 'ईडन गार्डन', अंतर्राष्ट्रीय क्रिकेट मैच की मेजबानी के लिए तैयार– News18 हिंदी|website=News18 India|access-date=28 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907123520/https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-lucknow-gets-first-international-stadium-set-to-host-cricket-matches-1102253.html|archive-date=7 September 2017|url-status=live|date=7 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/duleep-trophy-2017-season-to-begin-at-lucknow-s-new-ekana-stadium/story-WZWXSbpNAN3NaxevilMYSO.html|title=Duleep Trophy 2017 season to begin at Lucknow's new Ekana stadium|date=31 August 2017|work=hindustantimes.com/|access-date=28 September 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928151629/http://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/duleep-trophy-2017-season-to-begin-at-lucknow-s-new-ekana-stadium/story-WZWXSbpNAN3NaxevilMYSO.html|archive-date=28 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> For decades Lucknow hosted the [[Sheesh Mahal Cricket Tournament]].

| [[Major Dhyan Chand Stadium, Lucknow]]

| Babu Banarasi Das Indoor Stadium Lucknow

The city has parks and [[recreation]] areas managed by the Lucknow Development Authority. These<ref>{{cite web |url=http://picnic-spots-parks-lucknow.blogspot.in/ |title=Picnik Spots and Parks in Lucknow |publisher=Picnik Spots and Parks in Lucknow Blog |date=12 October 2011 |access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808220526/http://picnic-spots-parks-lucknow.blogspot.in/ |archive-date=8 August 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> include [[Kukrail Reserve Forest]], [[Qaisar Bagh]], [[Lohia path|Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Park]], Eco park of Lucknow, the [[Ambedkar Memorial Park|Ambedkar Memorial]] and [[Janeshwar Mishra Park, Lucknow|Janeshwar Mishra park]], the largest park in Asia. It boasts of lush greenery, a man-made lake, India's longest cycling and jogging track and a variety of flora. The plan is also to set up a giant Ferris wheel inside the park on the lines of London Eye, providing a panoramic view of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://sites.google.com/site/visitlucknow/|title = Picnic Spots, Parks in Lucknow|access-date = 27 August 2014|website = Visit Lucknow|publisher = Google Sites|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141231050900/https://sites.google.com/site/visitlucknow/|archive-date = 31 December 2014|url-status = live|df = dmy-all}}</ref> Kukrail Picnic Spot (crocodile-breeding sanctuary), located near Lucknow Indiranagar Area. This is Asia's largest crocodile-breeding center. This along with a small zoo and ample open space make it unique.

| [[Brisbane]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-chosen-Brisbanes-sister-city/articleshow/4343169.cms|title=Lucknow chosen Brisbane's sister city|website=The Times of India|access-date=21 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208233238/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-chosen-Brisbanes-sister-city/articleshow/4343169.cms|archive-date=8 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:Cities and towns in Uttar Pradesh]]<!--state capital city-->