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{{short description| | {{short description|Prime Minister of India from 1990 to 1991}} | ||
{{distinguish|Chandra Shekhar (Uttarakhand politician)}} | {{distinguish|Chandra Shekhar (Uttarakhand politician)}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}} | {{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}} | ||
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| name = Chandra Shekhar | | name = Chandra Shekhar | ||
| alt = Chandra Shekhar Singh | | alt = Chandra Shekhar Singh | ||
| image = Chandra Shekhar Singh.jpg | | image = Chandra Shekhar Singh enhanced.jpg | ||
| image_size = | | image_size = | ||
| caption = Chandra Shekhar | | caption = Chandra Shekhar | ||
| office = 8th [[Prime Minister of India]] | | office = 8th [[Prime Minister of India]] | ||
| president = [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|R. Venkataraman]] | | president = [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|R. Venkataraman]] | ||
| Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
| predecessor4 = Chandrika Prasad | | predecessor4 = Chandrika Prasad | ||
| successor4 = [[Jagannath Chowdhary]] | | successor4 = [[Jagannath Chowdhary]] | ||
| office5 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] | |||
| term_start5 = {{Start date|1962||}} | |||
| term_end5 = {{End date|1977||}} | |||
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1927|07|01|df=y}} | | birth_date = {{Birth date|1927|07|01|df=y}} | ||
| birth_place = [[Ibrahimpatti]], [[Ballia]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British India]]<br>(now in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India) | | birth_place = [[Ibrahimpatti]], [[Ballia]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British India]]<br>(now in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India) | ||
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| signature = Chandrashekhar-Prime-Minister.jpg | | signature = Chandrashekhar-Prime-Minister.jpg | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Chandra Shekhar Singh''' (1 July 1927 – 8 July 2007) was an Indian politician who served as the [[List of Prime Ministers of India|8th]] [[Prime Minister of India]], between 10 November 1990 and 21 June 1991. He headed a minority government of a breakaway faction of the [[Janata Dal]] with outside support from the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name="NYT">{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/10/world/rival-of-singh-becomes-india-premier.html?pagewanted=1 | title=Rival of Singh Becomes India Premier | publisher=[[The New York Times]] | work=Sanjoy Hazarika | date=10 November 1990 | access-date=20 December 2018}}</ref> He | '''Chandra Shekhar Singh''' (1 July 1927 – 8 July 2007) was an Indian politician who served as the [[List of Prime Ministers of India|8th]] [[Prime Minister of India]], between 10 November 1990 and 21 June 1991. He headed a minority government of a breakaway faction of the [[Janata Dal]] with outside support from the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name="NYT">{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/10/world/rival-of-singh-becomes-india-premier.html?pagewanted=1 | title=Rival of Singh Becomes India Premier | publisher=[[The New York Times]] | work=Sanjoy Hazarika | date=10 November 1990 | access-date=20 December 2018}}</ref> He was the first Indian Prime Minister who had never held any Government office.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/11/world/socialist-is-installed-as-india-s-eighth-prime-minister.html | title=Socialist Is Installed as India's Eleventh Prime Minister | publisher=[[The New York Times]] | work=Sanjoy Hazarika | date=11 November 1990 | access-date=20 December 2018}}</ref> | ||
His government was largely seen as a "puppet"<ref name="WC">{{cite book|title=The Working Class|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_b6KKd8wut4C|access-date=20 December 2018|year=1990|publisher=Centre of Indian Trade Unions|page=86}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Puppet on a String|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tWVOAQAAIAAJ|date=October 1990|publisher=Far Eastern Economic Review|page=6}}</ref> and "lame duck", and the government was formed with the fewest party [[Member of Parliament|MPs]] in the [[Lok Sabha]].<ref name="IT">{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19901215-chandra-shekhar-exploits-fears-weaknesses-of-congressi-and-janata-dals-813388-1990-12-15 | title=Chandra Shekhar exploits fears, weaknesses of Congress(I) and Janata Dal(S) | publisher=[[India Today]] | work=Inderjit Badhwar,.Prabhu Chawla | date=15 December 1990 | access-date=20 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xd7PAAAAIAAJ | title=The Interim Man | publisher=[[The Economist]] | year=1990 | pages=42}}</ref> His government could not pass the budget<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/1991-the-untold-story/article14513325.ece | title=1991, the untold story | publisher=The Hindu | work=[[Yashwant Sinha]] | date=29 July 2016 | access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref> at a crucial time when [[Moody's Investors Service|Moody]] had downgraded India, and it further went down after the budget was not passed, and global credit-rating agencies further downgraded India from investment grade, making it impossible to even get short-term loans, and in no position to give any commitment to reform, the [[World Bank]] and [[IMF]] stopped their assistance. Shekhar had to authorise mortgaging of gold to avoid default of payment, and this action came in for particular criticism, as it was done secretly in the midst of the election.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/How-the-economy-found-its-feet/article14506275.ece | title=How the economy found its feet | publisher=The Hindu | work=Deepak Nayar | date=18 October 2016 | access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/in-fact-how-govts-pledged-gold-to-pull-economy-back-from-the-brink/ | title=In fact: How govts pledged gold to pull economy back from the brink | publisher=The Indian Express | work=Shaji Vikraman | date=5 April 2017 | access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="CorbridgeHarriss2013">{{cite book|author1=Stuart Corbridge|author2=John Harriss|title=Reinventing India: Liberalization, Hindu Nationalism and Popular Democracy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ERgoAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT144|access-date=20 December 2018|date=28 May 2013|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0-7456-6604-4|pages=144–}}</ref> The [[1991 Indian economic crisis]] and the [[assassination of Rajiv Gandhi]] plunged his government into crisis. But according to [[Subramanian Swamy]], finance minister [[Yashwant Sinha]] mortgaged gold reserves without informing the Commerce Ministry (which was headed by Swamy).<ref name=":1" /> But granting the permission for US military planes to refuel in Indian airports during the [[Gulf War]] suddenly transformed Prime Minister Shekhar's image internationally.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Crossette|first=Barbara|last2=Times|first2=Special To the New York|date=1990-11-13|title=Man in The News; India's Freewheeling Leader: Chandra Shekhar|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/13/world/man-in-the-news-india-s-freewheeling-leader-chandra-shekhar.html|access-date=2021-12-26|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> | |||
==Personal life== | ==Personal life== | ||
=== Early years and Education === | === Early years and Education === | ||
Chandra Shekhar was born on 1 July 1927 in a [[Rajput]] family at [[Ibrahimpatti]], a village in [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He came from a poor farming family.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YY4I36ZbJ7gC&pg=PA59|title=The Long March: Profile of Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar|publisher=Mittal|first=Attar |last=Chand |year=1991 |isbn=978-8-17099-272-1|page=59}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ghai|first=Rajat|date=7 May 2014|title=The office of Prime Minister: A largely north Indian upper-caste, Hindu affair|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/the-office-of-prime-minister-a-largely-north-indian-upper-caste-hindu-affair-114050700846_1.html|access-date=8 September 2020}}</ref> He was awarded a Bachelor of Arts (graduate) degree at Satish Chandra P.G. College. He attended [[Allahabad University]], obtaining his master's degree in political science in 1950.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dubey |first=Scharada |date=2009 |title=Movers and Shakers Prime Minister of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2dgqNH6uKUsC&pg=PT67 |publisher=Westland |isbn= 9788189975548|access-date=7 June 2015 }}</ref> He was known as a firebrand in student politics and started his political career with Dr. [[Ram Manohar Lohia]]. After he had completed his graduation, he became active in socialist politics.<ref>The rise of Socialist politics under Chandra Shekhar. ''In the Janata-coalition government that came to power in the aftermath of that election, Chandra Shekhar willingly gave up his claim to a Cabinet ministerial role that he was offered in favour of his fellow-Young Turk Mohan Dharia. That was just one instance of Chandra Shekhar’s deep commitment and loyalty towards his friends which is a recurring theme in the book. A rare occurrence in an opportunistic political world—Chandra Shekhar was also upright and forthright, not prone to hypocrisy like the commonplace politicians. Sometimes his straight talk stunned even seasoned politicians like Ram Manohar Lohia and Indira Gandhi.'' | Chandra Shekhar Singh was born on 1 July 1927 in a [[Rajput]] family at [[Ibrahimpatti]], a village in [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He came from a poor farming family.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YY4I36ZbJ7gC&pg=PA59|title=The Long March: Profile of Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar|publisher=Mittal|first=Attar |last=Chand |year=1991 |isbn=978-8-17099-272-1|page=59}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ghai|first=Rajat|date=7 May 2014|title=The office of Prime Minister: A largely north Indian upper-caste, Hindu affair|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/the-office-of-prime-minister-a-largely-north-indian-upper-caste-hindu-affair-114050700846_1.html|access-date=8 September 2020}}</ref> He was awarded a Bachelor of Arts (graduate) degree at Satish Chandra P.G. College. He attended [[Allahabad University]], obtaining his master's degree in political science in 1950.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dubey |first=Scharada |date=2009 |title=Movers and Shakers Prime Minister of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2dgqNH6uKUsC&pg=PT67 |publisher=Westland |isbn= 9788189975548|access-date=7 June 2015 }}</ref> He was known as a firebrand in student politics and started his political career with Dr. [[Ram Manohar Lohia]]. After he had completed his graduation, he became active in socialist politics.<ref>The rise of Socialist politics under Chandra Shekhar. ''In the Janata-coalition government that came to power in the aftermath of that election, Chandra Shekhar willingly gave up his claim to a Cabinet ministerial role that he was offered in favour of his fellow-Young Turk Mohan Dharia. That was just one instance of Chandra Shekhar’s deep commitment and loyalty towards his friends which is a recurring theme in the book. A rare occurrence in an opportunistic political world—Chandra Shekhar was also upright and forthright, not prone to hypocrisy like the commonplace politicians. Sometimes his straight talk stunned even seasoned politicians like Ram Manohar Lohia and Indira Gandhi.'' | ||
</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Buy Chandra Shekhar :The Last Icon of Ideological Politics Book at 32% off.|url=https://paytmmall.com/chandra-shekhar-the-last-icon-of-ideological-politics-9789353334017_30212-pdp|access-date=8 September 2020|website=Paytm Mall|language=en}}</ref> | </ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Buy Chandra Shekhar :The Last Icon of Ideological Politics Book at 32% off.|url=https://paytmmall.com/chandra-shekhar-the-last-icon-of-ideological-politics-9789353334017_30212-pdp|access-date=8 September 2020|website=Paytm Mall|language=en}}</ref> | ||
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===Join Congress=== | ===Join Congress=== | ||
Chandra Shekhar was a prominent leader of the socialists. He joined [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1964. From 1962 to 1967, he was a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]]. He first entered the [[Lok Sabha]] in | Chandra Shekhar was a prominent leader of the socialists. He joined [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1964. From 1962 to 1967, he was a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]]. He first entered the [[Lok Sabha]] in 1977. He came to be known as a 'young Turk' for his conviction and courage in the fight against the vested interests. The other 'young Turks', who formed the 'ginger group' in the Congress in the fight for egalitarian policies, included<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sjpchandrashekhar.org/samajwadijantaparty-founder-chandra-shekhar/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=15 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180531230455/http://www.sjpchandrashekhar.org/samajwadijantaparty-founder-chandra-shekhar/ |archive-date=31 May 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> leaders like [[Feroze Gandhi]], [[Satyendra Narayan Sinha]], [[Mohan Dharia]] and [[Ram Dhan]]. As a member of the Congress Party, he vehemently criticised Indira Gandhi for her declaration of emergency in 1975. Chandrashekhar was arrested during the emergency and sent to prison along with other "young turks".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kapoor|first1=Coomi|title=The Emergency: A Personal History, Chapter 4|date=2015|publisher=Penguin/Viking|isbn=9789352141197|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ABbLCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT6}}</ref> | ||
===In Janata Party=== | ===In Janata Party=== | ||
Chandrasekhar was jailed during the emergency and after, he became the President of [[Janata Party]]. In the parliamentary elections, [[Janata Party]] formed the government after the [[1977 Indian general election]] headed by [[Morarji Desai]].However the party lost the 1980 elections and were routed in [[1984 Indian general election]] winning just 10 seats and Chandrasekhar losing his own [[Ballia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ballia seat]] to [[Jagannath Chowdhary]].<ref name=loksabha1984>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf |title=General Elections, 1984 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=29 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718184911/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref> | Chandrasekhar was jailed during the emergency and after, he became the President of [[Janata Party]]. In the parliamentary elections, [[Janata Party]] formed the government after the [[1977 Indian general election]] headed by [[Morarji Desai]]. However the party lost the 1980 elections and were routed in [[1984 Indian general election]] winning just 10 seats and Chandrasekhar losing his own [[Ballia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ballia seat]] to [[Jagannath Chowdhary]].<ref name=loksabha1984>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf |title=General Elections, 1984 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=29 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718184911/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref> | ||
In 1988, his party merged with other parties and formed the government under the leadership of [[V.P. Singh]]. Again his relationship with the coalition deteriorated and he formed another party, Janata Dal socialist faction. With the support of Congress (I) headed by [[Rajiv Gandhi]], he replaced V.P. Singh as the Prime Minister of India in November 1990. After 1977, he was elected to Lok Sabha in all the elections, except in 1984 when the Congress swept the polls after Indira Gandhi's assassination. The post of Prime Minister, which he thought he genuinely deserved, eluded him in 1989 when V. P. Singh pipped him at the post and was chosen to head the first coalition government at the centre. | In 1988, his party merged with other parties and formed the government under the leadership of [[V.P. Singh]]. Again his relationship with the coalition deteriorated and he formed another party, Janata Dal socialist faction. With the support of Congress (I) headed by [[Rajiv Gandhi]], he replaced V.P. Singh as the Prime Minister of India in November 1990. After 1977, he was elected to Lok Sabha in all the elections, except in 1984 when the Congress swept the polls after Indira Gandhi's assassination. The post of Prime Minister, which he thought he genuinely deserved, eluded him in 1989 when V. P. Singh pipped him at the post and was chosen to head the first coalition government at the centre. | ||
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===In Parliament=== | ===In Parliament=== | ||
Chandra Shekhar was a member of Rajya Sabha from 1962 to 1977, 1962 to 1968 as an independent supported by Socialist Party and later as member of Congress. He was jailed during the Emergency. After his release from jail in 1977, he joined Janata Party. He was elected to Lok Sabha from [[Ballia (Lok Sabha constituency)]] as a member of various incarnations of Janata Party in 1977, 1980, 1989, 1991, 1996, 1998, 1999, and 2004. He lost that seat only once in that span, in 1984 election. After his death, his son Neeraj Shekhar won the ensuing | Chandra Shekhar was a member of Rajya Sabha from 1962 to 1977, 1962 to 1968 as an independent supported by Socialist Party and later as member of Congress. He was jailed during the Emergency. After his release from jail in 1977, he joined Janata Party. He was elected to Lok Sabha from [[Ballia (Lok Sabha constituency)]] as a member of various incarnations of Janata Party in 1977, 1980, 1989, 1991, 1996, 1998, 1999, and 2004. He lost that seat only once in that span, in 1984 election. After his death, his son Neeraj Shekhar won the ensuing by-poll in 2008. | ||
== Other Ministries == | == Other Ministries == | ||
=== Minister of Information and Broadcasting (1990-1991) === | === Minister of Information and Broadcasting (1990-1991) === | ||
Chandra Shekhar remained the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Minister of Information and Broadcasting]] from 21 November 1990 to 21 June 1991 from [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]] and at that time he was himself the Prime Minister of India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MIB|url=http://mib.gov.in/ShowContentOne.aspx?id=1&Section=7|website=mib.gov.in}}</ref> He was preceded | Chandra Shekhar remained the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Minister of Information and Broadcasting]] from 21 November 1990 to 21 June 1991 from [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]] and at that time he was himself the Prime Minister of India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MIB|url=http://mib.gov.in/ShowContentOne.aspx?id=1&Section=7|website=mib.gov.in}}</ref> He was preceded by [[V. P. Singh]] and succeeded by [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] to the position after he resigned from the position of Prime Minister due to loss of support of the alliances.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who's Who {{!}} Ministry of Information and Broadcasting {{!}} Government of India|url=https://mib.gov.in/about-us/whos-who|access-date=14 September 2020|website=mib.gov.in}}</ref> | ||
=== Minister of Home Affairs (1990-1991) === | === Minister of Home Affairs (1990-1991) === | ||
Like the Minister of I and B, he remained [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]] for the time period of 7 months. He was himself the Prime Minister at that time and was preceded by [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]] and succeeded by [[Shankarrao Chavan]] of [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>[[Minister of Home Affairs (India)]]</ref> | |||
=== Minister of Defence (1990-1991) === | === Minister of Defence (1990-1991) === | ||
Along with [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] and [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Information and Broadcasting]], he also handled [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] under him as the [[Prime Minister of India]]. He was Minister of Defence for a very short time of 7 months and didn't present the Defence budget.<ref name=":0" /> He was preceded | Along with [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] and [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Information and Broadcasting]], he also handled [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] under him as the [[Prime Minister of India]]. He was Minister of Defence for a very short time of 7 months and didn't present the Defence budget.<ref name=":0" /> He was preceded by [[V. P. Singh]] and succeeded by [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] as the Minister of Defence.<ref>[[Minister of Defence (India)]]</ref> | ||
==Prime Minister== | ==Prime Minister== | ||
{{main|Chandra Shekhar ministry}} | {{main|Chandra Shekhar ministry}} | ||
Chandra Shekhar was prime minister for seven months, the second shortest period after that of [[Charan Singh]]. He also handled the portfolios of Defence and Home Affairs during this period. However, his government could not introduce a full budget because on 6 March 1991 Congress withdrew support during its formulation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chandra-Shekhar|title=Chandra Shekhar {{!}} prime minister of India|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=30 August 2019}}</ref> As a result, Chandra Shekhar resigned the office of the prime minister on the same day.<ref>{{cite news |work=The Hindu |date=8 July 2007 |title=Chandra Shekhar critical |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/chandra-shekhar-critical/article1868892.ece |access-date=11 December 2014}}</ref> | Chandra Shekhar was prime minister for seven months, the second shortest period after that of [[Charan Singh]]. [[Subramanian Swamy]] was instrumental in forming this government with the support of Congress.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2008-12-16|title=Welcome to www.Janata Party.org|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216042039/http://www.janataparty.org/articledetail.asp?rowid=15|access-date=2021-12-24|website=web.archive.org}}</ref> He also handled the portfolios of Defence and Home Affairs during this period. However, his government could not introduce a full budget because on 6 March 1991 Congress withdrew support during its formulation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chandra-Shekhar|title=Chandra Shekhar {{!}} prime minister of India|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=30 August 2019}}</ref> As a result, Chandra Shekhar resigned the office of the prime minister on the same day.<ref>{{cite news |work=The Hindu |date=8 July 2007 |title=Chandra Shekhar critical |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/chandra-shekhar-critical/article1868892.ece |access-date=11 December 2014}}</ref> | ||
[[Manmohan Singh]] was his Economic Advisor.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Manmohan Singh|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/topic/manmohan-singh|access-date=2021-12-26}}</ref> [[Subramanian Swamy]] along with [[Manmohan Singh]] and [[Montek Singh Ahluwalia]] prepared a series of documents on economic liberalization but could not pass in parliament because Congress withdrew support.<ref>{{Cite book|title=BACKSTAGE: The Story behind India’s High Growth Years|publisher=Rupa Publications|year=2020|isbn=978-93-5333-821-3|pages=119-120}}</ref> [[Jairam Ramesh]] in his book ''To the Brink and Back: India’s 1991 Story'' has written that "Chandrashekhar's Cabinet Committee on Trade and Investment (CCTI) itself had on 11 March 1991 approved the new export strategy which contained the main elements of the 4 July package"<ref>{{Cite book|title=To the Brink and Back: India’s 1991 Story|publisher=Rupa Publications|year=2015|isbn=9788129137807}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-05|title=1991 – Economy liberalisation – Congress gives credit to Dr Swamy and claims it too! - PGurus|url=https://www.pgurus.com/1991-economy-liberalisation-congress-gives-credit-to-dr-swamy-and-claims-it-too/|access-date=2021-12-26|language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
According to an article published in ThePrint on 7 August 2020 Roderick Mathews writes that PM Chandra Shekhar had almost resolved the Ayodhya issue, facilitating an agreement between the two sides - the Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas (RJN) and the All India Babri Masjid Action Committee (AIBMAC). The proposal was presented to Rajiv Gandhi, the leader of opposition, who did not approve of it, and as we know Congress Party withdrew its support bringing down Chandra Shekhar Government.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Matthews|first=Roderick|date=7 August 2020|title=Chandra Shekhar had 'solved' Ayodhya issue. But 'petty' Rajiv Gandhi brought his govt down|url=https://theprint.in/pageturner/excerpt/chandra-shekhar-solved-ayodhya-issue-but-rajiv-gandhi-brought-his-govt-down/476478/|access-date=8 September 2020|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref> | According to an article published in ThePrint on 7 August 2020 Roderick Mathews writes that PM Chandra Shekhar had almost resolved the Ayodhya issue, facilitating an agreement between the two sides - the Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas (RJN) and the All India Babri Masjid Action Committee (AIBMAC). The proposal was presented to Rajiv Gandhi, the leader of opposition, who did not approve of it, and as we know Congress Party withdrew its support bringing down Chandra Shekhar Government.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Matthews|first=Roderick|date=7 August 2020|title=Chandra Shekhar had 'solved' Ayodhya issue. But 'petty' Rajiv Gandhi brought his govt down|url=https://theprint.in/pageturner/excerpt/chandra-shekhar-solved-ayodhya-issue-but-rajiv-gandhi-brought-his-govt-down/476478/|access-date=8 September 2020|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
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[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]] | [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]] | ||
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]] | [[Category:Janata Dal politicians]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Samata Party politicians]] | ||
[[Category:Samajwadi Janata Party politicians]] | [[Category:Samajwadi Janata Party politicians]] | ||
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]] | [[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]] | ||